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This paper proposes a six-step maturity ladder for inter-organizational collaborative capability in crisis management and response operations. The paper argues that collaborative crisis management and response can be seen as a case of complex adaptive systems, where awareness of the organizational context of crisis response, technical interoperability, and individual relations are drivers that enable rapid and successful mobilization of crisis response. The maturity ladder provides a link between the capabilities necessary for collaboration possessed by individual crisis response entities and the overall system maturity in terms of collaborative crisis management capability. It can inter alia be used as a basis for a discussion when inter-organizational exercises are appropriate and when focus must remain on the development of the capabilities of individual crisis response entities., Funding Agencies|Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency [2016-1598]

This paper studies tasks-in-process (Breen, 1989) to examine the impact of pedagogical materials on the ongoing interaction. In order to understand the affordances provided by pedagogical materials, it is important to analyze how students use these materials in the classroom (see Kunitz et al., 2022). Drawing on video-recorded data from EFL students’ dyadic interactions in Swedish upper secondary schools, this study-in-progress uses multimodal conversation analysis to examine and compare the affordances of two types of pedagogical materials (cut-out pictures and actual material objects) in an oral task designed to foster the practice of students’ interactional competence (Pekarek Doehler, 2018) in the L2. Using a task-based language framework (Ellis, 2003) and a blueprint for open-ended problem-based tasks (Berggren et al., 2023), oral tasks were designed with a focus on manipulating the task input to compare how differences in the materiality of pedagogical artefacts might impact the ongoing task-based interactions in different ways. Previous (Kunitz et al., 2022) and ongoing observations (Hoskins & Kunitz, 2023) suggest that the students seemingly orient to and make relevant the materials both verbally and embodiedly as they engage in collaborative imagining (Murphy, 2005). More specifically, the students co-construct imaginative stories around the items represented on cut-outs and around the material objects provided in the task input. In the case of the cutouts, the students orient to their visual appearance to identify the items represented on the pictures and may exploit visual features to provide alternative identifications while they make sense of the potential roles of the identified items in the developing story. It is further hypothesised that the specific features of material objects also play a role in the developing story. The findings contribute to our understanding of the role of pedagogical materials in the EFL classroom and the impact of task d

Through learning, policy actors can maintain, reinforce, or revise their beliefs and positions about the design and outcomes of policies. This paper critically analyzes factors influencing policy learning by comparing policy processes of two EU laws of the recent "Fit for 55" climate package: (i) revised provisions on increasing energy efficiency in companies included in the recast Energy Efficiency Directive and (ii) the new FuelEU Maritime regulation provided for decarbonizing maritime shipping. Learning across coalitions with competing beliefs was encountered in the first case but not in the other despite similar institutional settings. The difference is attributed to a more politicized debate on decarbonizing shipping, leading to consensus through bargaining instead of deliberation, and a circumscribed leader of one coalition, with a less flexible negotiation mandate. The paper adds to the theory on policy learning, suggesting that levels of politicization and polarization, as well as the mandates of the coalition leaders, influence cross-coalition learning., Funding Agencies|Energimyndigheten [P2021-00238]; Swedish Energy Agency

From charting out climate change mitigation pathways to estimating price risks associated with the social cost of carbon, as environmentally concerned citizens of the twenty-first century, we live in a culture of foresight. Because of a growing integration of an ever-wider sample space of possible climate futures into the present, historical experience has become seemingly irrelevant for effectively predicting where our climate transitions are headed, in effect restricting our sense of futurity to its performativity in the present. What has been surprisingly absent as a theoretical and methodological approach among sociologists, however, are treatments of the performativity of the future as the expression of a historical praxis for prognosis, with its own mode of disclosure. By interrogating the temporal structure of anticipation that characterizes computer-based simulations of emissions scenarios, the paper illustrates how this praxis discloses the future in accordance with the grammatical tense of the future perfect. It then argues that this relationship between past and future is the cultural product of a historically particular set of prognostic techniques and technologies, namely, model-based scenario analysis. Against this background, the paper seeks to contribute to the rehabilitation of the relevance of historical experience by historicizing the social ontological status of the future that theories of performativity take as their starting point., Funding Agencies|Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Foundation [MAW 2022.00700], Negotiating climate emergency: Understandings of temporality in science, public debates, and politics

Against the backdrop of shrinking populations, new strategies for maintaining services of general interest in European rural areas are required at both a European and a German level. With regard to this, the field of post -school education as a service of general interest is seen as playing an important role with considerable effects on regional development processes. Educational institutions, traditionally highly centralised, have been shown to influence decisions on staying in or leaving rural areas and thus can further intensify regional demographic developments. In this paper, we examine two examples of post -school educational opportunities in Scotland and Sweden that have been able to establish themselves in a rural setting affected by shrinking trends. Our interpretation is that the continued stability of these examples is due to the ability of local actors to utilise local resources in a meaningful way. The aim of this paper is therefore to contribute to a structured understanding of how local actors manage limited resources to provide services of general interest in the environment of rural, sparsely populated regions in the long term. To enable a systematised analysis of our data, we use an analytical framework originally developed to understand the resources generated by informal planning practices in rural areas., Funding Agencies|Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL)

With the purpose of analysing Swedish companies' adherence and adoption of the information security standard ISO 27001 and to examine the communicative constitution of preventive innovation in organisations, we have created a corpus of corporate texts from Swedish company websites. The corpus was analysed from multiple interdisciplinary perspectives in close cooperation with management researchers and SweClarin researchers using SweClarin tools and resources as well as standard language technology tools. Some analyses require deep reading, which was performed by management researchers, often guided by results from language analyses. Initial results have been presented at a management studies conference. In this paper, we focus on presenting the research issues, the methods used in the project, the results, and the experience of SweClarin researchers supporting researchers in social sciences. Our contribution is to show how it is possible, through the integration of human insights and digital methods, to increase the credibility and validity of a digitally acquired data set and subsequent research findings. In our view, a combination of human deep reading (management researchers), contextual lexical verification (management studies) and language technology (content and sentiment analysis) can help to sensitise computational text analysis for medium-sized data sets.

Purpose Surprisingly little is known of the various methods of security analysis used by financial analysts with industry-specific knowledge. Financial analysts’ industry knowledge is a favored and appreciated attribute by fund managers and institutional investors. Understanding analysts’ use of industry-specific valuation models, which are the main value drivers within different industries, will enhance our understanding of important aspects of value creation in these industries. This paper contributes to the broader understanding of how financial analysts in various industries approach valuation, offering insights that can be beneficial to a wide range of stakeholders in the financial market. Design/methodology/approach This paper systematically reviews existing research to consolidate the current understanding of analysts’ use of valuation models and factors. It aims to demystify what can often be seen as a “black box”, shedding light on the valuation tools employed by financial analysts across diverse industries. Findings The use of industry-specific valuation models and factors by analysts is a subject of considerable interest to both academics and investors. The predominant model in several industries is P/E, with some exceptions. Notably, EV/EBITDA is favored in the telecom, energy and materials sectors, while the capital goods industry primarily relies on P/CF. In the REITs sector, P/AFFO is the most commonly employed model. In specific sectors like pharmaceuticals, energy and telecom, DCF is utilized. However, theoretical models like RIM and AEG find limited use among analysts. Originality/value This is the first paper systematically reviewing the research on analyst’s use of industry-specific stock valuation methods. It serves as a foundation for future research in this field and is likely to be of interest to academics, analysts, fund managers and investors.

This paper aims to contribute to a qualitative understanding of rescaling and its impact on planning strategies and governance relations across scales. By investigating the effects of rescaling for the old scale 'left behind' - through the case of public transport planning in Sweden - this paper illustrates how rescaled tasks continue to engage the scale 'left behind' (and is a source of 'tensions'), long after a rescaling process has taken place. Through the lens of rescaling, three main points of discussion are highlighted in the paper: Firstly, processes of rescaling are intertwined with policy layering, and can as such be a source of both 'good and evil' for the continued planning on the scale 'left behind'. Secondly, this calls for an increased geographical sensitivity in research when investigating the effects of rescaling, as the formal and practical outcomes of rescaling can be spatially unequal for planning bodies with similar formal mandates on the same scale. Thirdly, the development of governance relations and 'tensions' between new and old scales, are by no means static in time nor space, and calls for increased dialogue across planning scales to aid in the transition of responsibilities from the old to the new scale., Funding Agencies|Formas

Recent societal challenges highlight the importance of learning in organizations. Nurturing employee learning requires leaders who prioritize learning-oriented leadership. While many studies have used qualitative methods to study how this leadership is performed in daily work, there have been no previous attempts to synthesise this body of research. This paper presents a framework based on a review of 38 qualitative papers on how leaders facilitate workplace learning. The frameworkidentifies two elements of leadership: direct leadership behaviors, which involve supporting, educating, making demands, and role modelling, and indirect leadership behaviors, which facilitate learning through building a learning climate, influencing work organization, freeing up resources for learning, and encouraging knowledge dissemination. The review finds that situational factors shape learning-oriented leadership, and that this leadership involves the deployment of activities located on a planned-spontaneous continuum to facilitate learning. Longitudinal studies across professional groups and contexts will deepen our understanding of this concept., Funding Agencies|Forskningsradet om Halsa, Arbetsliv och Valfard [2020-01482]

The paper examines the cases of technology-mediated assertion of citizenship in Ukraine and Belarus in 2020-2022. Through the lens of the theory of socio-technical systems, the citizenship agency is described in terms of choice, voice, and engagement: choice of performing citizenship under pressure; use of technology to raise the voices of civil society, build up the cooperation networks and engage others in the proactive problem-solving. This chapter presents a case study of citizen practices in Ukraine and Belarus that illustrate how citizen acts of engagement, cooperation, and creation of technology-empowered services affect the social and political agenda in both countries. Such an analysis aims to shed light on the transformation of citizen agency in post-Soviet societies and the role of citizen engagement in changing the course of the Russian war for domination in the region. The paper explores relational and performative perspectives of technology-mediated citizen participation in the realm crossing civil society, policymaking, and defence. The case of Ukraine explains how citizens’ technology-mediated participation contributes to resisting Russian aggression in terms of engagement in local communities involving national defence. Citizen activation, using digital technologies in cooperation with authorities matters critically for the collective reconstruction of the country after the war, on the one hand, and for developing an active civil society essential for strengthening of their democratic institutions, on the other. The case of Belarus reveals some signs on how the civil society creates and protects citizenship agency in adverse and repressive conditions, through strategies, tools and services parallel to- or replacing the authoritarian institutions. Our analysis of technology-enabled cooperation between Belarusian civil society in exile and those inside Belarus contributes to understanding of global citizenship mediated by technologies

IntroductionInternet-based psychological treatments for depression have been around for more than 20 years. There has been a continuous line of research with new research questions being asked and studies conducted.Areas coveredIn this paper, the author reviews studies with a focus on papers published from 2020 and onwards based on a Medline and Scopus search. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) programs have been developed and tested for adolescents, older adults, immigrant groups and to handle a societal crisis (e.g. COVID-19). ICBT works in regular clinical settings and long-term effects can be obtained. Studies on different treatment orientations and approaches such as acceptance commitment therapy, unified protocol, and tailored treatments have been conducted. Effects on quality-of-life measures, knowledge acquisition and ecological momentary assessment as a research tool have been reported. Factorial design trials and individual patient data meta-analysis are increasingly used in association with internet intervention research. Finally, prediction studies and recent advances in artificial intelligence are mentioned.Expert opinionInternet-delivered treatments are effective, in particular if therapist guidance is provided. More target groups have been covered but there are many remaining challenges including how new tools like artificial intelligence will be used when treating depression., Funding Agencies|Linkoping University

Over the last century, the South African state has periodically engaged in the practice of 'exempting' various migrants from their otherwise irregular immigration statuses. Always backed by official legislation, exemptions represent one way by which dominant capitalist interests have relied on the legitimacy of the state to meet their labour needs by sometimes employing undocumented migrants from the Southern African region. Through insights from sub-imperialism and bordering, this paper discusses historical case examples from policy articulations, parliamentary debates, secondary literature and archival materials. By exploring cross-national relationships of exploitation and differentiation, the paper argues that exemptions should be understood as attempts by which the contradictions of ubiquitous informal cross-border mobility and employment in a regime of unfree regional movement might be resolved. Exemptions also attest to the challenge of governing human mobility in a region invested with a historically vast infrastructure of producing, attracting as well as exploiting cheap migrant labour., Funding Agencies|Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien [LH2017-0028]; REMESO

Boundary spanners and boundary spanning activities have been established as key to enabling cross-sector collaboration. By means of a longitudinal study and a process approach to collaboration, the paper offers a novel perspective on interrelated acts of sensemaking and framing whereby boundary spanners representing different organisations and sectors deal with organisational and institutional differences when collaborating. The study focuses on Crossroads, an initiative aimed at addressing an emerging societal problem through cross-sector collaboration including the establishment of a Civil Society Public Partnership (CSPP). To establish and develop the CSPP, multiple boundary spanners representing different organisations and roles interact in a process of continuous negotiation of frames and meaning. The paper elucidates the implications of successive boundary spanning in cross-sector collaboration by highlighting the importance of reticulism, interactive framing, shared commitment, reflexivity, and adaptability.

Implementation of smart meters is revolutionizing traditional energy grids, promoting energy efficiency, and enabling two-way communication between energy suppliers and consumers. This paper presents a scoping review of smart meters investigating functional and non-functional expectations, benefits, drawbacks, and factors influencing implementation of smart meters. The study aims at providing an overview of existing research in this area and identify gaps and limitations in literature, especially in between smart meter literature and how consumers perceive smart meters. Through a scoping review process, 16 articles were selected for analysis. The findings highlight the importance of real-time information, remote monitoring, accuracy, privacy, and security in smart meter functionality. The benefits encompass improved customer awareness, energy efficiency, and grid stability, while the drawbacks include privacy concerns and limitations in current standards. Factors influencing adoption include cost-benefit analysis, regulatory policies, consumer awareness, and technical considerations. The study reveals research gaps related to long-term performance, social and psychological factors, diverse consumer segments, privacy and data security, economic viability, regional contexts, and stakeholder dynamics. Addressing these gaps will contribute to maximizing benefits of smart meters, informing policymakers, utility companies, and researchers for effective strategies in energy management and sustainability. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and underscores the need to understand consumers’ perspectives on smart meters.

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) and similar digital technologies are currently being implemented for automation of work processes in public service provision. Although RPA enables new empirical phenomena in the digital government context, automation of work is not a new and understudied phenomenon. In this paper, I claim that there is a risk that digital government researchers treat this phenomenon as being entirely new, omitting years of experiences made in other, related, fields of research. To prevent this risk, I call for digital government researchers to learn from adjacent research disciplines. I follow this call and present four ironies of automation, extracted from Lisanne Bainbridges iconic work from 1983, and relate these to the public service automation context, using examples of RPA in local government organizations. The ironies concern contradictions in the underlying views on humans and human error in the design of automated systems and human-automation interaction, as well as the consequences of human-automation interaction in terms of new tasks (monitoring and take-over), re-configurations of responsibilities, and de- and re-skilling of humans interacting with automated systems. These findings can guide digital government theorization and empirical research on public service automation. Learning from adjacent fields of research is important to better understand and cumulatively build knowledge on the characteristics and effects of public service automation. Learning from an established knowledge base is also important to avoid foreseeable project and implementation failures. The paper is concluded with suggestions on future research topics for digital government researchers interested in public service automation., Funding Agencies|AFA Forsakring, as part of the project "From Form to Robot?" [190200]

In this paper, we study the powerful imaginative space of the fossil-free society in Swedish climate policy discourse taking shape in collaboration between the Swedish government and industry actors. In 2017, the Swedish parliament decided that Sweden should arrive at net zero emissions of greenhouse gases by the year 2045, and an ambitious climate policy framework was adopted. We trace the promise attached to the sociotechnical imaginary of the fossil-free society as it is mobilized by the government initiative fossil-free Sweden (FFS) to gain support for industrial decarbonization. We build on analyses of roadmaps produced by FFS together with the Swedish steel, cement and petroleum industries, as well as semi-structured interviews with selected industry actors. We find that the roadmaps work as powerful ‘techniques of futuring’ which enable industry actors to anticipate the risks and opportunities attached to the fossil-free society while also contributing to shaping that society. The roadmaps effectively involve the industrial actors in the political project of decarbonization, but they also consolidate around an imagined future that is a techno-optimistic extension of the fossil-intensive present., Baserad på följande paper författat tillsammans med Eva Lövbrand: https://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1679153&dswid=1214, Vems omställning: det fossilfria samhällets platser, politik och etik

The new technologies under the name of Building Information Modelling (BIM) can be used to facilitate collaborations and have been predicted to be central in the digital revolution of the construction industry. However, BIM has been available for almost a decade, yet the industry still relies heavily on paper documents and the profession specific software BIM was supposed to replace. The resistance towards BIM has foremost been explained by organizational and collaboration problems but in this paper I will argue that BIM more importantly fails in changing how knowledge is produced, handled and negotiated. The paper builds on a case study of a consultancy company in Sweden and analyse professional practices inspired by concepts from the knowledge infrastructure framework (Edwards et al., 2013; Bowker, 2016). In this paper I explore how BIM sometimes successfully breaches established methods and challenges existing knowledge hierarchies while at other times fails to become embedded in everyday practices. BIM comes with embedded values and shift power relations due to different levels of IT knowledge. Feelings of pride in, and care for, craftmanship is shown to be crucial for when digital technology succeeds in, or fails to, change how data is reconfigured into knowledge as well as how knowledge is negotiated and ordered. With this paper I invite further discussion on how we can understand failure of digital technologies in relation to feelings of care as well as how it changes knowledge infrastructures.

Traces of the Holocaust in Sweden – including former refugee camps, cemeteries, schools, hospitals, etc. – can help to educate students and the wider public about the events of the Holocaust, its significance in Sweden in the past, and its relevance today. In my paper, I argue that ‘authentic sites’ of Nazi persecution – which are often regarded as the most pedagogically authoritative locations – are not only the places where the destruction and persecution were perpetrated (a conception that vests the power of authenticity with the perpetrators). Rather, I contend that ‘authenticity’ in relation to Nazi persecution (and the pedagogical potential carried with it) is conferred by the victims and survivors. ‘Authentic sites’ of Nazi persecution can thus be understood as sites of survival as well as destruction. As such, many ‘authentic sites’ of Nazi persecution exist in Sweden. Drawing on examples from my own and other scholars’ current research on places in Sweden where traces of the Holocaust may be found, as well as on grassroots efforts conducted by educators and activists, the paper explores, for example: theoretical and practical approaches to uncovering the significance of place and space; the potential of local history for teaching about broader, national and transnational histories of the Holocaust and Sweden’s complex connection with the Holocaust and its aftermath; and what can be or is already being done to enhance past and current efforts to educate the public about these important issues.

Ai technologies are increasingly used by artists and creatives, and they as any other (technological) artefacts are embedded with the values and practices part of their historical development. These, for example, include desensitized embodied orientations of being in the world, involving practices such as disregard, abuse, and exploitation of non-human (e.g. the climate) and human (e.g. gender and racialization in relation to power). Our relation to the world and how technologies get designed are formed by our socio-cultural practices, values and norms - such as the predominant human-centered value sets (with embedded imbalances in favouring some humans more than others) and the Euro-modern perception that assumes a divide between human culture and nonhuman nature [18, 19, 27]. Sustaining practices of embedding such values does not necessarily serve the kinds of futures we want to make in terms of democracy, environmental, and social sustainability, and we argue that they should be re-thinked and critiqued. Thus, in this paper, we develop a critique of Creative-Ai through exposing tensions in the artifacts and agents situated in the ’Creative-Ai phenomena’ through speculative care imaginaries and by taking a feminist post-humanist orientation. We address the question of how care imaginaries/speculations can help us to unpack these desensitized and human-centered values and practices potentially embedded in Creative-Ai. We hope this paper to spark discussions and imaginaries on alternative ways of being with and thinking about Creative-Ai technologies particularly through the lens of ’care’. We conclude by discussing alternative care imaginaries as a method to reveal and in turn diversify the value sets and perspectives engaged in constructing Creative-Ai in the communities partaking in constructing these emerging technologies., AI and the Artistic Imaginary (WASP HS)

This paper presents ongoing research that is part of a larger engaged research project which aims to investigate what public services are suitable for digitalization. The aim of our paper is twofold. First, we explore and describe citizens' core actions in their interaction with public organizations during application for public benefits. We develop a generic process model for how this interaction can be captured empirically. The model is based on a review of previous studies from e.g., channel choice, multi-channel management, and service management, and provides a holistic view of the core actions in public service delivery as seen from the perspective of the citizen. Second, we add a channel behavior dimension to this model to create a service blueprint template that can be used to capture and analyze citizens' multichannel behavior related to benefit application. Hereby we contribute to the digital government field with a research methodology for investigation of citizens' continuous channel behavior during public service encounters.

Governmental decision making is essential to maintain democracy. The decision making formats and processes are institutionalized and follow strict formats for participation, debate and decisions. The constraints and lock-downs due to the covid-19 pandemic led to an extensive increase in the use of digital meeting tools to maintain democratic decision making through virtual meetings. Our main approach in this paper is to inductively explore the changes that occur when democratic meetings take place on-line through a quantitative text analysis and interviews. We delimit our focus to speech duration in recorded meetings. We find that the virtual meeting format changed meeting characteristics compared to on-site meetings. There were some changes in speech duration among councilors which has to be further investigated in a larger sample. The main contribution of this paper is the method to measure actual speech duration and compare how virtual meetings may influence the organization of democratic meetings.

For time or safety critical scenarios when faulty predictions or decisions can have crucial consequences, such as in certain telecommunications scenarios, reliable prediction models and accurate data are of the essence. When modeling and predicting data in such scenarios, data with censored covariates remain an issue as ignoring them or imputing them with lack of precision may cause inaccurate or uncertain predictions. In this paper, we provide a fast, reliable Variational Autoencoder framework which can handle covariate censoring in high dimensional data. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that our framework compares favorably to alternative methods in terms of prediction accuracy for both the response and the covariates, while enabling estimation of the prediction uncertainties. We moreover demonstrate that the method is at least 8 times faster than the benchmark models used in this paper, and more robust to initial imputations and noise than existing models. The method can also be used directly for predicting unseen data, which is a challenge for some state-of-the-art methods., Funding Agencies|Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) - Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation

Workshops provide a flexible approach to study complex issues through socio-material practices and this paper discusses the methodological considerations involved in doing research through workshops. The paper builds on two research projects where workshops were used to study the practices of professionals’ use of digital tools at a consultancy firm and the everyday life of residents in a newly built city district. While the workshops targeted different groups and had different forms, they both made use of material expressions to visualise everyday practices. We reflect on how we can make use of workshops to study professional and everyday practices and how knowledge is enacted in the different workshops. Building on a socio-material relations approach we discuss our choices in designing workshops, the analytical processes involved and the consequences these choices have on what knowledge we create in interaction with the participants.

In this joint paper, we compare our respective research into two distinct collections of earlypost-war survivor testimonies gathered through interviews: The Wiener Library’s Eyewitness Accounts Collection in London, England, gathered in the mid-1950s, and the collection of The Polish Research Institute (PIZ) in Lund, Sweden, gathered in 1945 and 1946. Both initiatives grew out of work begun by their respective institutions before and during the Second World War by male scholars in exile – one a German-Jewish refugee-survivor (Dr Alfred Wiener), the other a Polish émigré (Dr Zygmunt Lakociński) – then living in other countries – England and Sweden respectively – who focused on collecting documentation of Nazi crimes. At different times following the war, the initiatives turned to collecting eyewitness accounts from Jewish and non-Jewish survivors through interviews. These efforts were led predominantly by female survivor interviewers from intellectual backgrounds, and in the case of the WienerLibrary’s collection, the project was also led by a woman, Eva Reichmann. In these ways, the two survivor historical commissions we examine are not unlike many others documentingthe Holocaust in the first decade after the end of the Second World War. What makes both our respective research and our collaboration in this paper distinctive is that we analyse not only the testimonies produced, but also the archival traces left behindby the interviewers from which we will draw our central argument. In their commentary about the testimonies, in correspondence with others involved in both projects, in minutes from organisational meetings, etc., we find evidence of how survivor-interviewers balanced academic objectivity and ‘fact extraction’ with empathy, and subjectivity with rationality. Key to our approach is how gender shaped the practices and methodology used in the interviewsand the dynamics between the survivor interviewers and witnesses. Finally, the initiatives atboth the PIZ a

Science Identity among Swedish secondary students Short Abstract – Paper 5 This paper presents Swedish data from a larger project, Relevance of Science Education – Second (ROSES). It is an international project which aims to explore students’ interest in, and motivation to learn, science and technology. The factor analyses show a group of students that believe it is important to learn about sustainability and that they can influence what happens. This also indicate some agency where students are willing to act as well as willing to sacrifice. Group of students show signs of science capital, a feeling of science being for them (Archer et al., 2010, 2015). The results will be further investigated and connected with theoretical developments. Especially variations between schools have been identified as an aspect of science capital which will be deepened in continued work., The symposium for the project Relevance of Science Education – Second was held at the conference IOSTE 2022. It was arranged by the project leaders from Sweden: Magnus Oskarsson, Mid Sweden University; Anders Jidesjö, Linköping University; Anna-Karin Westman, Mid Sweden University. The contributions in the seminar came from research groups in Sweden, Norway, Brazil, Spain/Colombia and Italy.

eGovernment continues to expand in the Swedish welfare state. Sweden aims to “become world leader in harnessing the opportunities of digital transformation” (Government Offices of Sweden, 2017 p.1), and is highly ranked in indexes measuring digital development such as UN’s e-Government Development Index and EU’s Digital Society and Economy Index. Digital development is still partly understood as ‘neutral’ and ‘progressive’. However, previous research on eGovernment and related fields have highlighted that governmental policies, institutions, and services are embedded in ideological imaginaries, which challenges the idea of technology as being value-neutral and without ideology (Schuilenburg & Peeters, 2020; Hintz et al., 2019; Verdegem & Fuchs, 2013). Still fewer have focused on questions about what citizenship ideals are imagined and pursued based on ideological grounds of eGovernment. A recent literature overview (Chen et al. 2021) has found that there is a lack of critical perspectives in digital citizenship studies. However, Isin and Ruppert (2020) offer a critical conceptualization of digital citizenship, that challenges the dominating conceptualizations which focus on internet-usage (Mossberger et al. 2007) and digital literacy (Ribble, 2015). While Isin and Ruppert (2020) argue that digital citizens come to existence through imaginary, legal, and performative dimensions, Mejer (2012) brought to discussion the prospective of a new type of citizen-driven production of public benefits that would transcend the traditional state-led welfare structures. This paper answers to the call for more critical perspectives on digital citizenship, by identifying and unpacking the imagined ideals of digital citizenship in the Swedish digital welfare state. Inspired by Isin and Ruppert’s (2020) conceptualization, Laclau & Mouffe’s (1985) discourse theory, and Schou and Hjelholt’s (2017) citizenship framing in the Danish context, this paper identifies and unpacks

Although there is rich literature on factors that affect participation and exit patterns ofindividuals in late working life, the emphasis on individual decision making rather thanemployer behaviour. However, the employer’s decision to hire or terminate the contracts playimportant role in unemployment and exit of the older workers in late working life.This paper aims to understand the link between the organizational structure and the sector ofthe companies in the companies’ employing behaviour of the older employees. Using Swedishregistry data that involves all companies in Sweden that have at least one gainful employeebetween the years 1990-2018, this study investigates how do age, gender, educationcomposition, sector and the scale of the company affect its likelihood of hiring and terminatingemployment of older employees by age, gender, and education.This paper shows that the likelihood of entry and exit of older employees differ among thecompanies in different sectors as well as with different age and education composition. Thiscontributes to the inequality among the groups that are structurally distributed in differentsectors or type of companies in late working life.

The transition from linear to circular economy not only requires industrial and service innovations, but it also demands a change of consumption habits with daily life implications. The customer experience with circular solutions is different from the ‘take-make-dispose’ consumption processes of the linear economy: product-service systems based on rental, repair, or recirculation prolong the usage of goods compared with the throw-away culture for example. But there is an issue of customer acceptance of such behavioral changes. Very few studies investigated factors related to the customer experience in the circular economy. There needs more research on circular economy practices which environmentally concerned consumers adopt voluntarily despite the personal trade-offs and the amount of extra work these practices entail. This paper seeks to better understand the differentiating factors in traditional versus circular economy consumption habits, and the role customer experience plays in influencing key outcomes (e.g., satisfaction). This paper is based on a framework from the customer experience literature (i.e., TCQ nomenclature developed by De Keyser et al. 2020), and on a case of ecological sanitation in urban households for the collection of human waste for transformation and valorization. The circular economy market based on recovering energy from human waste (e.g., transforming the nutrients contained in urine and feces into agricultural fertilizers) is estimated to reach $6 billion by 2030. We conducted 12 interviewees with users about their participation motives, their experience of using eco-sanitation and participating in the waste collection process (i.e., positive/negative customer values — cf. Leroi-Werelds 2019), and we collected 42 survey responses (about demographic and basic individual values, e.g., Schwartz’ PVQ) and 123 diary entries of ‘critical incidents’ providing detailed descriptions of the customer experience. All in all, the ecological sanitat

Urbanization has caused a historical transformation at a global scale, and humanity is moving towards a fully connected society where cities will concentrate population, infrastructure and economic activity. A key element in the cities’ infrastructure is the transportation system, as it facilitates the mobility of people and goods. Transportation systems are constantly generating data from, e.g., GPS, sensors and cameras, and the statistical modeling is challenging due to the complex structure and dynamics of the system, and the inherent uncertainty. In this thesis, we develop Bayesian models with applications to transportation. We specifically focus on models that can be trained on spatiotemporal data coming from transport networks to make predictions on, e.g., bus delays or the actual network topology. Special attention has been given to model scalability issues and uncertainty quantification. We have used real-world data from transportation systems in every study to keep a balance between statistical rigor, novelty, and applicability. The thesis consists of four papers. The first study presents a state-of-the-art probabilistic latent network model to forecast multilayer dynamic graphs. The model uses stochastic blockmodeling to reduce the computational burden, and is illustrated on a sample of 10-year data from four major airlines within the US air transportation system. In the second paper, we develop a robust model for real-time bus travel time prediction that departs from Gaussian assumptions by using Student-t errors, and show how Bayesian inference naturally allows for predictive uncertainty quantification in a highly stochastic environment. Experiments are performed using data from high-frequency buses in Stockholm, Sweden. The third paper shows the potential of multi-output Gaussian processes to tackle network-wide travel time prediction in an urban area. We develop a responsive online model based on a coregionalized covariance and test its accuracy on re, Urbaniseringen har orsakat en historisk förändring på en global skala, och mänskligheten går mot ett uppkopplat globalt nätverkssamhälle där städer kommer att koncentrera befolkning, infrastruktur och ekonomisk aktivitet. Ett nyckelelement i städernas infrastruktur är transportsystemet, eftersom det underlättar rörligheten av människor och varor. Transportsystem genererar ständigt data från tex. GPS, sensorer och kameror, och den statistiska modelleringen är utmanande på grund av systemets komplexa struktur och dynamik, samt dess naturliga osäkerheter. I denna avhandling utvecklar vi Bayesianska modeller med tillämpningar för transporter. Vi fokuserar specifikt på modeller som kan tränas på spatiotemporala data från transportnätverk för att göra prediktioner av t ex. bussförseningar eller verklig nätverkstopologi. Särskild uppmärksamhet har ägnats åt modellskalbarhetsfrågor och kvantifiering av osäkerhet. Vi har använt data från riktiga transportsystem i varje studie för att skapa en balans mellan statistisk korrekthet, praktiskt tillämpbarhet och vetenskaplig höjd. Avhandlingen består av fyra artiklar. Den första artikeln presenterar en probabilistisk latent nätverksmodell för att prognostisera dynamiska grafer med multipla lager. Modellen använder stokastisk blockmodellering för att minska beräkningsbördan, och illustreras på ett datamaterial bestånde av tio års data från fyra stora flygbolag inom det amerikanska lufttransportsystemet. I den andra artikeln utvecklar vi en robust modell för realtidsprognoser av bussförseningar genom att använda Student-t fördelning och vi visar hur Bayesiansk inferens ger en naturlig kvantifiering av osäkerhet i en mycket stokastisk miljö. Experiment utförs med hjälp av högfrekventa data från bussar i Stockholm. Den tredje artikeln visar potentialen hos fler-dimensionella Gaussiska processer för att generera nätverksövergripande prediktioner av trafikflöden i en tätortsmiljö. Vi utvecklar en responsiv onlinemodell baserad på en co, Funding agencies: This work was partially supported by the Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden. The computations were enabled by resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC), partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through grant agreement no. 2018-05973.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to give an account for preparative collaboration between the police and municipal eldercare in Sweden concerning missing persons with dementia. Design/methodology/approach Design/methodology/approach used was a qualitative case study design, consisting of one focus group with representatives for the participating organisations, followed by directed content analysis. Findings The findings showed a lack of current collaboration and reluctance to new collaborative initiatives. However, when focussing on preparative collaboration of coordinated responses to missing incidents, possibilities for improvement could be identified. The improvements concerned updated personnel response checklists, along with suggestions for an elaborate life story document in eldercare, with police access. Finally, better coordination of the return of the found person and a follow up were proposed. Research limitations/implications It is suggested that collaboration must be given different meanings and use different approaches adapted to the different phases in a rescue operation. In the preparation and the response phase, the focus should be on coordination of the resources available. In the pre-planning and prevention phases, as well as in evaluation and learning, horizontal collaboration is more suitable. The amount of data in this study is a research limitation which calls for further research. Practical implications It is suggested that collaboration must be given different meanings and use different approaches adapted to the different phases in a rescue operation. In the preparation and the response phase, the focus should be on coordination of the resources available. In the pre-planning and prevention phases, as well as in evaluation and learning, horizontal co-operation is more suitable. Originality/value The originality/value of this paper can be found in the novelty of missing person research in Sweden, and in practical suggestions for preparativ, Funding: Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency/Centre for Advanced research in Emergency response, (CARER), at Linkoeping University; Centre for Welfare Studies, CVS at University of Boras

In this paper we model the criminal standard of proof as a twofold standard requiring sufficient probability of the factum probandum and sufficient informativeness. The focus of the paper is on the latter requirement, and we use decision theory to develop a model for sufficient informativeness. We demonstrate that sufficient informativeness is fundamentally a question of information economics and switch-ability. In our model, sufficient informativeness is a cost-benefit-analysis of further investigations that involves a prediction of the possibility that such investigations will produce evidence that switches the decision from conviction to acquittal. Critics of the Bayesian approach to legal evidence have claimed that weight cannot be captured in a Bayesian model. Contrary to this claim, our model shows how sufficient informativeness can be modelled as a second order probability.

Collaboration across professional boundaries is an essential aspect of health care, and interprofessional education (IPE) is a common way to help increase students collaborative abilities. Research on how and when IPE should be arranged in a curriculum remains, however, inconclusive. How students actually develop interprofessional competencies have been difficult to demonstrate and is still an under-researched area. Studying IPE in context is therefore important to understand its full complexity. This paper examines how students work with scenarios from professional health care contexts when learning together in interprofessional problem-based learning tutorials during the first year of undergraduate education. The data are video-recorded tutorials of students from medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, speech and language pathology, and physiotherapy programmes. The analysis focuses on students discussing their readings of the literature. Drawing on "Communities of Practice," findings show that students discuss and connect professional knowledge, with "brokers" (the tutors) and "boundary objects" (scenarios) supporting the emergence of students professional knowledge. The scenarios, as boundary objects, also enabled the students to turn into brokers themselves. The paper contributes to research on interprofessional learning and offers support for implementing IPE in the early stages of undergraduate education.

In this paper, I question how a researcher might fulfil the unique adequacy requirement when studying novices in a setting in which the researcher is already a member. Since novices by definition lack the expected competencies in a setting, having unique adequacy for novice methods may appear oxymoronic. However, this paper suggests that unique adequacy requires enacting specific ways of seeing as part of accomplishing local order; once one is competent, it becomes difficult to enact incompetent action in a locally adequate way, suggesting one can actually lose unique adequacy. Furthermore, as any given situated involves a multifaceted set of competencies, exactly which or whose competencies are relevant is both an analysts and members issue to solve. With reference to examples, I discuss how analysts and members delimit the provinces of meaning in the process of finding what is locally adequate.

Sewage sludge management is torn between a desire for pollution prevention and reuse of a valuable resource. Reconciling these interests in sustainable management is a challenge for researchers. This study focuses on how research on sewage sludge management practices has evolved and scrutinizes how this research is interlinked with concerns and societal issues such as contaminants, economic efficiency, and legislation. Based on published academic papers on sewage sludge management between 1971 and 2019, this study found four trends in research focused on sewage sludge management: a decreasing interest in disposal (landfilling and sea dumping), a dominant interest in land application, a growing interest in sewage sludge as product, and a stable interest in energy recovery. Research on disposal focuses on increasing sludge volumes, legislative changes, and economic challenges with an interest in waste co-treatment. Research on land application concerns nutrient use and contaminants, mainly heavy metals. Research on sewage sludge as a product focuses on the extraction of certain resources and less on use of sewage sludge specifically. Research on energy recovery of sewage sludge focuses on volume reduction rather than contaminants. Two-thirds of the papers are detailed studies aiming to improve single technologies and assessing single risks or benefits. As management of sewage sludge is multifaceted, the narrow focus resulting from detailed studies promotes some concerns while excluding others. Therefore, this study highlights potential gaps such as the combination of nutrient use and disposal and energy recovery and nutrient use., Funding: Graduate School in Energy Systems - Swedish Energy Agency [P46028-1]; Swedish Research Council Formas, within the national research program Sustainable Spatial Planning [2018-00194]; Bio4-Energy

Konsumtionen av fast fashion-kläder har ökat och bidrar till en negativ påverkan på klimatet. EU-kommissionen har därför lagt fram strategin hållbara och cirkulära textilier som syftar till att göra fast fashion omodernt fram tills 2030. Syftet med uppsatsen är att kartlägga och analysera den svenska marknaden för fast fashion genom Structure-Conduct-Performance-modellen, samt att analysera marknadens framtid med och utan EU:s strategi i åtanke. Uppsatsen tillämpar en kombination av kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod. En viktig aspekt av metoden är att samla in empirisk data genom att utnyttja relevant information, statistik, akademiska rapporter och andra analyser från sekundära källor. Dessa metoder används för att beskriva fast fashion-marknaden och uppnå uppsatsens syfte. Marknadsanalysen utifrån SCP-modellen visar att marknaden har få regleringar som påverkar den direkt. Majoriteten av konsumenterna på marknaden är yngre kvinnor. På marknaden finns företag med både stabila och volatila samt positiva såväl som negativa vinstmarginaler. Samtliga företag strävar efter att effektivisera sitt produktionsled för att kunna anpassa sig till de senaste modetrenderna. Sammantaget kommer implementeringen av EU:s strategi att ha en betydande påverkan på framtiden för fast fashion-marknaden. Det är viktigt att notera att vinstmarginalen är den enda variabeln som inte kommer att förändras oavsett om EU:s strategi implementeras eller inte. Däremot kommer övriga aspekter av marknaden att se annorlunda ut beroende på strategins införande., The consumption of fast fashion-clothing has increased and contributes to a negative impact on the climate. The European Commission has presented the Sustainable and Circular Textiles Strategy, which aims to make fast fashion obsolete by 2030. The purpose of the paper is to map and analyze the Swedish market for fast fashion through the Structure-Conduct-Performance model, and to analyze the future of the market with and without the EU strategy in mind. The paper applies a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodology. An important aspect of the methodology is to collect empirical data by utilizing relevant information, statistics, academic reports and other analysis from secondary sources. These methods are used to describe the fast fashion market and achieve the purpose of the thesis. The market analysis based on the SCP model shows that the market has few regulations that affect it directly. The market includes companies with profit margins that can be both stable and volatile. All companies strive to streamline their production process in order to adapt to the latest fashion trends in time. Overall, the implementation of the EU strategy will have a significant impact on the future of the fast fashion-market. It is important to note that the profit margin is the only variable that will not change whether the EU strategy is implemented or not. However, other aspects of the market will look different depending on the implementation of the strategy.

This paper adopts a quantitative and qualitative lens, through which we explore the economic relationship between the region of Sub-Saharan Africa and China as a consequence of Chinese Foreign direct investments (FDI). Primarily, the paper’s direction, analysis, and discussions are dictated by the usage of primary and secondary data. Our primary data is constructed as a panel data set including GDP for 38 countries alongside the Chinese FDIs for each country during the period 2003-2021. Our secondary data includes already existing papers on topics related to our purpose and the data found in them. The main points include the economic development of Sub-Saharan Africa, the subsequent enforced Chinese economic policy, and further the gains China see from their strides into the region. In order to prove our hypothesis and research questions we've used econometric models.The panel data was used to conduct several time series regressions, where we further used different models and tests to get the best possible result Due to the fact that our regression shows a significant and positive correlation between economic growth in the region as a result of Chinese FDI, we can establish that past research is reinforced. Through the used model we’re enabled to look at the individual effects of every country in the region. In addition, by comparing these effects with the level of corruption and which type of income group the countries belong to, we can further highlight the fact that China tends to invest in countries who can offer something in return. Examples of such cases could be South Africa and Angola who are two of the biggest receivers of Chinese FDI in the region, which we, throughout the paper, attribute to the fact that they have an abundance of natural resources.

The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the scientific research field by explaining whether, and if so on what grounds, the Swedish targeted interest deduction limitation legislation can be tested in the European Court of Justice against the free movement of capital. In addition, the study examines whether there can be considered a mutual priority regarding the free movement of capital and the freedom of establishment. The study conducted in the paper is based on the Swedish law, the preparatory work and doctrine, which is combined with case law. Initially, the meaning of the targeted interest deduction limitation rules is presented as well as the theoretical scope of the legislation in relation to its scope in practice. The targeted interest deduction limitation rules are specific provisions addressing the deductibility of interest incurred by certain companies as a result of intra-group financing. The theoretical scope differs from the practical scope due to the vague conceptual definitions in both the legislative text and the preparatory works. Furthermore, it is analysed which determines when the free movement of capital and the freedom of establishment should be applied, based on the EU case law. The study indicates that the controlling interest must be given a significant weight when considering the purpose of the national legislation, but it is difficult to interpret exactly when such an interest occurs in practice. Lastly, it is studied whether it might be possible to review the targeted interest deduction limitation rules against the free movement of capital, and if so, on which grounds. The study shows that there are possibilities to review the targeted interest deduction limitation rules against the free movement of capital. There are incentives that indicate that such a review is possible if both Swedish and EU law practice is interpreted in a fairly narrow way., Syftet med uppsatsen är att bidra till det vetenskapliga forskningsfältet genom att redogöra för huruvida, och i så fall på vilka grunder, de svenska riktade ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna kan prövas gentemot den grundläggande EU-rättsliga fördragsfriheten beträffande fri rörlighet för kapitalrörelser. Därutöver undersöks om det kan anses föreligga en inbördes prioritet beträffande den fria rörligheten för kapital och etableringsfriheten. Den utredning som genomförs i uppsatsen tar avstamp i lagtext, förarbeten och doktrin, vilket kombineras med rättspraxis. Inledningsvis presenteras innebörden av de riktade ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna och hur lagreglernas teoretiska tillämpningsområde förhåller sig till dess tillämpningsområde i realiteten. De riktade ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna utgörs av särskilda bestämmelser vilka behandlar vissa företags avdragsmöjligheter beträffande räntor uppkomna till följd av, inom en intressegemenskap, intern finansiering. Det teoretiska tillämpningsområdet skiljer sig från tillämpningsområdet i realiteten till följd av vaga begreppsdefinitioner i såväl lagtext som i förarbeten. Vidare analyseras vad det är som avgör när fördragsfriheten den fria rörligheten för kapital respektive etableringsfriheten skall tillämpas, vilket tar avstamp i EU-rättslig praxis. Av utredningen framgår att det bestämmande inflytandet skall tillerkännas stor vikt vid beaktandet av de nationella lagreglernas ändamål, exakt när ett sådant inflytande föreligger är dock svårt att tyda i praxis. Avslutningsvis undersöks om det bör vara möjligt att göra en prövning av de riktade ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna gentemot den fria rörligheten för kapital, och i så fall på vilka grunder. Studien visar att det finns möjligheter att för att pröva de riktade ränteavdragsbegränsningsreglerna gentemot fördragsfriheten om fria kapitalrörelser. Det finns incitament som tyder p

Scholars widely agree that cities and their built environments play a decisive role for a global transformation towards sustainability. This necessitates a shift away from unsustainable practices and constellations in cities towards more sustainable ones - particularly in contexts of the Global South, as they see the strongest current and projected urban growth and related construction activities. Research on urban sustainability transitions has however largely been biased conceptually towards innovation and new technologies, and geographically towards the Global North. While more research recently emerged that addresses the destabilization of dominant orders, it still predominantly considers Northern cases, and those with discernible transition processes. This paper seeks to address these biases and studies factors that contribute to the (in)stability of socio-technical regimes. We argue that (de)stabilizing factors and the particular (in)stability configurations they form, must be scrutinised regardless of transition phase as they are ingrained in regime structures before transition processes become apparent. Identifying and characterizing (in)stability configurations and the seeds of destabilization can then support the development of contextualised transition governance strategies. Employing the building sector of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, as an empirical case, this study differentiates sources of (in)stability from economic, socio-cultural and political-institutional dimensions. Our analysis suggests an ambiguous (in)stability configuration with ten-sions primarily within the socio-cultural and economic dimensions, and a dominance of stabilizing effects from the political-institutional dimension. The paper closes with implications for transition governance strategies and general arguments on the heterogeneity of transition contexts and regime constellations, particularly in countries of the Global South., Funding Agencies|German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [BMBF FKZ 01LE1908A1]

For parts of the sparsely populated areas, the trends of globalisation, urbanisation and deindustrialisation constitute difficult circumstances. Population decline, escalating dependency ratios, lack of human and financial resources, and diminishing commercial and public services form part of lived experience in many of these areas. This paper discusses what geographers can do for these territories. The paper suggests that geographers can aid in understanding and demonstrating (a) how resources have been distributed in space over time and (b) why patterns of resource distribution take the shape they do. Geographers can also illuminate (c) what it means to live, work, and operate in shrinking, rural territories. Geographers could also (d) make implicit geographical imaginations explicit, (e) elucidate how shrinkage is dealt with by various policy actors, and (f) point to alternative policy directions. The paper also suggests that geographers in the Nordic countries could enrich an international research field of studies of shrinkage by (g) providing case studies or comparative studies from a Nordic context, This open access article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

BACKGROUND Divorce is associated with a weakened relationship between the child and the nonresident parent, usually the father. This loss of contact is likely to be even further exacerbated if this parent lives at a substantial distance from the child. OBJECTIVE This paper analyzes how the distance between children and nonresident parents, the year after a parental separation, has changed during a 40-year period in Sweden, and whether this is related to changes in child custody policies. METHODS We use Swedish population register data that includes exact geographical coordinates for children and their nonresident parents in the year after separation. We analyze how average distance and the likelihood of living very close to, or very far from, a nonresident parent has changed over this period, using OLS and logistic regression models. RESULTS Results show a gradual decrease in the distance between children and nonresident parents from the 1970s until the early 1990s, after which the trend stalled at a low level. In 2011, 50% of all children lived within 2 kilometers of their nonresident parent. We find no evidence of direct policy effects, indicated by any sudden changes in distance after the introduction of a new custody policy. High-income parents have changed their post -divorce residential patterns at a faster pace than low-income parents. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a diffusion process where distances between children and nonresident parents gradually decreased until the 1990s. CONTRIBUTION This paper demonstrates that the change has not been directly influenced by custody law reforms promoting dual parent responsibility., Funding Agencies|Forte: The Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare [2016-00511]; Swedish Research Council [2013-07681, 2019-00245, 2020-02488]; Linnaeus Center for Social Policy and Family Dynamics in Europe (Swedish Research Council) [349-2007-8701]; Statistics Sweden

Expressions of disgust have typically been studied as isolated faces or voices but rarely as embodied practices in everyday interaction. Building on multimodal interactional research on emotions and sensoriality, this paper addresses disgust as a unique topic at the intersection between psychological theory and interactional facts. A case of an adult enacting post-consumption disgust is analysed, detailing the transformation of the facial, auditory, and embodied expressions across interactional sequences and in collaboration with others. The paper showcases the variability of disgust expressions and their involvement in social actions such as displaying stamina or stoicism toward challenges.

The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth has been a popular topic in recent studies, with a considerable amount of literature conducted, although there still is no consensus regarding the relationship. Few studies have analysed the nuclear energy growth nexus with greenhouse gas emissions, and none have used the same method, data, and sample period. Therefore, there are still gaps in the literature regarding the Energy Growth Nexus, and this study provides a unique insight into the Swedish nuclear dilemma. The purpose of this paper is to study the causal relationship between economic growth and nuclear energy consumption, and the causality between greenhouse gas emissions and nuclear energy consumption, in Sweden. The results of which are used to discuss the future consequences a continued shutdown of Sweden’s nuclear power could have. Seven EU nations and two non-EU nations are included to be able to make comparisons to Sweden. This paper is based on a method of time series analysis by conducting Ordinary Least Squares-regressions in combination with Granger causality tests. Our results indicate that nuclear power granger cause growth in Belgium and the United Kingdom. Additionally, this study finds a bidirectional granger causality between greenhouse gas emissions and nuclear energy in the USA. The causal relationship between nuclear energy, economic growth, and greenhouse gas emissions in Sweden is still unclear. However, the Swedish energy market is facing multiple challenges including global warming, increased energy demand, and a transition towards a completely renewable energy mix. The role of nuclear power in the Swedish energy mix is still unclear. It is therefore the authors belief that a decision regarding the future of the Swedish energy supply is needed., Förhållandet mellan energikonsumtion och ekonomisk tillväxt har varit ett populärt ämne i nutida forskning, detta då en avsevärd mängd litteratur har författats på ämnet, dock har forskningen ännu inte funnit konsensus gällande det påstådda förhållandet. Få studier har emellertid analyserat energi-tillväxt sambandet med växthusgaser, inga av dessa studier har använt samma metod, data och tidsperiod. Med grund i detta finns det ändock ett tomrum i forskningen och litteraturen gällande energi-tillväxt sambandet och denna studie tillhandahåller en särskild insikt i det svenska kärnkraftsdilemmat. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att studera det kausala förhållandet mellan ekonomisk tillväxt och kärnkraftskonsumtion, samt kausaliteten mellan utsläpp från växthusgaser och ekonomisk tillväxt, i Sverige. Resultaten av denna uppsats har använts för att diskutera och analysera framtida konsekvenser av en fortsatt kärnkraftsnedstängning i Sverige. Sju EU-nationer samt två länder utanför EU har inkluderats för att kunna genomföra jämförelser med Sverige. Denna uppsats är baserad på en metod av tidsserieanalys som regression kallad Minsta Kvadratregressioner i kombination med Granger kausalitets-tester. Uppsatsens resultat indikerar att kärnkraft Granger-kauserar tillväxt i Belgien och Storbritannien. Studien finner även en dubbelriktad Granger-kausalitet mellan växthusgasutsläpp och kärnkraft i USA. Det kausala sambandet mellan kärnkraft, ekonomisk tillväxt och växthusgasutsläpp i Sverige är fortsatt otydligt. Den svenska energimarknaden står emellertid inför flera utmaningar som främst inkluderar global uppvärmning, ökande efterfrågan på energi samt en pågående övergång till en helt förnybar energimix. Rollen kärnkraft kommer ha i den svenska energimixen är fortfarande oklar. Det är därför författarnas uppfattning att ett beslut angående hur det framtida energiutbudet ska se ut måste tas.

This paper studies intertemporal changes in the value of travel time (VTT) and investigates whether the change of VTT over time can be studied based on national VTT data, collected at two points in time. We use repeated national VTT data from the Netherlands and Sweden, collected 13 and 14 years apart. The results show mostly a declining VTT for a given income level. The results show also a large within-country heterogeneity across modes and purposes, in the cross-sectional income elasticity of the VTT, and in its development over time. The explanation most consistent with our results and those of others is that the VTT has in fact increased due to income increases, but that the repeated stated choice data cannot detect this given the data, methodology and population changes. In particular, it seems that the response rate has dropped considerably in the later surveys partly due to a higher share of (busy) respondents declining to be recruited. The main contribution of this paper is to document the differences between the studies carried out in different years, indicating the reasons why it is difficult to identify temporal changes in the VTT., Funding Agencies|Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI); Swedish governmental agency VINNOVA

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to pinpoint and analyse ethical issues raised by the dual role of artificial intelligence (AI) in relation to climate change, that is, AI as a contributor to climate change and AI as a contributor to fighting climate change. Design/methodology/approach This paper consists of three main parts. The first part provides a short background on AI and climate change respectively, followed by a presentation of empirical findings on the contribution of AI to climate change. The second part presents proposals by various AI researchers and commentators on how AI companies may contribute to fighting climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from training and use of AI and by providing AI assistance to various mitigation and adaptation measures. The final part investigates ethical issues raised by some of the options presented in the second part. Findings AI applications may lead to substantial emissions but may also play an important role in mitigation and adaptation. Given this dual role of AI, ethical considerations by AI companies and governments are of vital importance. Practical implications This paper pinpoints practical ethical issues that AI companies and governments should take into account. Social implications Given the potential impact of AI on society, it is vital that AI companies and governments take seriously the ethical issues raised by the dual role of AI in relation to climate change. Originality/value AI has been the subject of substantial ethical investigation, and even more so has climate change. However, the relationship between AI and climate change has received only limited attention from an ethical perspective. This paper provides such considerations.

Purpose Economic integration of refugees remains a challenge for developed countries. Although refugees differ greatly from labor migrants in available resources and motivation toward self-employment, prevailing studies on minority and ethnic entrepreneurship tend to lump these different categories of migrants together. Based on theories of migrants economic embeddedness, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the extent to which family- and kinship-based resources affect self-employment duration among refugees and labor migrants. Design/methodology/approach Based on Cox regression models, this longitudinal study estimates the self-employment duration of 10,519 refugees and 2,503 labor migrants starting businesses in Sweden in the period 2006-2012. Findings Results reveal that while refugees are at a disadvantage to labor migrants in terms of self-employment duration, their higher level of family embeddedness in part helps them overcome these disadvantages. For refugees but not for labor migrants, co-location in an ethnic enclave also lowers the risk of them becoming unemployed after a spell in entrepreneurship. Originality/value This original paper provides empirical and theoretical contributions to research on migrants self-employment success. It also discusses contributions for research on entrepreneurs social embeddedness and refugees entrepreneurship., Funding Agencies|FORMASSwedish Research Council Formas [2018-02226]

Deploying an everyday life approach, this article focuses on the kindergarten meal, defined as a space in which humans, materials and discursive elements interact. The article identifies and discusses two co-existing perspectives on the everyday meals that emphasise children as future beings and here-and-now beings. Through the concepts of smoothing and striation the paper discusses how these perspectives produce different mechanisms of regulation and agency, and position the eaters differently. The paper emphasises kindergarten mealtime as an ambiguous space that does not offer simple discussions about good and bad meal situations. The paper thereby adds to the existing literature within children’s geographies which emphasise interactional, relational and material aspects of children’s lives. It does so by revisiting some concepts, striation and smoothing, that has been used to explore children’s spaces and child–adult relations, but argue that these concepts describe ambivalent and complex processes in children’s and adult’s everyday lives.

This paper applied the advocacy coalition framework to explore and explain the political processes creating policies to enhance energy efficiency of European Union (EU) industry. The paper used legislation on energy audits and energy management systems as a proxy for EU policy on energy efficiency in industry. Based on qualitative text analysis of EU policy documents, including a proposal to recast the energy efficiency directive, amendments to the proposal suggested by Member States, the Council and the European Parliament, and reports from negotiations, the paper identified four advocacy coalitions with different core beliefs, spanning from those that want few companies to implement energy audits or energy management systems, and that recommendations from audits should not be mandatory to implement, to those that advocate that many companies implement energy audits and management systems and that it should be mandatory to implement measures recommended in audits. It was further found that policy change followed an external shock, deliberative negotiations, and policy-oriented learning. The identification of core beliefs and advocacy coalitions will help policymakers and other stakeholders become more aware of their own and others values on energy efficiency and how these could be changed. As important was the differentiation of deep core beliefs, policy core beliefs and secondary beliefs. Which beliefs can be easily changed, which cannot?, Funding Agencies|Swedish Energy Agency [P2021-00238]

This paper presents how Swedish secondary student’s science capital is coupled with science identity. The data is part of a large international research study called The Relevance of Science Education Second (ROSES) which aims to explore students’ interest in, and motivation to learn, science and technology. The result identifies five science identities having different correlations with five factors of science capital. The study if framed by the theoretical development of an extended bourdieusian notion of capital together with science identity., Organized scientific symposium "Relevance of Science Education Across the World Perspective on Students'Interest in Science From Five Countries"at the ESERA 2023 conference presenting work from the international Relevance of Science Education - Second (ROSES) research project, with contributions from Brazil, Georgia, Japan and Spain and Sweden.

The Relevance of Science Education - Second (ROSES) is an international comparative research projectgathering empirical evidence on factors with importance for learning science and technology from astudent point of view. (Jidesjö, Oskarsson, & Westman, 2020; Oskarsson, Westman, & Jidesjö, 2019).ROSES uses a common questionnaire to students containing categories such as S&T content in andoutside school, future job, environmental challenges, social media, and informal S&T experiences.We will present comparisons between students opinion and willingness to engage in Science from awide range of countries. We will further present results from Sweden where a group of studentsbelieves it is important to learn about sustainability and that they can influence what happens. This alsoindicate some agency where students are willing to act as well as willing to sacrifice. Group of studentsin our material shows sign of Science Capital, a feeling of science being for them, (Archer et al 2015)., Paper presented at the 10th biannual GCES Symposium, 1-3 November 2023, Ras al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.

With advances in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cognitive modelling, unmanned aircraft are expected to actas human-like wingmen in the near future. For fluent and effective manned–unmanned teaming, synthetic wingmen must beable to account for and adapt to their partners’ intent with little or no communication. To enable such abilities, it becomescrucial to identify the requirements that makes intent explainable to synthetic wingmen, necessitating approaches to describeand analyse intent from a human-centric perspective. To address this issue, this paper reports on findings from using WorkDomain Analysis to design and analyse models of situated intent with six levels of cognitive control (frames, effects, values,generic, implementations, and physical). Through a literature review and seven subject matter expert interviews, a synthesizedmodel was designed to represent fighter pilots’ intent in a manned–unmanned teaming scenario. Using the synthesized modelas the context, a transfer of control and a link loss situation were further described and analysed. Experiences show that WorkDomain Analysis can provide a practical and applicable means to model situated intent, particularly since designed modelscan be re-utilised to model intent in similar situations. Furthermore, the model analyses show the importance of accountingfor fighter pilots’ adopted frames since small variations of the framing of the situations can propagate throughout the modelresulting in conflicting or inconsistent intent. The paper concludes that synthetic wingmen must be able to reason about all six levels of cognitive control, requiring a more holistic approach to make intent explainable., Funding: VINNOVA; Swedish Defence Material Administration [2017-04884,2017-04884,2017-04884,2017-04884]; NFFP (National Aviation Research Programme) - VINNOVA (Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems); Swedish Armed Forces, The Swedish Defence Material Administration and NFFP (National Aviation Research Pro- gramme), which is funded by VINNOVA (Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems, 2017-04884,2017-04884,2017- 04884,2017-04884), the Swedish Armed Forces, and the Swedish Defence Material Administration.