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Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) on mental and cognitive outcomes including, anxiety, depression, attention, memory, global cognition and neuroplastic changes in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data source: A three‐step search strategy was conducted on eight electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists from inception to February 2022. Review methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining MBIs on older adults with MCI were screened and assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Meta‐analysis was conducted using RevMan using a random‐effect model. Narrative synthesis was performed for studies where results could not be pooled statistically. Results: Ten RCTs were included in the review. Results suggested that right frontal parietal and left inferior temporal gyrus of the brain showed increased cortical thickness after receiving MBIs. There were significant interaction effects for global efficiency and significant interactions in the insular and gyrus regions. Functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex, bilateral medial prefrontal cortex and left hippocampus were increased in participants undergoing MBIs. Nevertheless, meta‐analysis showed non‐significant pooled effects, favouring control groups on anxiety, depression, attention, memory and global cognition. Conclusion: This review suggested the potential effects of MBIs in improving cortical thickness and connectivity in regions associated with memory and attention. Nevertheless, the effects of MBIs compared to active control groups on depression, anxiety, attention, memory and global cognition are inconclusive due to the lack of studies and non‐significant results. Impact: The review advocates for more rigorous studies with larger sample size and utilizing wait‐list controls to evaluate the effects of MBIs. MBIs can be considered as an adjunct with other therapies to further enhance the effect on psychological and cognitive outcomes for older adults with MCI. No Patient or Public Contribution as this is a meta‐analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To map the nursing skills required for different types of disasters. Design: This was a scoping review of research studies conducted between July and August 2021. We conducted a systematic literature search of nine electronic databases from inception till July 2021, and an updated search was done in April 2022. This review is based on the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley (2005), which was further refined by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data Sources: A range of electronic databases was searched systematically, including CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Ichushi‐Web. Articles published in Chinese, English and Japanese were selected for the review. Review Methods: The PCC model was used to frame the inclusion criteria. Studies were screened, appraised and extracted by two reviewers, and the study findings were narratively synthesized. Results: We identified nursing skills for five types of natural disasters including (1) earthquakes, (2) typhoons, (3) tsunamis, (4) marine disasters and (5) infectious diseases and three man‐made disasters: (1) radiation disasters, (2) bioterrorism and (3) war. Among these, there are five types of common professional skills nurses are required to possess including casualty triage, observation and monitoring, basic first aid techniques, psychological care and communication skills. In addition, it was shown that different disasters require different specific professional skills. Conclusion: This scoping review explored the disaster nursing skills required for eight types of disasters and provides evidence for future education and training. Further research is needed to build more accurate scenario‐based simulation training programs to provide more insights into future disaster precision nursing. Impact This scoping review provides evidence for future education and training in disaster nursing to improve nurses' knowledge and competencies in dealing with the different types of disaster situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of technology‐based interventions in reducing psychological morbidities such as depressive symptomology, anxiety, burden and improving quality of life and self‐efficacy in informal caregivers of stroke survivors. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Data Sources: An extensive search was systematically undertaken at CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINHAL, Web of Science and PsycInfo until January 2021. Grey literature and dissertations were searched in Google Scholar, ProQuest & Scholarbank@NUS. Studies involving registered trials were retrieved from Clinicaltrials.gov and CENTRAL, respectively. Review Methods: Two reviewers independently screened the trials, conducted quality appraisal and extracted the data. Quality of the studies included in the review was assessed using Cochrane Risk of bias tool. Meta‐analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4. Narrative synthesis was performed for studies where results could not be pooled statistically. The results were reported abiding Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Results: This review included 15 trials with a total of 1276 informal caregivers of stroke survivors. Eleven trials were included in the meta‐analysis. Subgroup analyses revealed that technology‐based interventions with structured educational programs were statistically significant in reducing depressive symptoms (d = −0.27, 95% CI [−0.49 to −0.05], p =.02). Technology‐based interventions with structured educational programs <3‐month revealed significant effects (d = −0.31, 95% CI [−0.49 to −0.13], p =.0009). Results of narrative synthesis reported technology‐based intervention with face‐to‐face training minimized depressive symptoms of informal caregivers. Notably, there were no statistically significant effects on anxiety, burden, quality of life and self‐efficacy outcomes. Conclusion: Technology‐based interventions had beneficial effects in alleviating depressive symptoms among informal caregivers. Impact: Technology‐based interventions serve as a support mechanism for informal caregivers of stroke survivors who face time‐constrains. Further high‐quality randomized controlled trials are warranted to elucidate sustainability, optimal format and dosage of intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to identify the predicting factors of quality of life (QoL) from a set of psychosocial, sociodemographic and clinical variables amongst older adults in a long‐term care setting. Design: A cross‐sectional, descriptive correlational study. Method: The study was conducted in a nursing home and a day care centre from July to December 2019. Two hundred older adults were recruited. Guided by the salutogenic model, the sense of coherence (SOC) scale, Connor–Davidson resilience scale, de Jong Gierveld loneliness scale and World Health Organization quality of life instrument‐older adults (WHOQOL‐OLD) were used. The sociodemographic and clinical profiles of participants were collected. Descriptive statistics, Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficient, independent‐samples t test, one‐way analysis of variance and stepwise regression were utilised in the analysis. Results: The mean score for WHOQOL‐OLD was 94.42 ± 19.55. The highest mean score was observed in the "Death and Dying" facet, while the lowest mean scores were reflected in the "Autonomy" and "Intimacy" facets of QoL. Regardless of resident type, most QoL scores were similar across different variables. Based on the stepwise regression, higher manageability and meaningfulness in SOC, higher resilience, lower social loneliness, lower emotional loneliness and hearing impairments are significantly associated with higher QoL. Conclusion: Manageability, meaningfulness and resilience should be enhanced while ameliorating feelings of loneliness to improve the QoL amongst older adults receiving long‐term care. Age, marital status, educational level, care arrangement, body mass index, performance in activities of daily living, comorbidities and hearing and mobility impairments could influence QoL and thus warrant more attention. Impact: Future interventions can be conducted in group sessions to facilitate social interaction and alleviate loneliness. More resources should be allocated to enhance older adults' care arrangements and coping mechanisms to provide them with the support, as they face challenges in daily life due to mobility impairment and other restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the literature on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) used in the treatment, prevention and supportive care in patients with COVID‐19. Design: A narrative review was performed. Data Sources: A systematic and comprehensive search was conducted on both Chinese and English electronic databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, PsycINFO. Articles published from 1 December 2019 ‐1 April 2020 were included in this review. Review Methods: Studies reporting on the treatment and prevention of COVID‐19 using TCM regardless of study designs were included. In addition, grey literatures, including media reports on Chinese government websites or official media websites and treatment guidelines were searched for TCM treatment and prevention on COVID‐19. Results: Limited research has been published on the use of TCM for COVID‐19. We qualitatively described and synthesized the published research and current clinical practice on the use of TCM for COVID‐19, and focused on the following areas: TCM treatment used in SARS, MERS, H1N1; TCM treatment plan for COVID‐19; TCM in Prevention and Treatment at Early Stage of COVID‐19; TCM emotional therapy; and personalized TCM treatment plan. Conclusion: The combination of western medicine and TCM in treatment, and treatment based on the local condition, isolation, personal protective measures are of great significance for the prevention and treatment of COVID‐19. Relevant laboratory research and clinical evaluation should be continued to collect scientific evidences on the efficacy of TCM. Impact: TCM has been used in the treatment and prevention of COVID‐19 in China, and the clinical evidences indicated that TCM regulates immunity and exerts anti‐viral effect simultaneously. This review provides practical recommendation for the policymakers in the selection process of the treatment and preventive measures for the global pandemic of COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]