1. Mixed Meal and Intravenous L-Arginine Tests Both Stimulate Incretin Release Across Glucose Tolerance in Man: Lack of Correlation with β Cell Function
- Author
-
Hartmut Ruetten, Mathias Gebauer, Ralph H. Raymond, Roberto A. Calle, Claudio Cobelli, Atalanta Ghosh, R. Paul Robertson, Sudha S. Shankar, Myrlene A. Staten, Darko Stefanovski, Adrian Vella, Kathryn Wright, David A. Fryburg, Richard Bergman, Roberto Calle, Mark Farmen, Atalanta Gosh, Ilan Irony, Douglas Lee, Frank Martin, Malene Hersloev, Kolaczynski Jerzy, Stephanie Moran, David Polidori, Ralph Raymond, Sudha Shankar, Myrlene Staten, Lilit Vardanian, Gordon Weir, Marjorie Zakaria, Mark Deeg, David Kelley, Peter Savage, Nicole Spear, Maria Vassileva, and Sanya Whitaker
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,0301 basic medicine ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,β cell function ,Time Factors ,Arginine ,Enteroendocrine Cells ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Incretin ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ,Type 2 diabetes ,Mixed meal ,Glucagon ,Gastrointestinal Hormones ,Prediabetic State ,Eating ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ,Insulin-Secreting Cells ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Peptide YY ,Insulin secretion ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Correction ,Postprandial Period ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Administration, Intravenous ,business ,Biomarkers ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
The aims of this study were to 1. define the responses of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, and peptide YY (PYY) to an oral meal and to intravenous L-arginine; and 2. examine correlation of enteroendocrine hormones with insulin secretion. We hypothesized a relationship between circulating incretin concentrations and insulin secretion.Subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 23), prediabetes (PDM, n = 17), or with type 2 diabetes (T2DM, n = 22) were studied twice, following a mixed test meal (470 kCal) (mixed meal tolerance test [MMTT]) or intravenous L-arginine (arginine maximal stimulation test [AST], 5 g). GLP-1 (total and active), PYY, GIP, glucagon, and β cell function were measured before and following each stimulus.Baseline enteroendocrine hormones differed across the glucose tolerance (GT) spectrum, T2DM generallyNGT and PDM. In response to MMTT, total and active GLP-1, GIP, glucagon, and PYY increased in all populations. The incremental area-under-the-curve (0-120 min) of analytes like total GLP-1 were often higher in T2DM compared with NGT and PDM (35-51%; P 0.05). At baseline glucose, L-arginine increased total and active GLP-1 and glucagon concentrations in all GT populations (all P 0.05). As expected, the MMTT and AST provoked differential glucose, insulin, and C-peptide responses across GT populations. Baseline or stimulated enteroendocrine hormone concentrations did not consistently correlate with either measure of β cell function.Both MMTT and AST resulted in insulin and enteroendocrine hormone responses across GT populations without consistent correlation between release of incretins and insulin, which is in line with other published research. If a defect is in the enteroendocrine/β cell axis, it is probably reduced response to rather than diminished secretion of enteroendocrine hormones.
- Published
- 2018