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In view of the fact that the planned path of the traditional A* algorithm in the fire map may be close to the fire area, which is not conducive to the escape of personnel on the scene, the heuristic cost of the algorithm is improved. In the improved algorithm, when the nearest fire point of the path is less than three safe distances, the heuristic cost adds the safe distance cost to make the planned path away from the fire area; when the distance is long, it is still the traditional A* algorithm. The simulation results show that the path planned by the improved A* algorithm is far away from the fire area compared with the traditional A* algorithm.

The complicated interior structure of the high-rise buildings brings great difficulties for fire escape routes planning. Existing two-dimensional (2D) emergency evacuation models are utilized to solve the problem of guidance and rescue for fire responders. However, these models are faced with a bottleneck of low security due to limited environmental information and no consideration of trapped personnel behavior features. In this paper, we propose DERP, a dynamic escape route planning method that achieves accurate disaster site avoidance and safety route planning considering fire situation awareness in a smart building. DERP is enabled by two novel designs. First, a three-dimensional (3D) fire information model is constructed by cellular automata considering the overall situation of indoor 3D topological structure, fire situation and crowd distribution. Second, a multiple constraints 3D indoor emergency escape route planning algorithm is designed based on a 3D path safety function. The experimental results show that DERP can plan and adjust the escape route timely and dynamically, thus increasing the escape probability of the trapped people.

This paper proposes a simulation experiment teaching framework for airport fire escape based on virtual reality and artificial intelligence (AI) technology. It uses virtual reality technology and fire science theory to realize the construction of virtual fire scene and management of firefighting facilities, simulates fire dynamics with the help of fire dynamics simulator, and finally evaluates the quality of fire escape based on AI technology. Two example cases demonstrate that the system works well and has promising to become a new teaching mode for fire drill in civil aviation airports.

Eye tracking technology can help to explore user psychology and is widely used in design evaluation, user gaze and behavior analysis. In this paper, we propose a new method to analyze indoor fire escape behavior using head-mounted virtual environment combined with eye tracking. The eyeball tracking module is installed in HTC Vive VR helmet glasses by building indoor fire scene. We collect the three-dimensional position, movement and gaze information of eyes and head simultaneously in the virtual environment. The spatial cognitive process of participants escaping from fire emergency scene is analyzed by the combination of scene walkthrough location information and eye movement information. In order to verify the applicability of the method, we conducted an experiment to collect the movement information of 20 participants. The results show that our method can create qualitative attention maps and quantitative eye movement information, and provide technical support for the evaluation of indoor escape identification system.

The rapid progress in the virtual reality(VR) technology present new opportunities for researchers in areas that are difficult, dangerous or expensive to study in the real world. The authors take advantage of the commercial availability of these VR devices to build a high-rise building fire escape which providing a highly immersive VR simulation game approach, designed to simulate pre-evacuation human reactions in fire emergencies. We replicated this fire scene in our virtual environment (VE) using Unity3D game engine and the HTC Vive head mounted VR display. The results gathered from this virtual simulation were compared to the data from real fire condition to test the effectiveness of the information provided from this VE. Subjective responses show that our simulation-based VR was effective, realistic, and engaging. Overall, the study results confirm the efficacy of the VR technology for research on people's pre-evacuation behavior under fire

The paper presents a novel framework for 3D autonomous navigation for tracked vehicles. The framework takes care of clustering and segmentation of point clouds, traversability analysis, autonomous 3D path planning, motion planning and flippers control. Results illustrated in an exper- iment section show that the framework is promising to face harsh terrains. Robot performance is proved in three main experiments taken in a training rescue area, on fire escape stairs and in a non-planar testing environment, built ad-hoc to prove 3D path planning functionalities. Performance tests are also presented.

The paper research the choosing of the optimal escape routes in fire emergency simulation. Aiming at the lack of fire emergency behavior description and its path pre-processing mechanism without dynamic adapting, this paper presented a novel algorithm based on geometry method in order to make the simulation according with the facts. We abstracted complex scenes as the graph model, and established an adaptive dynamic path query table to create the dynamically generated map, and proposed a model of population density to restrict the escape expectation velocity, which reflects the population movement of social group behavior in emergency situations. Experimental results show that the algorithm can not only access the dynamic optimal escape route, but also realistically describe the crowd social escape behavior under fire emergency situations.

With the rapid development of space technology, space remote sensing activities get a full extension and application. Remote sensing information has become an essential part of geographic information data source. As a very important kind of geographic information in remote sensing information, road information has a wide range of applications in the field of traffic navigation, urban planning, and military reconnaissance. To acquire road information accurately and rapidly is the only way to meet the needs of practical application. But due to the high complexity of remote sensing information of the road, and the modern computer automation has not yet reached the level of the corresponding demand, so far there is still not a mature and reliable automatic road extraction method, so the automatic road extraction technology has become a research hotspot in remote sensing information processing. This paper presents an automatic algorithm based on fuzzy connectedness which can extract road information from the remote sensing images. The algorithm detects the edge of the image with Canny operator and connected domain elimination. Then extend the road with the fuzzy connectedness to form a road image. After using fuzzy connectedness expansion algorithm, the automatic identification of the road can be achieved. In many trials of treating remote sensing images as objects, the performance of this extraction algorithm has high accuracy and greater versatility. The results of the experiment are in line with basic human identification results. Road information is critical to the public when disaster comes, having a full knowledge of the road information may help reducing the casualties. As a result, road extraction is vital to the safety of our citizens as well as our government's emergency warning, preparedness and planning. Road extraction has great significance in the earthquake relief and forest fire escape, thus plays an important role in emergency rescue and relief work.

It discusses the status quo of escape system under the trend of the increasingly high building fire nowadays, and researches its feasibility and operation advantages and disadvantages with TRIZ theory. It makes relevant investigation and research in combination with a part of urban high buildings and the latest escape facilities. Besides, it makes certain preconceptions and prospects on the development of the future high building fire escape system.

To fetch up the deficiency of fire escape education and exercise in our country, a virtual simulation system of fire escape was designed and implemented in this study. From the practical application, according to the characters of the constructed virtual environment, use modeling technology based on graphics and image to make up a approximately real fire scene. The simulation results showed that the system has more interactivity, and its ability to participate in experience makes the simulation training system become an innovative disaster prevention and relief methods.

This article discusses an early stage of research on the potential of crowd simulation tools for (marketing) communication purposes in architecture and urban planning. We argue that today, in architecture and urban planning, agent-based simulation tools have been primarily used for analytical purposes, such as the simulation of pedestrians or fire escape scenarios in buildings, and only rarely for the creation of videos for communication purposes, for example for marketing purposes. We found that even with the best available software tools the cost-benefit ratio for architects is not yet optimal and that architects might - from an economic point of view - today be more effective if they outsource such a task to an animation specialist.This paper is relevant for architects, urban designers, communication and PR experts and for researchers in the fields of architecture, knowledge visualization, communication science, agent-based simulations.