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Aim: To review the evidence on the effects/impact of electronic nursing documentation interventions on promoting or improving quality care and/or patient safety in acute hospital settings. Background: Electronic documentation has been recommended to improve quality care and patient safety. With the gradual move from paper‐based to electronic nursing documentation internationally, there is a need to identify interventions that can effectively improve quality care and patient safety. Evaluation: We conducted a systematic review on the effectiveness of electronic nursing documentation interventions on promoting or improving quality care and/or patient safety in acute hospital settings. Key Issues: Six articles reporting on six individual studies met all eligibility criteria. They were uncontrolled pre/post intervention studies reporting positive impacts on at least one or more outcomes. Most outcomes related to documentation practice and documentation of content. Conclusion: Some evidence from our review indicates that implementing electronic nursing documentation in acute hospital settings is time saving, reduces rates of documentation errors, falls and infections. Implications for Nursing Management: A planned approach from management over time to allow nurses adapt to new electronic systems of documentation would seem a good investment in terms of efficiency of work time, possibly resulting in more time for clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children who grow up in homes affected by domestic violence and abuse (DVA) are at risk of poor outcomes across the lifespan, yet there is limited evidence on the acceptability and effectiveness of interventions for them. A recent review of child‐focused interventions highlighted a gap in understanding the factors influencing the willingness of parents and children to engage with these programmes. We conducted a systematic review of qualitative evidence on the experiences of receiving and delivering interventions with the aim of identifying factors at different levels of the social–ecological context that may influence parent and child readiness to take up interventions. We searched literature till April 2016 and found 12 reports of eight programmes. Two authors independently screened papers for inclusion, extracted data and identified the first‐ and second‐order constructs. The third‐order constructs were derived and fitted to the ecological framework to inform a picture of readiness to engage with interventions. Three key findings emerged from this review: (a) parent and child readiness is influenced by a complex interplay of individual, relationship and organisational factors, highlighting that individual readiness to take up child‐focussed interventions must be viewed in an ecological context; (b) the specific process through which women become ready to engage in or facilitate child‐focussed interventions may differ from that related to uptake of safety‐promoting behaviours and requires parents to be aware of the impact of DVA on children and to focus on children's needs; (c) there are distinct but interlinked processes through which parents and children reach a point of readiness to engage in an interventions aimed at improving child outcomes. We discuss the implications of these findings for both practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A need for people‐centred health and social support systems is acknowledged as a global priority. Most nations face challenges in providing safe, effective, timely, affordable, coordinated care around the needs and preferences of people who access integrated health and social care (IHSC) services. Much of the current research in the field focuses on describing and evaluating specific models for delivering IHSC. Fewer studies focus on person‐centred experiences, needs and preferences of people who use these services. However, current international guidance for integrated care sets a precedence of person‐centred integrated care that meets the health and well‐being needs of people who access IHSC services. This integrative literature review synthesises empirical literature from six databases (CINAHL; MEDLINE; AMED; TRIP; Web of Science and Science Direct; 2007–2019). This review aims to better understand the experiences and health and well‐being needs of people who use IHSC services in a community setting. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria and results were thematically analysed. Three overarching themes were identified, including relationships, promoting health and well‐being and difficulty understanding systems. Findings of this review indicate that relationships hold significance in IHSC. People who access IHSC services felt that they were not always involved in planning their care and that there was a lack of clarity in navigating integrated systems; subsequently, this impacted upon their experiences of those services. However, service user and informal carer voices appear to be underrepresented in current literature and studies that included their views were found to be of low quality overall. Collectively, these findings support the need for further research that explores the person‐centred experiences and needs of people who access IHSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Self-management strategies are important in healthcare for people with Parkinson's to improve daily living. There is limited evidence on effectiveness in Parkinson's, and the active components of effective self-management strategies are uncertain. This review aims to identify and synthesise the qualitative evidence regarding the experiences of self-management components by people with Parkinson's and their carers. Methods. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched from inception to July 8, 2020, for qualitative research concerning self-management for people with Parkinson's. Data were coded and thematically synthesised using NVivo. Findings. Of 9547 search results, six papers were included in the final thematic synthesis. The studies reviewed consisted of 147 participants: 104 were people with Parkinson's and 43 were carers. Seven main themes were derived concerning self-management of people with Parkinson's: (1) medication management, (2) physical exercise, (3) self-monitoring techniques, (4) psychological strategies, (5) maintaining independence, (6) encouraging social engagement, and (7) providing knowledge and information. These components should be incorporated as relevant strategies and techniques and should be specific as well as tailored to different stages of the disease. Discussion. Self-management programmes for people with Parkinson's should include the seven themes presented as part of this review and pay particular attention to presenting relevant information and skills as they relate to different stages of the disease. Tailoring information and social engagement were two components that required specific attention in order to engage people with Parkinson's effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Specialist supported accommodation services have become a key component of most community‐based mental healthcare systems. While mental health policies highlight the importance of service user involvement in service development and care planning, there are no comprehensive literature reviews synthesising services users’ perspectives on, or experiences of, supported accommodation services. This systematic review was undertaken to fill this gap. We searched electronic databases (January 2015, updated June 2017), conducted hand searches and used forward‐backward snowballing to identify 13,678 papers. We inspected the full‐text of 110 papers and included 50 of these in the final review. Data extraction and quality assessments were conducted. We used narrative synthesis to develop a conceptual model of service users’ experiences that included structural, process, relational and contextual factors, such as the characteristics of the service, relationships with staff and other service users, the intensity and nature of support, the physical environment, and social and community integration. The review highlights the complex interplay of individual, service‐level and community factors in shaping the lived experience of service users and their impact on personal identity and recovery. Our approach addressed some of the widely reported limitations of the quantitative research in this field, providing a conceptual model relevant to service user experiences across supported accommodation service types, population groups and countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Aim: This paper sought to identify the factors that should be considered in the study of bedside handover at the change of nursing shift. Background: The introduction of bedside handover at the change of nursing shift has been linked to increased patient safety; bedside handover is not a simple change of location but a fundamental change in nursing practice. Method: An integrative review of the literature was performed, to identify factors that should be considered when exploring and describing the process and content of nursing handover when performed at the patient bedside. Results: Nursing handover conducted at the patient's bedside is different to other forms of clinical handover in that the patient is part of the process. A dedicated tool is required to comprehensively study and understand the complexities of the bedside handover at the change of nursing shift. Conclusion: The factors identified in this literature review should be used to develop a tool to study the phenomenon that is nursing bedside handover. Implications for Nursing Management: Handover at the change of nursing shift is a high risk, high volume nursing practice, therefore the introduction of bedside handover should be systematically studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topic. Prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) are first-line medical therapy for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT). Intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects in full responders are known to be 25–33% for this class; however, partial responders and nonresponders do exist. In clinical trials or prospective series, discontinuation and washout of PGAs is necessary to evaluate true change in IOP from novel surgeries and medical therapies. Clinical Relevance. To identify all relevant papers with pertinent data on washout of PGAs and quantify the duration and long-term effect of reported PGA washout periods in glaucoma and OHT patients. Methods. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the long-term effects on IOP after discontinuation of topical PGAs POAG and OHT patients. The main search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, and BIOSIS Previews and conference proceedings. Results. 1055 papers were identified, 548 were independently screened by two physicians., and 56 papers were analyzed for washout durations. The mean washout was found to be 4.56 weeks (±1.25), with the mode and median being 5 weeks. Five studies were analyzed as randomized control trials in which latanoprost was discontinued for 4 weeks prior to restarting another intraocular pressure-lowering drug. Meta-analysis revealed a 4-week discontinuation of latanoprost, on average, subjects returned to their baseline IOP. Conclusion. A significant IOP-lowering effect of latanoprost was not observed beyond 4 weeks, suggesting this may be an appropriate washout period for latanoprost. We could not identify appropriate washout periods for either travoprost or bimatoprost, although a majority of articles had 4-week washout durations for the two drugs. Despite the widespread use of this class of medication, there is a paucity of literature on the effects of PGA washout in patients that are treatment naïve to other topical medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this review was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) for management of parenting distress in parents of children with disabilities. Design: A narrative review was conducted. A search protocol was conducted using Google Scholar, EBSCO, Pubmed, CINAHL, Ovid, and PsycINFO databases up to September 1, 2016. Results: Interventions used a variety of approaches to implement mindfulness training, including MBIs and combined mindfulness and other interventions. Targeted outcomes included in this review were parenting stress and psychological distress. Most of the reviewed papers reported positive role of MBIs to manage parenting distress. Conclusion: The results of this first review on the topic provide preliminary support for the efficacy of MBIs for supporting parents of children with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many individuals affected by cancer who experience emotional distress report not wanting help. This review aims to understand why individuals affected by cancer seek, accept or decline help for emotional distress and what influences these actions. A systematic review and thematic synthesis of the qualitative literature was conducted. Using pre‐defined search terms, four electronic databases were searched from January 2000 to May 2016. Pre‐determined inclusion and exclusion criteria were then applied. Identified papers were quality appraised. In total, 32 papers were included in the synthesis. Four themes emerged from data synthesis: attaining normality—the normality paradox; being emotionally literate; perceptions of help; needs‐support gap. Attaining normality is ideographic, context dependent and temporally situated; some individuals maintain normality by not seeking/declining help whereas others seek/accept help to achieve a new normality. Thus, attaining normality paradoxically functions to explain both why individuals sought/accepted help or did not seek/declined help. Data indicate that a context dependent, systems thinking approach is merited to enhance psychosocial care. In particular, clinicians must actively explore the personal context of an individual's distress to ensure that help desired and help offered are mutually understood. Further research must address the limitations of the current evidence base to advance theoretical understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United Kingdom (UK), link worker social prescribing has emerged as an option to improve long‐term condition management and address primary care patients' non‐medical needs by linking patients with community‐based activities and support. Social prescribing is a complex, heterogenous intervention, and there is currently no taxonomy of components to guide its implementation and evaluation. This study aimed to identify and categorise the components of link worker social prescribing schemes in the United Kingdom. A scoping review of peer‐reviewed literature was conducted. Six databases were used to identify papers that met inclusion criteria. Eligible articles were original research studies in the United Kingdom describing interventions that included (1) initial referral of adults with chronic physical health conditions and/or unmet social needs from primary care to a link worker or equivalent role, (2) consultation with a link worker or equivalent role and (3) referral to a community‐based or government service. Of the 1078 articles identified, 32 met study eligibility criteria, representing 22 social prescribing schemes. We drew from the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) to identify, organise and report intervention components. We found wide variations in geography, target populations and intervention components such as activities and procedures conducted by primary care staff and link workers, organisational and staffing configurations and use of tools and financing approaches to facilitate adoption. Intervention components are summarised into a taxonomy to guide future research, policy and practice efforts in addition to supporting standardised intervention reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased rates of domestic violence (DV) have been associated with events such as public holidays, seasonal variations, disasters and economic crises. Sport is seen as gendered, exemplifying hegemonic masculinity and associated violence, with the link between sporting culture and violence against women well recognised. This paper reports on a systematic review of empirical research literature exploring the link between major sporting events and incidence of DV. We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and Proquest Central databases from inception to December 2020 for quantitative studies examining major sports events and reports of DV using a pre–post comparison design. Study quality was assessed using the Kmet quality assessment tool. The review identified 1445 records following duplicate removal. Once screened and assessed for eligibility, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results are presented qualitatively due to the heterogeneity across studies. Most studies originated in North America and the United Kingdom, used police records as their data source for measuring incidences of DV and few looked beyond the day of the sports event for recorded incidences of DV. Studies reviewed suggested that there is an association between certain major sports events and increased reporting of DV. However, studies' findings conflicted with regards to whether increases were associated with contact sports, the rivalry between competing teams, whether the events were emotionally salient and whether alcohol was a contributing factor. In conclusion, there is limited research globally. Heterogeneity and conflicting findings mean that more research is needed to understand the associations and inform community prevention/interventions to address DV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide and they disproportionally affect people living in disadvantaged communities. Nurse‐led behaviour change interventions have shown great promise in preventing CVD. However, knowledge regarding the impact and nature of such interventions in disadvantaged communities is limited. This review aimed to address this knowledge gap. A six‐stage scoping review framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley, with revisions by Levac et al., was used. The search process was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses‐Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). Three electronic databases were searched (PUBMED/MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, and Cochrane CENTRAL), and included studies were analysed using Braun and Clarke's 'Thematic Analysis' approach. Initial searches yielded 952 papers and 30 studies were included in the review following duplicate, title/abstract, and full‐text screening. The included studies indicate that nurse‐led behaviour change primary prevention interventions in disadvantaged areas are largely effective; albeit the considerable variety of intervention approaches, study populations and outcome measures used to date make it difficult to ascertain this. Other identified key areas in the promotion of nurse‐led behaviour change included tailoring interventions to specific populations, providing adequate training for nurses, overcoming patient access difficulties and encouraging patient engagement. Overall, the findings indicate that nurse‐led behaviour change interventions for high‐risk CVD patients in disadvantaged areas show much promise, although there is considerable variety in the interventions employed and studied to date. Further research is needed to examine the unique barriers and facilitators of interventions for specific disadvantaged groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the development and preliminary evaluation of a novel participant‐led video (PLV) intervention to support people with disability (PWD) and cognitive and communication impairments to communicate their needs and preferences to their disability support workers. The PLV intervention was designed following a scoping literature review and workshop with PWD and close others. Subsequently, it was piloted with five primary participants with acquired brain injury and cognitive and communication impairments, five close other supporters and five facilitators. An independent mixed methods evaluation of the pilot was conducted with participants, close others and facilitators. All pilot evaluation participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the PLV intervention (mean ratings: primary participants 4.5/5.0; supporters 5.0/5.0; facilitators 4.8/5.0). When primary participants and their supporters were asked to rate how likely they were to recommend the PLV intervention, responses were extremely positive with the mean rating exceeding eight on a 10‐point scale. Qualitative analysis of interview data revealed the PLV to be a person‐centred experience for primary participants that was structured around sense of self and included having a voice and taking control in directing their lives, personal growth through participation and feeling validated through the experience. The production and use of PLV training resources has much potential to improve the delivery of support and maximise support outcomes by enabling people with cognitive and communication impairments to have choice and control, set their own goals and direct their supports. Further research is required with a larger sample size and longitudinal evaluation of participant outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cancer patients and caregivers have myriad unmet needs which can have detrimental consequences on their psychosocial wellbeing. This systematic review aims to identify the unmet supportive care needs of immigrant and native Chinese cancer patients and caregivers. Methods: We systematically searched various electronic databases (e.g. Scopus, CINAHL, PsycInfo, etc.) from the earliest date available until January 2018. Additional studies were identified through reference lists and citation tracking. Eligibility criteria included: (a) qualitative, quantitative and/or mixed methods studies published in English; (b) immigrant and native Chinese cancer patients and/or caregivers (age ≥18 years); (c) unmet needs and/or their correlates. Studies were assessed for their risk of bias, and a narrative synthesis of findings was performed. Results: Forty‐seven papers from 45 studies met eligibility criteria. The most prevalent area of unmet needs was health system and information. Patients most commonly desired one member of the hospital to talk to about all aspects of their care. Caregivers preferred information about the patient's prognosis and likely outcome. Anxiety was most commonly associated with higher levels of health system and information needs. Conclusion: Chinese patients and caregivers experience a range of unmet health system and information needs, which differ depending on their stage along the cancer trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to synthesize available literature describing the development, implementation and evaluation of a Professional Practice Model. Background: A Professional Practice Model is an overarching theory‐based framework that depicts nursing values and defines the structure and process of nursing care. No research has synthesized available literature on this topic in recent times. Evaluation: A review of English language papers was published from 2015 to 2022. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Key Issues: All studies highlighted the importance of having a Professional Practice Model that reflects nursing care activities and resonates with nurses across an organization. This is achieved through strong leadership and clinical nurse involvement during the development, implementation and evaluation phases. In addition, a model should be adapted to keep up to date with scientific changes relevant to nursing. Conclusions: This review adds to the body of knowledge on the development, implementation and evaluation of a Professional Practice Model. Future research exploring the benefit of a Professional Practice Model on patient outcomes would be useful. Implications for nursing management: The key elements of a Professional Practice Model including six components and theoretical foundation have been summarized in this review. Nurse leaders should consider these key elements in the creation of a Professional Practice Model. For successful enculturation, a Professional Practice Model needs to be relevant to all nurses and easy for them to articulate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify predictors and consequences of violence or aggression events against nurses and nursing students in different work contexts. Background: Workplace violence against nurses and nursing students is a very common and widespread phenomenon. Actions to manage or prevent violent events could be implemented knowing the risk factors and consequences. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews that summarize knowledge on the predictors and consequences of workplace violence. Evaluation: A scoping review was conducted using electronic databases including APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, PubMed and Scopus. Key issues: After full text analysis, 87 papers were included in the current scoping review. Risk factors of horizontal violence were grouped into 'personal' and 'Environmental and organizational', and for violence perpetrated by patients into 'personal', 'Environmental and organizational' and 'Characteristics of the perpetrators'. Conclusions: The results of this scoping review uncover problems that often remain unaddressed, especially where these episodes are very frequent. Workplace violence prevention and management programmes are essential to counter it. Implications for Nursing Management: The predictors and the consequents identified constitute the body of knowledge necessary for nurse managers to develop and implement policy and system actions to effectively manage or prevent violent events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a dearth of research on how negative religious attitudes towards LGBTQ people inform professional practice. This paper reports on a scoping review of 70 selected studies from 25 different countries. It explores key issues and knowledge gaps regarding the delivery of services to LGBTQ adults by religious healthcare, social care and social work organisations and/or practitioners with faith‐based objections to LGBTQ people and their lives. The review identified four main themes: (1) a close connection between religious affiliation and negative attitudes towards LGBTQ people, among both students and professionals; (2) a heightening effect of religiosity, particularly among Christian and Muslim practitioners/students; (3) educators' religious attitudes informing curriculum design and delivery, and some highly religious students resisting and/or feeling oppressed by LGBTQ‐inclusivity, if present; (4) examples of practice concerns raised by professionals and lay LGBTQ people. The article considers the ethical, practical, educational and professional standards implications, highlighting the need for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability (ID) may have advanced mental reasoning; however, symptomology may vary within the population. Possible symptomology includes communication problems, difficulty relating to people, things, and events, and sensory sensitivity. Current concepts in determining health behavior are not applicable to the ASD without ID population. Aim: The aim of this analysis is to define the concept of egocentric norm in the context of health‐based decisions of adults diagnosed with ASD without ID and to support improved nursing practice with this population. Design: The Walker and Avant approach was used. Model, borderline, and contrary cases are offered. Data Source: Literature search yielded 47 peer reviewed papers that were included in the analysis. Review Methods: Uses of the concept were reviewed, following the Walker and Avant approach. Results: Egocentric norm is defined as an individual's ability to perceive, adapt, and respond to information and potential consequences of personal health behavior based on self‐evaluation and the immediate environment with limited regard to peer and family influence. Conclusions: The new concept of egocentric norm may account for the unique dynamics presented by adults with ASD without ID, which may impact health behaviors and actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The professionalisation of doula care and research interest in this area of maternity care/support have both grown internationally in recent years highlighting important broader issues around the access, continuity and delivery of maternity care services. However, no work to date has provided a critical appraisal of the international literature on this topic. In response, this paper presents the first critical review of international empirical literature examining professional doula care for pregnant and birthing women. A database search of AMED, CINAHL, Maternity and Infant Care, and MEDLINE using the search term, 'doula' was undertaken. A total of 48 papers published between 1980 and March 2013 involving trained or professional doulas were extracted. Four descriptive categories were identified from the review: 'workforce and professional issues in doula care'; 'trained or professional doula's role and skill'; 'physical outcomes of trained or professional doula care'; and 'social outcomes of trained or professional doula care'. Of the studies evaluating outcomes of doula care, there were a number with design and methodology weaknesses. The review highlights a number of gaps in the research literature including a lack of research examining doula workforce issues; focus upon the experience and perspective of significant stakeholders such as expectant fathers with regard to trained or professional doula care; clinical trials measuring both subjective experiences and physical outcomes of trained or professional doula support; synergy between the design of clinical trials research examining trained or professional doula care and the clinical reality of professional doula practice. It is imperative that key aspects of trained doula care be subject to further rigorous, empirical investigation to help establish an evidence base to guide policy and practice relating to this area of support and care for pregnant and birthing women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify the factors that are associated with missed nursing care and the nurses' intention to leave. Background: Errors and mistakes are an inevitable part of work, but there is increased evidence that missed care is a concerning issue affecting nurses' ability to effectively coordinate, provide and evaluate care interventions delivered to patients globally. Evaluation: An integrative review of qualitative and quantitative studies examining the consequences of missed nursing care, including intention to leave. Key issues: Eight papers met the inclusion criteria. Thematic analysis generated three themes: Prevalence of missed nursing care, Factors associated with missed nursing care, Factors that impact on missed care and influence the intention to leave. Conclusion: The outcomes of this review demonstrate the need for critical interventions to address the factors that can impact the provision of high‐quality nursing care. Implications for Practice: Missed nursing care is not only a patient safety issue but may also contribute to the inadequate staffing levels. And, better understanding of the factors that affect the intention to leave by nurse managers can stimulate the development of appropriate leadership styles in combination with adjustment of workplace to prevent intention to leave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review comprehensively describes evidence of using peer support to assist informal carers of individuals with dementia (any type). A systematic search of 11 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, TRIP and PubMed) was conducted for research published between 2007–2017 focussing on informal dementia carers, and research designs with interventions incorporating or consisting exclusively of peer support. Authors worked independently to screen retrieved articles, review applicability and extract data. Thirty‐six research papers (representing 28 original studies) were identified, from these, two modes of delivery were demonstrated: 12 studies provided the intervention online, and the remainder face‐to‐face. The review indicated that peer support is of potential benefit to carers if it is delivered via either mode. It is not clear what components may or may not be effective as results provided a mixed landscape of differing intervention effectiveness due to the wide variation in outcome measurements. Trial design using a multi‐component intervention was the predominant choice, with the most common components being Information Sharing and Non‐Healthcare Professional Support for both delivery modes. The burden/anxiety/depression compendium and health and well‐being were the most frequently measured outcomes; perceived level of support was one of the least. The peer support interventions identified included various components, demonstrating no true best practice model. Nonetheless, they can be offered successfully online or face‐to‐face. This provides a unique opportunity to develop and supply tailored peer support interventions for informal dementia carers to ensure their specific needs are met. Further work is required to construct and evaluate the effectiveness of targeted peer‐led support whether online or face‐to‐face to meet the individual needs of dementia carers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prevalence rates of human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) head and neck cancers (HNC) have increased over the last decades. Communicating about HPV is an increasingly relevant part of HNC patient care. This systematic review was conducted to explore healthcare professionals' (HCP) views and experiences of discussing HPV with HNC patients. It also examined perceptions among different HCP groups of their professional roles in HPV discussions. Methods: A narrative synthesis of qualitative research was conducted. Three databases—Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL+—were searched from January 2007 to August 2018. Relevant data were extracted and synthesised thematically. Results: Five studies were identified: four were qualitative and one used mixed methods. HCPs varied in their experience and views of discussing HPV. HCPs who engaged in these discussions believed they were beneficial for patients. All HCPs described the need to address their HPV knowledge deficits in order to provide clear HPV information. Changes in professional roles which were linked to HPV communication for HCPs involved in HNC patient care were also evident. Conclusions: Effective HPV discussions are an important part of patient‐provider interactions. Evidence‐based interventions and professional development activities which support HCPs in their HPV discussions with patients would be valuable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a form of peritoneal malignancy. It originates from a perforated appendiceal epithelial tumour. Patients with PMP experience various stressful and traumatic events including diagnosis with a rare disease, treatment with extensive and complex surgery, and long hospital stays. Currently, there is a scarcity of studies that primarily aim to assess the quality of life of patients with PMP, and there is no reviews or comprehensive understanding of the quality of life (QoL) issues faced by these patients. Even fewer studies have consulted with patients themselves. Objective. To review the current literature on the QoL of patients with PMP and answer two main questions: What methods are being used to assess the QoL patients with PMP and what are the main findings?. Methods. For the scoping review, five scientific databases were searched (CINAHL, EMBASE, Pubmed, PsycInfo, and Medline). Publications that were published between 2002 and 2022 and in English were included in this review. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers against the review's eligibility criteria. Data related to the QoL of patients with PMP in the included studies were extracted to answer two main questions (what were the methods used to assess QoL in this population, and what were the findings?). The extracted data was presented in table form and qualitatively analyzed using content analysis. Findings. Fourteen studies were included in this review. Only five studies out of fourteen assessed the QoL of patients with PMP as a main outcome, and all these studies assessed QoL in relation to surgery. Studies that assessed QoL used different validated measures. There was a consensus among studies that patients' QoL improved by 12 months posttreatment. The most commonly cited symptom of PMP in this review is abdominal pain. Conclusion. The evidence on the QoL of patients with PMP is limited. Studies that assess the quality of life of these patients independent of surgery are needed. There is no consensus on the measure used to assess QoL in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent disease associated with poor quality of life. In this paper, we appraised the role of acupuncture in the treatment of CRS. Methods. Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) that examined the role of acupuncture in CRS. The primary outcome measures included posttreatment CRS severity, as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Total Effective Rate (TER). The risk of bias and quality of evidence were evaluated according to the Cochrane Collaboration's risk-of-bias tool and GRADE tool, respectively. Results. Evidence from the RCTs (n = 10) suggested that acupuncture as a monotherapy or adjunctive therapy to conventional treatment was associated with significant improvements in VAS, TER, and quality of life when compared with conventional treatments for CRS. However, there was a similar incidence of adverse events. The risk of bias was unclear and the quality of evidence for each finding was generally moderate to low. Conclusions. Acupuncture as a stand-alone or adjunctive treatment for CRS was associated with clinical symptom improvement and better quality of life, without any risk for serious adverse events. However, the high clinical heterogeneity of the included RCTs and overall moderate-to-low quality of evidence necessitates rigorous, well-designed trials to confirm these findings. Trial Registrations. This trial is registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42021292135). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case management is a complex intervention aimed at addressing a variety of health needs of people in their social environment. Case management for people with dementia is often poorly defined and insufficiently described. The crucial process steps are often not well understood. We aim to map and compare the key components, processes and contextual factors of case management programmes for dementia and to explore aspects of the interventions' generalisability. Our search covered the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane and GeroLit, as well as policy papers from international organisations. We included qualitative, quantitative and mixed‐methods studies in the English or German language that was published between 1999 and 2020. The programmes were analysed according to programme characteristics, case management intervention and the structural and processing conditions. We identified 67 studies dealing with 25 programmes. Approximately half of the programmes were investigated in randomised controlled trials, two programmes used a mixed‐methods design and the remaining were the subject of pre‐post cohort studies. Participants in the studies were predominantly dyads of people with dementia and their informal caregivers. About half of the programmes reported a theoretical framework. All the programmes were derived from case management approaches or referred to such approaches. Despite huge differences in implementation, all the programmes covered the case management steps. In 14 out of 25 programmes, case management was carried out without additional intervention, the other programmes provided mainly education and training for informal caregivers. Costs of the case management interventions were stated in more than half of the programmes.The effectiveness and generalisability of dementia‐specific case management interventions could be enhanced if the framework introduced in the review was used in the future by policy, practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic has led to the closure or reduction in support services for family carers, resulting in increased social isolation and stress for this population. The current scoping review aimed to identify the impact of COVID‐19 upon carers and support provided for them during the pandemic. Four online databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO and PubMed) were systematically searched on 16th December 2020 and updated on 16th July 2021 for articles written in English and published after January 2020, focused on the carer and the impact of COVID‐19. Google scholar and reference lists of relevant papers were checked, and key authors were contacted for further relevant information. The database searches identified 976 citations, which resulted in 670 unique articles following the removal of duplicates. Title and abstract screening identified 63 articles for full‐text review, 11 of which were subsequently excluded, leaving 52 articles which were subject to inductive thematic analysis. Four key themes were identified. Whilst a number of issues were identified that were exacerbated by the pandemic, others directly resulting from it were revealed. Few studies discussed support measures for carers and only one trial evaluated an intervention. This review identifies the impact of COVID‐19 on carers, but there is a dearth of evidence to inform appropriate tailored support. Governments need to identify carers as a priority group in social care reform and commission co‐produced, evidence and experience informed pathways to reinstate support services, potentially modelled on pandemic plans following the example currently being considered for the paid healthcare workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to use the Walker and Avant method of concept analysis to evaluate the concept of instrumental support in the context of hospital to home care transitions. Findings from this concept analysis suggest three defining attributes of instrumental support: informal support providers, tangible support, and unmet personal needs. Antecedents identified: a strong and supportive social network, an independently functioning adult, an illness resulting in hospitalization, a change in functional status, and the patient being discharged home from the hospital. Consequences of not having adequate instrumental support: unsuccessful recovery at home, increased risk for hospital readmission, decline in physical functioning, health complications, and increased risk of mortality. Empirical referents: patient's report of successful recovery, returning to an independent level of functioning, and the lack of hospital readmission or health complication. A model and a contrary case study were developed to provide examples of clinical cases related to instrumental support. Recommendations related to clinical practice include evaluating the availability/adequacy of instrumental support before hospital discharge and including the identified instrumental support person in the discharge planning process. There are proven benefits of having people within one's social network providing instrumental support during the home recovery period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose. Stroke represents one of the most important causes of morbidity (Just over hundred million patients with disabling of ongoing effects of stroke at a given time, globally) and mortality (the second leading cause of death) worldwide. Innovative system biology-based approach is likely to increase the understanding of the underpinning of acute stroke promise to enhance stroke prevention, acute treatment, and neurorehabilitation. Recent growing body of evidence with shared pathobiology with COVID-19 and the critically important role of inflammation in the context of stroke points to far-reaching consequences of acute stroke, just as in the case of COVID-19 (postacute event issues as well as long term issues). So far, stroke is typically defined by late-appearing disease manifestation by the range of stroke subtypes as defined by the WHO or American Stroke Association. This definition neglects the underlying pathobiological mechanisms such as low-grade chronic inflammation and already compromised vascular system. Diseases such as stroke are hardly a simple result of a single problem but rather a complex cascade of pathobiological processes and interactions in a complex biochemical environment. The evidence of changes in innate immunity and adaptive immunity during the index event of acute stroke and recovery over next 3-12 months can be easily elicited with simple bedside blood tests such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with well over 300 published papers including several systematic reviews and meta-analyses confirming this. Global standard operating procedures (SOP) of stroke care are dictated by the national and international stroke guidelines at present. It is imperative to explore the evidence of system biology approach in current stroke guidelines. This is likely to be a key turning point in managing stroke across the continuum (prevention, management of acute event, and rehabilitation). Methods. We systematically searched for guideline recommendation on the day-to-day use of peripheral inflammatory markers such as NLR published in the English language between January 1, 2005, and October 2020. Any other evidence of system biology-based approach or recommendation was explored within the selected guidelines for this scoping review. Only the latest guideline per writing group was selected. Each guideline was analyzed independently by 2 to 4 authors to determine clinical scenarios explained/given, scientific evidence used, and recommendations presented in the context of system biology. Results. The scoping review found 2,911 titles at the beginning of the search. Final review included with 15 guidelines. Stroke-related organizations wrote sixty-five percent of the guidelines while national ministries wrote a fewer number of guidelines. We were primarily interested in recommendations for acute management in AIS published in the English language. Fifteen eligible guidelines were identified from 15 different countries/regions. None of the guidelines recommended the routine use of peripheral markers of inflammation, such as NLR, among their acute assessment and management recommendations. None of the existing guidelines explored the system biology approach to one of the most complex diseases affecting the human brain, stroke. Conclusions. This systematic review has identified a significant evidence-practice gap in all existing national stroke guidelines published in English medium as of October 2020. These guidelines included the only current "living stroke guidelines," stroke guidelines from Australia with a real opportunity to modernize the living stroke guidelines with systems biology approach, and provide 2020 vision towards better stroke care globally. Investigation of complex disease such as stroke is best served through a systems biology approach. One of the easiest places to start is simple blood tests such as total white cell count and NLR. Systems biology approach point us towards simple tools such immune-inflammatory index (SII) and serial systemic immune inflammatory indices (SSIIi) which should pave the way for the stroke physician community address the challenges in systems biology approach in stroke care. These challenges include translating bench research to the bedside, managing big data (continuous pulse, blood pressure, sleep, oxygen saturation, progressive changes in NLR, SII, SSIIi, etc.). Working with an interdisciplinary team also provides a distinct advantage. Recent adoption of historic WHO-IGAP calls for immediate action. The 2022 World Brain Day campaign on Brain Health for All is the perfect opportunity to raise awareness and start the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of a marked increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes in the United States in recent years with associated health costs totaling $245 billion for 2012, diabetes has become a major health and fiscal concern. Haitian Americans as a cultural group have unique obstacles to effective treatment and management of diabetes. This paper analyzes recent studies relevant to these challenges in anticipation of new research pertaining to this population. Although medication compliance is generally referred to as adherence, it is a complex concept and key challenge in diabetes care. Accordingly, this paper will further define adherence by describing its relevance in effective treatment and management. It will also analyze key theoretical perspectives in diabetes care, summarize recent research, and make recommendations for effective future research on the impact of diabetes education in Haitian Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistani women in the UK are an at-risk group with high levels of mental health problems, but low levels of mental health service use. However, the rates of service use for Pakistani women are unclear, partly because research with South Asian women has been incorrectly generalised to Pakistani women. Further, this research has been largely undertaken within an individualistic paradigm, with little consideration of patients' social networks, and how these may drive decisions to seek help. This systematic review aimed to clarify usage rates, and describe the nature of Pakistani women's social networks and how they may influence mental health service use. Ten journal databases (ASSIA, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, HMIC, IBSS, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Social Sciences Abstracts, Social Science Citation Index and Sociological Abstracts) and six sources of grey literature were searched for studies published between 1960 and the end of March 2014. Twenty-one studies met inclusion criteria. Ten studies (quantitative) reported on inpatient or outpatient service use between ethnic groups. Seven studies (four quantitative, three qualitative) investigated the nature of social networks, and four studies (qualitative) commented on how social networks were involved in accessing mental health services. Pakistani women were less likely than white (British) women to use most specialist mental health services. No difference was found between Pakistani and white women for the consultation of general practitioners for mental health problems. Pakistani women's networks displayed high levels of stigmatising attitudes towards mental health problems and mental health services, which acted as a deterrent to seeking help. No studies were found which compared stigma in networks between Pakistani women and women of other ethnic groups. Pakistani women are at a considerable disadvantage in gaining access to and using statutory mental health services, compared with white women; this, in part, is due to negative attitudes to mental health problems evident in social support networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vulnerability of deafblind people is considered axiomatic; they are seen not only as a vulnerable group but also as one of the most vulnerable. This paper aims to synthesise existing knowledge to determine what is known about such vulnerability. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken between April 2013 and May 2014. The review method was informed by systematic review principles. An approach based on a 'hierarchy of evidence' would have reduced the amount of literature reviewed significantly, to the point where synthesis would not be possible. Included material was appraised and an interpretative rather than aggregative approach to synthesis adopted. Drawing on principles of critical interpretive synthesis, rather than being a determiner of whether material should be included or excluded, a critique of the literature is offered within the synthesis. Twenty-eight references were identified for inclusion, originating from the UK, USA, Australia, Continental Europe and the Nordic Countries. No empirical studies specifically examining the experience of vulnerability of deafblind people were found. However, deafblind people describe feelings of vulnerability in studies exploring their experiences more generally, and in personal accounts of living with the impairment. Literature produced by practitioners and specialist organisations also explores the topic. Deafblind people are identified as a population 'at risk' of various adverse outcomes, particularly when compared to the non-deafblind majority, and deafblind people describe being and feeling vulnerable in various situations. The literature largely relates to negative outcomes and includes significantly less exploration of positive risk taking, coping capacity and resilience. Deafblind people do not appear to describe themselves as being vulnerable as a permanent state, suggesting a need for greater exploration of the experience among all sections of this heterogeneous population, with consideration of the concepts of resilience and coping capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient misunderstanding of cancer clinical trial participation is identified as a critical issue and researchers have developed and tested a variety of interventions to improve patient understanding. This systematic review identified nine papers published between 2000 and 2013, to evaluate the effects of interventions to improve patient understanding of cancer clinical trial participation. Types of interventions included audio-visual information, revised written information and a communication training workshop. Interventions were conducted alone or in combination with other forms of information provision. The nine papers, all with methodological limitations, reported mixed effects on a small range of outcomes regarding improved patient understanding of cancer clinical trial participation. The methodological limitations included: (1) the intervention development process was poorly described; (2) only a small element of the communication process was addressed; (3) studies lacked evidence regarding what information is essential and critical to enable informed consent; (4) studies lacked reliable and valid outcome measures to show that patients are sufficiently informed to provide consent; and (5) the intervention development process lacked a theoretical framework. Future research needs to consider these factors when developing interventions to improve communication and patient understanding during the informed consent process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To appraise the current instruments available for measuring the nursing work environment and re‐examine the definition and construct of the nursing work environment. Background: A psychometrically sound instrument is fundamental to understanding and improving the nursing work environment. The nursing work environment is a complex construct, and its definition remains inconclusive. None of the instruments available is considered as the gold standard. Evaluation: A comprehensive searching was undertaken in August 2021 in six databases according to PRISMA. The COSMIN and modified GRADE were applied to assess the methodological quality and measurement properties of the instruments. Instruments were categorized into three levels. The definition and construct of nursing work environment were revisited. Key issues: Forty‐one studies (19 instruments) were included. One, fourteen, and four instruments are respectively appraised as A‐, B‐ and C‐level recommendation. Definition and eight labels of nursing work environment are identified. Conclusion: This paper provides recommendations for selecting a proper instrument for the nursing work environment. Implications for nursing management: This study helps nurse managers to select instruments and understand the construct of the nursing work environment. The eight labels can be used as a reference for tailoring policy aimed at creating a favourable nursing work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to systematically examine perceptions of nurses and physicians on pay‐for‐performance in hospital. Background: Pay‐for‐performance projects have proliferated over the past two decades, most systematic reviews of which solely focused on its effectiveness in primary health care and the physicians' or nurses' attitudes. However, systematic reviews of qualitative approaches for better examining perceptions of both nurses and physicians in hospital were lacking. Evaluation: Electronic databases were systematically searched with date from the inception to 31 December 2020. Meta‐aggregation synthesis methodology and the conceptual framework of the theory of planned behaviour were used to summarize findings. Key issues: A total of nine studies were included. Three major synthesized themes were identified: (1) perceptions of the motivation effects and positive outcomes, (2) perceptions about the design defects and negative effects and (3) perceptions of the obstacles in the implementation process. Conclusion: To maximize the intended positive effects, nurses' and physicians' perceptions should be considered and incorporated into the project design and implementation stage. Implications for Nursing Management: The paper gives enlightenment to nurse managers on improving and advancing the cause of nurses when planning for or evaluating their institutions' policies on pay‐for‐performance in the future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the widespread use of Health Care Support Workers (HCSWs) in providing palliative and end-of-life care, there is little information available about their contributions towards supporting patients who want to be cared for at home or to die at home. Between January and April 2011, a systematic review was conducted to address two questions: (i) What particular tasks/roles do HCSWs perform when caring for people at the end of life and their families to comply with their desire to remain at home?; (ii) What are the challenges and supporting factors that influence HCSWs' ability to provide palliative and end-of-life care in the community? Databases searched for relevant articles published between 1990 until April 2011 included CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychINFO, British Nursing Index, Web of Science, Medline and ASSIA. In total, 1695 papers were identified and their titles and abstracts were read. Ten papers met the eligibility criteria of the study. After the methodological quality of the studies was appraised, nine papers were included in the review. Judgements regarding eligibility and quality were undertaken independently by the authors. The findings indicate that HCSWs invest a great deal of their time on emotional and social support as well as on assisting in the provision of personal care. They are also involved in providing care for the dying, respite care for family members and offer domestic support. Although it is important to acknowledge the many positive aspects that HCSWs provide, the findings suggest three challenges in the HCSWs role: emotional attachment, role ambiguity and inadequate training. Support factors such as informal peer grief-support groups, sense of cohesiveness among HCSWs and task orientation enabled HCSWs to overcome these challenges. To conclude, induction and training programmes, a defined period of preceptorship, appropriate support, supervision and clearly defined role boundaries may be helpful in reducing the challenges identified in HCSWs' roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perinatal mental health problems are linked to poor outcomes for mothers, babies and families. Despite a recognition of the significance of this issue, women often do not receive the care they need and fall between the gap of maternity and mental health services. To address this, there is a call for reform in the way in which perinatal mental healthcare is delivered. This paper responds to this by exploring the role and competence of midwives in delivering mental healthcare. Using a scoping review methodology, quantitative and qualitative evidence were considered to answer the research question 'what is the nature of the evidence relevant to the provision of mental health interventions by midwives?' To identify studies, the databases PubMed, Maternity and Infant Care, Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, Medline, Science Direct and CINAHL were searched from 2011 to 2018, and reference lists of included studies were examined. Studies relevant to the role of midwives in the management and treatment of perinatal mental health issues were included; studies focussed on screening and referral were excluded. Thirty papers met inclusion criteria, including studies about the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of midwives and student midwives; the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving knowledge and skills; the delivery of counselling or psychosocial interventions by midwives; and barriers and enablers to embedding midwife‐led mental healthcare in practice. Synthesis of the included studies indicates that midwives are interested in providing mental health support, but lack the confidence, knowledge and training to do so. This deficit can be addressed with appropriate training and organisational support, and there is some evidence that midwife‐led counselling interventions are effective. Further research is needed to test midwife‐led interventions for women with perinatal mental health problems , and to develop and evaluate models of integrated perinatal mental healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify organisational characteristics and practices that promote or inhibit the recognition of sexuality in the care of older people in health and aged care settings. Background: Sexuality in old age is poorly understood by health professionals and rarely addressed in care planning and delivery. Nurse managers are ideally placed to lead organisations in promoting a culture of acceptance that enables the expression of sexuality. Evaluation: A search for research/expert opinion papers published from January 2004 to February 2017 was undertaken. Two reviewers performed data extraction and appraisal of 34 included studies using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. The primarily qualitative research was analysed to identify 152 findings that were organised into 22 categories and combined into four syntheses. Key issue(s): An organisation's philosophies frame the way older people's sexuality is perceived. Cultivating a culture and environment of acceptance, engagement and knowledge and delivering care in a way that promotes opportunity for safe and private expression of sexuality are key enabling factors. Conclusion(s): Organisations and nurse leaders can support and facilitate older adults' expression of their sexuality through the review and development of philosophies, policies, procedures, staff attitudes and knowledge and the creation of a conducive environment. Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse managers play a pivotal role in developing a sexuality‐positive organisational ethos by ensuring policies, care practices, the environment and amenities are supportive of the expression of sexuality and by role modelling attitudes of respect and inclusivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-care is an important approach to the management of long-term health conditions and in preventing ill-health by living a healthy lifestyle. The concept has been used to a limited extent in relation to mental health, but it overlaps with the related concepts of recovery, self-management and self-help. These related concepts all entail individuals having more choice and control over treatment and a greater role in recovery and maintaining their health and well-being. This paper reviews qualitative empirical research that provides information on the nature of self-care in mental health from the perspective of people experiencing mental health problems. Twenty qualitative studies were identified from a systematic search of the literature. The methods used in these studies were critically appraised and key themes across studies identified self-care behaviours and processes supporting self-care. The paper also highlights challenges to this approach in mental health and provides a conceptual framework of the relationships between self-care support, self-care behaviours and strategies, and well-being for the individual. It also highlights limitations in the current evidence base and identifies areas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a growing global ageing population, approaches to assess and support decision‐making are becoming more pertinent. This scoping review aimed to identify and map current knowledge on assessment of older adults' decision‐making capacity in relation to independent living. A five‐stage scoping review framework was followed. Inclusion criteria were papers on assessment approaches used to evaluate decision‐making capacity of older adults, aged 60 years and over for independent living, including studies involving people with cognitive impairment and dementia. Five databases were searched for publications with eligibility criteria from January 2000 to December 2020; 4,118 results were retrieved from sources, resulting in 29 publications being analysed, eight of which were research reports. Publication characteristics and methodologies varied; however, many common components of decision‐making capacity assessment for independent living were identified including cognitive, functional, environmental and risk assessment. Overall, a multidisciplinary approach was recommended, and consideration of the person's values and preferences is noted in many publications. Decision‐making capacity assessment for independent living of older adults requires multicomponent, multidisciplinary assessment. Future work is needed to examine this from the perspective of older adults and their caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a meta-synthesis of the literature on community-based self-management to support experiences of people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The aim was to synthesise findings on both formal and informal self-management support with particular reference to the relevance and influence of the social context operating at different levels. The review forms part of EU- WISE, a project financed through EU's 7th Framework Programme. The review was performed by systematically searching MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Psyc INFO and Web of Science for English language publications between 2005 and 2014 presenting research conducted in Europe on the experiences and perspectives of self-management concerns of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The search yielded 587 abstracts, which were reduced through search strategy refinement and eligibility and quality criteria to 29 papers that were included in the review. This review highlights the relevance of contextual factors operating at micro- and macro-levels. The synthesis yielded six second-order thematic constructs relating to self-management: sense of agency and identity, the significance and meaning of social networks, minimal disruption of everyday life, economic hardship, the problem of assigning patients' responsibility and structural influences of primary care. Using a line of argument synthesis, these themes were revisited, and a third-order construct, connectivity emerged which refers to how links in daily life are interwoven with peoples' social networks, local communities, economic and ideological conditions in society in a way which support self-management activities. This meta-synthesis indicates a need to heed the notion of connectivity as a means of mobilising and supporting the self-management strategies of people with type 2 diabetes in everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims This paper uses the construct of absorptive capacity to understand how nurse managers can facilitate the adoption and use of evidence-based practice within health-care organisations. Background How health-care organisations adopt and implement innovations such as new evidence-based practices will depend on their absorptive, or learning, capacity. Absorptive capacity manifests as routines, which are the practices, procedures and customs that organisational members use to carry out work and to make work-related decisions. Methods Using the construct of absorptive capacity as well as a recent literature review of how health-care organisations take on best practices, we illustrate how the uptake and use of new knowledge, such as evidence-based practices, can be facilitated through the use of routines. Implications for nursing management This paper highlights routines that nurse managers can use to foster environments where evidence-based practices can be readily identified, and strategies for facilitating their adoption and implementation. Conclusions The construct of absorptive capacity and the use of routines can be used to examine the ways in which nurse managers can adopt, implement and evaluate the use of evidence-based practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To generate a landscape of the current knowledge in the interventional management and outcomes of purulent skin and soft tissue infections. Design. This study is a scoping review. Methods. Electronic searches were undertaken using CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane Library, British Nursing Index, Science Direct, the National Health Service knowledge and library hub, ClinicalTrials.gov, and MedNar. The population, concept, context framework, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews were utilised, supporting a rigorous appraisal and synthesis of literature. Data Sources. The initial search and synthesis of literature were completed in January 2022 with repeat searches completed in March 2022 and July 2023. There were no imposed chronological parameters placed on the returned literature. Results. Nineteen papers were reviewed. Incision and drainage with primary closure, needle aspiration, loop drainage, catheter drainage, and suction drainage are viable adjuncts or alternatives to the traditional surgical management of skin and soft tissue abscesses. Conclusion. Despite the empirically favourable alternatives to the incision and drainage technique demonstrated, this does not appear to be driving a change in clinical practice. Future research must now look to mixed and qualitative evidence to understand the causative mechanisms of incision and drainage and its ritualistic practice. Implications. Ritual surgical practices must be challenged if nurses are to improve the treatment and management of this patient group. This will lead to further practice innovation. Impact: This study explored the challenges posed to patients, clinicians, nurses, and stakeholders, resulting from the ritualistic practice of the incision and drainage technique in purulent skin or soft tissue abscesses. Empirically and holistically viable alternatives were identified, impacting all identified entities and recommending a wider holistic study. Reporting Method. Adherence to EQUATOR guidance was achieved through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify and summarize evidence of objective achievements and subjective indicators associated with professional success of men in nursing. Background: Despite being a minority group, men in nursing are purported to enjoy hidden advantages. Evaluation: In this integrative review, studies from seven databases were retrieved and independently evaluated using the quality appraisal tools in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Inductive content analysis and narrative synthesis were conducted, guided by the aim of this review. Key issues: In total, 12 studies published between 1987 and 2021 were included. Two themes with related subthemes supporting or refuting professional success of men were identified. These were (a) evidence of professional success and (b) challenges to professional success. Conclusion: As a minority group, men are highly visible in nursing, which is a double‐edged sword. Although men were overrepresented in senior nursing positions of higher salaries than women, they also experienced gender stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination, which reduced the duration of men staying in a specific nursing position. Implications for Nursing Management: Findings of this study highlighted the need for nurse leaders to proactively address specific gender issues that are unique to men in the nursing workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic violence (DV) is a prominent social problem involving upwards of 30% of women and in most cases, it is often the emergency department (ED) that is the first point of call. This qualitative review aimed to explore and describe ED nurses experiences of DV presentations. A search of the qualitative literature was undertaken between 2000 and 2019. This review was performed using a three‐stage process of thematic synthesis. For papers to be included each paper must have described a qualitative account of ED nurses' experiences of DV presentations. Ten papers met the inclusion criteria. Three themes emerged from the papers reviewed—feeling devastated in a world of helplessness and hopelessness; the anger of indifference; and grieving the pain and suffering. These included feelings of anger, rage, depression, guilt, helplessness, sadness, hopelessness, and cynicism. In conclusion, the emotional burden of care in supporting and protecting victims of DV can be immense for the nurses involved. This can lead to ED nurses distancing themselves from the patient as a means of emotional self‐protection as well as increasing compassion fatigue as a result of secondary vicarious trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to understand how the behaviour of focal leaders impacts health care team performance and effectiveness. Background: Despite recent shifts towards more collectivistic leadership approaches, hierarchical structures that emphasize the role of an individual focal leader (i.e., the formal appointed leader) are still the norm in health care. Our understanding of the effect of focal leader behaviours on health care team performance remains unclear. Evaluation: A systematic review was conducted. Five electronic databases were searched using key terms. One thousand forty‐seven records were retrieved. Data extraction, quality appraisal and narrative synthesis were conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Key issues: Fifty papers met the criteria for inclusion, were reviewed and synthesized under the following categories: task‐focused leadership, directive leadership, empowering leadership and relational focused leadership. Conclusions: Categories are discussed in relation to team performance outcomes, safety specific outcomes, individual‐level outcomes and outcomes related to interpersonal dynamics. Emerging themes are explored to examine and reflect on how leadership is enacted in health care, to catalogue best practices and to cascade these leadership practices broadly. Implications for Nursing Management: Empowering and relational leadership styles were associated with positive outcomes for nursing team performance. This underscores the importance of training and encouraging nursing leaders to engage in more collaborative leadership behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper appraises the conceptual development of mentoring in nursing and highlights the need for further research on mentoring that focuses on conceptual clarification and theoretical discovery. Despite an abundance of published articles on mentoring, a paucity of research studies on nurse‐to‐nurse mentoring exists. Nursing literature abounds with descriptive terminology about mentoring rather than explanatory research. Descriptive terminology does little to develop the concept of mentoring, leaving one to ponder how to implement mentoring relationships in nursing. Published research has primarily focused on two broad categories: mentor characteristics and mentoring relationship outcomes. Although numerous scholars have asserted the need to clearly conceptualize mentoring, limited research focus has contributed to an ambiguous understanding of mentoring. Research that clarifies mentoring as a concept and provides a theoretical explanation of the mentoring relationship will fill a long‐standing gap in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper seeks to improve the understanding of the interaction between patients with stroke and the physical environment in their home settings. Stroke care is increasingly performed in the patient's home. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to identify the existing knowledge about facilitators and barriers in the physical environment of home settings for the stroke rehabilitation process. Based upon Arksey and O'Malley's framework, a Boolean search strategy was performed in the databases; CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science and Scopus. Fifteen articles were retained from the literature search conducted between August and November 2016, and two researchers independently assessed their quality based on the Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment guidelines. The results suggest that despite the healthcare system's ongoing shift towards home‐based rehabilitation, the role played by the physical environment of home settings is still considered a side finding. Moreover, the research appears to focus mainly on how this environment supports mobility and activities of daily living, whereas information regarding the psychosocial and emotional processes that mediate the interaction between stroke survivors and their home setting are missing. A lack of information was also found with regard to the influence of different geographic locations on the stroke rehabilitation process. Future investigations are therefore needed to advance the understanding of the role played by the physical environment of home settings in supporting stroke recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To conduct a scoping review to examine and map the interventions proposed for the improvement of the working conditions of nursing staff in acute care hospitals. Background: The Registered Nurse Forecasting (RN4CAST) project and other studies have determined the impact that the nursing staff has on the quality of care. The nursing staff's higher levels of burnout, job dissatisfaction and negative perception of the quality of care provided caused worse health outcomes. Methods: A scoping review was carried out. By searching in SCOPUS, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Dialnet and in the grey literature, 705 potentially relevant papers were identified. The final analysis included 21 papers and three grey documents. Results: The studies analysed proposed interventions at the macro‐management, meso‐management and micro‐management levels, although the interventions at the macro‐ and meso‐levels produce better staff outcomes. Conclusions: The findings of this review can be applied to management at different levels: measures to improve the patient–nurse ratio at the macro‐management level, the horizontal hierarchies at the meso‐management level, the mind–body techniques at the micro‐management level. Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse managers and leaders should implement interventions at different organisational levels to improve the working conditions of the nursing staff and other health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Problem: The aim of this concept analysis was to clarify failure to rescure as a nurse‐sensitive indicator. Although the concept of failure to rescue as a nurse‐sensitive outcome has appeared in the nursing literature for over a decade, conceptual clarity is needed to address its variable and ambiguous use in health care. Methods: Walker and Avant's eight‐stage method of concept analysis was used to explore the concept of failure to rescue in nursing practice. Twenty‐one papers were retrieved from Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and MEDLINE databases and selected for review and synthesis. Results: Failure to rescue as a nurse‐sensitive indicator was found to be a “failing to rescue” process characterized by a cascade of events, including four key attributes: (1) errors of omission in care, (2) failure to recognize changes in patient condition, (3) failure to communicate changes, and (4) failures in clinical decision making. Conclusions: Nurses have a pivotal role in “failing to rescue” through early recognition, escalation, and intervention of subtle changes signaling complications. Upstream strategies, such as the use of early warning sign indicators, structured communication, and teamwork, shift the discourse from failure to rescue, to processes in nursing practice of good catch events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this paper is to conduct a concept analysis on the term, "children with medical complexity." Background: Children with medical complexity (CMC) describes pediatric patients with chronic, sustained acuity; however, there is a lack of consensus in the literature regarding its exact meaning, characteristics, and implications. Design: This analysis relied upon the framework described by Walker and Avant. Data Source: The CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases were queried from April 2020 to December 2020 with an initial search of the literature for the keyword, "children with medical complexity" and other associated terms, such as "pediatric medical complexity" and "nursing care of children with medical complexity." Review Methods: This analysis will explore the concept of CMC and its significance, attributes, antecedents, and consequences. Results: This investigation revealed that CMC are a growing population of pediatric patients who have one or more complex chronic conditions that affect multiple body systems, experience functional limitations, require extensive care coordination from multiple providers, and are dependent upon life‐sustaining medical technology. Conclusions: The findings can serve as a foundation for future work advancing the understanding of the topic of CMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]