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Energy Communities (EC) are a promising solution to reduce both the carbon footprint and the impact of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) on the distribution grid. Based on a simple energy sharing principle, EC can be decisive in the next future energy transition of some problematic territories, like small islands not supplied by the main power grid. By integrating Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), it is possible to improve the EC performance. However, due to the still high BESSs unit prices, the goal of this work is to find the optimal size of BESSs, under various conditions, which combines the need to maximize shared energy and the possible revenue of EC actors. To set this multi-objective problem, in this paper is presented a procedural algorithm, numerically implemented in MS Excel environment and optimized through GRG nonlinear algorithm of MS Excel Solver. The algorithm is applied to the case study of Pantelleria island.

Machine learning can be considered as a very important area within artificial intelligence and it is characterized by algorithms and techniques that learn by examples. In the last decade, mainly due to the improvements obtained in the field of high performance computing, such as the enhanced exploitation of cloud technology and of graphics processing units (GPU), machine learning models have gained considerable progress as far as remote sensing and Earth Observation (EO) applications are concerned. However, the need of huge quantities of data necessary for the training phase, may be still a limiting factor especially in problems addressing the quantitative estimation of geo-physical parameters. In this paper, we report about the design and the development of a new platform capable of meeting the requirements of scientists and researchers who are attracted by the use of machine learning but meet difficulties in the generation of reliable data sets. The platforms relies on the implementation of radiative transfer models, plus a bunch of appropriate functionalities, in order that simulated data can be added to those available by ground-truth campaigns.

Recent developments in the ITS field are orienting the research towards new paradigms or on the development of new traffic models based on existing ones. The main focus of this paper regards the development of a hybrid traffic model using existing models in the literature as a base, being able to support the modelling and control of automatic and connected vehicles. This paper proposes an innovative hybrid model tested in a close loop to verify its continuity and on an arc with a traffic light downstream to analyse the creation and discharge of queues. It also provides traffic indicators to compare these layouts modelled with the Hybrid model with respect to an application of a basic Cell Transmission Model and Cellular Automata model. Results provide three main contributions: i) the local consistency is verified; ii) it is suitable for applications of traffic control strategies; iii) it is reliable in terms of reality reproduction.

The research concerns the study of a device composed of two electrical contacts with the soil inside a container that showed good potentialities as transducer based on chemo-electrical principle typically used for biological fuel cell and green sensors. The main objective of the work here presented is the correlation between the content of microorganisms of the soil and the response in terms of voltage generation. To accomplish this task, the measurements have been performed considering the output response of a soil as a function of energy radiation doses. As standard reference, soils were also sterilized by heat. Particular emphasis is given to the reduction of the microbial activities in the soil using different dose values and temperature values considering the correlation with the output signal. The measurements campaigns here addressed demonstrate the suitability of the transduction principle for the design of suitable green devices useful for the realization of transducer and sensing systems.

Standards developed by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) are a very important source of information for electrical safety programs and safe electrical installations for a very large number of individuals and organizations. They are widely used by many countries around the world. NFPA 70®, National Electrical Code®, (or NEC®), and NFPA 70E®, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace® are two more commonly known examples, although there are many others. NFPA has a well-established process for the development of new standards and for periodic review and revision of existing ones. Understanding this standards development and revision process is important to everyone involved with electrical safety. It follows a defined set of rules and regulations that moves the standards through the process, and that also encourages participation from members of the public. Most people are not aware of what this process is, or that it encourages public participation. The process is open to anyone and the more involvement from affected individuals, the better the resulting standards. Everyone has their own knowledge, experiences and expertise. All are valuable and should be included in the process. The objective of this paper is to increase a person's knowledge of the process, including explaining how anyone can get involved and encouraging them to do so.

Many studies have focused on Virtual Reality (VR) frameworks for remotely controlling robotic systems. Although VR systems have been used to teleoperate robots in simple scenarios, their effectiveness in terms of accuracy, speed, and usability has not been rigorously evaluated for complex tasks that require accurate trajectories. In this work, an Enhanced Virtual Reality (EVR) framework for robotic teleoperation is evaluated to assess if it can be efficiently used in complex tasks that require accurate control of the robotic end-effector. The environment and the employed robot are captured using RGB-D cameras, while the remote user controls the motion of the robot with VR controllers. The captured data are transmitted and reconstructed in 3D so as to allow the remote user to monitor the task execution progress in real time, using a VR headset. The EVR system is compared with two other interface alternatives: i) teleoperation in pure VR (the model of the robot is rendered with respect to its real joint states), and ii) teleoperation in EVRR (the model of the robot is superimposed on the real robot). The results show that pure point cloud interfaces suffer from visualization issues, reducing the effectiveness of the robot teleoperation. However, the accuracy and user experience can be greatly improved by including the robot model.

Los sistemas de recomendacion constituyen hoy una de las principales areas de investigacion dentro de la Inteligencia Artificial. U na de las tecnicas mas u sadas p or e stos s istemas es el filtrado b asado e n c ontenido, q ue b asa s us recomendaciones en los items consumidos por un usuario y sus caracteristicas. Describir estas caracteristicas de manera automatica puede ser todo un desafiio. En este trabajo se propone un enfoque basado en aprendizaje profundo y procesamiento de lenguaje natural para realizar recomendaciones personalizadas usando filtrado basado en contenido. Se analizaron diferentes modelos usando redes neuronales. Se detallan experimentos preliminares en el dominio de las peliiculas con resultados muy prometedores.

The nonlinear nature of dual active bridge (DAB) converters arises from switching between linear dynamics at controlled intervals. In this paper, we model DAB as a hybrid dynamical system consisting of a finite number of modes with linear dynamics and switching surfaces specifying the transition between the modes. In the conventional phase shift modulation (PSM) strategy, the phase shift φ governs the mode transitions and can be used to control DAB output voltage and power. We incorporate φ as a system state and calculate a linearization about a nominal trajectory with so-called saltation matrices that capture the first-order effects of perturbing the states between mode transitions. We demonstrate this linearization provides an accurate discrete-time small-signal model of the DAB.

International audience; This work proposes the electrothermal modeling of a packaged GaN power transistor in order to evaluate by simulation its performances in a 200 W - 1 MHz DC/DC converter. The complete electrical modeling of the high frequency converter using EM-circuit co-simulations is presented. After validation of the GaN transistor switchings waveforms and estimation of power losses, the operating temperature of the device is simulated and experimentally validated.

Design solutions and technology considerations of a 6–52 GHz cascode distributed amplifier are presented in this paper. The amplifier is designed in a Gallium Nitride on Silicon process with two different gate length transistors, namely 60 nm and 100 nm, connected in cascode configuration. The test vehicle, whose additional aim is to show the possibility to integrate transistors with different gate lengths onto the same chip, demonstrates 9 dB gain, 28 dBm saturated output power, 20% PAE and 37 dBm IP3, on average. Comparison with Gallium Nitride on Silicon Carbide based similar works reveals satisfactory performance obtained however on a cost effective and high volume production substrate.

In this paper, a Single-Chip Front-End (SCFE) operating in Ka-Band (35–36.5 GHz) is presented. Chip is designed exploiting a GaN-on-Si technology featured by 100nm gate length provided by OMMIC foundry. This MMIC integrates high-power, low-noise amplification functionalities enabled by a couple of synchronous Single-Pole Double-Throw (SPDT) switches, occupying a total surface of 4.7×3 mm2. Transmit-mode (Tx) performance present a 36 dBm output power, a Power Added Efficiency (PAE) higher than 25% and a 20dB power gain at 2 dB compression. Regarding the receiving-mode (Rx) performance, a sub-3.2 dB Noise Figure (NF) and a linear gain just below the 32 dB level is obtained, with a I/O matching better than 20 dB, as well.

The smart grid is becoming increasingly reliant on communications systems for measurement and control data. A simple cyber-physical attack on the power grid is to introduce delays in the delivery of these measurement and control messages to the control centers of the grid. This paper investigates the consequences of delay using the IEEE 30 bus standard benchmark. The Power System Simulation software PSCAD is used to model the power system. A case study to introduce delays and line cuts and measure the line voltage is presented. The case study is designed to pinpoint the amount of delay that can be tolerated before the system becomes unstable.