1. Artificial Intelligence, Speech, and Language Processing Approaches to Monitoring Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review
- Author
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Craig W. Ritchie, Saturnino Luz, and Sofia de la Fuente Garcia
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,J.3 ,Standardization ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer science ,Population ,Context (language use) ,PsycINFO ,computational linguistics ,Machine Learning ,Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS) ,Alzheimer Disease ,FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Humans ,Speech ,Cognitive Dysfunction ,Cognitive decline ,education ,speech processing ,Natural Language Processing ,education.field_of_study ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Modalities ,I.2.6 ,business.industry ,I.2.7 ,I.5.4 ,General Neuroscience ,screening ,General Medicine ,Speech processing ,artificial intelligence ,cognitive decline ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) ,Disease Progression ,Artificial intelligence ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Computational linguistics ,business ,Computation and Language (cs.CL) ,Alzheimer’s disease ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing ,Research Article ,dementia - Abstract
Language is a valuable source of clinical information in Alzheimer's Disease, as it declines concurrently with neurodegeneration. Consequently, speech and language data have been extensively studied in connection with its diagnosis. This paper summarises current findings on the use of artificial intelligence, speech and language processing to predict cognitive decline in the context of Alzheimer's Disease, detailing current research procedures, highlighting their limitations and suggesting strategies to address them. We conducted a systematic review of original research between 2000 and 2019, registered in PROSPERO (reference CRD42018116606). An interdisciplinary search covered six databases on engineering (ACM and IEEE), psychology (PsycINFO), medicine (PubMed and Embase) and Web of Science. Bibliographies of relevant papers were screened until December 2019. From 3,654 search results 51 articles were selected against the eligibility criteria. Four tables summarise their findings: study details (aim, population, interventions, comparisons, methods and outcomes), data details (size, type, modalities, annotation, balance, availability and language of study), methodology (pre-processing, feature generation, machine learning, evaluation and results) and clinical applicability (research implications, clinical potential, risk of bias and strengths/limitations). While promising results are reported across nearly all 51 studies, very few have been implemented in clinical research or practice. We concluded that the main limitations of the field are poor standardisation, limited comparability of results, and a degree of disconnect between study aims and clinical applications. Attempts to close these gaps should support translation of future research into clinical practice., Comment: Pre-print submitted to the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
- Published
- 2020