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In this article, we present and study a new coupled model combining the biological and the mechanical aspects describing respectively the process of the biogas production and the compressible two-phase leachate-biogas flow during the anaerobic biodegradation of organic maters in a landfill, considered as a reactive porous medium. The model obtained is governed by a reactiondiffusion system for the bacterial activity coupled with a compressible two-phase flow system of a non-homogeneous porous medium. We carry out the analysis and the numerical approximation of the model within a variational framework. We propose a full discrete system based on second order-BDF-time scheme and P1-conforming finite element and we derive an efficient algorithm for the coupled system. We perform some numerical simulations in 2D and 3D examples in agreement with the theoretical analysis.

International audience; Essential oil of a medicinal plant (Salvia officinalis), used as an eco-friendly inhibitor for the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl, is presented. The corrosion inhibition properties of Salvia officinalis essential oil were evaluated by gravimetric and electrochemical methods. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in inhibitor content to reach 82.84 at % 1.8 g/L. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed that the corrosion inhibition effect is linked to the adsorption of Salvia officinalis essential oil molecules on the steel surface. It was shown that the adsorption of the investigated inhibitor on the substrate surface obeyed to Temkin isotherm model.

We consider a coupled PDE-ODEs model that describes the bacterial dynamics of the anaerobic biodegradation of waste in a landfill taken as an unsatureted porous medium. We add a diffusion term in the ODEs part which gives a rise to a reaction-diffusion system coupled with porous media equations. This yields a new model of the biodegradation of the waste where the biological variables are varying in space and time. We perform the mathematical analysis of the resulting system and we consider a discretization based on BDF schemes and P1 conforming finite elements for the reaction-diffusion subsystem and a mixed finite elements RT0 /P0 for the Darcy flow. We carry out the numerical analysis and we obtain the expected a priori estimates. We perform several numerical 2D and 3D simulations which are in agreement with the theoretical results.

International audience; Pattern recognition and computer vision fields experienced the proposal of several architectures and approaches to deal with the demands of real world applications including face recognition. They have almost the same structure, based generally on a series of steps where the main ones are feature extraction and classification. The literature works interessted in face recognition problems, insist on the role of texture description as one of the key elements in face analysis, since it greatly affects recognition accuracy. Therefore, texture feature extraction has gained much attention and became a long-standing research topic thanks to its abilities to efficiently understand the face recognition process, especially in terms of face description. Recently, several literature researches in face application proposed new architectures based on pattern description proved by their discriminative power when extracting the feature information from facial images. These advantages combined with an outstanding performance in many classification applications, allowed the LBP-like descriptors to be one of the most prominent texture description method. Given this period of remarkable evolution, this research work includes a comprehensive analytical study of the face recognition performance of 64 LBP-like and 3 non-LBP texture descriptors recently proposed in the literature. To this end, we adopted a face recognition framework composed of four stages: 1) image pre-processing using gamma correction; 2) feature extraction using texture descriptors; 3) histogram calculation and 4) face recognition and classification based on the simple parameter-free Nearest Neighbors classifier (NN). The conducted comprehensive evaluations and experiments on the challenging and widely used benchmarks ORL, YALE, Extended YALE B and FERET databases presenting different challenges, indicate that a number of evaluated texture descriptors, which are tested for the first time on face recognition task, achieve better or competitive compared to several recent systems reported in face recognition literature.

Combined experimental (X-ray, IR and Raman) and theoretical (periodic DFT/PAW-PW91) studies have been performed for thorough understanding of the structure, hydrogen bonding and vibrational properties for three alkylenediammonium hexachlorostannates with the general formula: [NH3(CH2)nNH3]SnCl6 (n = 3, 4, 5). X-ray diffraction analysis indicated two structural systems: orthorhombic when n is odd (n = 3, 5), with space group Pnma (Z = 4) for [NH3(CH2)3NH3]SnCl6 and Pbca (Z = 8) for [NH3(CH2)5NH3]SnCl6 and monoclinic when n is even with space group C2/m (Z = 2) for [NH3(CH2)4NH3]SnCl6. The V/Z ratio variation (cell volume/number of motif per cell) as a function of the CH2 groups' number (n = 2–5) in H3N(CH2)nNH3SnCl6 compounds were discussed. Periodic DFT modeling was applied to specify: 1) the (C )C(-C) atom (observed experimentally in two general positions with an occupation of 50%), and 2) the hydrogen atoms in [NH3(CH2)3NH3]SnCl6 and [NH3(CH2)4NH3]SnCl6. The measured Infrared and Raman spectra of all the three compounds were interpreted by vibrational frequency calculations of solid state models and factor-group analysis. The C N bond lengths as well as the υ(CN) and υ1(υsSn-Cl) stretching modes were used for estimation of the relative hydrogen bonding strength in the studied series of alkylenediammonium hexachlorostannate. The strongest hydrogen bonding and packing effect were predicted for [NH3(CH2)3NH3]SnCl6 and they become weaker with increase of the CH2 group number (n).

Alkylammoniumhalogenometallate and the alkylenediammoniumhalogenometallates salts groups revealed dielectric, ferroelectric, ferroelastic, phase transition and non-linear optical. Up to now, little attention has held to the compounds of the type [NH3(CH2)nNH3]MCl6. Single crystals of Pentylenediammoniumhexachlorostannate(IV) was obtained by slow evaporation, at room temperature. The crystal structure of [H3N-(CH2)5-NH3]SnCl6, was determined by X-ray diffraction. This compoundcrystallizesin the orthorhombic system [space group : Pbca ; Z = 8 ; a = 11.747 (4) A ; b = 11.949 (5) A ; c = 21.164 (6) A and V = 2970.7 (18) A3]. The structure consists of isolated [H3N-(CH2)5-NH3]2+ cation and (SnCl6)2- anion. The SnCl62- anions are slightly distorted octahedronand possess no local symmetry. The shortest N...Cl distances indicate that an extensive hydrogen-bonding network connects the ions.

Références Bibliographiques : 1.BORNERT G. et all., Méthode d'enquête vétérinaire lors de toxi- infections alimentaires collectives dans les armées : bilan de 28 foyers déclarés entre 1999 et 2000. Médecine et Armées 2002; 30(7):575-80.2.POLVECHE Y., L'hygiène en restauration collective militaire, réalité, contre-vérités et non-dits. Actu Santé 2000; 57:14-7.3.MORILLON M. et all., Dépistage des porteurs de salmonella spp. parmi le personnel de la restauration. Etude économique et bibliographique. Médecine et Armées 2007;35(2):141-6.; Une des caractéristiques essentielles de notre région est sans doute, les particularités sociodémographiques qui révèlent une population rurale en majorité avec un taux d’alphabétisation. Pour vérifier de telles hypothèses. Nous avons procédé à l’analyse des enquêtes effectuées suite à la déclaration de ces foyers. Les dossiers consultés relatifs comportaient des données portant sur le nombre et les caractéristiques des personnes touchées, la gravité des cas (hospitalisation, décès), l’aliment incriminé, le germe en cause et les facteurs qui auraient pu favoriser leur survenue.Au total, 69 foyers ont été notifiés du 1er Mai 2001 au 31 Aout 2012 dans la région du Gharb Chrarda Bni-Hssen ayant fait état de 451 malades. 72,7 % ont été déclarés par les services d’urgence. L’évolution annuelle du nombre de toxi-infections alimentaires collectives déclarées a été marquée par une fluctuation annuelle du nombre de foyers entre 3 et 9 foyers. Les fruits et légumes viennent en tête des aliments contaminants. L’utilisation de matières premières contaminées a été à l’origine de 30,9 %. Les germes en cause ainsi identifiés se limitent à Clostridium perfringens et Staphylococcus aureus. Ce dernier a été isolé dans 42 foyers, alors que Clostridium perfringens a été isolée dans 27 foyers.

International audience; Thermal energy storage (TES) with phase change materials (PCM) can improve energy efficiency by reducing energy availability and demand mismatch. However, despite the potential of this technology, the low thermal conductivity of PCM slows down the storage cycle and limits its commercialisation. The literature has proposed many solutions to improve heat transfer, such as fins, encapsulation, or metal foam inserts, which are too expensive and complicated. This study focuses on an inexpensive and practical solution, the eccentricity of shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE). Eccentricity's impact has been well established, but its effects on multi-tube cases have not yet been examined. This study investigates the eccentricities of four horizontal STHE with 1, 2, 3, and 4 tubes. The paper presents the ideal combinations of tube number and eccentricity for maximising TES efficiency and explores the underlying heat transfer and fluid mechanics phenomena. The enthalpy double porosities model accurately predicts the PCM melting and solidifying characteristics with varied eccentricities. Results reveal that the eccentric charge performance is better than the concentric tube(s) arrangement. The optimal eccentricity of the charging cycle depends on the tube number. The optimal eccentricities of the single and multi-tube systems are 6 and 10. The total melting time of optimal eccentricity for the four-tube, three-tube, two-tube, and single-tube is optimised by 63 %, 63 %, 60 % and 54 % compared to the concentric cases, respectively. The optimal eccentricity of the single-tube case has the shortest melting time, which increases linearly with the Rayleigh number. The concentric cases consistently exhibit the best performance and shortest solidification time as the Rayleigh number increases. The total solidification time of the single-tube case is reduced by 56 %, 52 % and 49 % compared to the four-tube, three-tube and two-tube, respectively. The multiphysical mechanisms of the charge and discharge cycles are discussed.

International audience; ZnO thin films were deposited on either indium tin oxide-coated glass by the electrodeposition process, using zinc chloride as precursor and continuous flowing air as precursors. The effect of concentration variation on the structural and morphological of ZnO films was studied and the optimum deposition conditions have been outlined. The kinetics of the growth of the films have been also investigated. The structure of the films was studied using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The surface morphology and thickness of the films were determined using scanning electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the films are crystalline with hexagonal crystal structure (wurtzaite). The optical transmittance of ZnO decreases with the film thickness. The optical energy bandgap is around 3.29 eV. © 2015 IEEE.

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International audience; غالباً ما تركِّز الدراسات المتعلّقة بإدارة الدولة للمخالَفات على معاملتها التفاضلية وفقاً للفئات الاجتماعية المعنية. وبذلك فهذه الدراسات أقل اهتماماً بتوازن القوى والمفاوضات والتسويات الداخلية للدولة والتي تصوغ تنظيم الممارسات غير المشروعة. تعكس هذه المقالة الإدارة التفاضلية للمخالفات، وبالتالي تركِّز، في حالة المغرب، على إدارتها التعددية لكونها تنبثق من التفاعلات بين مجموعة متنوعة من المنظمات العامة التي تُعنَى بنفس مجموعة الممارسات غير القانونية والتي تدعم مواقف مختلفة إزاءها. تقوم هذه المقالة بذلك من خلال دراسة استخدام مياه الصرف الصحي غير المعالجة، وبالتالي شديدة التلوُّث، في زراعة الخُضار في قلب مدينة مكناس.تشمل إدارةُ هذه الاستخدامات غير المشروعة للمياه في المقام الأول وكلاءَ وزارة الداخلية المحليين (المقدّمين) بالإضافة إلى تسلسلهم الهرمي (القادة، المديرية العامة للشؤون الداخلية في الرباط). لكنها تحشد أيضاً لاعبِينَ عامِّينَ آخرين، مثل الإدارة المستقلة لتوزيع المياه والكهرباء في مكناس (RADEM) ووكالة الحوض المائي لِـسِـبـو (ABHS) التي تمنح تصاريح استخدام المياه وبلدية مكناس. فكيف تتفاعل كل هذه المنظمات في إدارة تلك المخالفات، وما هي النتائج؟تكشف الدراسة أن إدارة المخالفات مليئة بالتوترات والتناقضات بين هذه القطاعات المختلفة من الدولة. وتؤدي هذه التوترات إلى تسويات غير ثابتة وتأرجُحات متكررة بين التساهل والتفاوضات والإكراه. وهكذا، يَظهَر المقدّمون مَيَّالين من ناحية بُنيوية إلى التساهل بسبب عاملين رئيسيين هما : مواجهتهم المباشرة واليومية مع إمكانيات المقاومة الجماعية للمستخدِمين، مما يثنيهم عن القمع الشديد؛ ومحاكاتهم لوضعية الخاضع لهؤلاء المستخدِمين، مما يجعلهم حساسين للاقتصاد الأخلاقي للمعيشة الذي يحرّك المزارعين.لكن موقف التساهل هذا يزيد من حدة التوترات مع الجهات الفاعلة العامة الأخرى. وهذه هي حالة الإدارة المستقلة لتوزيع المياه والكهرباء في مكناس (RADEM) بشكل خاص، حيث يتم إيقاف جزء من مياه الصرف الصحي قبل الوصول إلى محطة المعالجة، مما يهدد عملها بشكل صحيح. حيث يندم مسؤولوها على التسامح الذي يُظهِرُهالمقدّمون، وفي نفس الوقت ينتقدون تقاعس وكالة الحوض المائي لِـسِـبـو (ABHS) المفوَّضة قانونياً بالتحقق، بالتعاون مع وزارة الداخلية، مِن شرعية اقتطاع المياه. كما تسعى بلدية مكناس إلى وقف هذه الممارسات التي تتعارض مع استراتيجيتها في إنشاء منطقة خضراء وترفيهية في هذا الفضاء الحضري المركزي. هذه الضغوط المتنوعة تُجبِر المقدَّمين على إقامة تسويات متغيرة وغامضة مع المزارعين تتميز بشكل خاص بالبحث عن إخفاء المخالفات في الفضاء العام.وهكذا، وخلافًا لما تميل الأدبيات المتعلقة بتساهل الدولة في أغلب الأحيان إلى إظهاره فإن تنظيم الممارسات غير المشروعة لا يضمن بأي حال من الأحوال تبادلاً سياسياً مُرضِياً بالحد الأدنى بين الرؤساء والمرؤوسين. لا بل تكثُر حالاتُ الإحباط في كلا الجانبين. ويرغب العديد من الفاعلين الإداريين فِعلاً بفرض عقوبات أكثر حَزماً؛ بينما يتعرَّض المقدّمون باستمرار لضغوط متناقضة بين مطالب الإكراه وقدرات المقاومة للمزارعين والاعتراف بحقهم في العيش.أما بالنسبة للمزارعين فإن استمرار ممارساتهم غير المشروعة لا يفتح أمامهم آفاق تنمية حقيقية، بل يشهد بالأحرى على حالة من المأزِق وغياب البديل. وكما هو الحال في أي مكان آخر، يُعتبَر الوضع غير النظامي شكلاً من أشكال « المواطنة المتدهورة » : فهو يشكّل ترتيباً معقداً وهشّاً ومعدَّلاً باستمرار للشرعية وعدم الشرعية.وهكذا فإن توسيع نطاق التحليل ليشمل جميع الجهات الحكومية المشاركة في إدارة المخالفات يُتيح عدم التسرُّع في الافتراض المسبق لوظيفة هذه الإدارة في إعادة إنتاج النظام الاجتماعي. إن التنظيمالمتعدِّد والمتناقض غالباً للمخالفات لا يولِّد بالضرورة الامتنان والولاء السياسي للجماهير المَعنية. بل يكشف عن هشاشة التسويات وعدم استقرارها بين الدولة ورعاياها من السكان وعن الإحباطات التي تولّدها هذه التسويات.; Foucaldian studies on the management of popular illegalisms tend to focus on their differential treatment by the State according to the social groups concerned. In doing so, they have been less interested in the everyday power relations, negotiations and compromises within the state that shape the regulation of illegal practices. In the case of Morocco, this article thus looks at the plural management of illegalisms-rather than their differential one-as it emerges from the interactions between a variety of public agencies concerned with the same set of extra-legal practices, and which have different positions regarding them. It does so by studying the use of untreated, and therefore highly contaminated, wastewater for small-scale market gardening in the heart of the city of Meknes.The management of these illicit water uses primarily involves local agents of the Ministry of the Interior (the moqqadems) as well as their hierarchy (qaids, General Directorate of Local Authorities in Rabat). But it also includes other public agencies, such as the water company (RADEM), the Sebou river basin agency (ABHS) which issues water use permits, and the city of Meknes. How, then, do all these organizations interact in the management of these illegalities, and with what effects ?The fieldwork reveals that the management of illegalisms is fraught with tensions and contradictions between different segments of the state. These tensions lead to unstable compromises and frequent shifts between forbearance, negotiation and coercion. Thus, the moqqadems are structurally inclined to forbearance because of two main factors : their daily confrontation with users' capacities of resistance, which dissuades them from repressing too harshly; and their homology of subaltern position with the latter, which makes them sensitive to the moral economy of subsistence that animates the farmers.However, this posture of indulgence only heightens tensions with other State actors. This is particularly the case with the water company, RADEM, which sees some of its wastewater being intercepted before reaching the treatment plant, which threatens its proper functioning. RADEM officials lament the tolerance shown by the moqqadems, while also criticizing the inaction of the ABHS despite its legal mandate to verify, in collaboration with the Ministry of the Interior, the legality of water withdrawals. The municipality of Meknes is also trying to put an end to farming practices, which run counter to its strategy of setting up a "green" and recreational space in the area. These various pressures lead the moqqadems to forge shifting and uncertain compromises with the farmers, marked in particular by an attempt to invisibilize their practices in the public space. Thus, and contrary to what the literature on state indulgences generally demonstrates, the regulation of illicit practices in no way guarantees a minimally satisfactory political exchange between the rulers and the ruled. Rather, frustrations abound on both sides. Many State actors would like to see much stronger sanctions, while the moqqadems are constantly exposed to contradictory pressures, including calls for coercion, farmers' capacity to resist and adapt, and the recognition of their moral right to subsistence.As for the farmers, the perpetuation of their illicit practices does not open up any prospect of genuine development, but rather epitomizes a situation of deadlock and lack of alternative. As elsewhere, the illegal condition is experienced as a form of "degraded citizenship" : it constitutes a complex, precarious and constantly shifting combination of legality and illegality. Broadening the analysis so as to include all state actors involved in the management of illegality thus makes it possible not to presume the functionality of this management for the reproduction of the social order. The plural and often contradictory regulation of illegalisms does not necessarily nurture the gratitude and political loyalty of the public concerned. It reveals as much the precarity and instability of the compromises between the state and its subaltern populations, and the frustrations that these compromises engender.; Les travaux sur la gestion des illégalismes par l’État se focalisent le plus souvent sur leur traitement différentiel selon les groupes sociaux concernés. Ce faisant, ils s’intéressent moins aux rapports de force, négociations et compromis internes à l’État qui façonnent la régulation des pratiques illicites. En miroir de la gestion différentielle des illégalismes, cet article se penche ainsi, dans le cas du Maroc, sur leur gestion plurielle, telle qu’elle émerge des interactions entre une diversité d’organisations publiques concernées par un même ensemble de pratiques extra-légales, et qui nourrissent des positionnements différents à leur égard. Il le fait en étudiant l’utilisation d’eaux usées non traitées, donc fortement contaminées, pour une petite agriculture maraîchère au cœur de la ville de Meknès.La gestion de ces usages d’eau illicites implique en premier lieu les agents locaux du ministère de l’Intérieur (les moqqadems) ainsi que leur hiérarchie (caïds, Direction générale des affaires intérieures à Rabat). Mais elle mobilise également d’autres acteurs publics, à l’image de la Régie autonome de distribution de l’eau et d’électricité de Meknès (RADEM), de l’Agence de bassin hydraulique du Sebou (ABHS) qui délivre les autorisations d’usage de l’eau, et de la commune de Meknès. Comment toutes ces organisations interagissent-elles donc dans la gestion de ces illégalismes, et avec quels effets ?L’enquête révèle que la gestion des illégalismes est parcourue de tensions et de contradictions entre ces différents segments de l’État. Ces tensions engendrent des compromis instables et de fréquents basculements entre indulgence, négociations et coercition. Ainsi, les moqqadems se montrent structurellement portés à l’indulgence en raison de deux facteurs principaux : leur confrontation directe et quotidienne avec les capacités de résistance collective des usagers, qui les dissuade de réprimer trop fortement ; et leur homologie de position subalterne avec ces derniers, qui les rend sensible à l’économie morale de la subsistance qui anime les agriculteurs.Mais cette posture d’indulgence avive les tensions avec d’autres acteurs publics. C’est notamment le cas de la RADEM, qui voit une partie des eaux usées être interceptées avant de parvenir à sa station de traitement, ce qui en menace le bon fonctionnement. Ses responsables regrettent la tolérance dont font preuve les moqqadems, en même temps qu’ils critiquent l’inaction de l’ABHS qui a pour mandat légal de vérifier, en collaboration avec le ministère de l’Intérieur, la légalité des prélèvements en eau. La commune de Meknès cherche également à interrompre ces pratiques qui vont à l’encontre de sa stratégie de mise en place d’une zone paysagère et récréative dans cet espace urbain central. Ces diverses pressions conduisent les moqqadems à façonner des compromis changeants et incertains avec les agriculteurs, marqués en particulier par une recherche d’invisibilisation des illégalismes dans l’espace public.Ainsi, et contrairement à ce que la littérature sur les indulgences de l’État tend le plus souvent à montrer, la régulation des pratiques illicites ne garantit nullement un échange politique minimalement satisfaisant entre gouvernants et gouvernés. Les frustrations abondent plutôt de part et d’autre. Nombres d’acteurs administratifs souhaiteraient en effet des sanctions bien plus fermes ; tandis que les moqqadems sont sans cesse exposés à des pressions contradictoires, entre demandes de coercition, capacités de résistance des agriculteurs et reconnaissance de leur droit à la subsistance.Quant aux agriculteurs, la perpétuation de leurs pratiques illicites ne leur ouvre pas la perspective d’un véritable développement, mais témoigne plutôt d’une situation d’impasse et d’absence d’alternative. Comme ailleurs, la situation irrégulière est vécue comme une forme de « citoyenneté dégradée » : elle constitue un agencement complexe, précaire et sans cesse modifié de légalité et d’illégalité.L’élargissement de l’analyse à l’ensemble des intervenants étatiques impliqués dans la gestion des illégalismes permet ainsi de ne pas présupposer trop hâtivement la fonctionnalité de cette gestion pour la reproduction de l’ordre social. La régulation plurielle et souvent contradictoire des illégalismes n’engendre pas nécessairement la gratitude et la loyauté politique des publics concernés. Elle révèle tout autant la fragilité et l’instabilité des compromis entre l’État et ses populations subalternes, et les frustrations que ces compromis engendrent.

The stochastic collocation method based on the anisotropic sparse grid has become a significant tool to solve partial differential equations with stochastic inputs. The aim is to seek a vector weight and a convenient level for the method. The classical approach uses a posteriori approach on the solution, yielding to an additional prohibitive cost with a large stochastic dimension. In this work, we discuss an adaptive approach of this method to calculate the statistics of the solution. It is based on an adaptive approximation of the inverse diffusion parameter. We construct an efficient error indicator which is an upper bound of the error on the solution. In the case of unbounded variables, we use an appropriate error estimation to compute suitable weights of the method. Numerical examples are presented to confirm the efficiency of the approach and showing that the cost is considerably reduced without loss of accuracy.

In this work, we present a numerical analysis of a probabilistic approach to quantify the migration of a contaminant, under the presence of uncertainty on the permeability of the porous medium. More precisely, we consider the flow problem in a random porous medium coupled with the advection-diffusion equation and we are interested in the approximation of the mean spread and the mean dispersion of the solute. The conductivity field is represented by a Karhunen-Loéve (K-L) decomposition of its logarithm. The flow model is solved using a mixed finite element method in the physical space. The advection-diffusion equation is computed thanks to a probabilistic particular method, where the concentration of the solute is the density function of a stochastic process. This process is solution of a stochastic differential equation (SDE), which is discretized using an Euler scheme. Then, the mean of the spread and of the dispersion are expressed as functions of the approximate stochastic process. A priori error estimates are established on the mean of the spread and of the dispersion. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of the approach.

International audience; The heterocyclic system, namely 4-phenyl-decahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one (POBZ) was inspected as a corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel (CS) in a 1 M HCl medium through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization measurements (PDP), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental data indicate that the inhibiting action augments with augmenting POBZ amount and reduces with augmenting temperature. The inhibiting action efficiency of 90.98% is obtained with 0.001 M at 303 K. The potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) results mentioned that the POBZ is of mixed type. The adsorption of POBZ on the CS followed Langmuir isotherm. SEM exams affirmed that the steel surface is smooth in presence of POBZ. In light of the calculations of density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulation, the mechanism of POBZ inhibitory activity was addressed.

International audience; In the present work, two new 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives namely, 5-(((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)methyl) 8-hydroxyquinoline [HBMQ] and 5-(((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)methyl) 8-hydroxyquinoline [CBMQ] were synthesized and investigated as corrosion inhibitors against the dissolution of carbon steel (C38 steel) in 1 M HCl. These compounds were obtained with high yield, and their structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and elemental analysis. Gravimetric, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and surface morphology analyses utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to quantify inhibitory performance. The adsorption process of inhibitory compounds was then demonstrated using quantum mechanics approaches such as Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamic Simulation (MD). Based on EIS results, the investigated derivatives effectively inhibit the degradation of C38 steel over the entire concentration range with a maximum efficiency of 91.9% and 88.0% for [CBMQ] and [HBMQ], respectively, at 10−3 M. In addition, the PDP studies revealed that [HBMQ] and [CBMQ] compounds acted according to a mixed-type mechanism. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism follows the Langmuir isotherm model. The quantum theoretical study by DFT and MD simulation confirmed the experimental results.

This work presents a development and an analysis of an effective deterministic and probabilistic approaches for partial differential equation with random coefficients and data. We are interesting in the steady flow equation with stochastic input data. A projection method in the one-dimensional case is presented to compute efficiently the average of the solution. An anisotropic sparse grid collocation method is also used to solve the flow problem. First, we introduce an indicator of the error satisfying an upper bound of the error, it allows us to compute the anisotropy weights of the method. We demonstrate an improvement of the error estimation of the method which confirms the efficiency of the method compared with Monte Carlo and will be used to accelerate this method by the Richardson extrapolation technique. We also present a numerical analysis of one probabilistic method to quantify the migration of a contaminant in random media. We consider the previous flow problem coupled with the advection-diffusion equation, where we are interested in the computation of the mean extension and the mean dispersion of the solute. The flow model is discretized by a mixed finite elements method and the concentration of the solute is the density of the solution of the stochastic differential equation, this latter will be discretized by an Euler scheme. We also present an explicit formula of the dispersion and optimal a priori error estimates.; Ce travail présente un développement et une analyse des approches numériques déterministes et probabilistes efficaces pour les équations aux dérivées partielles avec des coefficients et données aléatoires. On s'intéresse au problème d'écoulement stationnaire avec des données aléatoires. Une méthode de projection dans le cas unidimensionnel est présentée, permettant de calculer efficacement la moyenne de la solution. Nous utilisons la méthode de collocation anisotrope des grilles clairsemées. D'abord, un indicateur de l'erreur satisfaisant une borne supérieure de l'erreur est introduit, il permet de calculer les poids d'anisotropie de la méthode. Ensuite, nous démontrons une amélioration de l'erreur a priori de la méthode. Elle confirme l'efficacité de la méthode en comparaison avec celle de Monte Carlo et elle sera utilisée pour accélérer la méthode par l'extrapolation de Richardson. Nous présentons aussi une analyse numérique d'une méthode probabiliste pour quantifier la migration d'un contaminant dans un milieu aléatoire. Nous considérons le problème d'écoulement couplé avec l'équation d'advection-diffusion, où on s'intéresse à la moyenne de l'extension et de la dispersion du soluté. Le modèle d'écoulement est discrétisé par une méthode des éléments finis mixtes, la concentration du soluté est une densité d'une solution d'une équation différentielle stochastique, qui sera discrétisée par un schéma d'Euler. Enfin, nous présentons une formule explicite de la dispersion et des estimations de l'erreur a priori optimales.

International audience

International audience; no abstract

[NH3(CH2)6NH3]BiCl5 crystal has been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, DSC and vibrational spectroscopy techniques. The X-ray powder study showed that the crystal exhibits two phase transitions near 286 K and 326 K as it was indicated by crystallography analysis: α(P212121, Z = 4 at 223 K) ↔ β(P21/n, Z = 8 at 308 K) ↔ γ(Pnma, Z = 4 at 373 K). The DSC analysis (on heating and cooling) confirm the existence of these phase transitions at 291/286 K and 326/325 K and indicate that α ↔ β phase transition is of first-order character, but β ↔ γ one is of weak first-order type. Infrared and Raman spectra which interpreted at room temperature indicated that the [NH3(CH2)6NH3]BiCl5 structure was consisted of isolated ( BiCl 5 2 - ) n units composed of distorted BiCl 6 3 - octahedra. Raman spectroscopy at various temperatures showed that both anionic and cationic motions contribute to the complex transition mechanisms. The character order–disorder of β ↔ γ phase transition is undoubtedly related to the change in dynamical state of + NH 3 ( CH 2 ) 6 NH 3 + cations which are performing some kind of reorientational or rotational motions above 298 K.

Physical properties and structure were investigated for xCdO-(50-x/2)V2O5-(50-x/2)P2O5 (0=x=50) glasses. Substitution of CdO for V2O5 and P2O5 in the binary 50V2O5-50P2O5 glass increases the density and decreases the molar volume. The glass transition temperature first decreases linearly until x=40 mol% and then increases slightly. For 0=x=40 mol% the IR and Raman results show that Cd2+ attack V=O and P-O-P bonds, suggesting that CdO acts as a network modifier, in accordance with the decrease of Tg. For x>40, Cd2+ ions strengthens the glass, therefore, Tg increased, indicating that CdO acts as a network former.

aeres : ACL; International audience; This paper presents a useful dynamic model dealing with the management of a marine renewable resource, in which the fish stock consists of two geographical subpopulations (one inshore, one offshore) with diffusion between the two. The analytical study focuses on the compatibility between the state constraints and the controlled dynamics. Using the mathematical concept of viability kernel, we define a set of constraints combining the guarantee of consumption and a stock of resources to be preserved at all times.

International audience; In this Note, we present an efficient method to approximate the expectation of the response of a one-dimensional elliptic problem with stochastic inputs. In conventional methods, the computational effort and cost of the approximation of the response can be dramatic. Our method presented here is based on the Karhunen-Loève (K-L) expansion of the inverse of the diffusion parameter, allowing us to build a base of random variables in reduced numbers, from which we construct a projected solution. We show that the expectation of this projected solution is a good approximation, and give an a priori error estimate. A numerical example is presented to show the efficiency of this approach.; On présente dans cette Note une méthode efficace pour calculer une approximation de lʼespérance de la réponse dʼun problème elliptique unidimensionnel avec des entrées stochastiques. Dans les méthodes classiques, lʼeffort de calcul et le coût de lʼapproximation de la réponse, peuvent être exorbitants. La méthode présentée ici est basée sur la décomposition de Karhunen-Loève (K-L) de lʼinverse du paramètre de diffusion nous permettant de construire une base de variables aléatoires en nombre réduit et de calculer un projeté de la solution. Nous montrons que lʼespérance de ce projeté est une bonne approximation de celle de la réponse de notre problème, et on donne une estimation a priori de lʼerreur. Un exemple numérique est présenté pour montrer lʼefficacité de cette approche.

International audience; In the industrial sector, a large amount of energy is released at low temperatures, between 0 and 200 °C. To improve the overall energy efficiency of these processes, it is possible to recover this waste heat. The technology of thermal energy storage by Phase Change Materials (PCM) has appeared as one of the most economically viable methods for recovering waste heat. The PCM presents both a significant storage density and the possibility of energy restitution at a stable temperature. However, the low thermal conductivity of PCMs, specifically paraffins, limits its large-scale application. In this context, this study investigates the effect of the fins on the PCM regenerator behaviour. For that, a parametric study of the fins' number, length, thickness, and position is conducted. The volume occupied by the PCM was constant to keep the same energy density. The PCM's melting and solidification processes in a horizontal coaxial heat exchanger were numerically investigated using ANSYS Fluent commercial software. Paraffin wax with a melting point of 55 °C was used as PCM. The numerical study shows that the addition of longitudinal fins improves the apparent conductivity considerably and consequently reduces the melting time by up to 61%. The optimal configuration found in this study: fin number N = 4, dimensionless thickness = 0.1, dimensionless height = 0.9, and unevenly distributed fins. This configuration achieves a shorter time in completing the charging/discharging cycle of the PCM and allows a time saving of 21%.

L’ensemble ℱ(2; 2) des feuilletages de degre deux du plan projectif complexe s’identifie a un ouvert de Zariski dans un espace projectif de dimension 14 sur lequel agit le groupe Aut(ℙ2(ℂ)). Nous classifions, a automorphisme de ℙ2(ℂ) pres, les feuilletages de degre deux ayant une unique singularite. a automorphisme pres il y a 4 feuilletages ayant cette propriete; alors que trois ont une dynamique que l’on peut decrire facilement, celle du quatrieme reste mysterieuse. Cette classification intervient dans la description de l’action de Aut(ℙ2(ℂ)) sur ℱ(2; 2). Nous montrons d’une part que la dimension des orbites est superieure ou egale a 6 et qu’il y a exactement deux orbites de dimension 6 dont l’une correspond a un feuilletage ne presentant qu’un seul point singulier; d’autre part nous obtenons que l’adherence de l’orbite d’un element generique de ℱ(2; 2) contient au moins sept orbites de dimension 7 et une seule orbite de dimension 6.

The set $\mathscr{F}(2;2)$ of quadratic foliations on the complex projective plane can be identified with a \textsc{Zariski}'s open set of a projective space of dimension 14 on which acts $\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{P}^2(\mathbb{C})).$ We classify, up to automorphisms of $\mathbb{P}^2(\mathbb{C}),$ quadratic foliations with only one singularity. There are only four such foliations up to conjugacy; whereas three of them have a dynamic which can be easily described the dynamic of the fourth is still mysterious. This classification also allows us to describe the action of $\mathrm{Aut}(\mathbb{P}^2(\mathbb{C}))$ on $\mathscr{F}(2;2).$ On the one hand we show that the dimension of the orbits is more than 6 and that there are exactly two orbits of dimension $6;$ on the other hand we obtain that the closure of the generic orbit in $\mathscr{F} (2;2)$ contains at least seven orbits of dimension~7 and exactly one orbit of dimension $6.$, Comment: 26 pages, 14 figures, in french; for figures with higher resolution see http://people.math.jussieu.fr/~deserti/publications

International audience; The synthesis process of oxygenated carbonated apatite was optimized by an advanced statistical planning of experiments. Full factorial design of 24 experiments was used to find the effects of five principal parameters: pH of the reaction medium, atomic ratio Ca/P of the reagents, concentration of the calcium solution (Ca2+), temperature of the reaction medium (T) and duration of the reaction (D), with fixing the H2O2 composition at 30% and stirring to 600 turns/min. Studied responses were the atomic ratio Ca/P, % O2, % O2 2− and % CO3 2−. Optimum synthesis parameters were found to be pH = 7.38, Ca/P = 1.647, [Ca2+] = 0.636 M, T = 40°C and D = 1 h. The prediction responses were Ca/P = 1.575, % O2 = 0.76, % O2 2− = 0.50 and % CO3 2−= 1.84. The actual experimental results were in agreement with the prediction.

As a first draft of a model for a river flowing on a homogeneous porous ground, we consider a system where the Darcy and Stokes equations are coupled via appropriate matching conditions on the interface. We propose a discretization of this problem which combines the mortar method with standard finite elements, in order to handle separately the flow inside and outside the porous medium. We prove a priori and a posteriori error estimates for the resulting discrete problem. Some numerical experiments confirm the interest of the discretization. EU Marie Curie Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia

We characterize the $L^p$-range, $1 < p < +\infty$, of the Poisson transform on the Shilov boundary for non-tube bounded symmetric domains. We prove that this range is a Hua-Hardy type space for harmonic functions satisfying a Hua system.

6 pages; International audience; The microwave properties of particulate polymer composites are of great practical importance. It is know that the dielectric response can be varied over a wide range by an appropriate choice of the shape, size and the connectivity of the constituents in the polymeric matrix. In this study, we will explore, at microwe frequencies, the effect of the strong anisometry (length to diameter ratio) of the multi-wall carbon nanotube MWNT when they are dispersed in an epoxy matrix. The experimental data are examined as function of the nanotube content, the temperature and the presence or not of a non-ionic surfactant (Tergitol NP7) The main results imply attractive interactions between the carbon nanotubes inducing the formation of the agglomerates that are observed by atomic force microscopy AFM, even in the presence of surfactant.

Early access; International audience; The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and compost (C) is a biological approach to boost growth of plants. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of AMF, PGPR and compost on growth, physiology and biochemical traits of date palm in the absence and the presence of microorganisms in soil. Date palm seedlings were transplanted in sterile (SS) and non-sterile soils (NSS) in the presence and absence of the biostimulants/biofertilizers. After 6 months, the application of AMF combined with compost (AMF + C) revealed significant increments in shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW), stomatal conductance and chlorophyll a by 122, 114, 95 and 119%, respectively in SS. Moreover, PGPR treatment significantly improved the SDW by 482%, while AMF + C + PGPR treatment significantly increased the RDW, chlorophyll b and carotenoids concentration by 864, 211 and 145%, respectively in NSS compared to the control. In addition, the sugar and protein concentrations were significantly enhanced in plants treated with AMF + C + PGPR for SS and NSS, respectively compared to their respective controls. It was revealed that the organic matter, available phosphorus and glomalin were enhanced in soils amended with compost alone and/or combined with AMF and/or PGPR under SS and NSS. This study revealed the positive synergy of the tested native biostimulants with in NSS compared to SS in improving the growth, physiology and biochemical traits of date palm as well as soil fertility.

Phenylammonium hexafluorosilicate, [C6H5NH3]2SiF6, crystallizes at room temperature in the orthorhombic system with probable space group Pmmm. Two structural phase transitions were detected at 226 and 280 K by means of differential scanning calorimetry and basic thermodynamic data were determined for these transitions. The internal vibrational modes of [C6H5NH3]2SiF6 were studied at room temperature and through the phase transitions by using Raman spectroscopy. These studies indicate that the vibrational state of the phenyl cations is weakly changed during these two phase transitions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The X-ray powder diffraction pattern of [(CH(3))(3)NH](2)SiF(6) was obtained and indexed on the basis of a centred cubic unit cell with the P4(1)32 as the likely space group. The Infrared and Raman spectra of this compound have been recorded at room temperature and discussed in relation to the crystal structure. In this salt, the bands corresponding to the cation vibrational modes show that the symmetry of these cations is distorted from the free C(3v) one and that they are strongly hydrogen-bonded to the respective anions. However, the spectra of the anions can be interpreted in term of ordered groups as indicated by the splitting of the bands corresponding to some degenerate vibrational modes. The harmonic frequencies, corresponding to the (CH(3))(3)NH-SiF(6)-NH(CH(3))(3) optimised geometry, were calculated using the SCF semi-empirical MNDO-PM3 method.

Phenylammonium hexafluorosilicate ([C6H5NH3]2SiF6) single-crystal compound was synthesized by us; and it crystallized in orthorhombic system with Pmmm (Z=2) as space group. The vibrational spectra of this compound were recorded and discussed. Strong hydrogen bonding in this compound is indicated by overtone and combination modes possessing appreciable intensities. The results are compared to semi-empirical PM3 and B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Full thermodynamic properties and geometries are also located and characterized.

International audience

It is about discovering how a literary work can contain a breath of commitment emanating from its author. Through a small comparative study, we will examine this deal through the Congolese French-speaking novel of the 19th century. Sony Labou Tansi and Henri Lopes are two contemporary novelists who promise to solve this enigma. that said, such an experience will confirm how literary engagement can lead to human development., Il s'agit de découvrir comment une œuvre littéraire romanesque peut contenir un souffle d'engagement émanant de son auteur. Ä travers une petite étude comparative, nous allons examiner cette donne via le roman francophone congolais du 19 e siècle. Sony Labou Tansi et Henri Lopes sont deux romanciers contemporains qui promettent de résoudre cet énigme. ceci dit, une telle expérience confirmera comment l'engagement littéraire peut conduire au développement humain.

International audience; This paper presents a method for the automatic labeling of vascular bifurcations along the Circle of Willis (CoW) in 3D images. Our automatic labeling process uses machine learning as well as dimensionality reduction algorithms to map selected bifurcation features to a lower dimensional space and thereafter classify them. Unlike similar studies in the literature, our main goal here is to avoid a classical registration step commonly applied before resorting to classification. In our approach, we aim to collect various geometric features of the bifurcations of interest, and thanks to dimensionality reduction, to discard the irrelevant ones before using classifiers.In this paper, we apply the proposed method to 50 human brain vascular trees imaged via Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA). The constructed classifiers were evaluated using the Leave One Out Cross-Validation approach (LOOCV). The experimental results showed that the proposed method could assign correct labels to bifurcations at 96.8% with the Naive Bayes classifier. We also confirmed its functionality by presenting automatic bifurcation labels on independent images.

International audience; When studying large multiparametric databases with very heterogeneous parameters (microbiological, chemical, and physicochemical), covering a wide and heterogeneous area, the probability of observing extreme values (Z-score > 2.5) is high. The information carried by these few samples monopolizes a large part of the information conveyed by the entire database. The study of the spatial structure of the data and the identification of the mechanisms responsible for the water quality are then strongly degraded. Data transformation can be proposed to overcome these problems. This study deals with a database of 8110 groundwater analyses (Occitanie region, France), on which the bacteriological load was measured in Escherichia coli and Enterococci, in addition to electrical conductivity, major ions, Mn, Fe, As and pH. Three modes of data conditioning were tested and compared to the treatment with raw data. The results show that log transformation is the best option, revealing a relationship between E. coli content and all the other parameters. By reducing the impact of extreme values without eliminating them, it allowed a concentration of information on the first factorial axes of the PCA, and consequently a better definition of the associated processes. The spatial structure of the principal components and their cartographic representation is improved. The conditioning of the data with the square root function led to an intermediate improvement between the logarithmic transformation and the absence of conditioning. The application of these results should allow a targeted, more efficient, and therefore, less expensive monitoring of water quality by Regional Health Agencies.

International audience; Mahi Binebine’s novel Le Seigneur vous le rendra tells the story of a baby tied up, prevented from growing up, deprived of education, of freedom, in order to be rented out to beggars by his mother. Our analysis starts from the following questions: if the monster is the one who destabilises, disturbs…, because it shakes the society in its capacity to produce sameness, one should wonder which social foundations does the romantic monster that we have in the novel represent ? In other words, how will the writing of a literary work convey function or rather social dysfunction ?; Le roman de Mahi Binebine Le Seigneur vous le rendra raconte l’histoire d’un bébé ligoté, empêché de grandir, privé d’éducation, de liberté, afin d’être loué à des mendiantes par sa génitrice. Notre lecture part des questionnements suivants : si le monstre est celui qui déstabilise, bouscule…, parce qu’il ébranle la société dans sa capacité à produire la mêmeté, reste à se demander de quels soubassements sociaux, le monstre romanesque que nous avons dans cet ouvrage, est-il représentatif ? Ou comment l’écriture d’une œuvre littéraire va-t-elle manifester un fonctionnement ou plutôt un dysfonctionnement social ?

Extended Huckel tight-binding calculations indicate that the valence electron count (VEC) of compounds adopting the Ti5Te4-type structure is imposed by metal–metal bonding. The average metal–metal overlap population is almost constant and maximum in the VEC range 44–50, which corresponds exactly to the VEC range of the characterized compounds. Related phases deriving from the Ti5Te4 structure through insertion of extra metal atoms or metal clusters between the chains have very similar bonding and VEC count. Calculations on V3As2 and Cu4Nb5Si4 indicate that the inserted atoms provide Ti5Te4-type substructure with an electron number, which tends to maximize the metal–metal bonding.

This paper presents an analysis of natural and anthopogenic factors responsible for increasing sanding up and desertifciation phenomena in southeastern Morocco. The results revealed that the environment has changed inthis region over the last few decades via the influence and interaction of different natural and anthropogenic factors. In this very fragile environment, human pressure, altering climatic conditions and the use of inappropriate technology have prompted a long and insidious process leading to the appearance of desert biotopes, even in previous non-desert areas. Increasing populations and socioeconomic changes are responsible for overuse of this environment. A new relationship between human and the environment has developped through the introduction of modern lifestyle in oasis areas, accompanied by increased road systems, irrigation canals, motorization, dams, etc. With this modernization, traditional techniques are becoming obsolete and out of line with development policies. This has led to a generally unbalanced situation. The main environmental changes that have occured such as sanding up and desertification, are therefore more due to human pressure and accompanying technological modifications, along with resource mismanagement, than to unfavorable climatic conditions. Human activities are therefore chiefly responsible for the environmental imbalance that has occured in southeastern Morocco in recent decades., Dans cet article nous avons procédé à une analyse des facteurs naturels et anthropiques à l'origine de l'exacerbation des phénomènes d'ensablement et de désertification dans le Sud-Est marocain. Ul s'avère que le milieu a évolué ces dernières décades sous l'influence et l'interaction de divers facteurs anthropiques et naturels. Ainsi, de par ses caractéristiques physiques, ce milieu est naturellement fragile, mais c'est surtout la forte pression humaine alliée à la péjoration des conditions climatiques enregistrée ces dernières décades et l'introduction de technologies lourdes et inappropriées qui ont conduit par de lents processus insidieux à l'apparition de biotopes désertiques même là où il n'y en avait pas. En effet, du fait de l'accroissement de la population et des mutations socio-économiques, on a eu tendance à demander à ce milieu plus qu'il ne peut donner. L'intrusion du monde moderne dans les oasis, qui s'est accompagnée de l'extension du réseau routier, de canaux d'irrigation, de la motorisation, de l'implantation de barrages, etc. a créé de nouveaux rapports entre l'homme et son milieu. La confrontation des techniques modernes et traditionnelles voit ces dernières devenir désuètes, non crédibles et mal adaptées aux nouvelles données des politiques de développement. La situation qui en a résulté est celle d'un déséquilibre généralisé. La recrudescence des phénomènes d'ensablement et de désertification dans le Sud-Est marocain est donc beaucoup plus liée à l'accroissement de la pression humaine, aux transformations technologiques qui l'accompagnent, à une mauvaise gestion des ressources qu'à la péjoration des conditions climatiques peu favorable. Les ,actions humaines sont donc au premier rang des causes des déséquilibres observés ces dernières décennies dans le Sud-Est marocain.

The Francophone Congolese novel draws its identity from the history of its original society. Henri Lopes's "le pleurer-rire" and Sony Labou Tansi's " La vie et demie" reflect an omnipresence of power running through the storyline. a comparative study promises to reveal the nature of this power, its geography and its role within two dictatorships against two dominated nations, however showing a resistance which varies in both of the two corpus novels.; Le roman francophone congolais puise son identité de l'historique de sa société d'origine. Le pleurer-rire d'Henri Lopes et La vie et demie de Sony Labou Tansi reflètent une omni présence du pouvoir traversant la trame romanesque. une étude comparative promet de dévoiler la nature de ce pouvoir, sa géographie et son utilité au sein de deux dictatures faces à deux peuples dominés mais affichant une résistance qui varie dans l'un et l'autre des deux romans corpus.

International audience; Déclaration de divulgation : Les auteurs n'ont pas connaissance de quelconque financement qui pourrait affecter l'objectivité de cette étude. Conflit d'intérêts : Les auteurs ne signalent aucun conflit d'intérêts.

International audience

International audience; This paper aims to present a holistic overview of the integration of multiple socially responsible practices in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). In fact, this topic has nowadays become crucial for universities and other higher education and scientific research institutions to guarantee the satisfaction of the multiple internal and external stakeholders (students, professors, administrative staff, external partners...) and to insure an optimal quality performance of those institutions. For this purpose, we first presented to the university in its changing context; our aim was to show up and to identify the main steps and milestones that characterized the higher education sector. Then, we tackled some several aspects of the University Social Responsibility concept (USR), starting from its roots and relationship with the CSR concept (Corporate Social responsibility), arriving to its diverse definitions. After, we discussed the importance of the university governance system and the stakeholders within the integration of socially responsible practices in HEIs. Moreover, we chose PRME “Principles of Responsible Management Education”, which is a UN (United Nations) initiative, as an example of integrating socially responsible practices in business schools and an inspiration for HEIs in all specialties to proceed in the same way. Finally, we suggested a theoretical model based on the analysis of the different discussed points in this paper. The theoretical model resulting from the analysis made in this article can serve as a basis for future empirical research, with the aim of identifying the main dimensions that act and strongly impact on the integration of socially responsible practices within higher education institutions, in particular through the implementation of a USR approach.

International audience; Two new 5-N-((alkylamino)methyl)quinolin-8-ol analogs, namely 5,5'-(azanediylbis(methylene))bisquinolin-8-ol (ABMQ), 5-(((4-hydroxybenzyl)amino) methyl)quinolin-8-ol (HAMQ) were synthesized in moderate yields via the N-alkylation of 5-Aminomethyl-quinolin-8-ol with benzyl alcohol derivatives. Their structures were determined on the basis of elemental analysis, NMR, and FT-IR. The corrosion inhibiting ability of 5-N-((alkylamino)methyl)quinolin-8-ol analogs was assessed on C40E steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 media via multiples approaches such that the weight reduction, electrochemical measurements, UV–Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and computational techniques. All achievements are underscored that ABMQ and HAMQ behave as good corrosion inhibitors of C40E steel in sulfuric acid and their performances follow the sequence, ABMQ (97.3) > HAMQ (94.6) at 0.001 M. Both 5-N-((alkylamino)methyl)quinolin-8-ol analogs revealed mixed-type inhibitory activity. Two loops; one in high-frequency and another in low-frequency were observed in EIS plots. A substantial reduction of corrosive attack on the surface exposed to ABMQ or HAMQ solution was upheld by SEM. The 5-N-((alkylamino)methyl)quinolin-8-ol analogs were chemisorbed on the C40E steel surface and followed the Langmuir isotherm model. Quantum chemical calculations using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method and molecular dynamics simulations suggest a good agreement with the experimental results.

International audience; In a tourism destination, tourists are the main factor and what matters is to attract them. Therefore, in the competitive context of tourism destinations, those who can create, enhance and differentiate their image are more successful as they improve their popularity, reputation, and ability to attract more tourists in the future. Hence, we can infer that the image of the destination is one of effective marketing tools to attract more tourists.The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of destination images on behavioral intentions. More specifically, we investigate the impact of cognitive and affective destination image on intentions to revisit and recommend the destination among past tourists. Data were collected from 249 tourists who visited the city of Essaouira and the model was tested using structural equation modeling based on the PLS method. The results of this study is to support the positive impact of the destination image on behavioral intentions.

Morocco has finally joined the trajectory of participatory finance. However, despite the efforts made to promote this nascent industry, this is still very insufficient to encourage it. In addition, the tax variable is a determining factor in the financing decision because it weighs heavily on the cost of participatory banking products. In the absence of tax regulations that take into account the nature of these products and put in place an incentive and encouraging tax framework that guarantees better tax neutrality, this industry risks being less competitive compared to their conventional counterparts. The scarcity of studies dealing with this tax evolution, prompted us to study and analyze this question, while basing ourselves on the evolution of the tax framework of these products in Morocco and also on the various tax novelties brought by the succession of the laws of finances., Le Maroc s’est enfin inscrit dans la trajectoire de la finance participative. Cependant, malgré les efforts déployés pour promouvoir cette industrie naissante, cela reste très insuffisant pour l’encourager. Par ailleurs, la variable fiscale constitue une déterminante de la décision de financement du fait qu’elle pèse lourdement sur le coût des produits bancaires participatifs. Dans l’absence d’une réglementation fiscale prenant en considération la nature de ces produits et mettant en place un cadre fiscal incitatif et encourageant et garantissant une meilleure neutralité fiscale, cette industrie risque d’être moins compétitive en comparaison avec leurs homologues conventionnels. La rareté des études traitant cette évolution fiscale nous a poussés à étudier et à analyser cette question, tout en nous basant sur l’évolution du cadre fiscal de ces produits au Maroc et aussi sur les différentes nouveautés fiscales apportées par la succession des lois de finances.

International audience; The addition of 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (4-POX) as organic corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel (CS) in 1 M HCl solution was assessed exploiting weight loss and electrochemical measurements as well as surface analyses. The gravimetric results showed that the 4-POX presents excellent anticorrosive properties on CS substrate, and its inhibition performance, ƞ(%), augmented with the 4-POX concentration to reach a maximum value of 93.6% at 1 mM afterwards 6 h embedding in 1 M HCl at 303 K. The AC impedance findings revealed that the addition of 4-POX to the corrosive medium leads to a decrease of the charge capacitance resulting in a systematic improve of the interface charge/discharge function and forms an adsorbed layer over the metal surface. Furthermore, SEM, water contact angle and XPS methods supported the development of a protective film over CS substrate surface afterwards addition of 4-POX. DFT calculations and MD simulations of 2,5-bis(n-pyridyl)-1,3,4 oxadiazole (n = 2, 3 and 4) derivatives were exploited to get better insight, about structural and electronic effects in relation to the anticorrosion properties and to envisage the interactions of the investigated inhibitors with metal surface atoms along with corrosive species. The cytotoxicity of 4-POX was also determined using the cell culture system.

International audience; The Moroccan electricity system is facing several challenges, including the sustained growth in energy demand, the strong dependence on the outside, and the preservation of the environment. This article aims to demonstrate the contribution of a carbon tax and an emission cap in the development of renewable energy sources. For this purpose, we opt-in this study for bottom-up modeling, using OSeMOSYS, which is an optimization model for longterm energy planning. The results show that: taking into account both mechanisms will lead to a diversification of the production park with greater penetration of renewable energy technologies, thus reducing the overall production of fossil fuels in Morocco. Consequently, it follows that the carbon tax offers a large deployment of renewable energy sources at the expense of a transitory increase in the total cost of the electricity system.