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One method for disposing of old, damaged, or misprinted Qur’an pages is to burn them. Recently, there have been cases of al-Quran mushaf disposal management that do not comply with the maqasid of al-Quran text disposal as stipulated in established guidelines. Furthermore, the number of damaged al-Quran manuscripts is growing, making the collection site increasingly limited in capacity. To save money and space, it was discovered that some institutions in charge of disposal have delegated this task to unauthorized parties, such as non-Muslim parties, which disposed of al-Quran text at paper mills. Therefore, this article discusses the perspectives and evaluations of religious scholars on the methods used by Malaysian institutions to dispose of al-Quran text. Document analysis and interviews with the State Muftis of Selangor, Kelantan and Terengganu were used to collect data. It was done through semi-structured interviews and descriptive analysis. According to findings, the Malaysian government has implemented several methods. One method used is to burn it to ashes, bury it, and then wash it into the sea. Many authorised institutions carry out disposal in accordance with the established guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrating Quranic verses with acquired knowledge is necessary, along with knowledge and technology development. This helps in understanding the Quranic verses that are relevant to those fields and further exploring the contents of the Quran more broadly. However, the form of integration of the Quran with aqli knowledge and the conditions for such integration based on the expert agreement have not been highlighted. This study aims to design and develop the integration of Quranic verses with acquired knowledge form and its condition based on the discipline of Quranic exegesis. The study used the three-phase Design and Development Research (DDR) approach, and this paper only discussed the second phase, design and development. The form of the integration and its condition was designed based on the literature review and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) by seven (7) experts in the related field of study. Then, the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) was used to develop the form and condition. Twelve (12) experts in Quranic exegesis have participated in FDM. Experts’ consensus has been obtained in developing the forms for integrating Quranic verses with acquired knowledge and its conditions. The forms involve eleven items: Discussion of Concept, Discussion of the Quranic Approach, Explanation of function, Explanation of feature, Explanation of process, Explanation of cause and effect, Rational explanation of aspects of language, Explanation of Islamic legislation’s wisdom, Explanation of historiography and geography of the stories in the Quran, Inspirational Innovation by the Quran, Translational Technology from the Quran. The conditions for integrating consist of nine items and the experts emphasise the conditions concerning ethics more than the conditions relating to interpretation content. This study has significant implications for using new methods, namely design and development research. This study also contributes to the Quranic studies itself using quantitative and qualitative studies that combine various methods in one study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood plasma is one of the constituents of blood. It is used in food products today due to its rich protein content. Its purpose is to increase the chewiness and improve the texture of food products, especially in producing processed products such as meatballs and surimi. There needs to be clarity regarding the determination of blood plasma ruling, whether it follows the ruling principles established in Islam or not. Thus, this paper intended to apply the principle of determining the ruling of blood plasma in food products according to Islam. This qualitative study used expert interviews and literature review methods by referring to books and journals related to blood plasma. This study established four application principles in determining blood plasma ruling: the principle of halal and haram food, the principle of istihalah, the principle of maslahah, and the principle of darurah. The use of blood plasma is haram because it contradicts the requirements of Islamic sharia and thus opposes the principles of determining the ruling of food based on blood plasma. This study is relevant for authorities such as JAKIM’s Halal Hub to improve the existing system. Further, it benefits the manufacturers and the general public in preparing and choosing food according to the ruling principles set by Islam. Analyses related to the use of blood plasma in food products involving laboratory studies and fiqh research can also be carried out in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saadia Al-Fayyumi was one of the medieval scholars of Jewish law who lived in Muslim societies. He was the first in Iraq to defend Rabbinic Judaism against the opponents and skeptics of its religious heritage and he was influenced in his defense by Islamic thought. Previous studies discussed Saadia’s defense of the Written and Oral law and illustrated Saadia’s polemical writings against the Karaites. The current paper discusses the influence of Islam on Saadia’s method in defending Rabbinic Judaism. Also, this essay illustrates the influence of Islamic thought on Saadia’s arguments to pave the way for the Rabbis to use reason like the Mu’tazilah to defend their beliefs and provided them with arguments and proofs. Clearly, Islamic thought was a principle for Saadia to establish the foundations of faith. He laid down the principles of faith just as the Mu’tazilah and was influenced by Mu’tazilah’s thoughts, Muslim jurists, Islamic theological doctrines, and their various ideas related to religious matters. Also, Saadia agreed with the Islamic theological sects in using logical evidences and religious texts as defensive tools to defend his beliefs. This Islamic influence on Jewish thought was a factor in its development, especially in light of the Arab-Islamic civilization in the medieval ages between 10th and the 15th centuries CE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights the scholarship of a Moroccan Muslim luminary, ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Talīdī. Although his scholarship is recognised by numerous scholars across the globe and appreciated through his works, there has been no academic studies, especially in the Malay language that explores the history, the scholarship, and the contribution of al-Talīdī to the intellectual tradition of Islam. This paper attempts to fill this gap by conducting a library study and a targeted analysis within his works. It also provides an overview of al-Ṣiddīqiyyah al-Ghumāriyyah school due to its tremendous influence on al-Talīdī. The study of this scholarship will further explain the Salafi and Sufi polemics that underlie the neo-traditionalist endeavours in Morocco. Subsequently, al-Talīdī’s work Bidāyat al-Wuṣūl bi-Lubb Ṣiḥāḥ al-Ummāhāt wa al-Uṣūl will be given a detailed analysis for it is not limited to only ṣaḥīḥ ḥadīths but covers all important acceptable ḥadīths. The work can be regarded an extended version of al-Nawawī’s 40 ḥadīths, yet without limitation to a particular theme such as in Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn or Bulūgh al-Marām. This study finds that the diversity of stances and conflicts within the circle of al-Ṣiddīqiyyah al-Ghumāriyyah prove that ijtihād has been constantly practised alongside the zāwiyah tradition. Although al-Talīdī was not well known as a nāqid in the contemporary ḥadīth scholarship, he has contributed to the education of the public through Bidāyat al-Wuṣūl. This demonstrated that the verification of ḥadīth and the sifting away of rejected ḥadīths are significantly crucial in the modern discourse of Islam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During Trump’s administration, the United States has introduced a peace plan in the Middle East known as the “Deal of the Century” (DOTC). The DOTC was a plan to propose a “solution” for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The plan has invited criticisms following Trump’s administration which recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and moved the US embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. What was the content of the peace plan and how will it be implemented? Why such a decision has been taken by Trump? Will Joe Biden, who is now replacing Trump as the US President, continue with the DOTC plan? To answer these questions, this paper aims to examine the content of the deal and analyze its impacts on the Israeli-Palestinian peace process and stability in the Middle East region. To achieve this objective, critical content analysis has been made on the DOTC peace plan as well as existing reports and studies related to DOTC. Basically, the content of the DOTC peace plan gave more advantage to Israel, which indicates the US’ pro-Israel attitude. The deal will further complicate the peace process between Israel and Palestine because it only benefits one side. In addition, the DOTC also has the potential to cause a remapping process of the Middle East and invite the involvement of regional powers. This paper argues DOTC as a failed project because it was unable to attract the stakeholders to the negotiation. The deal is expected not to be continued by Biden who is likely to come up with his own peace plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship has been an endeavour carried out by people who are industry players and whom have good intentions in achieving concrete socio-economic development leading to prosperity for the general populace. In Islam, entrepreneurship is meant not only for fulfilling on material individuals needs, society and the country, but is also as a way of worship. The growth of the Muslim population around the world has somehow paved a way for more Muslim entrepreneurs to get involved in entrepreneurship activities in responding towards the current market as well as abiding with the religious teachings. To date, studies have hardly looked into the research trends pertaining to Islamic entrepreneurship. Hence, it is the attempt of the present study to provide some insights regarding the focus of research, the trends and the gaps to be filled by future researchers. Guided by the PRISMA Statement research method, a systematic review of scientific databases and manual search on established sources identified 84 related studies based on five properties namely types of paper, countries of studies, research design, research topics, and overall research trends. Findings revealed that most of papers are original studies, conducted in Malaysia, and being exploratory in nature. Four themes and fourteen sub-themes related to Islamic entrepreneurship were identified, comprising organizational characteristics (6 sub-themes), entrepreneurs’ traits (4 sub-themes), enterprise support system (2 sub-themes), and external forces (4 sub-themes). Overall, no topic has yet to approach the saturation level in research. This study may guide future researchers in expanding their researches in Islamic entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Waqf development in Malaysia benefits the economy and society, mostly in terms of facilities, education, investment, and others. Due to the massive development of the waqf industry, digitalization is deemed as a facilitative instrument in the operation of waqf. With the usage of digital platforms, the collection of waqf funds becomes more efficient and widely dispersed among Muslims. In this context, blockchain has become a new phenomenon, functioning as a ground-breaking innovation connected to bitcoin. The core idea behind a blockchain is that its users can access the ledger independently of a third party. Additionally, the blockchain counts all network nodes equally, taking human and computer communication into account without any special treatment or discrimination. Without realizing it, several waqf institutions have already applied this approach using their own platform. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review the potential application of blockchain in waqf institutions by referring to previous applications in other countries in the Middle East and Asia such as Oman, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Methodology wise, this paper employs the Systematic Literature Review which consists of the processes of identification in evaluation of the data from September 2022 until October 2022 by using related keywords to study. Secondly, is screening process which entails the process of choosing articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study screened all the 49 selected articles by choosing the criteria for articles selection which is done automatically based on the sorting function available in the database. Thirdly, eligibility which the authors manually monitored the retrieved articles to ensure all the remaining articles (after the screening process) are in line with the criteria. Lastly, the quality appraisal which to ensure that the substance of the articles was of high quality. The findings are important for waqf institutions to realize the potential benefit of blockchain in improving the efficiency of waqf operations towards attaining sustainable socio-economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fintech or financial technologies is currently a new phenomena in the banking and financial industry. Islamic Finance industry also embracing this new technology and sweeping across the financial world to be part of the revolution. The studies of Islamic Fintech is still limited and underexplored, particularly on the demand side i.e.consumer. This paper intended to examine the influence of spiritual intelligence quotient (SQ) to the behavioral intention of Islamic Fintech adoption among consumers in Malaysia. To achieve this objective, this paper adopts a content analysis approach. The analysis is drawn from the perusals of academic journals and relevant documents based on thematical theories in SQ and adoption of Islamic Fintech. The review has found that SQ have positive nexus with behavior of consumers in Islamic Fintech adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sheikh Sulaiman al-Rasuli was a well-known ulama (scholar) in education as well as an important political figure. This paper discusses the political activities of Sheikh Sulaiman al-Rasuli using a content analysis approach with historical methods. In addition, this paper also uses the creative minority theory developed by Toynbee that oppression always gives birth to a small group of creative minority. The findings in this study are that, Sheikh Sulaiman al-Rasuli as a politician, dealt with colonialism by taking a cooperative way which politically benefitted the Minangkabau community. During the Dutch colonial period, Sheikh Sulaiman al-Rasuli successfully established VIOS (Vereeniging Ittihadul Oelama Sumatra), the Tarbiah Islamiyah Association (PERTI), and stopped the Marriage Bill which was drafted by the Dutch colonialists from becoming law. During the Japanese occupation, Sheikh Sulaiman al-Rasuli formed the Minangkabau Islamic High Council (MITM), served as General Chair of the Assembly and successfully inspired youth to join the People’s Army. After independence, Sheikh Sulaiman al-Rasuli became chairman of the Constituent Assembly session in 1955 and was the highest advisor to the Tarbiyah Islamiyah Unity Party. He was also one of the founding figures of Lasykar Muslimin Indonesia (Lasymi), advisor to the Military Governor of Central Sumatra and Chairman of the MUSI Commission (All Indonesian Ulema Council) in Palembang in opposing communism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extremism is a long-standing issue. When this ideology is linked to religion, it not only revolves around the implications of violence but also becomes the basis for the formation of heretical and deviant teachings from the flow of Sunah Waljamaah members. To eradicate it, the approach should be collective and require the cooperation of all parties. The basic concept of it should be true, authentic and convincing. It must come from a complete, systematic and consistent source and academic structure so that criticism and reflection on this ideology is seen to be organized, fair and easy to understand. Among the great figures of Islam who have evaluated and written systematically about this ideology is Yusuf al-Qaradawi, a Muslim scholar born in Egypt who resides in Doha, Qatar. He was one of the most influential Islamic scholars during his lifetime. He is also known as a simple but firm thinker. His views on simplicity have been widely commented, quoted and dissected by other Islamic scholars around the world. But despite this modesty, he is also known as a firm person who has a hard and consistent view on the ideology of extremism and religious extremism. Therefore, this paper will examine and discuss his views, criticisms and reflections on the ideology of extremism and religious extremism. This article is part of the findings of a study on Islam and extremism in Malaysia that uses a qualitative and quantitative approach as a data collection method. Content analysis which mostly involved materials from his writings was used in addition to semi-structured interviews which were used to get the views of religious figures, activists and local authorities related to this matter. Analysis of the results of the study found that Yusuf al-Qaradawi has covered this in many of his writings, either reflecting specifically on this ideology or mentioning the implications of this ideology through his writings in matters of life in general. His views are also central to most of the writings of other Islamic figures when writing and talking about extremism and religious extremism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A teacher plays a vital role in shaping students’ character other than parents. The character of a teacher must be aligned with Islamic law in every aspect and portray Islam as a holistic way of life before educating students to become a comprehensive human being. This concept paper aims to study the characteristics that must be present within every Muslim teacher to become an excellent educator. Qualitative research method through content analysis research design was used. Data collected from books, articles in journals, proceedings, theses and dissertations were analyzed descriptively. The study discusses a teacher’s characteristics that were documented by Islamic scholars. Albeit lack of extensive study thus far, previous literature recorded that the effective characteristics of a Muslim teacher should be given attention. Based on Islamic scholars such as Imam al-Ghazali, Imam al-Nawawi, Imam al-Ajurri, Imam al-Mawardi and Imam al-Nahlawi, the characteristics of a Muslim teacher can be summarized into six main elements which are: stable faith, good character, skillful in teaching, constantly giving advice, possessing psychological knowledge, knowledgeable and practicing the knowledge. Educational organizations, especially every Muslim teacher must give the characteristics its due attention and take proper action so that as to increase the quality of teachers in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Istibdal is a method for waqf properties development intended to solve underdevelopment problems of these properties. This paper intends to present an analysis of the relevant jurisprudence and how istibdal can be implemented specifically in waqf properties scenarios. This study used primary data sources through interviews to elicit information that shaped the implementation practice conducted. A literature review was also done to aid researchers to obtain secondary data on the waqf properties issues. Several law cases were reviewed to highlight important implementation issues addressed using istibdal method. This study shows how istibdal method is an innovation that offers a dynamic and comprehensive mechanism which facilitates the development of waqf properties in Malaysia and tailored with SDG11. It also shows how istibdal method can facilitates the development of waqf properties in Malaysia while achieving SDG goals. In line with the views of the majority sect in istibdal concept, it is a medium to sustain the waqf properties and lives. It turns out that Islamic Law has provided alternatives to address the problem of waqf property which is not liable to be converted to another property with a high prospect for development and public interests. However, it is done with integrity and to prevent conflicts and violations of waqf land. Thus, a law replaces the main principles of property law of conservation and sustainability of the assets. With the implementation of istibdal, these lands and other waqf properties have been successfully utilized, benefiting society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are various views concerning the cryptocurrency issue. The majority of scholars and world Islamic bodies, such as Dar al-Iftā ‘al-Miṣriyyah (Egypt), Dar al-Iftā’ al-Falasteeniyya (Palestine) and the Turkish Directorate of Religious Affairs, do not permit cryptocurrency for various reasons, including the existence of uncertainty (gharar), risk (khatar) and the fact that it facilitates (wasilah) the crime of fraud and money laundering. However, some Islamic financial and religious scholars do permit it. One scholar who views cryptocurrency positively and believes that it should be permitted is Mohd Daud Bakar, who is the Chairperson of the Shariah Advisory Council of Securities Commission Malaysia (SC) and former Chairperson of the Shariah Advisory Council for Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM). He is also former President of the International Islamic University (IIUM) and the chairperson or international Shariah advisor at various financial institutions around the world, including the S&P Islamic Index and Dow Jones Islamic Market Index (New York). His extensive experience of more than 25 years in this dynamic field has made him a leading and important reference expert. In 2015, in a report released by the Global Islamic Finance Report (GIFR), he ranked sixth among the world’s 10 Islamic finance experts. This success has made him an expert, not only in the field of Usul al-Fiqh which is the core knowledge base of Islam, but also beyond the field of Islamic finance and law. This paper analyses the validity of Mohd Daud Bakar’s views on cryptocurrencies within the scope of Usul al-Fiqh according to the ‘illah, ‘urf, sad zarai’ and fatḥ zarāi’ methods. This qualitative study had obtained data from Facebook Live video recordings, reports and articles, which were then analysed using the descriptive content analysis method. It can be concluded from an ‘illah (legal operative cause) aspect that there is no acceptable ‘illah for banning this currency. From the point of view of al-’urf, cryptocurrencies are acceptable and do not contradict the principles of Shariah. Whereas from the point of view of sad zarāi’, this study found no solid evidence that it could lead to deleterious circumstances other than mere conjecture and assumption, hence, the introduction of cryptocurrencies should be permitted or made accessible. He also suggested the use of the fath zarāi’ method, which is better suited for creating opportunities for innovation and creativity of financial products based on financial technology (fintech). Finally, he mentioned about the permissibility of cryptocurrency as a medium of exchange even if it does not become the legal currency of a country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is concerned with introducing a new analytical tool for high school students. Islamic literary theory uses an Islamic lens in the study and analysis of literature and cultural productions. It is an empowerment theory that seeks to provide morally-centric emancipatory perspectives grounded in the teachings of the Qur’an and authentic Sunnah. Empowerment theories are concerned with improving the human condition. Islamic literary theory attempts to do this through analyzing texts and discussing Islamic and common sense (fitra) solutions to determine how the human condition can be elevated personally, socially and spiritually. Islamic literary theory uses Islamic principles to critique cultural productions. It seeks to describe and analyze not only the ways in which certain literature reinforces the narrative of secularism and immorality but also how other literature promotes emancipatory and Islamocentric ideas that make the world a better place. It is concerned with exploring how personal, family and micro and macro social life confront problems and achieve transformation through offering insights based on Islam. The Islamic worldview rests on the notion that the individual is in a state of constant struggle from worldly encounters in which s/he must make a choice to act and speak morally and ethically in line with Qur’anic tenets to achieve success in the next life. Islamic literary theory in part critiques how individuals and groups are distracted from their true purpose in life. Texts are analyzed using the Qur’an and authentic hadith to discover in what ways individuals and groups freely, forgetfully or coercively commit wrongs against themselves and others. This paper discusses the emergence of Islamic literary theory as a critical lens for high school students. Furthermore, it discusses its historical foundation and purpose and it provides a conceptual framework for its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, prison is not merely a place for offenders to serve sentencing. Rather it becomes an institution that carry a responsibility to rehabilitate, assist and educate the offenders to be a well-disciplined and responsible person when they return back to the society. In the Malaysian context, the rehabilitation process for the criminal offenders is one of the main agendas of the government in the efforts to reduce the crimes rate. The government through the Transformation Plan has emphasized the importance of improving the rehabilitation program not only inside the prison, but also implement various rehabilitation program outside the prison with the aim to prepare the offenders with life after they were released from the prison. This paper engages qualitative method. It refers to the documents relating to Rehabilitation Module, as well as conducts interview with the experts. It focuses on rehabilitation programmes outside prison that have been employed against the Syariah criminal offenders by the Malaysian Prison Department. The paper is significant as it highlights the experience of the Prison Department in developing and implementing rehabilitation module for the offenders outside the prison. The finding of the paper suggests that the development of the rehabilitation module for the Syariah Offender who are serving sentencing outside the prison are just and balance, which covers various aspect ranging from physical, mental, attitude, akhlak and spiritual. However, the implementation of rehabilitation programmes outside prison for Syariah offenders may need to be reviewed on its relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the discussions on the application of Maqasid as-Syariah (Hifz al-’Aql) in transforming and developing better human capital have been regarded as an important issue towards the society. For Malaysians, it is not a secluded issue anymore. As proactive steps, a positive action should be taken in blending the application of Maqasid as-Syariah (Hifz al-’Aql) with the National Education Philosophy, as it is a major framework in the formation of holistic and competitive human capital globally. The main objective of this paper’s study is to examine the concept of the Maqasid as-Syariah (Hifz al-’Aql), the scope of the National Education Philosophy, as well as the application of these concepts and scope in the educational system in Malaysia. The conceptual and qualitative methodologies of study shall be used in conducting a study on this paper. It will also cover comprehensive studies on these two main thrusts to identify the extent of the harmonization process in empowering and enhancing the future generation. It will also review the level of the application and influence towards the National Education Philosophy and the impact of education reforms based on the Islamic principles in Malaysia. In conclusion, it can be asserted that the concept of the Maqasid as-Syariah (Hifz al-’Aql) has become among the main and important pulses in shaping, empowering and enhancing the development of the educational system in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syariah compliance is the essence of any Islamic finance transactions and Islamic wealth management instrument whereby this aspect must be clearly reflected in the relevant legal documentation. This is in line with the recommendation to write contracts as suggested in the Qur’an, although the recommendations are in debt contracts, but they are used in the context of Islamic financing and wealth management to avoid future conflicts or disputes. However, it is observed that not all the legal practitioners and industry players are well versed with the drafting and intricacies pertaining to Islamic Syariah financing and wealth management contracts. Due to major defects in the contractual documents which are supposed to be binding aqad between parties, the transactions may be rendered invalid in the eye of law and unenforceable. Further, the legal documentation should not only address the Syariah compliance but also tackle issues relating to conflict of laws and enforceability under other applicable civil legislations. This issue needs to be addressed to ensure that this aspect of wealth management can be developed further in the Islamic financial sector. Hence, this paper discusses the main elements to constitute valid and enforceable Islamic financing and Islamic wealth management contracts. Besides, this paper also examines the approaches adopted by the Malaysian courts in dealing with defective and void Syariah contracts. At the end of this paper, some suggestions are made to provide remedies for rectification of the defective Islamic finance and wealth management contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers are an essential asset in an educational institution. The attitude and behavior of Muslim teachers that do not reflect good Muslim personality will be an obstacle to the smooth process of teaching and learning. Therefore, this concept paper discusses the personality traits that every Muslim teacher should have to excel as an educator. Qualitative research methods through content analysis research design were used. Data collected from materials such as books, journal articles, proceedings, theses and dissertations were analyzed descriptively. This study touches on personality traits that have been documented by Islamic scholars. Although an in-depth study has not yet been conducted, the results of previous writings have found that the personality traits of effective Muslim teachers can still be observed. The personality traits of Muslim teachers from the point of view of Islamic scholars such as Imam Al-Ghazali, Imam AlNawawi, Imam Al-Ajurri, Imam Al-Mawardi and Imam Hasan Al-Banna can be summarized into four main elements; knowledgeable and applying it, good character, possess teaching skills and dedicated to the community. In particular, every Muslim teacher and educational institution should be concerned about personality traits and take appropriate action so that the quality of teachers in Malaysia can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the significance of chronological order of sūrahs on antioxidants in makkiyah context. This paper answered the query on the chronological order of sūrahs on antioxidants in makkiyah context which possesses particular significance. This paper primarily focuses on the sūrahs which were revealed in the Makkan period to facilitate a better understanding of the antioxidants in this context. This is a qualitative study and the approach is content analysis. Data collected through the methods of content and document analysis will be thematically analyzed through the usage of descriptive and analytical methods. Findings demonstrate that the sūrahs on antioxidants in makkiyah context were revealed in three phases of the Makkan period which are: early years, middle years, and last years of Makkan period. The implication of the study establishes that every phase in the Makkan period denotes different circumstances. Hence, the antioxidants that are stated during that phase suit its situation. The foods that are stated in the three phases of Makkan period contain antioxidant compounds and the Makkan society has a variation of antioxidants in their diet as well as the situations in each phase taught lessons such as gratitude and patience. Thus, the Muslim society or any individual may ponder upon these lessons and contemplate on the antioxidants as a proof of the scientific miracles in the Quran (Al-I’jāz Al-‘Ilmī) and as the best dietary guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of financial capital is the main problem faced by the smallholder palm oil farmers (Pekebun Kecil Sawit Persendirian, PKSP) in order to increase the productivity of palm oil. Although there are six Islamic banking institutions that provide micro credit for the farmers, this product however does not get a good response from the farmers especially among the PKSP. In order to dismantle the factors of the PKSP having less interest to take up the micro credit from Islamic banking institutions, this paper employed Al-Ghazali's concept of intention to achieve two research objectives. In regards to the first objective, this research analyses the effects of behaviour towards Islamic micro credit, obstacle factor, and the benefit of perception on the intention to use Islamic micro credit. In regards to the second objective, this research analyses the effects of obstacle factor and the benefit of perception on the behaviour towards Islamic micro credit. This research was conducted at the district of Hilir Perak, Malaysia involving 362 PKSP to understand this phenomenon. The research data were obtained from a questionnaire which was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). It was found that the obstacle factor and behaviour towards Islamic micro credit influence the intention to use Islamic micro credit, while the benefit of perception was found to be insignificant in influencing the intention. This paper also found that the behaviour towards Islamic micro credit is developed and influenced by the benefit of perception. It can be concluded that the PKSP are less interested to take up the Islamic micro credit for agricultural purpose because the features of micro credit product offered by the Islamic banking institutions are less attractive and not competitive. In this case, this paper recommended the Islamic banking institutions to improvise their micro credit product offerings and develop strategic relationship with other industrial players to reduce business risk and eventually offer a competitive micro credit product in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anthropomorphism remains one of the most contested topics in current Sunni theological discourse between Ash’arites and the Salafis. The polemic is mainly based on how one should interpret anthropomorphic expressions found in certain religious texts. This paper aims at explicating al-Ghazālī’s method in dealing with the ambiguous hadiths on divine attributes (the ṣifāt hadiths) by examining his thought in various of his printed works. Library research with analytic methodology has been applied. The study finds that al-Ghazālī actively used ta’wīl (metaphorical interpretation) to appropriate the understanding of hadith message according to the principle of divine unity (tawḥīd) and transcendence (tanzīh). This attitude is a perpetuation of his moderate position toward absolute truth derived from both revelation and reason. Therefore, it is seen that al-Ghazālī’s advocation of ta’wīl is always accompanied by his criticism against Mu’tazilite’s rationalism and Hanbalite’s literalism. Despite his acceptance of ta’wīl, al-Ghazālī stipulates that the interpretation method should be used with moderation. It is not for everyone but is only for elite of religious scholars who has sharp mind and high level of spirituality that enables them to comprehend the prophetic message accurately. In contrast to popular opinion, al-Ghazālī maintains his positive reception of ta‘wil in his last theological work namely Iljām al-‘Awām ‘an‘ Ilm al-Kalām. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abū Hāmid al-Ghazālī is considered one of the prominent Muslim thinkers and scholars in the traditional Muslim world. He has produced numerous intellectual sources comprehensively. This paper aims to analyze Abū Hāmid al-Ghazālī’s views on dealing with the scientific exegesis. This was investigated from his thoughtful and broad understanding of its principle and underlying purpose. The essential understanding of the principle of scientific exegesis was analytically discussed in his magnum opus; Jewels of the Qur’ān. To reach a representative conclusion, this study undertakes an analysis of the al-Ghazālī view, promotes intellectual discourse, and venerated exegesis as the main sources of reference by adopting the document analysis method. The finding shows that Abū Hāmid al-Ghazālī’s discussion on scientific exegesis emphasized on relevance to contemporary practice and the modern context of Islam. It set forth an important framework and methodology for the integration of the Quran and science. This leads to the collaboration between two branches of knowledge and has come to be known as ‘scientific exegesis’ that the Qur’ān contains verses that point to scientific discoveries such as the roundness of the earth; the orbit of the earth around the sun; and the uniqueness of human fingerprints. It will provide students, educators, researchers, and scholars with a resource for understanding and responding to faithful Islamic sciences issues that are of concern to contemporary Islam and to society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 4.0 industrial revolution (4IR) is one of the biggest challenges faced by every individual, especially psychologists of this century. In this article, the authors will examine the preparation for challenges psychologists face in helping individuals deal with the psycho-social impact of the 4.0 industrial revolution. 4IR comprises of ten pillars: automation robots, simulations, system integration, multi-purpose internet, cyber security, public computing, additional material creation, reinforced reality, large data analysis, and system integration. This conceptual paper covers articles and books from year 1998 to 2020. This article aims to help psychologists become more knowledgeable about how their disciplinary expertise can assist in discussions, research, and policy initiatives relating to 4.0 Industrial Revolution. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to outline the challenges faced by the Muslim psychologists in the era of 4.0 Industrial Revolution and how to deal with the challenges diligently. Psychologists are responsible for designing and implementing interventions to deal with the psycho-social impact of the 4.0 Industrial Revolution. Psychologists’ involvement is needed to increase psychological support to individuals, in particular, and to society as a whole. Hence, the mental health and mental strength of psychologists are important in preparation for the 4IR challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shirk means associating any partners with Allah SWT. Tawhid clearly teaches us that Allah SWT does not share His Rububiah (Lordship) or divine attributes with anything or any partner. A clear example of shirk is idolatry or polytheism, that is worship of deity, god or anything other than Allah. Shirk is a paramount sin in Islam, the one unforgivable sin. However, this term is in the holy verses of the Qur’an that are “difficult” for humans to understand and appreciate. Usually, the interpretation of the word shirk will be given a description of its meaning and consequences to the perpetrator. The common interpretation is that whoever associates anything with Allah, then he has indeed committed a great sin. Muslims are also warned that indeed Allah SWT will not forgive the sin of shirk while Allah SWT will forgive all sins other than shirk, for whom he wills. In effect, all doors of paradise are shut to those who commit shirk. This article is related to the debate on shirk and its significance according to Islamic law and mathematical measurements. The analysis and findings of the study in this article are obtained through the methods of content analysis, document analysis and vectors concept in mathematics. The vectors concept in mathematics has been chosen as a tool to decipher this term to the maximum extent possible. It was chosen because a vector has elastic properties, is easy to set up and is representative of the matter relating to shirk. Therefore, it can be used to explain the definition, interpretation and consequences of shirk. The results of the study show that shirk is not only placed in the category of major sins in Islamic law but also the position of the perpetrators of shirk is considered as insulting Allah SWT and the religion of Islam. This position can not only be assessed from the Islamic law viewpoint but also through mathematical measurements, formulas and arguments. Through mathematical measurements it is impossible for us to assign partners to Allah, except by those who are very stubborn and intend to insult Allah. In this paper, the arguments are given based on mathematical knowledge that indeed human beings should not commit shirk not only because of its consequences, but also because it involves Allah as the Creator of all creatures as well as all other creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to apply the principle of maalat af’al (consequences of an action) in analysing the issue of women converting to Islam without their husbands from the perspective of maslahah (public interest). Despite the fact that the majority of classical scholars maintain the view that this marriage must be dissolved, dealing with this case in Muslim minority circumstances needs more consideration, particularly in terms of maslahah (securing benefit and removing harm) and mafsadah (harm). Dissolving this marriage immediately could portray a negative image of Islam as a religion that divides families with psychological and emotional impacts on women and their families. This is a qualitative study that obtained data from interviews with several imams and scholars in the UK. The findings indicate that this is a contemporary ijtihadi issue, with some aspects tolerated. Also, the status of maslahah in this issue is in line with the Shari’ah, particularly in facilitating a new Muslim life. While this study is merely exploratory with a limited number of participants, linking theory and reality makes the discussion on the issue and applying the principle of maalat practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In Malaysia, Muslim converts (Muallaf) face certain difficulties including restrictions in inheritance. In this regard, Islam provides that the property of Muslims shall be inherited by Muslim heirs only. In other words, the general principle provides that non-Muslim heirs have no right in inheritance to property that belonging to Muslims. By taking into consideration the status and rights of family members of Muallaf in Malaysia, hibah is categorized as an alternative method of distribution, in addition to wasiat and other methods. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in studying and promoting hibah (inter vivos gift) as one of the alternatives in distributing someone’s wealth, in addition to other methods. This paper applies a doctrinal legal research methodology where data collection involves primary and secondary sources which include Al-Quran, hadith, journal articles, constitution, statutes and case law. This study seeks to identify the extent hibah applies as an alternative to resolve the inheritance issue among the Muallaf and to provide some recommendations in proposing hibah law to be enacted in resolving this issue in Malaysia. To date, none of the authors has studied in detail drafting of hibah law to be enacted for resolving the inheritance issue concerning Muallaf in this country. This study discovers that a specific law on hibah could clarify its position and application in Malaysia where it can further be used as an alternative to resolve inheritance conflict affecting the heirs, especially non-Muslim, of Muallaf. Furthermore, it may also benefit various agencies such as religious departments, Shariah Court and other relevant agencies to preserve the rights of Muallaf in regard to their inheritance issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthquakes are often viewed as negative phenomena as they threaten human beings and other life on earth. Although researchers scientifically explained this phenomenon, people still relate it to God’s role. Discussions from physical or scientific studies, as well as metaphysical and theological views, are essential to gain a deeper understanding. Geology examines earthquakes scientifically, including the causes, effects, and earthquake-prone places, while religion perceives it is caused by the power of God (Supreme Being) that determines everything. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the comparative analysis of earthquakes from both Islamic and Christian perspectives using a qualitative method concerning the Quran, tafsir al-Quran, Bible, biblical exegesis, and secondary literature relevant to both religions and geology. Although earthquakes are broadly studied in both faiths, researchers are less interested in doing in-depth comparative analysis of many features. This paper is a comparative study and reveals the similarities and differences of earthquakes in seven areas: earthquakes in the scriptures, religious views, historical earthquakes, current earthquakes, future earthquakes, religious coping, and earthquake geological facts in scriptures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the term Salafism in modern times is ambiguous and confusing in many ways. This ambiguity can be realized when many Salafis themselves are not entirely clear as to what Salafism entails, assuming that it is simply to follow the Quran and Sunnah - a problematic definition since it implies that others do not. Furthermore, due to the ambiguity of the term, Salafism in an actual broader sense is claimed by all Muslims, in that the universal Islamic ideal is to imitate the Prophet and the early Muslim community. This paper provides an understanding on the world of Salafism, particularly the phenomenon of modern Salafism. It begins with a brief definition of Salafism, its history and attempts to discuss its realities and complexities in the modern world. The paper also highlights the various groups and categories of modern Salafis as observed by several academics and commentators. It concludes with an analysis of the ideology, characteristics and components of modern Salafism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious conflict is a controversial subject in a multicultural country. This issue happens regularly in Malaysia especially in a country which recognized Islam as its official religion. There are many ways dealing with religious conflict in Islam. One of them is co-existence approach (fiqh al-ta'ayusy). The objective of this paper is to explain the co-existence approach (fiqh al-ta'ayusy) as a way to promote harmony and to cope with religious conflicts. The study is based on previous literatures and it has been adapted to suit Malaysia's religious conflict. Findings showed that the co-existence approach in Islam is divided into three namely inter religious dialogue, preaching of Islam and acceptance of other religions. Besides that, this approach must maintain the dignity of Islam and at the same time treating non-Muslims with respect and universal values. The acceptance of other religions however, must not include the religious pillars such as faith and worship. This is crucial in order to ensure the harmony of interaction without eliminating Islam like what has been propagated by the pluralists. Thus, this paper will explain on the Islamic approaches of interacting and communicating with non-Muslims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of anthropology has introduced the term polytheism which refers to belief and worship of more than one god or deity. Man from the beginning of his existence has interacted with nature, admiring some beings they considered special and possessing extraordinary powers. This situation encourages some people to believe in polytheism, which is to worship various gods or deities in addition to Allah SWT. Historical records show that polytheism existed long before the time of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). The question is, how does the Quran describe polytheism? Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the description of polytheism in the Quran, especially about the history, form, factors and types of polytheism. This is a qualitative research applying the method of content analysis to the text of Quranic verses. The results of the study show that the Quran contains socio-historical data on polytheism of past generations, in addition to criticism and prohibition of any form of worshipping gods and deities other than Allah SWT. In conclusion, the Quran discusses not only Shariah, but also covers the field of anthropology and socio-cultural universals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern Western perspective, Islam is often associated with jihad or holy war waged against non-Muslims. In the Western view, multiculturalism and religious pluralism have neither a place in Islam nor Islamic state, therefore, making Islam look very intolerant and non-inclusive towards other faiths and cultures. This research aims to elucidate how multiculturalism under the concept of Al-Ta’ayush was practised by two Muslim governments, first as manifested in the Millet system (independent court for personal law) under the Ottoman Caliphate and secondly in the Shahbandar (harbourmasters) system under the Malacca Sultanate which later evolved into the Kapitan system. Despite their geographical distance, these systems shared many similarities. This research aims to refute the idea that Islam is intolerant by giving examples from the previous Muslim governments and tracing their systems back to the first Islamic state established by Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), which was the Islamic state of Medina. This paper demonstrates that Muslim rulers during the Ottoman and Malaccan eras were tolerant towards their non-Muslim subjects as shown for instance, in the granting of autonomous rights which enabled the latter to be ruled by their own personal law and to freely practice their own faiths. This practice is unique because first, it was supported by Islamic teachings and secondly, in the pre-modern period where religious and cultural tolerance was not common, Islam was spearheading this concept of Al-Ta’ayush. This consequently makes Islam a religion that celebrates multiculturalism and religious pluralism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menstruation is the blood that comes out of a woman’s cervix through the vagina at a certain time, and is not the cause of childbirth. The onset of menstruation is one of the signs of a woman’s puberty. In fact, puberty is a new challenge, especially for women, because it requires careful personal hygiene, whether before, during, or after menstruation. In Malaysia, women still suffer from period poverty and cannot afford sanitary pads due to financial constraints. This causes greater harm to women. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to identify the issues and challenges faced by women due to period poverty, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this qualitative study, a document analysis from journal articles, books, and related materials was conducted. Findings suggest that women face significant challenges when it comes to period poverty. These include lack of affordable menstrual products, disadvantages in menstrual hygiene infrastructure, and negative stigma in the community. The implication of this study is to help women cope with the challenges of period poverty and to prepare for the onset of menstruation with sufficient knowledge and needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tahfiz teaching has become progressively more conventional and is growing as an essential educational course. This significance is in line with the prospect above that is placed on the ability of tahfiz schools to produce Quranmemorising students who can thrive and improve the nation’s Islamic education. Due to this endeavour, the tahfiz learning management process must satisfy the user QoE related to the increasing student intake issues. These issues impact this education process due to insufficient tahfiz resources, infrastructure, and facilities. This paper proposes the Integrated Management Tahfiz (IM-Tahfiz) Framework’s suitability for selected education satisfaction at the empirical level. The primary purpose of this framework is about the Quality of Experience (QoE) based on user satisfaction for the screening test of stakeholder decision in selecting tahfiz centre to educate students. This framework design was implemented in three phases; data selection, where instruments and experiment setup gather resources from the mobile to the server to finalize data; user QoE setup, where the users’ data is obtained by using the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) to determine this matter’s solution regarding the suitability of tahfiz students to tahfiz centers; and execution phase, where both phases combine to finalize the data output. The final result illustrates the initial research question (RQ) was the factor that had effects on the problem of the tahfiz center that can be solved accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teenager is a phase in life that needs more attention. Adolescent psychological instability can cause many conflicts and confusion if not managed properly. In a process of self-development, adolescents will face a variety of challenges that may affect their motivation. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic injection of religious motivation is essential. Using holistic content analysis and observation methods, this paper attempts to analyze the motivational approaches used and its applications in the module of Motivasi Alihan Pelajar (MAP). Based on the analysis, all eleven slots contained in the module used a religious motivation approach consisting of the first step; cognitive and emotional management and second; continuous action. This study concludes, interventions for adolescent self-development through these two religious motivational approaches are found to be more comprehensive and appropriate to their psychological needs. Therefore, this approach should be applied to facilitate holistic adolescent self-development processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding religions from the perspective of genealogical approach is one of the main contributions by some Muslim scholars such as H.O.K Rahmat. As a broad discipline, comparative study of religions employs many approaches predominantly developed by Western scholars such as Friedrich Max Müller, one of the prominent founders of the field in the West. In the context of Malaysia, the field of comparative study of religion is still growing but some writings and books have had significant impact in terms of mapping earliest works on comparative study of religion as in the work of Muhammad Fauzi bin Haji Awang entitled World Religions (1964), published by Aman Press, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, as well as the work of Dr. H.O.K. Rahmat S.H. entitled From Adam To Muhammad (1976), by the same publisher. This paper therefore aims to highlight H.O.K. Rahmat and his contributions in the field of comparative study of religion through his book ‘From Adam To Muhammad as well as the importance of his writing in the early exploration of the field. This study is developed by using a qualitative approach based on literature study. Interviews were also conducted with two scholars of comparative religion in order to gain their views about the author and his book. It also traces the development of comparative study of religion in Malaysia and exposes the benefits and effects of this book in fostering religious understanding and building harmony among multiracial and multi-religious societies in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses societal perceptions of the cross-social relationships in Malaysia and makes them dynamic in the context of managing and shaping social differences in Malaysian society. The foundations of nation-building in Malaysia are based on integration in which their ethnic identities are maintained and preserved in the Federal Constitution. However, there is an outsider's perception of harmony in Malaysia which is often negative. This is because they are influenced by the talk conflict in social media as if tomorrow will repeat the bloody tragedy of May 13, 1969. However, the Institute for Ethnic Studies (KITA) has clearly stated that Malaysia today is in the 'era of Social Cohesion', where the behavior of Malaysians was at the 'everyday-defined' level namely, 'they talk conflict, they walk cohesion' and this is a healthy psychosocial activity. In this regard, a study has been conducted regarding the cross-social relationships at work. This study focuses on societal's perceptions of the level of cross-social relationships at work in the context of relationships at the personal, community, and institutional levels. The research method used was a survey conducted on 554 business communities of traders and hawkers who have direct relationships to cross-social ethnic relationships. Overall, this study found that cross-social relationships at the personal, community, and institutional levels are positive and significant. This cross-ethnic practice at the grassroots level is a significant factor in the formation and strengthening the social cohesion in Malaysia as well as a assurance of the country's continued stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is twofold. First, it describes the accounting practices at the selected mosques in Federal Territory in Malaysia. Second, it reviewed the financial records provided by the mosque committee members to portray their accountability. Within a three-month period, the study employed a series of unstructured interviews with key leaders of the four selected mosques such as the imams, mosques chairman, mosque treasurers and account clerks. It also reviewed some of the financial records of particular mosques such as financial statements, Friday's collection statements and other accounting-related records. In addition, researchers also observe the counting of Friday collection of three mosques. The finding suggests that accounting is dynamic in meeting the needs of mosque committee members to demonstrate their accountability and as part of their day-to-day activities. It is also discovered that the mosques committee members perceived that accounting practices are imperative tools to support various activities carried out by the mosques. As accounting is loosely practice by the selected mosque, it provides the wisdom of accountability for the four mosques that vary from one another since accounting practices and accountability are based on the wisdom of the committee members of the mosques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety is associated as a state of uneasiness and apprehension about uncertainties. This paper describes the validation process of an instrument to measure reading anxiety among the English as a Foreign Language Learners (EFL). This instrument is adopted and adapted from English Language Foreign Language Anxiety Instrument (ELFRAI) developed by Masoud Zoghi (2012). However, some of the items in ELFRAI were reconstructed to reduce ambiguity. It is a nonverbal self-reported instrument measures to measure English Language reading anxiety. The instrument is structured into two parts namely demography and causes of reading anxiety and contains 8 items and 27 items respectively. To identify reading anxiety among EFL learners, a total of 366 responses at two states private universities colleges located in Malaysia were analysed. This study adopts the quantitative approach as its research methodology. It uses SPSS version 22 to analyse the findings gathered. The results of the study depicts a reliability Cronbach's Alpha 0.927, hence it supports the validity of the instrument [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses two integration curriculum models applied in the the curriculum of Islamic Education. One of the models is the interdisciplinary Robin Forgarty's Integrated Curriculum Model which explains the concept of integrated curricula. Another model used in this paper is the Selangor State Integrative and Holistic Education Model. The integration concept and its relation to other knowledge discipline introduced by Forgarty is carried out by matching a subject with another subject based on their similarities in the concepts, skills, values, themes and topics. In this research, we used content analysis to gather detailed information on the topic at hand. The main finding illustrated that the meaningful teaching and learning practice among teachers and students is the major focus of the model. The students' cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills must (should?) be emphasized by teachers. At the same time, important skills such as metacognitive, study skills and problem solving skills should be reinforced given the diversity in knowledge discipline. The paradigm of these models reflects that the teacher's synergy is needed to develop cooperation in assimilating one's discipline in the process of curriculum integration at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability in zakat accounting which is often debated in Malaysia involves three issues. First, the method of zakat accounting is income toward the benefits in kind. Second, a business earning profit but working capital is negative. Third, cost of crops and cost of living for commercial agriculture. This paper aims to identify and analyse sustainable zakat accounting practiced by zakat institutions and the opinions of zakat scholars on sustainable zakat accounting in Malaysia. Qualitative data were obtained from document analysis and semi-structured interviews. Informants consist of zakat scholars and zakat practitioners. The data obtained is analyzed through deductive and inductive content analysis. The analysis result showed that sustainable zakat accounting is practiced by the zakat institution in Malaysia. First, a wealth expansion is compulsory for zakat. Second, assessment of compulsory wealth for zakat based on net wealth; and third, the role of intent in determining the compulsory wealth of zakat. Sustainable zakat accounting is based on the views of zakat scholars in Malaysia. It is argued that there is a consensus that the fundamentals used to develop zakat accounting are rigid rats. Therefore, sustainable zakat accounting will continue to be used according to current needs and local conditions.Kelestarian dalam perakaunan zakat yang sering dibahaskan di Malaysia melibatkan tiga isu. Pertama, kaedah perakaunan zakat pendapatan terhadap manfaat berupa barangan. Kedua, perniagaan yang memperolehi keuntungan tetapi modal kerja adalah negatif. Ketiga, kos tanaman dan kos sara hidup untuk pertanian komersial. Kertas ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis perakaunan zakat lestari yang diamalkan oleh institusi zakat serta pendapat para cendekiawan zakat terhadap perakaunan zakat lestari di Malaysia. Data kualitatif diperolehi daripada analisis dokumen dan temu bual separa struktur. Informan terdiri daripada cendekiawan zakat dan pengamal zakat. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis melalui analisis kandungan secara deduktif dan induktif. Dapatan analisis mempamerkan bahawa perakaunan zakat lestari diamalkan oleh institusi zakat di Malaysia. Pertama, peluasan kekayaan yang diwajibkan zakat. Kedua, penilaian kekayaan wajib zakat berdasarkan kekayaan bersih; dan ketiga, peranan niat dalam menentukan kekayaan wajib zakat. Perakaunan zakat lestari adalah berdasarkan pandangan cendekiawan zakat di Malaysia. Dihujahkan terdapat kesepakatan bahawa asas yang digunakan untuk membangunkan perakaunan zakat adalah tikat rigid. Oleh itu, perakaunan zakat lestari akan terus digunakan bersesuai dengan keperluan semasa dan keadaan setempat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 (IFSA) provided clear distinction between Islamic deposit and investment account based on the Shariah contract applied. Products which are based on Shariah principles with non-principal guaranteed features are classified as investment accounts, while those products which are principal guaranteed are deposit accounts. Given this demarcation, this paper aims to highlight the reaction by Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) in terms of product offering to align with the new regulation. The research methodology used is qualitative approach whereby the author garnered data and information from articles, journals, research publications and other written documents. The empirical studies showed that IFI had migrated from investment-based Shariah contract's products to deposit products based on commodity murabahah or tawarruq. Commodity murabahah has become a very common form of Islamic banking technique in Malaysia, mostly used in the provision of financing facilities such as personal, consumer and trade financing as well as for deposit products, in addition to sukuk structuring and for liquidity management purposes. Despite that, the rationale of underlying commodity trading took place and the existence of wakalah element that led to an apparent arrangement in such transactions have caused concern on the industry response to the IFSA requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In early philosophically oriented societies, happiness was a prominent theme in literature. This article discusses the concept of happiness according to Ibn Kathīr (d. 1374), who was an eminent scholar of Islam. The idea of happiness and how to achieve it is something that has occupied researchers for millennia. They consider happiness to be temporal, conditional and existing outside the human body. According to this view, there is no lasting happiness in the human soul. In contrast, Ibn Kathīr referred to happiness as having a heart filled with faith and behaving in a way that follows religious teachings. By applying qualitative methods, the study found that Ibn Kathīr discusses happiness from the perspective of temporary worldly wealth, for the decline of belief in revelation, and eternal happiness in the hereafter. This paper concludes that the key to being happy in this world and the next is seeking the pleasure of God, and worshipping only Him. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are various types of cancer experienced by women, for example breast, ovarian colon and cervical. Female cancer patients would often be in grief and anxiousness thinking about the risks of the illness and in looking for the appropriate practices in treating their emotions as well as their physique. This paper examines the spiritual practices of 20 patients with cancer at the National Cancer Society Malaysia. The design of this study is quantitative. The data were descriptively analysed based on the frequency, percentage and mean. The findings of the study show that the respondents' spiritual practices are at a high level of mean such as giving charity (3.81), seeking forgiveness from Allah the Almighty (3.81), reciting the Quran and its translation (3.75) and remembrance of Allah (3.75). The spiritual practices performed by the cancer patients help to stabilise their emotions and reduce their physical pain. The spiritual practices also help them to persevere in facing life in a good way towards achieving well-being in their lives apart from continuing with the modern treatments as recommended by the doctors, as well as to be consistent in practising the spiritual practices as proposed by Islam in order to gain emotional and mental health remedies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liberal thinking is a stream of thought that fights for the right of freedom of speech and the right of freedom of religion. This thinking is seen as a threat to religious harmony due to the interpretations made concerning religious matter depending on the rationale and contextual perspectives. This paper focuses on the epistemological debate on liberal thought and its relationship with the Muslim schools of thought leaders in Malaysia.. Using the qualitative methods, this study also includes the method of interviewing sixteen informants among national leaders, community leaders and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to view the reality of this thinking in the Malaysian context. The informants have been sampled by using purposive sampling strategies to gain clear and direct informations. The result of this study shows that liberal thinking is a knowledge that has a long history of science. It is influenced by a variety of historical and state conditions including the influence of aristocracy, industrialization and religion. Liberal thought is also a basic of secular civilization that stems from Western scholars who opposed the attitudes and ideologies of the Christian religion's leaders. It is clear that liberal thinking is a Western's mold and its effect can be seen in the way of life and culture of Western society today. The concern is, the finding shows that this thinking has infiltrated the minds of some Malaysians especially among Muslim leaders. This method of thinking needs to be dealt holistically as this liberal thinking may affect the way of Muslims' thinking from different backgrounds. The implication may appear in various forms of movements claiming that they carry Islamic symbols while their principles are extreme in nature and completely contrary to the true principles of Islamic teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term of"religious pluralism" in Malay Languange often creates controversy among thinkers and politicians. Some say it is a translation of religious plurality which the meaning as religious diversity. While some say it is a translation of the term religious pluralism that leads to recognise of the unity of religious truth. Understanding the diversity of religion and unity of religious truth religious creates confusion to the Muslim community in particular related to the position of Islam that has real truth. This paper aims to discuss the basic guidelines in finding the limitation between recognition of religious diversity or recognition of the unity of religious truth. The preliminary findings found that there are four fundamental questions that can be used to be the basis for differentiate the thoughts that lead to religious divergence or recognition of the unity of religious truth ie their views on the cause of religion, the role and position of other religions, readiness of living harmoniously and most importantly the views on need of preaching to other religions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Love as a motivational factor is a driving force to excellence and transformation of human capital. Starting with the call to create a reading culture, it then developed into the generation of thoughtful culture which able to critically argues and analysis. The idea also need to be translated in the form of academical writing and disseminated to the general public so that ideas can be shared. Hence, the study reported in this paper was aimed at identifying the attributes of knowledge lover that can contribute towards excellence among Muslim youths in Malaysia. We were also interested in identifying the relationship between love of knowledge and excellence. For that reason, an instrument named as "Characteristics of Knowledge Lovers," "Excellent Muslim" and "Transformation of Human Capital through Love for Knowledge" was created. The instrument was designed in stages. First, we analysed existing theories and concepts. Second prominent academics and students were interviewed in order to construct items for the questionnaire. Third, rater reliability was performed by asking five experts in psychology to review the items. A pilot study was then conducted to test the validity and the reliability of the questionnaire items. It was found that all of the sub-constructs are positively correlated,with the grand mean of 0.70-0.96 (very high) with significant level of p<0.01. In conclusion, the correlation between the sub-constructs are high. It is hoped that other researchers could apply the different stages of the development of the instrument in other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progress of civilization depends on its mastery in the field of education. The development of Islamic civilization during the time of ‘Abbasid proved their dominance in the field of science and education. After the fall of Islamic civilization until the end of the colonial period, Muslims were backward and lagging behind in all fields, including education. But there was an attempt to regain the glory of Islamic civilization known as the reformation movement. This movement began in the era of British colonial which ruled over Egypt until the end of the days of colonialism and is still continuing to this day. But the reformation efforts and propagations are still far from reality. This study looks at the reformation specific to education by comparing the educational reforms in period of colonialism and post-colonialism. Therefore, the researcher selected al-Hadi to represent the colonialism era and al-Faruqi as the figure from post-colonialism. Both these figures promoted ideas in educational reforms and also then through the establishment of educational institutions. This paper compares the educational reforms al-Hadi and al-Faruqi in four aspects, i.e., the weakness of Islamic education, the acceptance of Western education, the integration of education and the establishment of educational institutions. This paper is a qualitative study using the method of literature review. The results showed that from colonial times until the present day, there are still weaknesses and deficiencies in the system of Islamic education. Thus, al-Faruqi education reform not only improves the weakness of al-Hadi education reformation, but also complemented the shortcomings of the reformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]