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The article presents a study which aims to examine the physical activity (PA) promotion of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), considering practical and theoretical situation. A cross-sectional test was conducted in examining the application of PMT among 800 Australian adults. The results indicate that PMT may not be useful as a model in the promotion of PA behavior, considering other moderating variables, such as ethnicity and income.

The article cites a study that identifies key demographic and health factors associated with physical activity (PA) participation in adults diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes recruited from the Canadian Diabetes Association of Alberta, Canada. The study uses multiple and logistic regression models to identify demographic and health factors related to PA levels, and the analyses were conducted separately for type 1 and type 2 groups. The study shows that a 63.7% of those with type 1 and 71.9% for those with type 2 diabetes were not achieving recommended PA levels.

Purpose: Fatigue is a common and potentially disabling symptom in patients with cancer. It can often be effectively reduced by exercise. Yet, effects of exercise interventions might differ across subgroups. We conducted a meta-analysis using individual patient data of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to investigate moderators of exercise intervention effects on cancer-related fatigue., Methods: We used individual patient data from 31 exercise RCT worldwide, representing 4366 patients, of whom 3846 had complete fatigue data. We performed a one-step individual patient data meta-analysis, using linear mixed-effect models to analyze the effects of exercise interventions on fatigue (z score) and to identify demographic, clinical, intervention- and exercise-related moderators. Models were adjusted for baseline fatigue and included a random intercept on study level to account for clustering of patients within studies. We identified potential moderators by testing their interaction with group allocation, using a likelihood ratio test., Results: Exercise interventions had statistically significant beneficial effects on fatigue (β = -0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.22 to -0.12). There was no evidence of moderation by demographic or clinical characteristics. Supervised exercise interventions had significantly larger effects on fatigue than unsupervised exercise interventions (βdifference = -0.18; 95% CI -0.28 to -0.08). Supervised interventions with a duration ≤12 wk showed larger effects on fatigue (β = -0.29; 95% CI, -0.39 to -0.20) than supervised interventions with a longer duration., Conclusions: In this individual patient data meta-analysis, we found statistically significant beneficial effects of exercise interventions on fatigue, irrespective of demographic and clinical characteristics. These findings support a role for exercise, preferably supervised exercise interventions, in clinical practice. Reasons for differential effects in duration require further exploration.

Background: Supervised physical activity (PA) improves short-term health outcomes in cancer survivors, but longer-term adherence is rarely achieved., Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of adding behavioral counseling to supervised PA in kidney cancer survivors (KCSs)., Methods: Thirty-two KCSs were randomized to a 4-week supervised PA program plus standard exercise counseling (SPA + EC group; n = 16) or a 4-week supervised PA plus behavioral counseling based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (SPA + BC group; n = 16). The primary outcome was self-reported PA at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were quality of life, anthropometric measures, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical function., Results: Follow-up rates for outcomes at 12 weeks were 88% and 94% for fitness testing and questionnaires, respectively. Adherence to the interventions was 94% in both groups with a 6% attrition rate. Analyses of covariance revealed that PA minutes at 12 weeks favored the SPA + BC group by +34 minutes (95% confidence interval, -62 to 129), which was a small effect size (d = 0.21) not reaching statistical significance (P = .47). Moreover, the SPA + BC group increased their 6-minute walk by 48 m more than the SPA + EC group (95% confidence interval, 1-95; d = +0.64; P = .046). There were no significant changes in quality of life measures., Conclusions: This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that adding behavioral counseling to supervised PA in KCSs is feasible and may improve PA and fitness in the short-term. Larger and longer-term trials are needed., Implications for Practice: Oncology nurses may consider adopting behavioral counseling strategies in addition to supervised PA to motivate KCSs to maintain PA.

Background: Few research studies have focused on physical activity in young-adult cancer survivors despite the potential long-term health consequences of inactivity in this population., Objective: Understanding the unique physical activity programming and counseling preferences of young-adult cancer survivors may inform future research as well as nursing practice., Methods: Participants were 588 young-adult cancer survivors (20-44 years old) who completed a mailed survey in the province of Alberta, Canada, that assessed physical activity preferences and standard demographic and medical variables., Results: Most young-adult cancer survivors indicated that they were interested (78%) and able (88%) to participate in an activity program. Young-adult cancer survivors also preferred receiving activity counseling from a fitness expert at the cancer center (49.6%), information by brochure (64%), starting activity after treatment (64%), walking (51%), doing activity with others (49%), and doing activity at a community fitness center (46%). The χ analyses indicated that younger cancer survivors (20-29 vs 30-39 vs 40-44 years) were less likely to prefer walking (P < .001), more interested in receiving information (P = .002), and more likely to prefer receiving information by e-mail (P = .044) or Internet (P = .006)., Conclusions: Young-adult cancer survivors show interest in receiving physical activity counseling. There were some consistent programming preferences, although other preferences varied by demographic and medical factors., Implications for Practice: Nurses may play a key role in promoting physical activity in young-adult cancer survivors. Understanding the physical activity preferences of young-adult cancer survivors may help nurses make practical recommendations and referrals.

Purpose of Review: Maintaining recommended levels of physical activity throughout the lifespan is an important public health objective, considering this behaviour is positively associated with both physical and mental health across all age groups. This article provides an overview of selected publications with an exclusive focus on research relating to physical activity promotion published in the past 18 months., Recent Findings: Physical activity can be integrated during the life-course of individuals through recreational, transportation and occupational activities. A growing body of research on social-cognitive theories continues to inform the conceptualization and development of physical activity interventions., Summary: Transitions during the life-course provide numerous challenges and opportunities for physical activity interventions. Multiple-level approaches across various settings and modes of delivery need to be taken into account to keep individuals active.

Objective: Limited research has identified theoretical correlates of physical activity (PA) change in patients not receiving cardiac rehabilitation. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether changes in self-efficacy, PA intention, perceived severity and susceptibility, and PA benefits/barriers were associated with changes in PA over a 12-month period in these patients., Methods: Patients (N = 555) not attending cardiac rehabilitation completed a psychosocial questionnaire in hospital and 6 and 12 months after hospitalization for a cardiac event., Results: Hierarchical regression analyses showed that the increase in PA from baseline to 6 months was significantly related to an increase in self-efficacy and PA intentions and a decrease in the impact of health-related barriers. Furthermore, the decrease in PA from 6 to 12 months was significantly related to a decrease in health-related benefits and PA intentions and an increase in time and health-related barriers. Finally, the increase in PA from baseline to 12 months was significantly related to an increase in health-related benefits and intentions and a decrease in health-related barriers., Conclusions: Changes in PA levels over a 12-month period were associated with changes in various theoretical variables. Interestingly, the associations among these variables with PA varied as a function of time after hospitalization.