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Aim: Using an integrated model of health literacy, we discuss the importance of health literacy among foreign domestic workers in the provision of informal caregiving during outbreaks of communicable diseases. COVID‐19 pandemic is used as an example. Background: Adequate health literacy in the population is known to be important for the prevention of communicable diseases. Foreign domestic workers, a group of marginalised caregivers in private households, are generally presumed to have limited health literacy because of numerous socio‐cultural disadvantages. To date, there is limited evidence that these informal healthcare providers receive support from community‐based nurses. Design: A discursive paper. Conclusion: Foreign domestic workers, with varying levels of health literacy, may be viewed either as a resource to break the chain of infection or as a potential reservoir of communicable diseases in the community. Meanwhile, restrictions imposed in response to diseases transmissions (e.g. stay‐at‐home measures for COVID‐19) may directly exacerbate the social support received by these foreign domestic works and their ability to access health‐related information. There are also concerns about their ability to appraise and evaluate information related to communicable diseases at a time when fake news and misinformation are being disseminated through social media. Language and cultural barriers are important issues that need to be addressed to ensure that foreign domestic workers are in a position to follow public health recommendations. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses hold an important position in empowering foreign domestic workers with adequate health literacy, by engaging groups of foreign domestic workers in the community and their consulates in planning educational programmes and effectively disseminating information. At a time of global pandemic, an assessment of the health literacy levels of foreign domestic workers in places like Hong Kong is urgently required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. This article presents a discussion on how to maximize nursing students' learning about research for evidence-based practice in undergraduate, preregistration programmes. Background. Evidence-based practice may use information from many sources, including research. Research utilization concerns the translation of research findings into practice. Thus, while evidence-base practice may not be solely research-based and hence more than research utilization, research remains an important ingredient in ensuring quality and cost-effective care and an academic requirement for nursing students undertaking a science degree-level qualification. Nevertheless, how educators can best support research-related learning and application remains uncertain and requires discussion. Data sources. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Social Science Citation Index, British Nursing Index, and Intute were searched for papers published 1980-2011 using the following search terms: research, research utilization, evidence-based practice, learning, teaching, education, training, nursing, health, and social care. Discussion. Nursing students need to be able to value the relevance, authority, and utility of nursing research for patient care through embedding research learning in both academic and practice-based settings. Students can be supported in learning how to access, understand, and appraise the authority of research through weaving these skills into enquiry-based learning. Furthermore, encouraging students to undertake research-based practice change projects can support research utilization and development skills. Conclusion. Research should be fully embedded throughout nursing curricula beyond the confines of 'research classes', integrating learning in academic and practice-based settings. Although this requires synergistic and integrated support of student learning by nurse educators, managers, clinical practitioners, researchers and policymakers; nurse educators have a pivotal role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessibility Summary: What is known on the subject?: A significant number of people with mental health diagnoses have also experienced some form of trauma.In 2008, it was recommended that MHTs in England provide training to MHPs to support them in how to ask their service users about trauma and abuse.It has been identified that staff are not consistently enquiring about trauma and abuse in mental health services. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: A description of how many MHTs in England are providing training for staff to ensure that they enquire about trauma and abuse.The current gaps in the resources available for mental health practitioners and staff. What are the implications for practice?: Much more work and development of trauma‐informed care and accessibility of training is needed for MHPs working in MHTs.Most MHTs still need to take the first step of implementing training in trauma‐informed care. This should involve ways to ask about trauma and abuse and advice on how to respond to any disclosures made. Introduction: Trauma, abuse and adversities are extremely prevalent for those who access secondary mental health services. Health policy guidance recommends that mental health professionals (MHPs) should routinely enquire about trauma and abuse. Staff training is required to adopt trauma‐informed approaches, as research has identified a clear gap in practice. This study provides a baseline measure of the current provision of trauma‐informed training in English mental health trusts (MHTs). Question: What trauma‐informed training is currently available for MHPs in England? Method: A freedom of information request was submitted to 52 MHTs in England to explore the current training available for MHPs in trauma‐informed care, routine enquiry into abuse and responding to disclosures. Results: The results showed 70% of respondents reported no available training in trauma‐informed care. Discussion: Many MHTs in England do not provide any trauma‐informed training (despite existing recommendations from 2008). Does this contribute to the re‐traumatisation of patients? Implications for Practice: MHTs in England require a responsible and active approach to training MHPs in sensitive routine enquiry into trauma and abuse as a first step to becoming trauma responsive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This review aimed to demonstrate the self‐care behaviours of first‐generation Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease in western countries and identify related cultural factors. Background: Self‐care is the cornerstone to mitigate disease symptoms and maintain health status. Chinese immigrants to western countries, operating within a cross‐cultural context, may find self‐care to manage their cardiovascular disease challenging. Design: An integrative review was conducted. Methods: Seven databases were searched Scopus, ProQuest Health & Medicine, Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), AMED (Ovid), PsycINFO and CINAHL, with output limited to peer‐reviewed studies published from 2000 to 2020 in English or Chinese. Initially, 2037 papers were screened. Six papers were retained and critiqued using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Deductive and inductive approaches were utilised to analyse the findings. The PRISMA 2020 checklist informed review reportage. Result: In general, Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease took an active role in management of their cardiovascular disease, including through diet and activity adaptation and adherence to western medication. Families also played a significant role in disease decision‐making and management. However, language and cultural barriers impeded their access to health information and resources in host countries. Relevance to clinical practice: Understanding self‐care behaviours and associated cultural factors among Chinese immigrants with cardiovascular disease is important to improve nurses' culturally sensitive practices and provide tailored health education interventions to promote self‐care behaviours among immigrant populations. The scarcity of literature on self‐care behaviours among Chinese first‐generation immigrants with cardiovascular disease indicates the need for further research in this area. Development of culturally and linguistically sensitive health resources and education programs is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To synthesize existing qualitative research evidence on the supportive care needs of women with gynaecological cancer. Design: Qualitative systematic review. Data sources A comprehensive literature search was performed using nine databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang) without restrictions regarding publication date; qualitative studies published in English or Chinese were included. Initial search in December 2021 and updated in October 2022. Review methods: This study was conducted according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) guidelines. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for qualitative research was used to assess the quality of all included papers. Finally, we adopted a thematic synthesis method, synthesized the main findings, and constructed themes. Results: Eleven studies published between 2010 and 2021 were included in the review. Based on the thematic synthesis method, 10 descriptive themes were generated and five analytical themes were derived: psychological support, information support, social support, disease‐specific symptom management and form of care. Women with gynaecological cancer expressed a desire for psychological support from empathetic healthcare professionals; information support included access to adequate and appropriate information, as well as communication and involvement; social support highlighted women's desire for peer support, family‐related support and financial support; disease‐specific symptom management described women's desire for support in coping with reproduction/sexual issues and form of care highlighted the need for continuity of care and holistic care. Conclusion: The supportive care needs of women with gynaecological cancer are multidimensional and complex. The future care practice should take women's needs as a starting point and provide ongoing holistic and individualized support. Healthcare providers' understanding and support of these needs are critical to improving women's clinical outcomes and quality of care. Impact The present findings can help further develop supportive care programmes and make nursing interventions more targeted and effective. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible summary: What is known on the subject?: Mobile mental health apps are increasingly being used by both mental health nurses to promote individual self‐managemental of mental health conditions and by consumers.Perceptions about specific apps are known, but the overarching acceptability and usability of mental health apps in general less understood. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: This paper identified consumer perceptions of mobile mental health apps.Six key areas were identified that future mobile app developers should consider to maximize consumer engagement with mental health apps.Consumers also highlighted that apps do not replace traditional mental health nursing—rather these supplement existing care. What are the implications for practice?: This review found that mental health apps are generally viewed positively by consumers; however, factors such as ease of use, usefulness of content and privacy need to be considered to maximise and sustain app engagement. Introduction: There is increasing interest in the use of mobile mental health applications (apps) to manage mental health conditions. Understanding user perceptions is key to maximise app engagement and inform how apps can be used to support mental health nursing care. Aim: This integrative review explores consumers' perceptions of mobile mental health apps to gain insight into user preferences and acceptability. Methods: This integrative review was based on searching four databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PsycInfo. Inclusion criteria were: (i) articles published after 2000; (ii) focused on apps for mental health disorders; (iii) explored consumers' perception of using a mental health app. Abstracts were screened and eligible papers reviewed. Data on user perceptions were extracted and analysed thematically. Results: Seventeen articles were identified. Overall, consumers did not feel that app use replaced traditional health care. Six themes were identified: "Helpfulness," "Improvements/enhancements," "Technical issues," "Easy to use," "Satisfaction with the app" and "Perceived issues." Consumers indicated a preference for personalization for the app to meet individual needs. Discussion and Implications for Practice: Mental health apps are generally viewed positively by consumers; however, factors such as ease of use, usefulness of content and privacy need to be considered to maximise and sustain app engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Knowledge Management (KM) in healthcare, emphasizing its importance in utilizing organizational knowledge for clinical decisions amidst increasing data volumes. Topics include essential conditions for successful KM, benefits such as improved data quality and efficiency, and challenges like disparate electronic documentation systems hindering information transfe.

Aims: To examine the accuracy of diagnostic responses and types of information provided on online health forums. Design: Qualitative descriptive study. Methods: This paper reports the findings of a thematic analysis of peer responses to posts included on heart failure online health forums, to understand the quality and types of information provided. Responses posted between March 2016 and March 2019 were screened, collected and analysed thematically using Braun & Clarke. Themes were conceptually underpinned by Normalization Process Theory. Responses were assessed for quality against the NICE and SIGN guidelines to determine whether they were evidence based or not. Results: The total number of responses collected for analysis was 639. Five main themes were identified: diagnostic, experiential, informational, peer relations and relationships with healthcare professionals. Out of 298 diagnostic responses, 5% were guideline evidence‐based and 6% had information that were partly evidence‐based. Non‐evidence based and potentially dangerous responses were 10%. Experiential responses were 10%; 23% included advice that was not supported with any clinical evidence; and 46% signposted users to other online references/healthcare professionals. Conclusion: Online health communication largely focuses on provision of experiential responses to assist those in need of pre‐ or post‐diagnosis advice and support. However, there is evidence of inaccurate information provision which suggests the use of a moderator would be beneficial. Impact: This study suggests heart failure online health forums are a source of support, however, there are potential risks. Increasing nurses and other health care professional's awareness of online health forums will be important. Additional training is needed to help them learn more about patient's use of online health forums, to gain a better understanding about the types of information sought, and how best to address such knowledge deficits. Healthcare systems must ensure sufficient time and resources are available to meet information needs for people with heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the influence of barriers to the use of research results in the practice of nurses on patient safety perception. Background: The use of research results in clinical practice promotes safe care, increases quality and reduces the possibility of adverse events. Design This is a cross‐sectional study. Methods: The sample consisted of 207 nurses from three public university hospitals in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil from March 2017 to November 2018. They answered a questionnaire with professional characteristics, The Barriers Scale and Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, Student's t test, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. Results: The findings showed most nurses had unfavourable competencies for implementing research results in practice. As barrier scores for the use of research results in practice increase, safety climate scores decrease. Taking a training course on the use of research results in clinical practice and organization characteristics, limitations of the setting were statistically significant, constituting factors that influence the perception of the safety climate. Conclusion: Investments in education are needed for health professionals to be aware of evidence‐based practice and how to use evidence to impact decision‐making outcomes, strengthening safety outcomes in health services. Summary statement: What is already known about this topic? The use of research results in clinical practice promotes safe care, increases quality and reduces the possibility of adverse events.In the health literature, there is little evidence on the factors related to the use of research results in the clinical practice of nurses and the patient safety climate.The non‐use of research results in clinical practice is a relevant problem for patient safety. What is already known about this topic? The results of the study showed that nurses do not have favourable competencies in the use of research results in clinical practice.The most significant barrier to the use of research results in clinical practice was related to the characteristics of the organization, and the negative perception of the safety climate was related to working conditions, indicating a negative view of the work environment.The results of the research indicated that the more barriers were reported by nurses to the use of research results in clinical practice, the worse the perception of patient safety.The provision of training courses for nurses on the use of research results and the characteristics of the organization were factors that influenced the perception of patient safety. The implications of this paper: The results of the study highlighted the need to strengthen the partnership between universities and health services. Nurses trained to use research results in clinical practice promote safe and quality care.The use of research results in clinical practice can benefit the safety and quality of care around the world. Additional studies are needed to understand other factors related to the use of research that influences patient safety outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors discuss the importance of publishing research in the right journals to help its circulation in audiences. They highlight models and benefits of 'open access' an initiative allowing articles of all fields to be freely available online without permission or copyright restrictions. Several strategies for publishing a good journal, including, prioritizing the quality of research, developing the ability to craft key messages in papers and resisting expedience, are also included.

Aims and objectives. This paper examines the evidence available regarding the physical, psychological and sexual consequences for women following a diagnosis and treatment for cancer of the vulva. Background. Cancer of the vulva is a rare condition affecting approximately 1000 women in the UK each year. However, little is known about the impact of the condition as there is a limited research base to inform clinical practice. Design. Review. Method. This paper critiques the 15 studies identified in the English language literature relating to carcinoma of the vulva from 1983 to the present. Collectively these involved less than 400 women with this condition. Results. The review highlighted a paucity of published studies on this patient group. There are weaknesses in the design and analytical methods of the studies and a lack of clarity in the analysis of the published data. However, the review has enabled a picture to be built up of the challenges these women face postoperatively. The lack of recent evidence to support care practices offers limited help in contemporary health care today. Conclusion. There is a clear need for further research to explore the issues for women facing treatment for carcinoma vulva. Relevance to clinical practice. An awareness of the issues facing women following a diagnosis and subsequent treatment, usually surgery, for cancer of the vulva will allow nurses and other health care professionals to have a greater understanding of the needs of these women and thus impact on care planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore what Internet‐based breastfeeding peer support offers to breastfeeding parents. Design: Integrative review. Data Sources and Review Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in March 2024 using the following electronic databases: CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PubMed/MEDLINE and PsycINFO. Database searches yielded 717 results. Two researchers removed the duplicates (n = 256) and screened the remaining titles (n = 461), abstracts (n = 197) and full texts (n = 60) independently. Eventually, 19 studies were included in the review. The chosen studies had qualitative (n = 11), quantitative (n = 6), or mixed methods designs (n = 2) and were published between 2015 and 2024. Qualitative content analysis was conducted. Results: The main categories were supplying support that is responsive to the needs of parents and belonging to a breastfeeding community. The parents looked for and received breastfeeding support, advice, information, emotional support, reassurance and access to shared experiences from various online breastfeeding peer support groups. The support groups helped them in their breastfeeding decisions, thus making a difference in their breastfeeding experience. The support groups created breastfeeding communities for these parents and they were able to bond with others, feel like they belonged and share experiences. Additionally, these breastfeeding communities helped to normalize various breastfeeding practices. Conclusion: Breastfeeding peer support groups can offer parents the support and guidance they seek and a sense that they are part of a breastfeeding community. However, it is vital these groups are efficiently moderated to ensure the advice parents receive is evidence‐based and the support is encouraging. Impact: These findings show that well‐moderated online breastfeeding peer support can offer parents high‐quality support. It is essential for health care professionals to be aware of the various options available in order to recommend high‐quality support groups for breastfeeding parents. Reporting Method: PRISMA. Patient or Public Contribution: This was an integrative review therefore no patient or public contribution was necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Multidisciplinary crisis management teams consist of highly experienced professionals who combine their discipline‐specific expertise in order to respond to critical situations characterized by high levels of uncertainty, complexity, and dynamism. Although the existing literatures on team information processing and decision‐making are mature, research specifically investigating multidisciplinary teams facing crisis situations is limited; however, given increasingly turbulent external environments that produce complex crisis situations, increasing numbers of organizations are likely to call upon multidisciplinary teams to address such events. In this paper, we investigate information processing and decision‐making behaviors in an exploratory study of 12 organizational multidisciplinary crisis management teams. We identify three types of information sharing and track the emergence of distinct communicative phases as well as differences between high‐ and low‐performing teams in the occurrence of sequences of information sharing behaviors. We close by discussing implications for research in this area and for managers of crisis management teams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results from a field experiment that examines the effects of nonfinancial performance feedback on the behavior of professionals working for an insurance repair company. We vary the frequency (weekly and monthly) and the level of detail of the feedback that the 800 professionals receive. Contrary to what we would expect if these professionals conformed to the model of the Bayesian decision maker, more (and more frequent) in-formation does not always help improve performance. In fact, we find that professionals achieve the best outcomes when they receive detailed but infrequent (monthly) feedback. The treatment groups with frequent feedback, regardless of how detailed it is, perform no better than the control group (with monthly and aggregate information). The results are consistent with the information in the latest feedback report being most salient and professionals in the weekly treatments overweighting their most recent performance, hampering their ability to learn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives To discuss families' experiences of their interactions when a relative is admitted unexpectedly to an Australian intensive care unit. Background The overwhelming emotions associated with the unexpected admission of a relative to an intensive care unit are often due to the uncertainty surrounding the condition of their critically ill relative. There is limited in-depth understanding of the nature of uncertainty experienced by families in intensive care, and interventions perceived by families to minimise their uncertainty are not well documented. Furthermore, the interrelationships between factors, such as staff-family interactions and the intensive care unit environment, and its influence on families' uncertainty particularly in the context of the Australian healthcare system, are not well delineated. Design A grounded theory methodology was adopted for the study. Methods Data were collected between 2009-2013, using in-depth interviews with 25 family members of 21 critically ill patients admitted to a metropolitan, tertiary-level intensive care unit in Australia. Results This paper describes the families experiences of heightened emotional vulnerability and uncertainty when a relative is admitted unexpectedly to the intensive care unit. Families uncertainty is directly influenced by their emotional state, the foreign environment and perceptions of being 'kept in the dark', as well as the interrelationships between these factors. Conclusion Staff are offered an improved understanding of the barriers to families' ability to regain control, guided by a grounded theory of family resilience in the intensive care unit. Relevance to clinical practice The findings reveal in-depth understanding of families' uncertainty in intensive care. It suggests that intensive care unit staff need to focus clinical interventions on reducing factors that heighten their uncertainty, while optimising strategies that help alleviate it. Families are facilitated to move beyond feelings of helplessness and loss of control, and cope better with their situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic role of an accounting regime is to increase welfare through its effects—in conjunction with complementary institutions—on firm and household behavior. I review three major streams of the archival literature (real effects; price effects, including value relevance; and costly contracting), in terms of what they can and cannot reveal as proxies for welfare effects. One conclusion is that the partial correlations and average effects that predominate in this literature have provided valuable insights into the role of accounting in the economy, but provide limited and misleading proxies for welfare effects. A major concern is that teachers, students, and researchers—indeed, regulators and standard setters—raised on this literature could lose sight of, and underestimate, the fundamental contribution of accounting to aggregate welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate gynaecological patients' preferences and satisfaction regarding information provision, exploring enablers and barriers to information access. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. Methods: A total of 293 women accessing gynaecological services responded to the survey. Quantitative analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Content analysis was conducted on qualitative data. Results: Health professionals were the most common and preferred sources of gynaecological health information. Enablers to information provision included positive communication strategies by health professionals, participants having prior knowledge and doing their own research. Despite its widespread availability, only 24.2% of women preferred the internet as an information source. Poor communication and inadequate information provision were identified as barriers to information access. Statistically significant associations were identified between location of residence, education level, year of birth, diagnostic group and health information preferences. Recommendations from women included improved communication strategies, system changes and provision of individualized information. Conclusion: Health professionals are central to women accessing information about gynaecological diagnoses. Areas for improvement include communication strategies, facilitating access to internet-based resources for information and consideration of women's preferences when providing health information. Implications for the Profession and Patient Care: Consumer co-design of gynaecological health information and communication training for health professionals is recommended. Improved communication and facilitated use of internet-based resources may improve women's understanding of information. Impact: • This study explored gynaecological patients' preferences and satisfaction regarding information provision, exploring enablers and barriers to information access. • It was found that gynaecological patients preferred individualized information provided to them directly by health professionals and despite its widespread availability, the internet is an underutilized health information resource. • These findings are applicable to health professionals and patients utilizing tertiary gynaecological health services in Australia but may be generalized if demographic data aligns with other jurisdictions. Reporting Method: The STROBE reporting method was used in the preparation of the manuscript. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To (i) assess the adherence of long‐term care (LTC) facilities to the COVID‐19 prevention and control recommendations, (ii) identify predictors of this adherence and (iii) examine the association between the adherence level and the impact of the pandemic on selected unfavourable conditions. Design: Cross‐sectional survey. Methods: Managers (n = 212) and staff (n = 2143) of LTC facilities (n = 223) in 13 countries/regions (Brazil, Egypt, England, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Spain, Thailand and Turkey) evaluated the adherence of LTC facilities to COVID‐19 prevention and control recommendations and the impact of the pandemic on unfavourable conditions related to staff, residents and residents' families. The characteristics of participants and LTC facilities were also gathered. Data were collected from April to October 2021. The study was reported following the STROBE guidelines. Results: The adherence was significantly higher among facilities with more pre‐pandemic in‐service education on infection control and easier access to information early in the pandemic. Residents' feelings of loneliness and feeling down were the most affected conditions by the pandemic. More psychological support to residents was associated with fewer residents' aggressive behaviours, and more psychological support to staff was associated with less work–life imbalance. Conclusions: Pre‐pandemic preparedness significantly shaped LTC facilities' response to the pandemic. Adequate psychological support to residents and staff might help mitigate the negative impacts of infection outbreaks. Impact: This is the first study to comprehensively examine the adherence of LTC facilities to COVID‐19 prevention and control recommendations. The results demonstrated that the adherence level was significantly related to pre‐pandemic preparedness and that adequate psychological support to staff and residents was significantly associated with less negative impacts of the pandemic on LTC facilities' staff and residents. The results would help LTC facilities prepare for and respond to future infection outbreaks. Patient or public contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims This paper discusses the methodological challenges of using the 3D social virtual world Second Life for research and offers some solutions on a range of research issues including research ethics committee approval, gaining consent, recruitment of sample, data collection and engagement with 'in - world culture'. Background The attraction of social virtual worlds to researchers is their ability to mimic the physical world, as they, are seen as 'places' where people have a feeling of presence (being there) and social presence (being there with others) through the use of a 'customisable' avatar (digital self-representation). Emerging research demonstrating the persuasive nature of avatars on health behaviours through virtual worlds, online games and the 3D web has increased the use of and interest in these areas for delivering health information, advice and support. However, conducting research can be challenging in a 3D world where people are represented as anonymous avatars in an environment unlike any other online media. Data sources 25 semi-structured interviews were conducted in Second Life from September 2011-June 2012. Implications for nursing Nurses wishing to undertake research in social virtual worlds should spend time in-world to acquire technical skills and gain an understanding of the culture of the world. Conclusion Our experience of an interview-based study in virtual worlds indicates that researchers require several virtual world technical skills to create innovative tools to recruit, gain consent and collect data and an understanding of in-world culture, language and social norms to increase the chances of successful research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses how the lack of access to nursing and medical literature may affect understanding and implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) by nurses and clinicians. Topics explored include the observed inequality in the online database access of nurses according to a 2008 study, the response of universities to the escalating cost of academic journals, and the significant contribution of EBP to nurses' competence at work.

Aim. This paper is a report of a descriptive study of the common meanings, shared experiences and practices of social support of women within the days between breast cancer diagnosis and treatment initiation. Background. Support needs, types of social support and support outcomes during and after breast cancer treatment have been explored worldwide. However, to promote women's psychological wellbeing it is essential to understand how women define support in the highly stressful period initially following diagnosis. Methods. Secondary analysis of narrative texts using interpretive phenomenology from 18 women in the Midwestern United States newly diagnosed with breast cancer who were interviewed in 2005 for a study of women's pretreatment thought processes. Findings. 'Surviving the wait for surgery by balancing support needs to maintain a hopeful outlook' was the overarching pattern linking six other related themes: (1) controlling access to information for self and to others, (2) knowing which supportive network members to access, (3) controlling anxiety through distraction to maintain hope while waiting, (4) being in good hands and comfortable with decision (provider support), (5) protecting others through concealment and being strong to maintain hope and (6) accepting care from others vs. maintaining a nurturing role. Conclusion. Implications for nurses working with women in the days following breast cancer diagnosis include assessing women's definitions and availability of support; respecting varied needs for informational support; providing a supportive clinical environment; educating clinicians, family and friends regarding unsupportive responses within the cultural context and validating women's control and balancing of support needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop a scale to measure parental self-efficacy in the care of pre-school children during periods of health and minor illness. Children account for many health service consultations at all levels, but particularly in primary care. There are logistical, financial and social reasons for encouraging self-care by parents and other family members during periods of health and minor illness. In the absence of valid parental self-efficacy measurement tool, this paper describes the development of such a tool. A psychometric approach combining elements of social policy and health scale development is outlined. UK health and social policies were searched and from this a systematised concept was developed. This was assessed for international durability by checking the concept against other policies, including those from major international organisations. Statements were developed from this and sent to a panel representing a wide range of stakeholders who were asked to rate the proposed items of the scale and changes were made accordingly. Widespread agreement among panel members supported the systematised concept. Some alterations to the proposed items, particularly increasing the range of health service providers, were made. The study suggests a new method for clinical health policy research, including elements of social policy and health services research. The resulting scale can be contextualised for different circumstances and now needs extensive field testing and refinement. There is increasing diversity in the provision of healthcare; however parents remain the primary carers of young children in both health and illness. This tool can be used to measure the impact of health and social policy upon their confidence and knowledge, and to evaluate new initiatives. The emphasis upon health and social policy ensures that those using the tool have a holistic approach to evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

austvoll-dahlgren a. & helseth s. (2010) What informs parents' decision-making about childhood vaccinations? Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(11), 2421-2430. Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to identify parents' decision-making processes in relation to childhood vaccinations, including barriers and facilitators to searching for information. Background. Decision-making about childhood vaccinations is complex. Access to the best available evidence and the ability to obtain and understand such information are necessary for effective participation in decision-making. Methods. A grounded theory approach was used, with semi-structured interviews and focus groups with parents ( n = 10) and public health nurses ( n = 16) conducted in 2008. Data were derived through incident-to-incident and axial coding. Findings. Being positive towards vaccination and being decided were found to be main barriers to participation and obtaining information; other factors were perceptions about own abilities and capacity. Public health nurses were the parents' most important source of information, but tended to inform to facilitate vaccinations. Issues related to this and being inadequately informed were that some parents expressed low confidence about the decision they had made and uncertainty about their rights and responsibilities in decision-making. Conclusion. Information delivered by public health nurses should not facilitate a specific choice but rather be balanced, explaining the benefits and harms, and accompanied by a qualified recommendation. Useful tools to improve practice may include checklists for shared decision-making and guidelines about trustworthy websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Title. How nurses seek and evaluate clinical guidelines on the Internet. Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to assess nurses’ information-seeking strategies and problems encountered when seeking clinical guidelines on the Internet, and to investigate the criteria they apply when evaluating the guidelines and the websites communicating the guidelines. Background. As nurses are increasingly taking on clinical responsibilities, they should be able to use the Internet to access up-to-date clinical guidelines. Currently, nurses’ information-seeking skills remain rather limited. Method. In 2008, a convenience sample of 20 nurses solved scenario-based tasks using the Internet to seek clinical guidelines regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus while thinking aloud. Results. General background information and universal precautions were successfully identified by participants, in contrast to more specific precautions. Nurses’ information-seeking skills appeared rather basic, as they employed a limited number of search terms and consulted a limited number of websites. Ineffective searches were mainly caused by a mismatch between the guidelines and nurses’ tacit knowledge. Perceived practical relevance and information completeness were the most frequently applied quality criteria. Accuracy and disclosures, which are emphasized in existing e-health literature, were considered less important. As long as information matched nurses’ practical and experiential wisdom, they were satisfied. Conclusion. Nurses appeared to rely predominantly on tacit knowledge during the search process and while evaluating the retrieved guidelines. This is dangerous because nurses’ reliance on inaccurate information might result in inadequate behaviour. It is therefore essential to expand nurses’ current information base by tailoring both navigation structure and the guideline communication to dovetail with nurses’ tacit knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to information (ATI) policies are often praised for strengthening transparency, accountability, and trust in public institutions, yet evidence that they improve institutional performance is mixed. We argue that an important impediment to the effective operation of such policies is the failure of bureaucrats to comply with information requests that could expose poor performance. Analyzing a new data set on the performance of approximately 20,000 aid projects financed by 12 donor agencies in 183 countries, we find that enforcement matters: the adoption of ATI policies by agencies is associated with better project outcomes when these policies include independent appeals processes for denied information requests but with no improvement when they do not. We also recover evidence that project staff adjust their behavior in anticipation of ATI appeals, and that the performance dividends of appeals processes increase when bottom‐up collective action is easier and mechanisms of project oversight are weak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Narratives of negative patient experiences expressed in complaints can help health care professionals reflect on their practices. Aims: To synthesise evidence from qualitative primary studies on patients' negative experiences with different health care settings and to obtain a detailed picture of what patients find problematic while receiving health care. Design: Metasynthesis inspired by Sandelowski and Barroso. Methods: A protocol was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), PsycInfo (Ovid) and Scopus, on 20.04.2021. Backward and forward citations of included reports were searched for relevant studies and the search was completed in March 2022. Two researchers independently screened and appraised the included reports. A metasynthesis using reflexive thematic analysis and a metasummary were conducted. Results: Twenty‐four reports were included, and four main themes were extracted from the metasynthesis: (1) problems with access to health care services; (2) failure to acquire information about diagnosis, treatment and the expected patient role; (3) experiencing inappropriate care and bad treatment; (4) problems with trusting health care service providers. Conclusions: Negative patient experiences impact patients' physical and psychological health, leading to suffering and hampering patients from involving themselves in their health care. Relevance to clinical practice: Narratives of negative patient experiences aggregated from the findings provide knowledge about what patients need and expect from health care providers. These narratives can help health care professionals reflect on the way they interact with patients and improve their practice. Health care organisations need to prioritise patient participation. Reporting method: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Patient or public contribution: Findings were presented and discussed in a meeting with a reference group representing patients, health care professionals and the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: This study aimed (a) to identify the communication issues and problems faced by individuals with hearing impairment (HI)/deafness during the COVID‐19 pandemic and (b) to describe strategies to overcome the issues/problems and/or prevent their negative impact. Background: Individuals with mild or severe HI face everyday communication problems, which have been worsened during the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, no studies have summarised the available evidence to better understand the communication challenges faced by them and strategies allowing better interactions. The long duration of the outbreak—more than 2 years, with policies that have just been lifted in some countries—and the possible return of restrictions in the next Winter suggest the need to summarise evidence in the field. Design and methods: A rapid review is reported here in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. Medline, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched, including (a) primary or secondary studies published from January 2020 to 12 January 2022, (b) involving individuals with HI/deafness, (c) during the COVID‐19 pandemic and (d) written in English. Data were extracted and summarised by using a content analysis approach. Patient or public contribution: No Patient or Public Contribution. Results: Fourteen studies were included as follows: three non‐systematic reviews, seven cross‐sectional, three quasi‐ experimental and one qualitative study, performed mainly in the US and the UK. Face mask covering use; physical and social distancing; and information, education, rehabilitation, and healthcare accessibility have emerged as the main challenges triggering consequences such as social isolation, loneliness, poor knowledge regarding the prevention and mental health issues. Strategies mitigating these challenges are as follows: (a) adopting transparent face masks, (b) using basic skills while interacting (e.g. maintaining eye contact), (c) improving the availability of sign language interpreters, (d) allowing the presence of family members and (e) teaching basics of sign language to healthcare professionals. Conclusions and relevance to clinical practice: Individuals with HI/deafness live with several challenges, suggesting that their vulnerability has increased tremendously during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The effectiveness of strategies to overcome these difficulties should be scrutinised by conducting more research. Moreover, there should be increased awareness among all citizens by equipping them with simple strategies to communicate effectively with individuals with HI, an approach that may increase inclusiveness and prevent further negative consequences and burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To provide an overview and synthesis of the current evidence on healthcare aides' involvement in team decision‐making in long‐term care. Background: Healthcare aides provide the most direct care to residents in long‐term care homes and are uniquely positioned to influence the quality of care. Yet, they are not typically included in team decisions for improving resident care. As demand for long‐term care increases, it is essential that we have a comprehensive understanding of ways to support healthcare aides' role on the interprofessional team for decision‐making about resident care. Design: Narrative review. Method: Five electronic databases were searched for articles published in English between 2008 and 2020. Thematic analysis was conducted to synthesise findings using an organising framework. Reporting followed the PRISMA‐ScR. Results: Twelve studies were included. Results indicate that work environment factors that influenced (supported or hindered) healthcare aides' involvement in decision‐making included information access/availability, hierarchical staffing structures and supervisor support/shared governance. Relational processes that influenced team decision‐making included team communication and collaboration, information sharing and exchange, and the quality of work relationships among team members. Strategies are discussed that could address the identified barriers and support healthcare aides' active involvement in team decisions regarding resident care. Conclusions: This review highlights the pervasive underutilization of healthcare aides, who have the most knowledge of residents to support person‐centred care. There remains a paucity of research on healthcare aides' involvement in team decision‐making. Research is needed to examine the effectiveness of interventions to support healthcare aides' participation in decision‐making and the impact on staff and resident outcomes. Relevance to Clinical Practice: It is crucial that healthcare aides are afforded opportunities to be part of the interprofessional team for information sharing and decision‐making for resident care. Managers play a key role in supporting healthcare aides' inclusion in decision‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To describe the quality of information coming from previous care units to palliative care. Background: Information quality is an interconnected concept that includes different dimensions and can be viewed from different perspectives. More knowledge is needed from a multi‐professional perspective on the information quality coming to palliative care. Design: Descriptive qualitative study. Methods: Altogether 33 registered nurses, practical nurses, social workers and physicians working in palliative care were purposively selected to participate in thematic interviews. The research was carried out in six palliative care units in three hospital districts. The data were analysed by using deductive and inductive content analysis. The COREQ checklist was used. Results: Three main categories with thirteen categories were identified in connection with the deductive analysis based on the Clinical Information Quality framework: (1). Informativeness of information coming from previous care units to palliative care included accuracy, completeness, interpretability, plausibility, provenance and relevance. (2). Availability of information coming from previous care units to palliative care included accessibility, portability, security and timeliness. (3). Usability of information coming from previous care units to palliative care included conformance, consistency and maintainability. Each category is divided into sub‐categories followed by narratives of their content. Conclusions: This study provides new knowledge on the quality of information coming to palliative care from a multi‐professional perspective. Professionals working in palliative care units highlight issues describing good information quality, but also point out quality issues and areas for improvement. Relevance to clinical practice: The results can guide the development of documentation practices and Health Information System development as well as be used in the generation of a new audit instrument of information quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a group of investors with dispersed private information jointly invest in a risky project, how should they divide the project's profit? We show that a simple contract dividing profits in proportion to investors' risk tolerances may facilitate information aggregation by altering investors' risk‐taking incentives when they decide on how investment strategies respond to private information. Our results provide a contracting‐based approach for information aggregation, which is an alternative to learning from endogenous market variables (e.g., prices) via contingent schedules as seen in well‐known rational expectations equilibrium models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To identify how patients and carers collaborate to manage nutrition care throughout and beyond head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment as a step towards identifying changes to service delivery that are inclusive of the needs of the patient–carer dyad. Background: Research in the field of dyadic interventions in cancer care is emerging, and there has been little work exploring patient–carer dyad needs in the provision of nutrition care in HNC. Design: A qualitative study design was used. Methods: Narrative interviews were completed with 13 patients and 15 carers over a 12‐month period (prior to treatment commencing, and 2 weeks, 3 months and 12 months post‐treatment completion). Deductive analysis of interview transcripts was performed using directed content analysis guided by the Theory of Dyadic Illness Management (TDIM). COREQ guidelines were used. Results: Seven themes across four TDIM constructs were identified: (1) understanding and adapting to physical challenges impacting nutrition intake, (2) adjusting to emotional impact of changes to eating and drinking, (3) providing practical support, (4) intrapersonal characteristics, (5) interpersonal characteristics, (6) healthcare culture and (7) managing carer burnout. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of healthcare professionals recognising the patient and carer dyad as a team to enhance engagement in nutrition care and to ensure that their physical and psychological support needs across the cancer continuum are met. Relevance to clinical practice: It is important that healthcare professionals understand information and support needs and preferences within patient–carer dyads prior to HNC treatment commencing and adapt care and interventions based on their changing needs throughout and beyond the treatment period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze a model in which different traders are informed of different fundamentals that affect the security value. We identify a source for strategic complementarities in trading and information acquisition: aggressive trading on information about one fundamental reduces uncertainty in trading on information about the other fundamental, encouraging more trading and information acquisition on that fundamental. This tends to amplify the effect of exogenous changes in the underlying information environment. Due to complementarities, greater diversity of information in the economy improves price informativeness. We discuss the relation between our model and recent financial phenomena and derive testable empirical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although sell-side analysts often privately interact with managers of publicly traded firms, the private nature of this contact has historically obscured direction examination. By examining a set of proprietary records compiled by a large-cap NYSE-traded firm, I offer insights into which analysts privately meet with management, when analysts privately interact with management, and why these interactions occur. I also compare private interaction to public interaction between analysts and managers on conference calls. The evidence suggests that private interaction with management is an important communication channel for analysts for reasons other than firm-specific forecasting news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The global COVID‐19 pandemic has led to massive disruptions in daily life, business, education, lifestyle and economies worldwide. Nurses are a professional group who care directly for COVID‐19 patients and thus face direct exposure to the virus. The nurses who work on the front lines during this period put their own well‐being at risk to care for these patients. Purpose/Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the experiences and challenges faced by nurses working in pandemic clinics in Turkey during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: This qualitative study was based on semi‐structured in‐depth interviews conducted through the mobile application Whatsapp with 19 nurses who were actively working in pandemic clinics. Due to the pandemic, the snowball sampling method was used to reach the sample group. Interviews were continued until data saturation was achieved. All interviews were audio recorded and later transcribed. The study data were interpreted according to themes identified using thematic analysis. Throughout the study, the authors followed the COREQ checklist. Results: The experiences of nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients were summarised into five major themes: psychosocial adaptation, protection, difficulty in care and treatment, access to information and working conditions. Conclusion: Nurses caring for COVID‐19 patients in Turkey have been affected psychologically, socially and physiologically. They experienced stigmatisation, exhaustion and burnout. One of the biggest challenges for the nurses was difficulty providing physical care and treatment due to the use of personal protective equipment. Nurses want improved compensation in addition to applause from the public. Interventions to help bolster nurses' psychological and physiological strength are recommended. Relevance to clinical practice: This study emphasised nurses' psychologically, socially and physiologically affected. Therefore, improvements in financial and moral support would provide psychological reinforcement for nurses during the epidemic. Informing the public is necessary to reduce the stigmatisation of nurses working in pandemic clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new measure of private information in decentralized markets—connections—which exploits the time variation in the number of dealers with whom a client trades in a time period. Using trade‐level data for the U.K. government bond market, we show that clients perform better when having more connections as their trades predict future price movements. Time variation in market‐wide connections also helps explain yield dynamics. Given our novel measure, we present two applications suggesting that (i) dealers pass on information, acquired from their informed clients, to their affiliates, and (ii) informed clients better predict the orderflow intermediated by their dealers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐deal roadshows (NDRs) are private meetings between management and institutional investors, typically organized by sell‐side analysts. We find that around NDRs, local institutional investors trade heavily and profitably, while retail trading is significantly less informed. Analysts who sponsor NDRs issue significantly more optimistic recommendations and target prices, together with more "beatable" earnings forecasts, consistent with analysts issuing strategically biased forecasts to win NDR business. Our results suggest that NDRs result in a substantial information advantage for institutional investors and create significant conflicts of interests for the analysts who organize them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented on utilization of technology to prepare nurses to thrive and lead to revolutionize health care. It expresses the importance of global healthcare ecosystem begs for new processes, models, systems and products. AN overview of effects of Industry on health education characterized by the fusion and requirement of virtual reality, augmented reality, AI, machine learning for nursing schools is presented.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the experiences of individuals discussing sexual well‐being with healthcare professions within the context of their cardiac illness to determine their sexual health information needs. Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and known to have a detrimental impact on sexual health. Despite sexual health being recognised as a fundamental component of well‐being, it may be a neglected aspect of care within the context of cardiovascular disease. Design: A qualitative exploratory study conducted in accordance with COREQ guidelines. Methods: We conducted semi‐structured interviews with participants (n = 13) aged between 30–77 years who had been diagnosed with a cardiovascular disease. Data were transcribed and subject to thematic analysis. Results/findings: Analysis revealed two major themes—Sexual healthcare information and expectations: Iexpect them to tell me and Experiences of sexual adversity: it'sreally scary. Although participants expected and welcomed information in relation to their illness and sexual health, this was rarely received. Subsequently, when some participants experienced sexual adversity including erectile dysfunction, they felt anxious and distressed which impacted their intimated relationships. It was often when participants sought information associated with adversity that information was provided and this was primarily in relation to medication associated with assisting dysfunction. Conclusion: Individuals who have cardiovascular disease may require sexual health care. Nurses are well placed to provide information and education associated with cardiovascular disease and associated sexual well‐being to promote positive outcomes for individuals and minimise distress around sexual adversity. Relevance to clinical practice: Findings highlight the importance of providing clear and accurate information about sexual well‐being and function to patients experiencing cardiovascular disease. Provision of information should be considered an essential and routine aspect of care with patients being afforded opportunities to discuss concerns associated with their sexual well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To assess formative and summative milestones in a digital course and the reach to low‐ and middle‐income countries of a Massive Open Online Course focussing on supporting nurses dealing with an emerging pandemic. Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has ravaged the globe and increased the need for timely and accurate information from reliable sources. Access to reliable and accurate information, as well as support, is important in achieving health systems strengthening. Using a Massive Open Online Course format, an educational resource aimed at large‐scale interactive participation via the Internet, and participants were engaged in a course focussing on nursing in a time of crisis and involved using social learning principles. Design: Observational descriptive study. Method: Routinely collected data were collated during the period of 18 May–18 July 2020 focused on both formative and summative milestones in the course. Data were separated and classified by income in accordance with the publicly accessible 2020 World Bank Open Dataset. Results: During the 2‐month period of observation (18 May–18 July 2020), 10,130 individuals from 156 countries enrolled in the course. More than 51% of participants were Active Learners. Thirty per cent completed over 90% of the course content by the end. There was widespread distribution of learners in low‐ and middle‐income countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America. Conclusion: The COVID‐19 pandemic has underscored the importance of reliable and valid information sources. The use of Massive Open Online Course format can facilitate dissemination. Relevance to clinical practice: In the context of a dynamic global pandemic, leveraging digital resources to allow access to reliable information and resources is important. Incentivising participation through recognition of learning is important. Engaging in a social learning platform also has the power for reflection, promotion of resilience and capacity for health systems strengthening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To review the literature on patients' experiences of surgery cancellation to gain knowledge of nursing care needs and identify gaps in evidence. Background: Surgery cancellations are an ongoing challenge in healthcare systems with negative impacts on healthcare costs, hospital staff and patients. Most research addresses the reasons for cancellation and implementation of preventive interventions, but limited knowledge exists about patients' experiences of cancellation. Design: The scoping review was undertaken using the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute for Scoping Reviews and the Reporting Cheklist for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). Methods: A systematic search was conducted by two independent researchers in Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO. A forward and backward citation search was performed in Scopus, and references in relevant studies were explored. The tool Covidence was applied to select, compare and discuss relevant articles. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used for critical appraisal. Results: Surgery cancellation is emotionally harmful with negative effects on patients. Four themes were identified: 'Initial reactions to cancellation', 'Reactions during a new waiting period at home and during readmission to hospital', 'Information about cancellation' and 'The experience of new practical arrangements'. Patients whose surgery was cancelled experienced initial feelings such as anger, rejection and anxiety and physical/psychosomatic symptoms in the extended waiting period. Patients prefered early sufficient information about cancellation from the surgeon. The practical arrangements were stressfull for the patients. Conclusion: Nursing care and identification of vulnerable patients are essential to prevent negative effects in the extended waiting period. Provision of timely, sufficient and professional information about cancellation from the surgeon is important. Further research assessing consequences of cancellation is needed. Relevance to clinical practice: Patients would benefit if hospitals find systems to minimise cancellation, and healthcare professionals could systematically develop professional supportive interventions tailored to patients' individual needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article reports on managing and sharing research data in children's palliative care. Topics include Children's palliative care (CPC) is a growing specialist area, focusing on holistic support for children and young people with life-limiting illness; and to safeguard research participants' research data has proposed strategies including effective anonymization of data to prevent breach of confidentiality; and obtaining consent for the long-term storage and potential re-use of data.

This article offers a first subnational analysis of the relationship between states' dynamic control of Internet access and their use of violent repression. I argue that where governments provide Internet access, surveillance of digital information exchange can provide intelligence that enables the use of more targeted forms of repression, in particular in areas not fully controlled by the regime. Increasing restrictions on Internet accessibility can impede opposition organization, but they limit access to information on precise targets, resulting in an increase in untargeted repression. I present new data on killings in the Syrian conflict that distinguish between targeted and untargeted events, using supervised text classification. I find that higher levels of Internet accessibility are associated with increases in targeted repression, whereas areas with limited access experience more indiscriminate campaigns of violence. The results offer important implications on how governments incorporate the selective access to communication technology into their strategies of coercion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For years, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) accidentally distributed securities disclosures to some investors before the public. We exploit this setting, which is unique because the delay until public disclosure was exogenous and the private information window was well defined, to study informed trading with a random stopping time. Trading intensity and the pace at which prices incorporate information decrease with the expected delay until public release, but the relation between trading intensity and time elapsed varies with traders' learning process. Noise trading and relative information advantage play similar roles as in standard microstructure theories assuming a fixed time window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the promotion of data availability by the journal in relation to the need for data in strategic management research. Topics include issues related to proprietary data, the journal's requests for voluntary data disclosure by journal authors in a data repository, and the use of badges to recognize articles and authors who make data available.

An editorial is presented on the importance of updating systematic reviews and explores considerations for determining when and how to update a review. Topics include need to maintain the relevancy and credibility of reviews through periodic searching for new evidence; and the distinction between updating and replicating a review and emphasizes the need for guidance on the issues in nursing research.

Aims and objectives: To evaluate the availability of, adherence to, and perceived usefulness of guidelines and protocols for managing hydration and subcutaneous hydration in palliative care settings. Background: Hydration at the end of life and the use of a subcutaneous route to hydrate generate some controversy among health professionals for different reasons. Having guidelines and protocols to assist in decision‐making and to follow a standard procedure may be relevant in clinical practice. Design: Cross‐sectional telephone survey, with closed‐ended and open‐ended questions designed specifically for this study. Methods: Data were obtained from 327 professionals, each from a different palliative care service. Mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum were calculated for continuous variables; frequency distributions were obtained for categorical variables. A qualitative content analysis was performed on the open‐ended questions. The article adheres to the STROBE guidelines for reporting observational studies. Results: Only 24.8% of the participants had guidelines available to assist in making decisions regarding hydration, and 55.6% claimed to follow them 'always or almost always'. Of the participants, 38.8% had subcutaneous hydration protocols available, while 78.7% stated that they 'always or almost always' followed these protocols. The remaining participants considered the protocols as useful tools despite not having them available. Conclusions: Only 25% of the participants' services had guidelines for hydration, and less than 40% had protocols for subcutaneous hydration. However, adherence was high, especially in cases where protocols existed. Among the participants who did not have guidelines and protocols, attitudes were mostly favourable, but mainly as a reference and support for an individualised clinical practice. Relevance to clinical practice: Guidelines and protocols on hydration in palliative care may be more useful as a solid reference and support for individualised practice than as instruments for standardising care. From this perspective, their development and availability in palliative care services are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze how proxy advisors, which sell voting recommendations to shareholders, affect corporate decision‐making. If the quality of the advisor's information is low, there is overreliance on its recommendations and insufficient private information production. In contrast, if the advisor's information is precise, it may be underused because the advisor rations its recommendations to maximize profits. Overall, the advisor's presence leads to more informative voting only if its information is sufficiently precise. We evaluate several proposals on regulating proxy advisors and show that some suggested policies, such as reducing proxy advisors' market power or decreasing litigation pressure, can have negative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To evaluate online information on dysmenorrhoea, including readability, credibility, quality and usability. Background: Menstrual pain impacts 45%–95% of women of reproductive age globally and is the leading cause of school and work absences among women. Women often seek online information on dysmenorrhoea; however, little is known about the information quality. Design: This was a descriptive study to evaluate online information on dysmenorrhoea. Methods: We imitated search strategies of the general public. Specifically, we employed the three most popular search engines worldwide—Google, Yahoo and Bing—and used lay search terms, "period pain" and "menstrual cramps." We screened 60 web pages. Following removal of duplicates and irrelevant web pages, 25 met the eligibility criteria. Two team members independently evaluated the included web pages using standardised tools. Readability was evaluated with the Flesch–Kincaid Reading Ease and Flesch–Kincaid Grade formulas; credibility, quality and usability were evaluated with established tools. We followed the STROBE checklist for reporting this study. Results: For readability, the mean Flesch–Kincaid level was 10th grade. For credibility, 8% of web pages referenced scientific literature and 28% stated the author's name and qualifications. For quality, no web page employed user‐driven content production; 8% of web pages referenced evidence‐based guidelines, 32% of web pages had accurate content, and 4% of web pages recommended shared decision‐making. Most web pages were interactive and included nontextual information. Some nontextual information was inaccurate. Conclusion: Online information on dysmenorrhoea has generally low readability, mixed credibility and variable quality. Relevance to clinical practice: Strategies to improve health information on dysmenorrhoea include avoiding complex terms, incorporating visual aids, presenting evidence‐based information and developing a decision aid to support shared decision‐making. Healthcare providers should be aware of the problematic health information that individuals are exposed to and provide education about how to navigate online health information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Advanced Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)