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Youth-based programmes providing education-based expeditions to the Polar Regions have been offered for more than two decades, and whilst studies hint that participants return as inspired and empow...

Indigenous tourism has the ability to foster, promote and preserve Indigenous culture and traditions and is closely in line with Indigenous perspectives. In Canada, Indigenous tourism has been developing at an exponential rate. This paper is a synopsis of a think tank held in Nanaimo, British Columbia at the Sustainable Indigenous Tourism Symposium in April 2017. The purpose of the symposium was to create an interactive forum to facilitate the sharing of knowledge and support community empowerment, cultural expression and economic prosperity within the tourism industry for Indigenous communities in Canada and globally. On the final day of the symposium, a think tank was held to identify key challenges and issues facing the development and competitiveness of sustainable Indigenous tourism in Canada; to share innovations in sustainable Indigenous tourism amongst all stakeholders; and to identify how to support stakeholders in Canada and abroad with the knowledge and tools to develop sustainable Indigenous tourism. The think tank included consultation and collaboration with 82 stakeholders including Indigenous peoples, students, academics, government actors, tour operators and tourism associations. The results of the think tank identified several key themes and the Naut’sa mawt Declaration of the Development of Sustainable Indigenous Tourism was developed from these discussions.

Arginases are a family of enzymes that convert L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. Alterations in expression of the isoform arginase-I are increasingly recognized in lung diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis. To define expression of murine arginase-I in formalin-fixed tissues, including lung, an immunohistochemical protocol was validated in murine liver; a tissue that has distinct zonal arginase-I expression making it a useful control. In the lung, arginase-I immunostaining was observed in airway surface epithelium and this decreased from large to small airways; with a preferential staining of ciliated epithelium versus Clara cells and alveolar epithelia. In submucosal glands, the ducts and serous acini had moderate immunostaining, which was absent in mucous cells. Focal immunostaining was observed in alveolar macrophages, endothelial cells, pulmonary vein cardiomyocytes, pulmonary artery smooth muscle, airway smooth muscle and neurons of ganglia of the lung. Arginase-I immunostaining was also detected in other tissues including salivary glands, pancreas, liver, skin, and intestine. Differential immunostaining was observed between sexes in submandibular salivary glands; arginase-I was diffusely expressed in the convoluted granular duct cells of females, but was rarely noted in males. Strain specific differences were not detected. In one mouse with an incidental case of lymphoma, neoplastic lymphocytes lacked arginase-I immunostaining, in contrast to immunostaining detected in non-neoplastic lymphocytes of lymphoid tissues. The use of liver tissue to validate arginase-I immunohistochemistry produced consistent expression patterns in mice and this approach can be useful to enhance consistency of arginase-I immunohistochemical studies.

Global environmental change is altering natural and built systems in many regions of the world and such changes play a significant role in an emerging travel trend that has been labelled ‘last chance tourism’ (LCT). In LCT, tourism demand is based on the desire to see these vulnerable places and features before they disappear or are essentially and irrevocably changed. The paradox in this new form of travel lies in the fact that the tourists often travel long distances and, thus, are disproportionately responsible per capita for increased greenhouse gas emissions and various other stressors that have the potential to alter further the very attractions being visited. The emergence of LCT requires careful ethical consideration and adds a new twist to the debate about ‘loving a destination to death’. In this case, the relationship is indirect and intangible, and is complicated by spatial and temporal lags, as well as the complex system of biophysical interactions at the heart of climate change. LCT presents ...

This research note explores the issues of perceptions of risk and a changing environment for Antarctic tourism. A pilot study was undertaken aboard an Antarctic cruise ship in February 2008 with the purpose of examining the views of passengers about risk and environmental change in light of the recent sinking of the Explorer and the growing awareness of climate change effects in polar regions.

Popular press and industry stakeholders are reporting a travel trend whereby tourists increasingly seek to experience the world's most endangered sites before they vanish or are irrevocably transformed. Termed ‘last-chance’ or ‘doom’ tourism in the popular media, the desire for tourists to witness vanishing landscapes or seascapes and disappearing species may have important consequences for tourism management, yet the nature of these consequences is poorly understood by the academic community. This paper describes how last-chance tourism is promoted in various tourism marketing strategies, especially in the Arctic. The analysis is supported through a literature review of web-based information and an analysis of three different studies conducted in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada – the self-declared polar bear capital of the world. The authors also examine more closely the concepts of dark and last-chance tourism, and elaborate on the possible connections between the two. The paper concludes with a discussion ...

Visitors to Canada's newest national park, Torngat Mountains National Park (TMNP), currently consist of reporters, researchers, tourists, and local Inuit from both Nunatsiavut in northern Labrador and Nunavik in northern Quebec. The national park features spectacular scenery and several types of charismatic mega-fauna, including caribou, whales, and polar bears. Isolated and difficult to access, the park's current approach to managing human–bear interactions, the backbone of which is trained Inuit guides and bear-monitors, has been quite effective. However, as traditional activities by Inuit, and the number of visitors and types of tourists to the area increases, there may be a need by the park management to re-examine current polar bear management strategies.

This issue of Polar Geography represents a collection of research papers compiled as a result of the 2006 Canadian Association of Geographers (CAG) Annual Meeting in Thunder Bay, Ontario (29 May to...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a valuable tool in the laboratory. PCR enables an investigator to amplify specific DNA and subsequently view the results of the amplification. There are many potential uses for PCR: forensics; identification of genetically inherited diseases; screening of genetically modified organisms; and classification and diagnosis of problematic, small tissue samples.Performing PCR on paraffin-embedded human tissues presents challenges. Fixation, microtomy, DNA extraction, master mix preparation, amplification, and gel electrophoresis are all intricate parts of the PCR process. This report outlines reliable, reproducible methods for achieving accurate PCR results on fixed, routinely processed, paraffinembedded human tissues. (The J Histotechnol 28:219, 2005)Submitted August 24, 2005; accepted with revisions September 28, 2005

A rapid, simple elastic-trichrome stain is described. The combined method reliably and with clear contrast demonstrates vascular and bronchiolar architecture, allowing examination of all components within a single section. The stain has similar utility in many tissues, making it ideal for diagnostic, teaching, or research situations. (The J Histotechnol 14:191, 1991)