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Through a clinical analysis of the cultural transfers and counter-transfers at play in the exchange between a nurse and a young unaccompanied minor, the authors propose a reflection on the question of transcultural encounters in healthcare. What recognition should be given to otherness, so as not to reduce the other to his or her difference, but rather to support him or her in the construction of an identity at the heart of the issue of métissage?, (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

With the help of clinical vignettes, the authors present their approach to maternity care for exiled pregnant women at risk of psychotrauma. They emphasize the importance of co-constructing a life story to bridge discontinuities, and of working as a team with continuity to avoid further breakdowns. At stake is the birth of a baby, which may suffer from psychotraumatic sharing without adequate support., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem. Nephrology nursing is an effective intervention in the management of this disease. However, nurses can only develop the skills related to this care after receiving specialized initial education. This article explains the initial nursing education in specialized nephrology care in selected countries., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The 2030 French Innovation Healthcare national plan defined "Digital Healthcare" as one of its priority. The deployment of digital pathology and artificial intelligence fits perfectly into this framework. Therefore we evaluated the pathologist's interest in those fields by conducting an online survey among members of the French Society of Pathology, mainly composed of senior pathologists and trainees (n=2301). We collected 123 answers originating nationwide and representative of all status of practice. A heavy majority of participants (83%) declared themselves "interested or very interested" in digital transition and AI. Twenty-six percent of participants took part in academic research projects and 20% in industrial research projects. With digital pathology becoming increasingly common nationwide, there is a growing interest of pathologists in the development and validation of AI algorithms. In order to support this dynamic, a commission for research on artificial intelligence has been created under the authority of the French Society of Pathology., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, clinical, and epidemiological features of tinea capitis (TC) in schoolchildren in Mahajanga city, north-west Madagascar, to identify the etiological dermatophyte species by morphological, proteomic and molecular approaches and ultimately to analyze the risk factors promoting TC in the studied region., Methods: A survey was conducted in a randomly selected primary school. Symptomatic schoolchildren with signs resembling TC were sampled by scraping and sterile swabbing after examination of the scalp with a Wood's lamp. The collected specimens were then analyzed by a combination of conventional, proteomic, and molecular examinations RESULTS: The results of this study revealed a prevalence of TC of 8.7 % (39/449). Boys were much more affected than girls (M/F = 3.3). A little more than half (53.8 %) of TC cases exhibited large (>2 cm) alopecic patches. Pruritus was the most frequent clinical sign in 74.4 % of cases. The incriminated species identified by morphology and confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and ITS sequencing were exclusively Microsporum audouinii. Playing football, running and contact with animals were statistically associated with TC. Inversely, the use of soap and the application of styling oil were protective against TC., Conclusion: In this first investigation carried out in Mahajanga city, the prevalence of TC was 8.7 % and M. audouinii was the only responsible agent identified by three methods. Molecular approach allowed identification of the dermatophyte species in the specimens with inconclusive culture but positive direct examination. The risk factors such as playing football, running and contact with animals were significantly associated with TC., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Objective: This study aims to present and analyze the results of the French cohort in a European Board of Ophthalmology (EBO) survey on cataract surgical training in Europe, highlighting the particularities of French training., Materials and Methods: A 23-question electronic questionnaire was sent to interns applying for the EBO examination from 2018 to 2022. Responses from French participants were specifically collected and analyzed., Results: Of 122 responding French ophthalmologists, the mean age was 31.0±2.8 years with an equal distribution between men and women. The most frequent pre-patient training sessions were on virtual reality simulators (8.6±8.2 sessions). French respondents reported a higher average number of partial (124.1±94.8) and complete (96.4±93.1) surgeries, with increased confidence (0-10 scale) in performing simple (7.3±2.4) and complex (5.51±2.6) surgeries, as well as in managing posterior capsular ruptures (7.2±2.5) or performing corneal sutures (3.9±2.7)., Discussion: Within the European landscape, French cataract surgery training is part of a model of "surgery for all", without gender disparity. Regional variations, however, mark the French landscape, in contrast to other European nations such as Spain and Germany. Standardization of pre-patient training sessions is proposed as a means of equalization., Conclusion: To standardize cataract surgery training in Europe, it is advisable to establish recommendations and educational strategies, including the standardization of pre-patient training sessions to ensure validation of surgical skills., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Objective: We investigated strategies to mitigate hypoglycemic risk during and after different aerobic exercises in people with type 1 diabetes (pwT1D) using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion., Research Design and Methods: Thirty-seven pwT1D (21 adults, 16 adolescents; HbA1c = 7.5 ± 1.0 %) participated in two post-absorptive (4-h post-meal) exercise sessions (60-min continuous moderate intensity [CONT] vs. intermittent [INT]). Pre-exercise basal rate reduction (BRR) was either 40 % or 80 %, 90 min before exercise. Post-exercise, participants undertook either a 20 % BRR for 10 h with 20 % reduced dinner bolus (INS) or a 45 g post-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) snack with a 50 % insulin bolus, and a 30 g bedtime CHO snack without bolus (snack)., Results: While a similar number of hypoglycemic events (31 vs. 28) were observed between exercise modalities, CONT led to a greater decrease in blood glucose during exercise compared to INT (-3.1 ± 2.3, CONT vs. -2.7 ± 2.2 mmol/l, INT, P = 0.005). Changes in blood glucose during exercise (-3.0 ± 2.4, 40 %BRR vs. -2.8 ± 2.1 mmol/l, 80 %BRR, P = 0.076) and the number of hypoglycemic events (35 vs. 24) were similar between 40 % and 80 %BRR. Time in hyperglycemia was lower with INS compared to snack in the first 30 min after exercise, but no differences were observed for late recovery period or nighttime., Conclusion: Compared to INT, CONT led to greater blood glucose decline without increasing hypoglycemia risk. A larger pre-exercise BRR did not further reduce hypoglycemia risk during exercise. Post-exercise INS and snack strategies led to comparable glucose profiles in pwT1D., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: RRL: Research grants: Diabetes Canada, Astrazeneca, E Lilly, Cystic Fibrosis Canada, CIHR, FFRD, Janssen, JDRF, Merck, NIH, Novo-Nordisk, Société Francophone du Diabète, Sanofi-Aventis, Vertex Pharmaceutical. Consulting /advisory panel: Abbott, Astra-Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer I, Dexcom, E Lilly, HLS therapeutics, INESSS, Insulet, Janssen, Medtronic, Merck, Novo-Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi- Aventis. Honoraria for conferences: Abbott, Astra-Zeneca, Boehringer I, CPD Network, Dexcom, CMS Canadian Medical&Surgical Knowledge Translation Research group, E Lilly, Janssen, Medtronic, Merck, Novo-Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Tandem, Vertex Pharmaceutical. Consumable gift (in Kind): E Lilly, Medtronic. Unrestricted grants for clinical and educational activities: Abbott, E Lilly, Medtronic, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis Patent: T2D risk biomarkers, catheter life. Purchase fees: E Lilly (artificial pancreas)., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Impulse control disorders (ICD) are frequent and cumbersome behavioral disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding their pathophysiological underpinnings is crucial. Molecular imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) clearly indicates preexisting vulnerability and abnormal sensitization of the pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic system. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies reveal abnormal connectivity within the reward system involving the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex. These alterations pinpoint the dysfunction of reinforcement learning in ICD, which is biased toward the overvaluation of reward and underestimation of risk, and the deficit in inhibitory control mechanisms related to abnormal connectivity within and between the limbic and the associative and motor networks., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The majority of nurses have a favourable opinion of complementary therapies. This makes it easier to identify the therapies used by patients. Being trained in and practising a complementary therapy strengthens the nursing skills and helps to give it new meaning. Nurses must play an active part in the ongoing structuring of integrative medicine in France., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Tropical regions are characterized by a hot and humid climate that promotes the emergence or resurgence of endemic or epidemic levels of microorganisms such as viruses. Emerging viral infections are mostly inapparent, mild, or non-specific (flu-like syndrome), but they may include serious, potentially disabling or life-threatening complications. A wide array of ocular manifestations has been recently described in association with specific emerging viral infections, including arboviruses, Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1), and Ebola. Emerging viral disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ocular inflammatory conditions in patients living in or returning from endemic regions. Diagnosis of emerging viral infection is confirmed with either real time polymerase chain reaction or serology. Management consists of supportive care, as there are currently no specific antiviral drug options. Corticosteroids are often used for the treatment of associated ocular inflammation. Most patients have a good visual prognosis, but there may be permanent visual impairment in some due to ocular structural complications. Prophylactic measures are essential to prevent human infection and disease., Competing Interests: Déclaration de liens d’intérêts Les auteurs déclarent ne pas avoir de liens d’intérêts., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Aim: An update on the plasticity of the brain networks involved in autism (autism spectrum disorders [ASD]), and the increasing role of their synapses and primary non-motile cilia., Methods: Data from PubMed and Google on this subject, published until February 2024, were analyzed., Results: Structural and functional brain characteristics and genetic particularities involving synapses and cilia that modify neuronal circuits are observed in ASD, such as reduced pruning of dendrites, minicolumnar pathology, or persistence of connections usually doomed to disappear. Proteins involved in synapse functions (such as neuroligins and neurexins), in the postsynaptic architectural scaffolding (such as Shank proteins) or in cilia functions (such as IFT-independent kinesins) are often abnormal. There is an increase in glutaminergic transmission and a decrease in GABA inhibition. ASD may occur in genetic ciliopathies. The means of modulating these specificities, when deemed useful, are described., Interpretation: The wide range of clinical manifestations of ASD is strongly associated with abnormalities in the morphology, functions, and plasticity of brain networks, involving their synapses and non-motile cilia. Their modulation offers important research perspectives on treatments when needed, especially since brain plasticity persists much later than previously thought. Improved early detection of ASD and additional studies on synapses and primary cilia are needed., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic had a huge impact on global mental health. Health care students, both as young people and regarding their student condition, were a more at-risk population. During the first and the third waves, two national surveys already found high levels of psychological distress (21 to 83% of severe psychological distress). This nationwide study focused on health care student changes in substance or treatment use during the pandemic., Methods: We did an online national cross-sectional study addressing all health care students in France from April 4 to May 11, 2021. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and work conditions questions, Kessler 6 scale, and simple questions about psychotropic treatments or substance use., Results: We obtained 16,937 answers, including 54% nurses and 16% medical students. Increased psychoactive substance use (alcohol, tobacco and cannabis) was associated with males, older students, those having financial difficulties and using more psychotropic treatments. Nursing students were more at risk than others. Increased psychotropic treatment use (anxiolytics, hypnotics) was associated with being a woman, older, having financial difficulties, having high psychological distress, and using more psychoactive substances. Medical, pharmacy, dental and midwife students were more at risk than others. The response rate was low (5,6%), and nursing students represented more than half of the respondents., Conclusions: Compared to our first national survey, substance use (21% versus 13%) and psychotropic treatment use (18% versus 7.3%) increased hugely. These results highlight the need to identify the specific causes of substance use by health care students to better support them. As future health professionals, this is a major public health issue., (Copyright © 2024 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Managing gestational diabetes (GDM) is a particular challenge for women in precarious situations. Precariousness can hamper access to healthy food and medical care. The management of GDM requires careful multidisciplinary medical follow-up. Health professionals need to adopt a holistic approach, taking into account the socio-economic and cultural realities of each patient., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the French form of the preschool social responsiveness scale-2 (SRS-2-P-Fr)., Participants: A sample of French children aged 2 to 4 years comprising a group of 93 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and a community control group of 201 children., Materials and Methods: Study of internal consistency using Cronbach's α coefficient, convergent validity using correlations with the ADI-R and ADOS-2, and diagnostic accuracy using the receiver operating characteristic curve to determine the best threshold scores useful for screening ASD in preschool children., Results: Good internal consistency (0.78 to 0.98) according to Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the total score and the sub-scores of the SRS-2-P scale. The study of convergent validity showed strong correlations with the total score of the ADOS-2 Toddlers and the communication and reciprocal social interaction sub-scores of the ADI-R. Diagnostic accuracy indicated that the best cut-off score for detecting ASDs was 56 (area under the curve=0.97, sensitivity 0.925, specificity 0.98)., Conclusion: The SRS-2-P-Fr is a valid instrument for the early detection of ASD in preschool children in France and can facilitate diagnosis., (Copyright © 2024 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Antidepressant-related sexual dysfunction is one of the most frequently met adverse effects for individuals suffering from major depressive disorder. When primary prevention by non-pharmacological measures fails, empirical coping strategies might be proposed. In this article, we present a brief overview of pharmacological strategies for antidepressant-related sexual dysfunction, considering antidepressants and conceivable corrective medications. We suggest dividing these strategies into three groups: (1) tapering (dose reduction, therapeutic window or short-term treatment interruption); (2) maintenance (focusing on spontaneous remission); (3) optimizing treatment (substitution for another antidepressant or addition of treatments to correct sexual side effects). Whichever strategy is selected, we encourage the clinician to propose the most adequate therapeutic option for the patient, while considering the efficacy and overall tolerance of the current antidepressant strategy, the affected phase of sexuality and patient preferences and gender. This summary is limited to antidepressant treatments and correctors marketed in France and aimed at a clinician reading to help manage patients suffering from antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction., (Copyright © 2024 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To study prognostic factors and functional visual outcomes of soldiers after firearm-related ocular trauma in the conflict zone., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from January 2017 to December 2022 in the ophthalmology departments of three military hospitals. Soldiers with firearm-related ocular trauma were selected. Epidemiological and clinical data, prognostic factors and functional outcomes were studied. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM-SPSS version 23.0 software. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and a P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: A total of 162 eyes of 136 patients were included. The mean age was 28.93±6.52 years. All patients were male. Improvised firearms were the most frequent cause (77%). Bilateral involvement was observed in 26 patients (19.1%). The mean visual acuity of the affected eyes was 1.66±1.04logMAR on admission. Closed globe injuries predominated (72%). The most frequent anatomical lesions of the globe were hyphema (23.4%) and vitreous hemorrhage (19.7%). The mean final visual acuity was 1.38±1.17logMAR, and blindness was observed in 50% of eyes. Factors influencing final visual acuity were type of trauma, initial visual acuity, hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage., Conclusion: Blindness due to firearm-related eye injuries in the conflict zone of Cameroon is common. Wearing protective glasses or visors might reduce its frequency., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Discussing Marian apparitions in the light of current knowledge in neuroscience is a challenge: the testimonies are often old and indirect, and the "visionaries" could not be questioned or even examined according to current neurological or psychiatric standards. In doing so, we are not unaware of the heterogeneity of seers and the facts they reported: there is not necessarily a single hypothesis. It is the appearances of Île Bouchard that will be discussed here. Our interpretation calls on two non-exclusive "mechanisms": on the one hand, mental imagery, which we know can be unconscious and is modulated or generated by frontal "top-down" mechanisms; on the other hand, the sociological consideration of events, using the concept of enchantment., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The term "Gilles de la Tourette syndrome", or the more commonly used term "Tourette syndrome" (TS) refers to the association of motor and phonic tics which evolve in a context of variable but frequent psychiatric comorbidity. The syndrome is characterized by the association of several motor tics and at least one phonic tic that have no identifiable cause, are present for at least one year and appear before the age of 18. The presence of coprolalia is not necessary to establish or rule out the diagnosis, as it is present in only 10% of cases. The diagnosis of TS is purely clinical and is based on the symptoms defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). No additional tests are required to confirm the diagnosis of TS. However, to exclude certain differential diagnoses, further tests may be necessary. Very frequently, one or more psychiatric comorbidities are also present, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, explosive outbursts, self-injurious behaviors, learning disorders or autism spectrum disorder. The condition begins in childhood around 6 or 7 years of age and progresses gradually, with periods of relative waxing and waning of tics. The majority of patients experience improvement by the end of the second decade of life, but symptoms may persist into adulthood in around one-third of patients. The cause of TS is unknown, but genetic susceptibility and certain environmental factors appear to play a role. The treatment of TS and severe forms of tics is often challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach (involving the general practitioner (GP), pediatrician, psychiatrist, neurologist, school or occupational physicians, psychologist and social workers). In mild forms, education (of young patients, parents and siblings) and psychological management are usually recommended. Medical treatments, including antipsychotics, are essential in the moderate to severe forms of the disease (i.e. when there is a functional and/or psychosocial discomfort linked to tics). Over the past decade, cognitive-behavioral therapies have been validated for the treatment of tics. For certain isolated tics, botulinum toxin injections may also be useful. Psychiatric comorbidities, when present, often require a specific treatment. For very severe forms of TS, treatment by deep brain stimulation offers real therapeutic hope. If tics are suspected and social or functional impairment is significant, specialist advice should be sought, in accordance with the patient's age (psychiatrist/child psychiatrist; neurologist/pediatric neurologist). They will determine tic severity and the presence or absence of comorbidities. The GP will take over the management and prescription of treatment: encouraging treatment compliance, assessing side effects, and combating stigmatization among family and friends. They will also play an important role in rehabilitation therapies, as well as in ensuring that accommodations are made in the patient's schooling or professional environment., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

While digitization and artificial intelligence represent the future of our specialty, future is also constrained by global warming and overstepping of planetary limits, threatening human health and the functioning of the healthcare system. The report by the Délégation ministérielle du numérique en santé and the French government's ecological planning of the healthcare system confirm the need to control the environmental impact of digital technology. Indeed, despite the promises of dematerialization, digital technology is a very material industry, generating greenhouse gas emissions, problematic consumption of water and mineral resources, and social impacts. The digital sector is impacting at every stage: (i) manufacture of equipment; (ii) use; and (iii) end-of-life of equipment, which, when recycled, can only be recycled to a very limited extent. This is a fast-growing sector, and the digitization of our specialty is part of its acceleration and its impact. Understanding the consequences of digitalization and artificial intelligence, and phenomena such as the rebound effect, is an essential prerequisite for the implementation of a sober, responsible, and sustainable digital pathology. The aim of this update is to help pathologists better understand the environmental impact of digital technology. As healthcare professionals, we have a responsibility to combine technological advances with an awareness of their impact, within a systemic vision of human health., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Purpose: To evaluate the anatomical and functional results of the "3+PRN" protocol in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME), determine the predictive factors for good final visual acuity, and compare it to other protocols., Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study of patients with DME, which we dubbed HTSM. All patients were treated with three monthly initial intravitreal injections (IVT) of 1.25mg bevacizumab and followed according to the pro re nata (PRN) protocol for a period of 3years. The protocol was based on a monthly monitoring schedule for the first 3months, then increasingly spaced out over time. "On-demand" treatment was indicated with resumption of bevacizumab IVT in the event of worsening of DME., Results: A total of 52 patients were included. The mean age was 65years. Type 2 was the most frequently observed type of diabetes. The mean duration of the PRN protocol was 6months, and the mean number of injections was 6. The mean visual acuity (VA), initially 1/10, improved to 3/10 by the conclusion of the 3+PRN protocol, with an improvement of more than 5 letters in 77.6% of cases. The mean initial central macular thickness (CMT) was 451.5μm. The final mean EMC decreased to 298.5μm, which corresponds to a reduction of 153μm compared to the initial value. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness, initially 304.2μm, decreased to a mean of 284.5μm at completion. Comparative analysis of the results before and after the PRN protocol confirmed the existence of a statistically significant correlation between VA and CMT (P<0.05). No correlation was observed between age and visual acuity or between initial and final VA. The analysis of the various tomographic parameters and VA revealed a significantly better visual improvement in the group in whom the external limiting membrane (MLE) and ellipsoid zone (ZE) were intact (P=0.04), as well as in the group in whom serous retinal detachment (SRD) was absent (P<0.001). Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) was the most frequently observed vitreomacular anomaly. The final VA was similar in the groups with and without PVD (P=0.04)., Conclusion: The 3+PRN protocol is effective both functionally and tomographically in the treatment of DME. Various tomographic parameters might influence therapeutic efficacy. However, further in-depth studies are needed to better investigate these parameters., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Global warming and the disruption in ecosystems have been identified as the greatest threats to human health in the 21st century. Today, the French healthcare system accounts for 6.6% to 10% of overall greenhouse gas emissions in France. This system is currently not resilient and totally dependent on fossil fuels. Therefore, a transformation of the current system is needed in order to reduce the deterioration of populations' health. Medical education and pedagogy have been identified as a major solution for the ecological transformation of the healthcare system. The introduction of early education on ecology and environmental health in the first and second cycles of medical studies is a major lever for action. From the third cycle of medical studies, and more specifically in pathology, it is essential to teach this topic to residents and experienced pathologists, whether in "theoretical teaching" or "applied to the medical specialty". The aim of this review is to identify the educational programs and training currently available in the medical courses and at the post-graduate level, regarding ecology/environmental health and the consequences on human health. Then, we will detail more specifically the pedagogical perspectives and training opportunities for pathology residents and pathologists., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Literature can be a fruitful source of inspiration for rethinking ageing. Two literary short stories, one by Thomas Mann, the other by Stefan Zweig, offer two original portraits of an old man, which may lead some to reconsider the relationship between old age and passion, and to restore the humanity of the figure of the old man., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To evaluate the corneal sensitivity of black diabetic patients and identify factors associated with changes in corneal sensitivity., Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional comparative case-control study at the National Obesity Center of the Yaounde Central Hospital and the Djoungolo District Hospital from March 1 to July 31, 2022. Corneal sensitivity was measured using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer in all diabetic patients over 18 years of age, matched for age and sex to a clinically healthy control population. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 software. A P-value of less than 5% was considered significant., Results: A total of 111 diabetic and 111 non-diabetic patients participated in the study. The mean age was 53.46±12.74 years for diabetics and 52.85±11.77 years for non-diabetics (P=0.901). The mean duration of diabetes was 6.4±5.30 years. Corneal sensitivity in diabetics was lower (44.56±9.59mm) compared to non-diabetics (53.59±6.30mm) with a statistically significant difference (P=0.000). Factors associated with decrease in corneal sensitivity in diabetics were duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control., Conclusion: Decrease in corneal sensitivity related to diabetes is a complication to be systematically screened for during the ophthalmologic follow-up of diabetic patients., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Geriatric in-patient dermatoses are diverse. Few data in Morocco describe the epidemiological profile and factors associated with average length of stay (LOS). Our aim was to identify these dermatoses and determine the factors associated with LOS., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The professional didactic offers a perspective to understand human activity and its adaptation to reality. Two master's research studies in health explored the activity of trainers in nursing training institute during nursing students' internships. These studies highlight the evolution of mentoring practices in the context of nursing education reform. The findings emphasize the importance of reflective guidance and inquiry to promote reflexivity and learning among nursing students. This approach contributes to the professionalization of trainers and clinical mentors, facilitating the transition between theory and practice for students., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The use of technical aids has a positive impact on the autonomy and quality of life of elderly or disabled people, and is also beneficial for the caregivers and professionals who support them. Nevertheless, there are still major obstacles to their use, notably a general lack of information on technical aids. This observation led us to produce a set of information tools to help people better understand these aids and how to use them., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

This article examines the integration of a Clinical Nurse Reasoning (CNR) model into advanced nursing practice training to develop the clinical reasoning skills of advanced practice nurses. The article explores the contribution of Callista Roy's conceptual model of adaptation and presents a global analysis of a complex care situation that justifies the introduction of an CNR model paired with nursing knowledge to ensure comprehensive, quality nursing care., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

There are three stages in the professionalization process for nurses, within which academic training and nursing science are developing. The evolution of initial training and the 2025 referential will require an integrative alternation that will reinforce skills. The professionalization of students should be based on the analysis of professional practices, in a caring and ecological environment for individuals., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem. However, the management of patients with CKD is confined to the diagnosis of the disease and its conventional treatment by dialysis or renal transplantation. The aim of this article is to describe the specific characteristics of patients suffering from kidney disease and to determine their needs according to the stage of their renal disease., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Perinatal psychiatry is now defined in the French Public Health Code as joint parent-baby care. It focuses on parent-baby interactions, the baby's development and the parents' psychological health. "Mobile teams" for joint (parent-baby) care, the very first of which date back to the 1990s, have been developed modestly thanks to the call for perinatal psychiatry projects in 2021 and those for child and adolescent psychiatry since 2019. These mobile units complement full-time outpatient and inpatient joint care units., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Ocular toxocariasis is a rare disease, predominantly affecting children and young adolescents, and usually presenting as unilateral posterior uveitis. We report the case of a child with toxocariasis associated with serous retinal detachment., Observation: A 8-year-old child with no previous history of toxocariasis was referred for a 1-year decline in visual acuity, unimproved by optical correction, with vitreous condensation on examination, without central or peripheral granulomas, and serous retinal detachment on OCT. The diagnosis was made after extensive questioning, with evidence of contact with dogs and positive serology. Medical treatment combining corticosteroid therapy and antiparasitic therapy was initiated, and the clinical picture improved., Discussion: Ocular toxocariasis is a rare infection, unilateral in 90% of cases. Its clinical manifestation in children is pars planitis, posterior uveitis with a posterior pole chorioretinal focus associated with vitreoretinal traction and/or peripheral granuloma. In our case, the patient presented with vitreous condensation only, with OCT serous retinal detachment and no peripheral or central granulomas. Positive plasma serology or ocular samples confirmed the diagnosis., Conclusion: Ocular toxocariasis should not be ruled out in the absence of a typical clinical picture, and seropositivity enables confirmation of the diagnosis when clinical suspicion arises., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The Impact program aims to structure the care provided by advanced practice nurses (APNs) for people with chronic illnesses, based on the humanistic health partnership model. This model, based on patient partnership, is enriched by measurement tools that take into account four determinants of adaptation to chronic illness. Impact aims to improve patient partnership, individualize care and integrate IPAs into a research dynamic., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between refraction and ocular axial length in albinos., Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out from June to November 2021 at the Central Hospital of Yaounde (Cameroon), which included consenting albino subjects aged over 15years. All subjects underwent visual acuity testing, axial length measurements and objective refraction under cycloplegia., Results: We included 51 albino subjects. The mean age was 26.06±9.47years, and the sex ratio was 0.5. Type 2 oculocutaneous albinism (OCA2) was predominant, representing 82.4% of cases. The mean uncorrected visual acuity was 0.93±0.25 logMAR, and the most common ametropia was myopic astigmatism (52.9%). The mean axial length was 24.65±2.54mm with extremes of 21.54 and 30.33mm. Eyes with myopia and myopic astigmatism had significantly longer axial lengths than those with hyperopic and mixed astigmatism. A strong, significant negative correlation (r=-0.93; P˂0.001) between the spherical component of the refraction and axial length was found., Conclusion: The spherical component of the refraction decreases significantly with increasing axial length in albinos., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)