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Objective: Mobile devices are sources of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that cause increasing concern among scientists about human health, especially with the long-term use of mobile phones.With regard to this issue, the potential adverse health effects, particularly on brain function have raised public concern. There is considerable evidence that natural compounds have neuro-protective effects due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Growing evidence suggests that crocin as a natural bioactive compound can be considered a potential therapeutic agent against various neurologic disorders. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of crocin on the cerebellum after exposure to EMF. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four Male Balb/c mice were divided into control group, EMF group (2100 MHZ), EMF +Crocin group (2100 MHZ+50 mg/kg), and crocin group (50 mg/kg). The animals in the EMF and EMF+Crocin groups were exposed continuously for 30 days to an EMF 120 min/day. After 30 days, cerebellar cortex was evaluated by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical methods.Results: The results showed that 30 days of exposure to EMF had no significant effect on Purkinje cell size. However, EMF reduced significantly the diameter of astrocytes and increased Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression compared to the controls (p

Objective: Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of Ocimum basilicum (O. basilicum) against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures were investigated. Materials and Methods: Mice were divided as follows: (Group 1) Control, (Group 2) PTZ, (Groups 3-5) 50,100 and 200 mg/kg hydro-ethanolic (HE) extract, and (Groups 6-8) 200 mg/kg ethyl-acetate (EAF), N-hexane (NHF) and water (WF) fractions. Minimal clonic seizures (MCS) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) latencies were measured. Biochemical and histological studies were done.Results: MCS and GTCS latency in HE groups were longer than the PTZ group (p

Introduction: This study aimed to emphasize the challenges in the error reporting system as one of the professionalism codes in clinical settings in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: In total, 23 focused group discussion sessions were conducted with 85 faculty members, assistants, and interns, as well as 165 staff members in 2016. The participants were selected using a purposeful sampling method. Furthermore, the views of four faculty members were gathered again via emails in 2020 to ensure data accuracy. The extracted codes were managed using conventional content analysis through MAXQDA software. Results: Analysis of participants' discussions led to the identification of 105 codes, which were classified into six sub-categories and two main categories, including "barriers to reporting errors of peers " and "barriers to self-reporting errors". Conclusion: Most of the non-reporting errors are due to participant’s concerns. Such concerns are generally the result of poor system management or are merely misunderstandings; accordingly, errors' addressing only requires gaining a person's trust. The seriousness of the system in persuading people to report errors is one of the most important ways to gain a person's trust.

Objective(s): The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential of the non-oxidized form of zinc nanoparticles (Zn NPs) prepared by a ‘green approach’ using the Lavandula vera extract with microwave irradiation.Materials and Methods: After synthesis of Zn NPs, the microdilution and disk diffusion methods was applied for antimicrobial evaluation followed by anti-biofilm activity measurement using crystal violet colorimetric assay procedure.Results: The obtained results demonstrated the production of spherical Zn NPs within the size range of 30-80 nanometers. The measured minimum inhibitory concentration of the Zn NPs and ZnSO4 against the biofilm-producing and clinically isolated pathogens of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis was estimated to be more than 2560 µg/ml. In addition, a non-significant increase (P>0.05) was observed in the antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus after the addition of the Zn NPs (500 µg/disk) to the antibiotic discs containing tobramycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, azithromycin, and kanamycin compared to ZnSO4. On the other hand, the Zn NPs significantly decreased the biofilm formation of P. mirabilis compared to P. aeruginosa (PConclusion: To sum up, the biofilm inhibitory activity of Zn NPs at higher concentrations than 160 µg/ml against S. aureus and P. mirabilis was more significant compared to the inhibitory effects of ZnSO4. However, further investigations are required in order to determine the antibacterial and anti-biofilm mechanism of Zn NPs.