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This paper introduces a new method of estimating the variation interval and the expected value of optimal economic operation cost for the energy hub (EH) model considering load and renewable energy uncertainties in the residential district. Firstly, renewable energy and load uncertainties are defined as uncertain sets of historical data. Due to dispatch factors, the traditional EH model is non-linear and difficult to calculate and analyze. In this paper, a multi-step modeling method is developed for the breakdown of a complex EH model (CEH) into several simple EH (SEH) models and variable substitutions in each SEH, to eliminate the non-linearity of CEH. The upper and lower bound of the operating costs are then obtained based on the duality theorem and the expected value is calculated by expected value model. Finally, the case study in Beijing residential district is carried out to confirm the efficiency of the proposed method.

The effects of X-ray irradiation on the random noises, especially the random telegraph noises (RTN), of a 45-nm on 65-nm stacked CMOS image sensor with 8.3M $1.1~\mu \text{m}$ pixels are investigated. It is found that before X-ray irradiation the dominant type of RTN among the noisiest pixels is the source follower (SF) MOSFET channel RTN. In contrast, after X-ray irradiation up to a total ionizing dose of 1 Mrad(SiO2), the RTN becomes dominated by the variable transfer-gate-induced sense node (SN) leakage. These two different types of RTN can be distinguished by their dependence on the transfer gate (TG) OFF voltage and the time between the correlated double sampling (CDS). The magnitude of the RTN from the variable SN leakage is proportional to the CDS time and can be suppressed effectively by increasing the TG OFF voltage, whereas the SF RTN is independent of the CDS time or the TG OFF voltage.

In order to improve the dynamic performance of the traditional proportional integral-differential (PID) vector control system, a control method with improved exponential reaching law and proportional resonance is proposed. First, a sliding mode controller based on the improved exponential reaching law is designed and introduced into the motor control system. The exponential reaching law does not add new parameters. But can achieve the goal of reducing chattering and improving anti-disturbance performance. Then, a current controller based on improved proportional resonance is proposed. It can track the ac signal quickly and reduce the number of coordinate rotation transformation of motor system. The simulation results show that this method can effectively improve the dynamic performance and robustness of the control system.

Confronted with considerable intermittence and variability of wind power, the flexibility of the power system that balances the uncertainties is gradually inadequate. Power systems are confronted with a huge challenge of renewable energy integration under insufficient flexibility. Therefore, this paper proposes an economic dispatch model for wind-hydro-thermal power system considering the reservoir flexibility. Through establishing a dynamic control model of flood limit water level (FLWL), the flexibility of reservoir shrunken by the static FLWL in flood season is exploited. This dynamic model is based on the pre-released capacity constraint method and real-time forecast information, which can improve the flexibility of the reservoir without increasing the flood control risk. Simulation results on the IEEE 30-bus system verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.

The demand response realizes the flexible energy utilization on the user side and promotes the energy utilization efficiency in the multi-energy micro-grid system. This paper establishes a two-dimensions price-based demand response model with both vertical load transfer and horizontal energy conversion. Considering a variety of renewable energy resources and energy storage, this paper studies the optimal scheduling of multi-energy micro-grid system with the feedback of residual power sold to the external grid, so as to maximize the revenue of a multi-energy micro-grid system operators. A case study shows that the two-dimensions price-based demand response can not only effectively reduce the energy consumption cost of users, but also improve the benefits of multi-energy micro-grid system.

A new method for on-chip random telegraph noise (RTN) characteristic time constant extraction using the double sampling circuit in an 8.3 Mpixel CMOS image sensor is described. The dependence of the measured RTN on the time difference between the double sampling and the key equation used for time constant extraction are derived from the continuous time RTN model and the discrete event RTN model. Both approaches lead to the same result and describe the data reasonably well. From the detailed study of the noisiest 1000 pixels, we find that about 75% to 85% of them show the signature of a single-trap RTN behavior with three distinct signal levels, and about 96% of the characteristic time constants fall between 1 ${\mathrm{ \mu }}\text{s}$ and 500 ${\mathrm{ \mu }}\text{s}$ with the median around 10 ${\mathrm{ \mu }}\text{s}$ at room temperature.

Database technology has been successfully applied to the traditional data processing environment where data are represented by well-formatted records. There is a growing interest in extending this database technology to more advanced application environments such as VLSI CAD/CAM, cartography, etc., where data are less structured and have very complex semantics. In this paper, we describe the data interactions in the design and manufacturing phases which are necessary to integrate the two phases automatically. These data requirements are part of an integrated information support system geared towards the “make to order” design and manufacturing process. An expert system translator to carry out the integration is described and demonstrated in an example. An overall goal of our research is to determine the database support necessary for a completely integrated information support system for generic design and manufacturing processes.