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The design of the high-speed on/off valve is challenging due to the interrelated structural parameters of its driving actuator. Hence, this study proposes a multi-objective optimization approach that integrates a backpropagation neural network and artificial fish swarm algorithm optimization techniques to accurately model the electromagnetic solenoid structure. The backpropagation neural network is fitted and trained using simulation data to obtain a reduced-order model of the system, enabling the precise prediction of the system’s output based on the input structural parameters. By employing the artificial fish swarm algorithms, with optimization objectives focusing on the valve’s opening and closing times, a Pareto optimal solution set comprising 30 solutions is generated. Utilizing the optimized structural parameters, a prototype is manufactured and an experimental setup is constructed to verify the dynamic characteristics and flow pressure drop. The high-speed on/off valve achieves an approximate opening and closing time of 3 ms. Notably, the system output predicted using the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) exhibits consistency with the experimental findings, providing a reliable alternative to mathematical modeling.

The coal mine’s underground heading roadway suffers from a lack of effective temporary support, which contributes to low efficiency and inadequate safety in excavation operations. This paper presents a novel approach for roadway excavation, support, and anchoring, utilizing the twin-link stepping temporary support method. To address the stability requirements of the roadway roof in this support method, a numerical model of the excavation face was developed using the BBM (Bonded Block Model) method in 3DEC 7.0 software. Through numerical simulation, the repeatability of the twin-link stepping temporary support process was assessed for various roadway roof rock types, thicknesses, and burial depths. By considering aspects such as roof fragmentation, roof convergence, and relative displacement between the direct roof and the bedrock, the range of roadway roof repeatability was determined. The proposed twin-link stepping temporary support process, along with its applicable roof conditions, establishes a theoretical foundation for implementing the parallel operation mode in coal mine underground heading roadways, thereby significantly enhancing safety and efficiency.

Environmental pollutants are closely linked to lung cancer. The different types of environmental pollutants can be classified as chemical, physical, and biological. The roles of common chemical and physical pollutants such as PM2.5, smoking, radon, asbestos, and formaldehyde in lung cancer have been extensively studied. Notably, the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic raised awareness of the strong link between biological pollution and human health. Allergens such as house dust mites and pollen, as well as bacteria and viruses, are common biological pollutants. A few biological pollutants have been reported to promote lung cancer via inducing inflammatory cytokines secretion, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β, as well as suppressing immunosurveillance by upregulating regulatory T (Treg) cells while dampening the function of CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells. However, the correlation between common biological hazards, such as SARS-CoV-2, human immunodeficiency viruses, Helicobacter pylori, and house dust mites, and lung cancer is not fully elucidated, and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Moreover, the majority of studies that have been performed in lung cancer and biological carcinogens were not based on the perspective of biological pollutants, which has challenged the systematicity and coherence in the field of biological pollutants in lung cancer. Here, in addition to reviewing the recent progress made in investigating the roles of allergens, viruses, and bacteria in lung cancer, we summarized the potential mechanisms underlying biological pollutants in lung cancer. Our narrative review can shed light on understanding the significance of biological pollutants in lung cancer, as well as inspire and broaden research ideas on lung cancer etiology.

Koumine is one of the most abundant alkaloids found in Gelsemium elegans, and it has a wide range of pharmacological effects including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic treatment effects, and antianxiety. However, its high toxicity and unclear mechanism of action have greatly limited the medicinal development and use of koumine. We investigated the toxic effects of koumine on the developmental toxicity and behavioral neurotoxicity of zebrafish embryos and larvae. Embryos at 6 h postfertilization (hpf) were exposed to 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L of koumine until 120 hpf. Koumine affected the hatching and heartbeats of the embryos. The morphological analysis also revealed many abnormalities, such as shortened bodies, yolk sac edemas, tail malformations, and pericardial edemas. To identify the neurotoxicity of koumine, the behavior of the larvae was measured. Koumine at 50 and 100 mg/L affect the escape response. The embryos exhibited uncoordinated muscle contractions along the body axis in response to touch at 36 hpf. More importantly, we found that the neurotoxicity of koumine is mainly caused by influencing the ACh content and the activity of AChE without impairing motor neuron development. A comprehensive analysis shows that a high concentration of koumine has obvious toxic effects on zebrafish, and the safe concentration of koumine for zebrafish should be less than 25 mg/L. These results will be valuable for better understanding the toxicity of koumine and provide new insights into the application of koumine.

This paper proposes a temporary support system for improving the efficiency and safety of underground roadway excavation in coal mines. Firstly, this study establishes a calculation model for the initial supporting force of the excavation of roadway temporary support and a gray system-based automatic prediction model for the initial supporting force level, based on the mechanism of temporary support controlling the roof. These models enable the prediction of the required initial supporting force at different locations along the roadway’s temporary support area, thereby providing a basis for controlling the initial supporting force of the temporary support system. To achieve efficient and adaptive control of the initial supporting force of temporary supports at different locations, this study designs a support force controller based on Simulated Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization Proportional-Integral-Derivative (SAPSO-PID). This study establishes a mathematical model for the hydraulic cylinder pressure system controlled by the temporary support overflow valve and conducts a stability analysis and model verification. The study constructs a simulation control system for the initial supporting force based on SAPSO-PID using the combined simulation platform of AMESim and Matlab. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed support force control system efficiently achieves adaptive control of the initial supporting force of temporary supports. An experimental system in the underground roadway of a coal mine is constructed to validate the results of the simulation analysis.

In China, the Cranoglanis bouderius is classified as a national class II-protected animal. The development of C. bouderius populations has been affected by a variety of factors over the past few decades, with severe declines occurring. Considering the likelihood of continued population declines of the C. bouderius in the future, it is critical to investigate the currently unknown characteristics of gonadal differentiation and sex-related genes for C. bouderius conservation. In this study, the Illumina sequencing platform was used to sequence the gonadal transcriptome of the C. bouderius to identify the pathways and genes related to gonadal development and analyze the expression differences in the gonads. A total of 12,002 DEGs were identified, with 7220 being significantly expressed in the ovary and 4782 being significantly expressed in the testis. According to the functional enrichment results, the cell cycle, RNA transport, apoptosis, Wnt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and prolactin signaling pathway play important roles in sex development in the C. bouderius. Furthermore, the sequence characterization and evolutionary analysis revealed that AMH, DAX1, NANOS1, and AR of the C. bouderius are highly conserved. Specifically, the qRT-PCR results from various tissues showed significant differences in AMH, DAX1, NANOS1, and AR expression levels in the gonads of both sexes of C. bouderius. These analyses indicated that AMH, DAX1, NANOS1, and AR may play important roles in the differentiation and development of C. bouderius gonads. To our best knowledge, this study is the first to analyze the C. bouderius gonadal transcriptome and identify the structures of sex-related genes, laying the foundation for future research.

Cultivated land fragmentation (CLF) is a key obstacle to agricultural development and has a strong relationship with regional food security and global sustainable development. However, few studies have analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution pattern and evolution characteristics of CLF and the complex interactions among their influencing factors in rapidly developing regions. In this study, first, the GlobeLand30 datasets were used to obtain characteristic parameters of cultivated land in counties in Guangdong Province in 2000, 2010, and 2020. Then, the linear weighted comprehensive evaluation model based on the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to measure the extent of CLF. Finally, the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) was used to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution pattern and evolution characteristics of CLF, and geodetector (GD) and random forest (RF) models were used to explore the factors influencing the spatial difference in CLF. The results showed that the spatial differences in the distribution of cultivated land resources in Guangdong Province are relatively large and the extent of agglomeration is generally low. The extent of CLF on the county scale is mainly medium and higher. The overall spatial distribution shows an increasing trend from the south to the north and from the west to the east, and the spatial distribution pattern with agglomeration and randomness remains relatively stable. From 2000 to 2020, the overall CLF continued to intensify and the evolution of CLF on the county scale mainly increased. The spatial difference in CLF is the result of that based on the natural environment and influenced by factors such as social, economic, and agricultural development. The interaction between influencing factors is very strong, dominated by nonlinear enhancement. The results are of great significance for promoting the intensive and efficient utilization of cultivated land resources and sustainable regional development.

Gelsemium elegans Benth. (GEB) is a traditional medicinal plant in China, and acts as a growth promoter in pigs and goats. Koumine (KM) is the most abundant alkaloid in GEB and produces analgesic, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. KM can be used as an aquatic immune stimulant, but its growth-promoting effects and transcriptional mechanisms have not been investigated. Diets containing KM at 0, 0.2, 2, and 20 mg/kg were fed to Cyprinus carpio for 71 days to investigate its effects on growth performance, intestinal morphology, microflora, biochemical indicators, and transcriptional mechanisms. Cyprinus carpio fed with KM as the growth promoter, and the number of intestinal crypts and intestinal microbial populations were influenced by KM concentration. KM increased the abundance of colonies of Afipia, Phyllobacterium, Mesorhizobium, and Labrys, which were associated with compound decomposition and proliferation, and decreased the abundance of colonies of pathogenic bacteria Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum. A total of 376 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) among the four experimental groups were enriched for transforming growth factor-β1 and small mother against decapentaplegic (TGF-β1/Smad), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and janus kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription (Jak/Stat) signaling pathways. In particular, tgfbr1, acvr1l, rreb-1, stat5b, smad4, cbp, and c-fos were up-regulated and positively correlated with KM dose. KM had a growth-promoting effect that was related to cell proliferation driven by the TGF-β1/Smad, MAPK, and Jak/Stat signaling pathways. KM at 0.2 mg/kg optimized the growth performance of C. carpio, while higher concentrations of KM (2 and 20 mg/kg) may induce apoptosis without significantly damaging the fish intestinal structure. Therefore, KM at low concentration has great potential for development as an aquatic growth promotion additive.

Building extraction of remote sensing images is very important for urban planning. In the field of deep learning, in order to extract more detailed building features, more complex convolution operations and larger network models are usually used to segment buildings, resulting in low efficiency of automatic extraction. The existing network is difficult to balance the extraction accuracy and extraction speed. Considering the segmentation accuracy and speed, a Feature Residual Analysis Network (FRA-Net) is proposed to realize fast and accurate building extraction. The whole network includes two stages: encoding and decoding. In the encoding stage, a Separable Residual Module (SRM) is designed to extract feature information and extract building features from remote sensing images, avoiding the use of large convolution kernels to reduce the complexity of the model. In the decoding stage, the SRM is used for information decoding, and a multi-feature attention module is constructed to enhance the effective information. The experimental results on the LandCover dataset and Massachusetts Buildings dataset show that the reasoning speed has been greatly improved without reducing the segmentation accuracy.