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Reports on the ruling of the U.S. Department of Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control that removes government restrictions on papers from authors in embargoed countries. Contention of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Basis for the ruling; Implications of the ruling for authors living in countries that are under U.S. trade embargoes.

The article provides various announcement related to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Inc. Management Society, provides an overview on various issues published within the issue. Starting January 2008, the society will change its name into IEEE Technology Management Council. Names of the recipient for the 2006, volume 53 best paper award are presented. The issue of the journal presents various reports including one by D. Libaers on the role and contribution of foreign-born scientist in the U.S.

Foreign-born scientists and researchers have long been a fixture in the U.S. R&D system. This paper examines a key indicator of scientific performance—individual research productivity. In a large sample of public sector researchers in nanoscience and technology, it was found that foreign-born scientists are consistently more productive than their native-born counterparts across different organizational settings and within a federal laboratory environment. The results furthermore show that male foreign-born researchers are more productive than their female peers in an unusually multidisciplinary research environment, except in the federal laboratory system. Both policy and management implications of these findings will be discussed. An open-versus closed-door immigration policy debate has historically resulted in policies that favor an open-door immigration policy for foreign-born researchers, but lately, and particularly since September 2001, the policy pendulum has started to swing in the other direction. I argue that a reasonable and sound immigration and science policy would balance the benefits of having a strong contingent of foreign-born researchers with the interests of current and future native-born researchers. Research-intensive organizations would serve their interests well by initiating or sustaining diversity and equal opportunity employment practices, which are likely to have a positive impact on research productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biography of Walter R. G. Baker, a recipient of the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE) Medal of Honor in 1952. Baker was born on November 30, 1892 in Lockport, New York. He graduated from the Union College where he earned a degre in electrical engineering in 1916. He worked with GE after graduating and while at GE he contributed in the creation of a vacuum-tube transmitter for installation in U.S. Navy flying boats. It also presents information on other achievements of Baker. Baker died on October 30, 1960 in Syracuse, New York at age 67.

Contribution: This study contributes to efforts to diversify the field of engineering by studying the influence of co-curricular activities on African American students’ development of key nontechnical professional skills. Background: The 21st Century workforce requires significant collaboration and communication. For engineering graduates to meet workforce challenges, they must graduate with nontechnical skills. This study operationalized these skills using traits identified in the National Academy of Engineering’s (NAE) “Engineer of 2020” report. The NAE also points to the urgent need for the United States to diversify its workforce; broadening the participation of African American engineers is key to doing so. Co-curricular activities help students develop nontechnical professional skills and are particularly important to African Americans at predominantly White institutions (PWIs). Research Question: How do African American engineering students attending PWIs in the United States develop nontechnical professional skills through participation in ethnic-specific co-curricular activities? Methodology: This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of 16 participants from one of six engineering disciplines. Each participant was a member of at least one of the following organizations: a Black fraternity or sorority (termed Black Greek Letter organizations), their campus student chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers, or an institution-sponsored program for racially underrepresented students such as a minority engineering program. Findings: Data analysis revealed significant evidence that involvement in one or more of the studied ethnic-specific co-curricular activities enhanced African American engineering students’ educational experiences by providing resources and opportunities to help them develop professional skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a message from Bin He, a president of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in the U.S. He discusses the significant contribution of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) to the engineering profession and related field, being the most influential professional societies. He calls the members of the IEEE to make every effort to maintain and enhance the quality of their duties and responsibilities in accordance with their objectives.

Comments on the educational activities of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in the U.S. Concerns on the history of the electrical and electronics engineers profession; Lists of members of the association; Goals of the organization.

The article offers update on the development of drug delivery systems in the U.S. It discusses the significant role of system as the right discipline in studying the methods for administering drugs in a safe and efficient manner. The attainment of the discipline depends on the cooperation of different expertise from chemists, biologists, and engineers. It explores the two main issues of the discipline, as well as the different studies conducted by experts to determine its potential application in biomedical engineering. It also notes the involvement of special devices in controlling and enhancing the performance of the discipline. It cites the importance of intense collaboration with the experts to be able to improve the drug delivery discipline step by step.

Reports that the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. (IEEE) Computer Society's Test Technology Technical Council has presented Joachim Mucha with its technical award, recognizing his lifetime contribution to test technology in the United States. Doctorate degree received by Mucha in electromagnetic field theory; Role of Mucha in promoting the IEEE European Design for Test Workshop; Other awards received.

George O. Squier, the inventor of the Muzak system, was the inventor as well, in 1910, of telephone carrier multiplexing, the forerunner of microwave frequency multiplexing after World War II, and its current incarnation as optical wavelength multiplexing. Squier was a Major in the United States Army Signal Corps at the time, later becoming Major General and Chief Signal Officer. His invention was initially rejected by AT&T engineers as not being commercially viable. This view was not shared by others in the engineering community, including John Stone Stone, a distinguished independent telephone engineer. After prodding by Stone, AT&T officials began a reappraisal of the "wired wireless" system, as Squier chose to call it, and by 1914 development of a commercial system, was underway. By 1918, however, when the AT&T system went into service, AT&T was claiming that Squier's's work had only been "suggestive" and that its system was based on inventions of its own engineers. We describe the sequence of events, beginning with Squier's invention, that led to the AT&T commercial rollout of carrier multiplexing. We also offer some possible reasons, based on archival documents, as to why AT&T downplayed Squier's invention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article profiles Melville Eastham, a U.S. engineer-entrepreneur and founder of General Radio Co. Eastham was born in Oregon City, Oregon in 1885. He studied at Portland Academy and had his first job at an electric street railway company in Portland. He received the Institute of Radio Engineers' Medal of Honor because of his contributions to the field of electric engineering. Aside from pioneering work in the field of radio measurements, he had greatly influenced laboratory practice in communication and engineering. His company, General Radio, specialized in the design and manufacture of the precision instruments suitable for high-frequency research.

Profiles electrical engineer Frank J. Sprague, who, in 1910, received the Edison Medal of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers in the U.S. Educational background; Contributions as an engineer with the Edison Company; Experiment with the use of electric motors for urban transit systems in the mid-1880s.

The article announces the Van Duzer Prize, which is sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Council on Superconductivity for the best contributed paper in the U.S. The award aims to encourage authors to prepare well written and comprehensive contributions with archival values. It mentions the 2006 Van Duzer Prize recipients for their paper titled "Incorporation of a Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Response for the Barrier Material in the Josephson Junction Circuit Model."

The article presents an obituary for engineer Richard Newton.

Following the success of summer-camp-based programs, a new program has been developed for in-school sessions focused around LEGO robotics to foster interest in STEM topics at a young age. The program has been implemented in a very diverse school, and preliminary results on the efficacy of the program are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article profiles Lori Rux of the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers and the Technical Program Co-Chair for the 2007 Electrical Insulation Conference in the U.S. Rux is the Senior Hydropower Program Manager for the Corps' Northwestern Division (NWD). Coming from a very rural background, Rux was not exposed to engineering until she finished high school, earned an associates degree, and began working as an electronics technician at Intel. It was there that she saw engineers at work and realized they were engaged in more challenging projects, offered more responsibilities, and received better compensation.

This article discusses the communication difficulties faced by engineers, computer scientists, and policy analysts in the determination of public policy in the U.S. The author uses political satire to indicate the role played by special interests and lobbyists in debates over policy in the U.S. The typical public response to technology policy proposals is contrasted with the generation of proposals regarding the redevelopment of the electric power grid in the U.S. This distinction is attributed to the manner in which these policy changes were proposed.

The article focuses on the use of online course dialogue concerning the ethics of weapons design in the U.S. The purpose of this initiative is to instill professional and ethical responsibilities on engineering students. The results of the dialogue provide mixed responses on whether or not engineers are responsible for negative outcome of weapons design.

Focuses on the role of security engineers in providing quantitative data on the reliability of the individual parts and mathematically sound basis for combining part reliabilities into the system reliability in the U.S. Statistical element of computer software; Extrapolation of the rate of discovery; Assurance of the define level of security.

Presents information on a study which dealt with the adoption of concurrent engineering approach that focuses on coordination and integration among engineering, production and marketing functions. How the added complexity of the product development path in semiconductor manufacturing in the United States may impede integration; Factions of engineers in a manufacturing firm; Examination of product development at semiconductor plants.

Explores the relationship between providing technical and managerial career opportunities to R&D (research and development) professionals and turnover. Relevance of current turnover theory; Factors influencing turnover in organizations; Listing of relationships under certain conditions; Description of methods; Results of study; Discussion of results; Implications of study; References.

This article discusses the engineering education research with a special reference to the Frontiers in Education (FIE) conference held in 1981. The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Education Society started the conference in 1971. The conference was co-sponsored by the Research and Methods Division of the American Society for Engineering Education, who joined it as a co-sponsor in 1973. It was later joined by IEEE Computer Society as a co-sponsor in 1995. The conference was a great help to engineering faculty to become more scholarly teachers. Furthermore, extraordinary leadership in engineering education has been provided by the IEEE Education Society.

Focuses on rehabilitation engineers in government service in the United States. Pervasive impact of government in rehabilitation engineering; Rehabilitation engineers working at the National Institute for Disability Related Research; Motivations of the rehabilitation engineers for leaving academia or private industry to pursue government service; Roles played by trained engineering scientists at the institute.

The author reflects on the recent workshop held in Washington by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering (NEA) in which most of the discussions give much attention on the kinds of ideas depicted in the pages of IEEE Technology and Society Magazine. He argues that social justice has generated a controversy among engineers. The author believes that the workshop marks a good engineering among people.