Hemodynamics in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Effects of Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine administration.

Background Hemodynamic stability is crucial during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery to reduce perioperative complications. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, has been increasingly used for its sedative, analgesic, and sympatholytic properties. This study aims to evaluate the effects of intraoperative dexmedetomidine administration on hemodynamic parameters during CABG surgery. Materials and Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 120 patients undergoing elective CABG surgery. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: Group D (dexmedetomidine, n=60) and Group C (control, n=60). Group D received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg) followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.4 μg/kg/h until the end of surgery. Group C received an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. Hemodynamic parameters, including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cardiac output (CO), were recorded at baseline, after induction, during cardiopulmonary bypass, and postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and t-tests. Results The administration of dexmedetomidine significantly reduced HR and MAP compared to the control group. At the end of surgery, Group D showed a 15% reduction in HR (p<0.001) and a 20% decrease in MAP (p<0.001) compared to baseline. Additionally, CO was better maintained in Group D, with an average CO of 5.5 L/min compared to 4.8 L/min in Group C (p=0.03). The incidence of intraoperative hypotension was lower in Group D (10%) compared to Group C (25%) (p=0.02). Postoperative recovery was also smoother in Group D, with a lower requirement for vasoactive drugs. Conclusion Intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine during CABG surgery significantly improves hemodynamic stability, reducing the incidence of intraoperative hypotension and maintaining cardiac output. Dexmedetomidine may be a valuable adjunct in managing patients undergoing cardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]