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The COVID-19 pandemic forced the French health authorities to take some restrictive regulatory decisions. Among these, the restriction of consultations in general practice was probably not well received by the profession. In this qualitative study, the authors explore how general practitioners felt about the way the health authorities managed the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on collapse of communism left only one model to persist as capitalism and its need for endless growth. Topics include examines gradually the need for social progress no longer had any reason to exist in the absence of a rival to capitalism and considered neoliberalism has dominated since the 1980s with the theorization of a model of wealth creation widely promoted by the United States/United Kingdom couple.

Résumé: En France, le Groupe santé environnement (GSE) réunit experts scientifiques et décideurs politiques pour élaborer les politiques de santé environnement. Cependant, dix ans après son lancement, son bilan apparaît mitigé. Son institutionnalisation, avec une gouvernance appropriée et des moyens suffisants, permettrait d'améliorer l'efficacité de ces politiques. In France, the Groupe santé environnement (Environmental Health Group) brings together scientific experts and political decision-makers to develop environmental health policies. However, ten years after its launch, its record is mixed. Its institutionalization, with appropriate governance and sufficient resources, should help improve the effectiveness of these policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1994, at the Helsinki Conference, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined environmental health as the discipline that 'refers to all aspects of human health, including quality of life, that are determined by the physical, chemical, biological, social, psychological and aesthetic factors of our environment'. For the first time, health and environment interactions are officially recognized by health authorities. In France, it is not until 2004 and the publication of the first National Health and Environment Plan (PNSE1 - 2004-2008) that this orientation is integrated into the health policy. The following National Environmental Health Plans (PNSE2 (2009-2013) and PNSE3 (2015-2019) identify on the one hand, pregnant women and young children as vulnerable populations, and on other hand the need for training in environmental health for all the health professionals. In 2016, this last point is supported by the Health System Modernization Law. Moreover, the specific orientation 'Informing and protecting people against environmental health risks' is integrated into the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) program for the period 2015-2018. Despite this, environmental health is still poorly understood. Given the stakes on current and future populations, environmental health must be developed in France and perinatal health professionals must integrate its principles into their daily care practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high rate of growth in health expenditure, and in particular pharmaceutical expenditure, which represents a large part of it, leads the public authorities to seek its control, particularly by means of partial or total reimbursement policies. But at the same time, why are some medicines still being reimbursed while their reassessment concluded of an insufficient therapeutic benefit (known as SMR in French) and a recommendation that they should not to be taken over by national solidarity? There are regular breaks in the supply of products, some of which are considered as essential, breaks followed by the promotion of "novelties", for which there are not necessarily obvious differences to the eyes outside the price. Many studies published in major international journals and on which the promotion of the drug is based are in fact sponsored, financed and published directly under the supervision of pharmaceutical manufacturers. Even if there is now a requirement to publish "all" results, including negative ones, only a rigorous critical reading often reveals bias and genuine interest for the patient. Finally, despite a frantic hunt for conflicts of interest, the majority of doctors' training remains under the control of the drug industry. What are the consequences? Is another way possible? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Depuis le début de la pandémie à Covid-19, Santé Publique France propose des indicateurs à des niveaux d'intérêt administratif. Entre le niveau départemental et la commune, il en existe un autre d'intérêt scientifique : les aires d'attraction des villes. Ce niveau représente en effet la réalité des déplacements, notamment entre le domicile et le travail. Nous montrons ici la faisabilité d'utilisation de cet échelon pour les cartes de Santé Publique France, ses intérêts et ses limites. Pour mieux répondre à la pandémie, il convient d'employer l'échelle la plus proche de la réalité quotidienne et non seulement l'échelle la plus pratique administrativement. Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, Santé Publique France has been proposing indicators at levels of administrative interest. Between the departmental level and the commune, there is another one of scientific interest: the urban catchment areas. This level represents the reality of travel, particularly between home and work. We show here the feasibility of using this level for the Santé Publique France maps, its interests and its limits. In order to respond better to the pandemic, it is advisable to use the scale that is closest to daily reality and not just the most practical administrative scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perinatal period is one of the domains of public health which attracted an approach based on reports and governmental plans. The objective of this article is to identify the stages of the public health action depending upon indicators of perinatal health, French data compared with European data, and actions based on public health issues. The perinatal policies were developed since 1945 around an organization centered on health services to evolve towards a policy based on an approach on medical-psychosocial risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sciences Sociales et Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médecine et Santé Tropicales is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Néphrologie & Thérapeutique is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)