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Background and Objectives: Cancer organizations worldwide have recently released care guidelines for cancer patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have reported higher mortality rates in cancer patients with COVID-19. However, drawing robust conclusions remains challenging due to a lack of research on clinical prognostic factors in this patient group. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We searched the keywords in the following combination: ("COVID-19" or "coronavirus" or "wuhan virus") and ("cancer"). The search was performed on August 1, 2020, and only papers written in English were included in this study. We collected data from 3,215 cancer patients with COVID-19 from 16 studies and analyzed overall mortality after COVID-19 infection in cancer patients compared to controls, as well as prognostic factors for severity and mortality after COVID-19 infection. The prognostic factors analyzed encompassed demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, cancer treatment within 4 weeks of COVID-19 diagnosis, and treatment for COVID-19 infection. Results: This meta-analysis evaluated mortality rates and related prognostic factors in cancer patients infected with COVID-19. First, 15 of the 16 studies reported mortality data; 663 patients died among a total of 3,215 people, resulting in a combined mortality rate of 21%. Second, the following poor prognostic factors were identified: male sex, older age (=65 years), respiratory symptoms (e.g., cough and dyspnea), and other comorbidities (e.g., cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Conclusion: The mortality of cancer patients infected with COVID-19 can reach about 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a relatively common sleep disorder characterized by repetitive narrowing or obstruction of the upper airway, including the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx, during sleep. OSA can cause a variety of symptoms and/or complications, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, reduced concentration, hypertension, type II diabetes, and stroke. Accordingly, an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatments are required for OSA. Obesity is an important risk factor for OSA and is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat in the body, including the upper airway. When the body weight increases, adipose tissue accumulates in the pharynx, which can narrow the diameter of the upper airway and lead to dysfunction of the pharynx dilator muscles. These changes caused by weight gain can cause or exacerbate OSA. Various therapeutic options exist for patients with overweight or obesity, including diet, behavioral modifications, exercise, pharmacological treatments, and surgical procedures. Of these, diet, behavioral modifications, and exercise constitute the first-line management for obesity. However, their results are relatively unsatisfactory, and pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery are generally implemented in obese patients with OSA. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review pharmacological and surgical management strategies for obesity that are currently commonly used in overweight or obese adult patients with OSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes a recent meta-analysis of various topics in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In addition to cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive dysfunction, a wide variety of diseases have been associated with OSA, and associations with cancer have also been reported. Although continuous positive airway pressure is a very effective treatment, the results have shown that it does not reduce the incidence of various complications. It has been reported that uvulopalatopharyngoplasty was effective, and robotic surgery for the tongue root and hypoglossal nerve stimulation were also effective. The effectiveness of various medications to reduce daytime sleepiness has also been demonstrated. Although exercise lowered the apnea-hypopnea index, it was not related to changes in body composition, and it was also reported that exercise combined with weight control were effective. Additionally, interesting and clinically meaningful meta-analysis results were summarized and presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small cell carcinoma (SmCC) is a type of neuroendocrine tumor commonly originating in the lung, with only about 2-4% of cases arising at extrapulmonary sites. Extrapulmonary SmCC of the head and neck has a poor prognosis and a high rate of distant metastasis. The paranasal sinus is a rare location for extrapulmonary SmCC and only a few related papers have been published to date. We report a rare case of SmCC originating from the sphenoid sinus in a patient with a recurrent pituitary tumor with a literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foreign bodies in the sinus are rare entities that are often associated with trauma. This paper presents a case of a metallic foreign body that was retained without any symptoms for over 40 years. A skull X-ray and computed tomography scans showed blades of scissors inside the maxillary sinus, extending to the middle meatus without affecting vital structures. The foreign body was successfully removed by an endoscopic approach. There were no complications during and after the surgery. The presence of retained foreign bodies in the maxillofacial region is rarely discussed in previous publications. This manuscript focuses on the asymptomatic period of this foreign body and aims to discuss the necessity and feasibility of a wait-and-see approach in selected cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Positional therapy is a therapeutic method for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little is known about the effectiveness of positional OSA treatment based on meta-analysis. Therefore, we undertook a review and meta-analysis of studies to assess the effect of positional therapy on OSA. Subjects and Method: We searched PubMed (Medline), OVID Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, KoreaMed, MedRIC, and KSI KISS using the key words "obstructive sleep apnea" and "positional therapy". To estimate the effect of positional OSA therapy, we analyzed the ratio of means (ROM) for pre- and post-treatment polysomnographic data including apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), lowest oxygen saturation, arousal index, and sleep efficiency. Results: Finally, twenty two studies from 21 papers were included in the meta-analysis. Positional therapy significantly decreased AHI by 54.1% [ROM, 0.459; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.394 to 0.534] and increased lowest oxygen saturation by 3.3% (ROM, 1.033; 95% CI, 1.020 to 1.046). However, positional therapy did not significantly change arousal index (ROM, 0.846; 95% CI, 0.662 to 1.081) or sleep efficiency (ROM, 1.008; 95% CI, 0.990 to 1.027). Conclusion: Positional therapy significantly improves respiratory parameters including AHI and lowest oxygen saturation in patients with OSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) was introduced to Korea in the 1980s and has since developed rapidly. There have been many changes in ESS over this period. Thus, in this paper, we explore trends in the clinical characteristics of ESS. Subjects and Method: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent the ESS at 000 Hospital performed by a single surgeon at a 10-year interval. By comparing 106 patients who underwent ESS in 2003 and 108 patients who underwent ESS in 2013, we investigated changes in ESS in terms of the target group of surgical indications, CT scores, range of operation and complications. Results: With regard to surgical indications, the proportion of patients who underwent surgery due to nasal polyps in 2013 (32.4%) was lower than in 2003 (59.4%), while the proportion of patients undergoing fungal sinusitis surgery in 2013 (13.9%) was higher than in 2003 (0.0%). In terms of preoperative CT evaluation, Lund-Mackay scores for the maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus, and ostiomeatal unit were lower in 2013 than in 2003. The proportion of ESS performed only in the maxillary sinus in 2013 (20.0%) was higher than in 2003 (10.0%). Conclusion: According to this study, the range and extent of sinusitis was favorable in 2013 compared to in 2003. The group of patients requiring treatment for only maxillary sinus disease accounted for a larger proportion of patients in 2013 than in 2003. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDCs) are considered the most common non odontogenic cysts of the maxilla. Although the recommended treatment is complete removal of the lesion, complications, such as hematoma or fistula, can occur, especially in extensive cases. The aim of the present paper was to introduce transnasal endoscopic marsupialization as an efficient and useful treatment for NPDC. Materials and Methods : A retrospective review of 5 patients with extensive NPDCs (>2 cm) protruding into their nasal cavities was performed. All patients underwent endoscopic endonasal marsupialization. In order to survey the long-term, subjective outcomes, telephone interviews were conducted. Results : The mean age of the included patients with NPDC was 32 years and all were male. Most of the patients had facial pain (100%) and nasal obstruction (80%), and someatients complained of palate swelling (60%). There were no perioperative complications. The mean OPD follow-up duration was 3.7 months and a telephone survey was conducted with 4 patients at a mean of 27.5 postoperative months. Patients complained of some crust formation in the nasal cavity, but no cyst relapse or other significant complications were reported. Conclusions : A large NPDC protruding into the nasal cavity can be easily and efficiently managed with endoscopic endonasal marsupialization as a substitute for complete enucleation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hairy polyps are rare congenital benign masses of the head and neck. They mainly occur in the nasopharynx and oropharynx. This paper reports a 12-month-old female patient who had a 0.5-cm sausage-shaped mass in the left nasal vestibule with nasal obstruction and habitual nose-picking. This lesion was surgically removed with no complications under monitored anesthesia. There was no evidence of recurrence through 24 months. To the best our knowledge, this is the first English literature report of a patient with a hairy polyp arising from a nasal vestibule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]