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Background Hemodynamic stability is crucial during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery to reduce perioperative complications. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, has been increasingly used for its sedative, analgesic, and sympatholytic properties. This study aims to evaluate the effects of intraoperative dexmedetomidine administration on hemodynamic parameters during CABG surgery. Materials and Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 120 patients undergoing elective CABG surgery. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: Group D (dexmedetomidine, n=60) and Group C (control, n=60). Group D received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.4 μg/kg/h until the end of surgery. Group C received an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. Hemodynamic parameters, including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cardiac output (CO), were recorded at baseline, after induction, during cardiopulmonary bypass, and postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and t-tests. Results The administration of dexmedetomidine significantly reduced HR and MAP compared to the control group. At the end of surgery, Group D showed a 15% reduction in HR (p<0.001) and a 20% decrease in MAP (p<0.001) compared to baseline. Additionally, CO was better maintained in Group D, with an average CO of 5.5 L/min compared to 4.8 L/min in Group C (p=0.03). The incidence of intraoperative hypotension was lower in Group D (10%) compared to Group C (25%) (p=0.02). Postoperative recovery was also smoother in Group D, with a lower requirement for vasoactive drugs. Conclusion Intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine during CABG surgery significantly improves hemodynamic stability, reducing the incidence of intraoperative hypotension and maintaining cardiac output. Dexmedetomidine may be a valuable adjunct in managing patients undergoing cardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cardiac surgery often requires the use of inhalational anesthetics to maintain anesthesia. Isoflurane and sevoflurane are commonly used due to their cardioprotective properties. However, differences in hemodynamic stability, recovery profile, and myocardial protection between these two agents remain a subject of interest. This study aims to compare the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, focusing on hemodynamic parameters, recovery time, and postoperative complications. Materials and Methods A total of 100 patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomized into two groups: Group I (n=50) received isoflurane, and Group S (n=50) received sevoflurane as the primary anesthetic agent. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, mean arterial pressure), time to extubation, and incidence of postoperative complications (e.g., myocardial infarction, arrhythmias) were recorded. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results Group S (sevoflurane) exhibited significantly more stable hemodynamic parameters compared to Group I (isoflurane), with an average mean arterial pressure of 75 mmHg versus 70 mmHg in Group I (p=0.03). The time to extubation was shorter in Group S (8.5 ± 2.1 hours) compared to Group I (10.2 ± 2.5 hours) (p=0.01). Additionally, the incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction was lower in Group S (4%) compared to Group I (10%) (p=0.04). No significant differences were observed in the occurrence of arrhythmias between the two groups. Conclusion Sevoflurane demonstrated superior hemodynamic stability, faster recovery times, and a lower incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction compared to isoflurane in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Sevoflurane may be preferred for its enhanced myocardial protection and quicker recovery profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]