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International audience; BACKGROUND: Cardiac radioablation (CR) is an innovative treatment to ablate cardiac arrythmia sources by radiation therapy. CR target delineation is a challenging task requiring the exploitation of highly different imaging modalities, including cardiac electro-anatomical mapping (EAM). PURPOSE: In this work, a data integration process is proposed to alleviate the tediousness of CR target delineation by generating a fused representation of the heart, including all the information of interest resulting from the analysis and registration of electro-anatomical data, PET scan and planning computed tomography (CT) scan. The proposed process was evaluated by cardiologists during delineation trials. METHODS: The data processing pipeline was composed of the following steps. The cardiac structures of interest were segmented from cardiac CT scans using a deep learning method. The EAM data was registered to the cardiac CT scan using a point cloud based registration method. The PET scan was registered using rigid image registration. The EAM and PET information, as well as the myocardium thickness, were projected on the surface of the 3D mesh of the left ventricle. The target was identified by delineating a path on this surface that was further projected to the thickness of the myocardium to create the target volume. This process was evaluated by comparison with a standard slice-by-slice delineation with mental EAM registration. Four cardiologists delineated targets for three patients using both methods. The variability of target volumes, and the ease of use of the proposed method, were evaluated. RESULTS: All cardiologists reported being more confident and efficient using the proposed method. The inter-clinician variability in delineated target volume was systematically lower with the proposed method (average dice score of 0.62 vs. 0.32 with a classical method). Delineation times were also improved. CONCLUSIONS: A data integration process was proposed and evaluated to fuse images of interest for CR target delineation. It effectively reduces the tediousness of CR target delineation, while improving inter-clinician agreement on target volumes. This study is still to be confirmed by including more clinicians and patient data to the experiments.

Explicit kinetic schemes applied to the nonlinear shallow water equations have been extensively studied in the past. The novelty of this paper is to investigate an implicit version of such methods in order to improve their stability properties. In the case of a flat bathymetry we obtain a fully implicit kinetic solver satisfying a discrete entropy inequality and keeping the water height non negative without any restriction on the time step. Remarkably, a simplified version of this nonlinear implicit scheme allows to express the update explicitly which we implement in practice. An extension to the 2D case is also discussed. The case of varying bottoms is then dealt with through an iterative solver combined with the hydrostatic reconstruction technique. We show that this scheme preserves the water height positivity under a CFL condition and satisfies a discrete entropy inequality without error term, which is an improvement over its explicit version. Finally we perform some numerical validations underlying the advantages and the computational cost of our strategy.

International audience; Aortic valve landmarks detection in Computed Tomography (CT) images is essential for planning Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) and establishing predictive factors of cardiac conduction disturbance. The fully automatic detection facilitates the measurement and planning while reducing interobserver variability. Although the emerged Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been applied to fully automatic landmark detection, it is challenging for CNNs to directly process large-scale CT volumes due to the limited computational resources. Some common preprocessing to deal with the limitation of resources, such as down-sampling or center cropping, can cause the volume to lose detailed features or global information. To address these issues, we propose a two-stage detection method based on CNN. The proposed method initially detects the approximate positions of the landmarks in the global view and then obtains refined results in local regions, without overdependence on prior knowledge or labor-intensive preprocessing. Eight important aortic valve landmarks, including three hinge points, three commissure points, the middle point of the cusps, and the point of the lower part of the membranous septum are automatically detected from our network. An overall result of Mean Radial Error (MRE) of 2.23 mm is yielded from our data set containing 150 individual cardiac CT volumes. The method takes 0.15 seconds per stage to process one volume, showing high efficiency. © 2023 SPIE.

BACKGROUND: The effects of the environment and genotype in the coffee bean chemical composition were studied using nine trials covering an altitudinal gradient [600–1100 m above sea level (a.s.l.)] with three genotypes of Coffea arabica in the northwest mountainous region of Vietnam. The impacts of the climatic conditions on bean physical characteristics and chemical composition were assessed. RESULTS: We showed that the environment had a significant effect on the bean density and on all bean chemical compounds. The environment effect was stronger than the genotype and genotype-environment interaction effects for cafestol, kahweol, arachidic (C20:0), behenic acid (C22:0), 2,3-butanediol, 2-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, benzaldehyde, benzene ethanol, butyrolactone, decane, dodecane, ethanol, pentanoic acid, and phenylacetaldehyde bean content. A 2 °C increase in temperature had more influence on bean chemical compounds than a 100 mm increase in soil water content. Temperature was positively correlated with lipids and volatile compounds. With an innovative method using iterative moving averages, we showed that correlation of temperature, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and rainfall with lipids and volatiles was higher between the 10th and 20th weeks after flowering highlighting this period as crucial for the synthesis of these chemicals. Genotype specific responses were evidenced and could be considered in future breeding programmes to maintain coffee beverage quality in the midst of climate change. CONCLUSION: This first study of the effect of the genotype–environment interactions on chemical compounds enhances our understanding of the sensitivity of coffee quality to genotype environment interactions during bean development. This work addresses the growing concern of the effect of climate change on speciality crops and more specifically coffee. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

The objective of this exploratory study was to examine whether the number of foods offered has an impact on plate waste and meal satisfaction in adolescents' school canteens. The plate waste of 247 French students was estimated during two school lunches, the only variation being the number of starters offered (3 versus 6). Plate waste was assessed by the weight of food left on the tray. Students had to complete a short questionnaire regarding their general satisfaction with the meal. The results indicated that limiting the number of starters provided from 6 to 3 choices led to a decrease of Plate waste (-28.1 g) (p .0001), and a modest increase in Meal satisfaction (p = .02). They suggest that limiting the number of food choices in school canteens reduces plate waste, while not diminishing satisfaction with the meal.

Phytopathogens are a continuous threat for global food production and security. Emergence or re-emergence of plant pathogens is highly dependent on the environmental conditions affecting pathogen spread and survival. Under climate change, a geographic expansion of pathogen distribution poleward has been observed, potentially resulting in disease outbreaks on crops and wild plants. Therefore, estimating the adaptive potential of plants to novel epidemics and describing its underlying genetic architecture, is a primary need to propose agricultural management strategies reducing pathogen outbreaks and to breed novel plant cultivars adapted to pathogens that might spread in novel habitats under climate change. To address this challenge, we inoculated Pseudomonas syringae strains isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana populations located in south-west of France on the highly genetically polymorphic TOU-A A. thaliana population located east-central France. While no adaptive potential was identified in response to most P. syringae strains, the TOU-A population displays a variable disease response to the P. syringae strain JACO-CL belonging to the phylogroup 7 (PG7). This strain carried a reduced T3SS characteristic of the PG7 as well as flexible genomic traits and potential novel effectors. GWA mapping on 192 TOU-A accessions inoculated with JACO-CL revealed a polygenic architecture. The main QTL region encompasses two R genes and the AT5G18310 gene encoding for ubiquitin hydrolase, a target of the AvrRpt2 P. syringae effector. Altogether, our results pave the way for a better understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of the adaptive potential in an ecologically relevant A. thaliana – P. syringae pathosystem.

International audience; Les modèles polynomiaux inverses constituent une classe de modèles dont l'estimation peut être considérée comme faiblement non linéaire. Plusieurs approches permettent de linéariser ce problème afin d'aboutir à un estimateur explicite. Nous proposons de formaliser ces approches au sein d'une famille d'estimateurs par moindres carrés pondérés. Sur la base de leur étude théorique, nous proposons un nouvel estimateur aux performances améliorées. Enfin, nous explorons le comportement de cet estimateur par des simulations d'un problème concret d'identification d'un modèle de débit sanguin cérébral.

Clinical trials allow development of innovative treatments and ameliorate the quality of clinical care in oncology. Data show that only a minority of patients are enrolled in clinical trials. We assessed enrolment in clinical trials and its correlates among women with early breast cancer.We included 9516 patients with stage I-III breast cancer from the multicenter, prospective CANTO study (NCT01993498), followed-up until year 4 (Y4) post-diagnosis. We assessed factors associated with enrolment using multivariable logistic regression. In exploratory, propensity score matched analyses, we used multiple linear regression to evaluate the relationship of enrolment in clinical trials with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality Of Life (QoL) questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) Summary Score and described clinical outcomes (distant disease event, invasive disease event, and death by any cause) according to enrolment.Overall, 1716 patients (18%) were enrolled in a clinical trial until Y4 post-diagnosis of breast cancer. Socioeconomic factors were not associated with enrolment. Centres of intermediate volume were most likely to enrol patients in clinical trials [versus low volume, odds ratio 1.45 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.95), P = 0.0124]. Among 2118 propensity score matched patients, enrolment was associated with better QoL at Y4 (adjusted mean difference versus not enrolled 1.37, 95% CI 0.03-2.71, P = 0.0458), and clinical outcomes (enrolled versus not enrolled, distant disease event 7.3% versus 10.1%, P = 0.0206; invasive disease event 8.2% versus 10.5%, P = 0.0732; death by any cause 2.8% versus 3.7%, P = 0.2707).In this large study, one in five patients enrolled on a clinical trial until Y4 after diagnosis of early breast cancer. Geographical and centre-related factors were significantly associated with enrolment in clinical trials. Inclusion in clinical trials seemed associated with improved QoL and clinical outcomes. Access to innovation for early-stage breast cancer patients should be encouraged and facilitated by overcoming organizational and geographical barriers to recruitment.

Although family-based interventions have been suggested as promising approaches for preventing and treating pediatric obesity, available studies failed to include the whole family in its own natural environment and routine. This paper aims to detail the development, implementation, and evaluation phases of the ProxOb home-based, family-centered program and present its feasibility and early results. ProxOb provides families with a 6-month multidisciplinary, home-based, and family-centered intervention followed by an 18-month maintenance phase. A global psychosocial, clinical, and behavior evaluation was conducted at baseline (T0) at the end of the 6-month intervention (T1) and after the 18-month maintenance phase (T2). A total of 130 families with at least one child with obesity completed the ProxOb program so far, and more than 90% of them also presented at least one parent with overweight or obesity. Being part of a single-parent family seemed to increase the chance of completing the intervention (63.0% vs. 33.3% in the drop-outers subgroup, p = 0.03). The BMI z-score for children with obesity (T0 = 4.38 ± 1.05; T1 = 4.06 ± 1.07; T2 = 4.29 ± 1.12) significantly decreased between T0 and T1, followed by weight regain at T2. ProxOb proposes a feasible and replicable real-life approach to address childhood obesity while involving the children’s family.

International audience; Coffee is deemed to be a high-risk crop in light of upcoming climate changes. Agroforestry practices have been proposed as a nature-based strategy for coffee farmers to mitigate and adapt to future climates. However, with agroforestry systems comes shade, a highly contentious factor for coffee production in terms of potential yield reduction, as well as additional management needs and interactions between shade trees and pest and disease. In this review, we summarize recent research relating to the effects of shade on (i) farmers' use and perceptions, (ii) the coffee microenvironment, (iii) pest and disease incidence, (iv) carbon assimilation and phenology of coffee plants, (v) coffee quality attributes (evaluated by coffee bean size, biochemical compounds, and cup quality tests), (vi) breeding of new Arabica coffee F1 hybrids and Robusta clones for future agroforestry systems, and (vii) coffee production under climate change. Through this work, we begin to decipher whether shaded systems are a feasible strategy to improve the coffee crop sustainability in anticipation of challenging climate conditions. Further research is proposed for developing new coffee varieties adapted to agroforestry systems (exhibiting traits suitable for climate stressors), refining extension tools by selecting locally-adapted shade trees species and developing policy and economic incentives enabling the adoption of sustainable agroforestry practices.

International audience; PURPOSE: To evaluate different approaches for generating a cardiorespiratory ITV for cardiac radioablation. METHODS: Four patients with ventricular tachycardia were included in this study. For each patient, cardiac-gated and respiration-correlated 4D-CT scans were acquired. The cardiorespiratory ITV was defined using registrations of the cardiac and respiratory 4D-CT images. Five different approaches, which differed in the number of incorporated cardiac phases (1, 2, 10, or 1 with a fixed 3 mm margin (FM) expansion) and respiratory phases (2 or 10), were evaluated. For each approach, a VMAT treatment plan was simulated. Target coverage (TC) and spill were evaluated geometrically and dosimetrically for each approach. RESULTS: When employing one cardiac phase, the TC did not exceed 85%. Using the two extreme phases of the cardiac and respiratory cycles resulted in a geometric TC 89%, dosimetric TC > 92%) was only achieved when combining 10 respiratory phases with either 2 or 10 cardiac phases or a single cardiac phase with FM. The use of a single cardiac phase with FM combined with 10 respiratory phases lead to a mean geometric and dosimetric spill of 43% and 35%, respectively. CONCLUSION: For cardiac radioablation, the use of two extreme cardiac phases combined with 10 respiratory phases is a robust approach to generate a cardiorespiratory ITV. The use of a single cardiac phase with or without fixed margin expansion is not recommended based on this study.

Background: Physical activity (PA) and psychosocial interventions are recommended management strategies for cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Randomized trials support the use of mind–body techniques, whereas no data show benefit for homeopathy or naturopathy. Methods: We used data from CANTO (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01993498), a multicenter, prospective study of stage I–III breast cancer (BC). CRF, evaluated after primary treatment completion using the EORTC QLQ-C30 (global CRF) and QLQ-FA12 (physical, emotional, and cognitive dimensions), served as the independent variable (severe [score of ≥40/100] vs nonsevere). Outcomes of interest were adherence to PA recommendations (≥10 metabolic equivalent of task [MET] h/week [GPAQ-16]) and participation in consultations with a psychologist, psychiatrist, acupuncturist, or other complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioner (homeopath and/or naturopath) after CRF assessment. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations between CRF and outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic, psychologic, tumor, and treatment characteristics. Results: Among 7,902 women diagnosed from 2012 through 2017, 36.4% reported severe global CRF, and 35.8%, 22.6%, and 14.1% reported severe physical, emotional, and cognitive CRF, respectively. Patients reporting severe global CRF were less likely to adhere to PA recommendations (60.4% vs 66.7%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71–0.94; P=.004), and slightly more likely to see a psychologist (13.8% vs 7.5%; aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05–1.58; P=.014), psychiatrist (10.4% vs 5.0%; aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10–1.76; P=.0064), acupuncturist (9.8% vs 6.5%; aOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.17–1.82; P=.0008), or CAM practitioner (12.5% vs 8.2%; aOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.23–1.82; PP=.0001) and severe emotional CRF was associated with higher likelihood of psychologic consultations (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.06–1.79; P=.017). Conclusions: Uptake of recommendations to improve CRF, including adequate PA and use of psychosocial services, seemed suboptimal among patients with early-stage BC, whereas there was a nonnegligible interest in homeopathy and naturopathy. Findings of this large study indicate the need to implement recommendations for managing CRF in clinical practice.

International audience

PURPOSE Fatigue is common and troublesome among breast cancer survivors; however, limited tools exist to predict its risk. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants with stage I-III breast cancer were prospectively included from CANTO (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01993498 ), collecting longitudinal data at diagnosis (before the initiation of any cancer treatment) and 1 (T1), 2 (T2), and 4 (T3) years after diagnosis. The main outcome was severe global fatigue at T2 (score ≥ 40/100, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30). Analyses at T3 were exploratory. Secondary outcomes included physical, emotional, and cognitive fatigue (EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-FA12). Multivariable logistic regression models retained associations with severe fatigue by bootstrapped Augmented Backward Elimination. Validation methods included 10-fold internal cross-validation, overoptimism-corrected area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, and external validation. RESULTS Among 5,640, 5,000, and 3,400 patients at T1, T2, and T3, respectively, the prevalence of post-treatment severe global fatigue was 35.6%, 34.0%, and 31.5% in the development cohort. Retained risk factors for severe global fatigue at T2 were severe pretreatment fatigue (adjusted odds ratio v no 3.191 [95% CI, 2.704 to 3.767]); younger age (for 1-year decrement 1.015 [1.009 to 1.022]), higher body mass index (for unit increment 1.025 [1.012 to 1.038]), current smoking behavior ( v never 1.552 [1.291 to 1.866]), worse anxiety ( v noncase 1.265 [1.073 to 1.492]), insomnia (for unit increment 1.005 [1.003 to 1.007]), and pain at diagnosis (for unit increment 1.014 [1.010 to 1.017]), with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.75). Receipt of hormonal therapy was a risk factor for severe fatigue at T3 ( v no 1.448 [1.165 to 1.799]). Dimension-specific risk factors included body mass index for physical fatigue and emotional distress for emotional and cognitive fatigue. CONCLUSION We propose a predictive model to assess fatigue among breast cancer survivors, within a personalized survivorship care framework. This may help clinicians to provide early management interventions or to correct modifiable risk factors and offer more tailored monitoring and education to patients at risk of severe post-treatment fatigue.

Une entreprise doit produire différents types de matelas au sein de ses lignes de production. Les matelas produits doivent être ceux dont les commandes sont les plus prioritaires. De plus, le planning de production doit respecter de nombreuses contraintes métier portant sur différents aspects du problème : tailles et types des moules sélectionnés, caractéristiques du latex utilisé,changements de type de matelas produit au cours de la semaine, etc.L'utilisation standard de l'application fournit des plannings d'une semaine pour 5 lignes de production ayant chacune ses caractéristiques. L'optimisation est effectuée la semaine précédant la production afin d'avoir un planning le plus proche possible des besoins actuels.

International audience

The PRAETORIAN strategic goal is to increase the security and resilience of European CIs, facilitating the coordinated protection of interrelated CIs against combined physical and cyber threats. This paper presents the goal and objectives of a European project developing solutions to enhance the resilience of Critical Infrastructures and presents some tools developed to reduce the cascading effects around these CIs. The consortium implicated in the numerous tasks of the project is composed of 23 partners which aim to be fully aligned to participate in the different Work Packages and to fight coordinated and growing attacks in the area.

International audience; Meeting Abstract PO-1622

International audience; Transfusion is a specific cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery. Whether there is an association between the composition of blood products and the onset of AKI is unknown. The present study suggests that the transfusion of packed red blood cells containing a high amount of myeloid-related protein 14 (MRP_14) could increase the incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery. In a mouse model, MRP_14 increased the influx of neutrophils in the kidney after ischemia-reperfusion and their ability to damage tubular cells. Higher concentrations of MRP_14 were found in packed red blood cells from female donors or prepared by whole blood filtration

International audience

Sociologists have long been interested in the theoretical possibility of a universal ritual. Despite a growing number of indicators of world society and globalization, there have not been attempts to observe and analyze the international reach of particular rituals. We propose an extension of the “interaction ritual chain” by theorizing how an interaction ritual might be created and diffused internationally. We look at the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, which created shared conditions of social distancing and emotional distress. We analyze a discontinuous chain of urban and national interaction rituals that focused attention on the efforts of healthcare workers fighting the virus. We count clapping and noise-making in 101 countries and 26 global cities. While we find similar ritual forms and international symbols of solidarity, there was also substantial evidence of conflict and particularism.

One of the keys to halting the global decline in biodiversity lies in understanding of the complexity of the disruptions that affect biodiversity dynamics. My thesis therefore aims to account for the complexity in temporal dynamics of species and anthropogenic pressures, in biotic communities through interactions between species, and in the socio-economic determinants that underpin environmental destruction. Indeed, biodiversity loss is mainly analysed using linear approaches that cannot account for the diversity of potential dynamics and is often still considered from a population point of view, largely ignoring the fate of the interdependence between species. Moreover, the direct effect of human pressures on biodiversity is evaluated without taking into account their dependence on the underlying development model, thus neglecting its effect on the state of biodiversity. In the first part, using breeding bird surveys from France and Europe, I characterise the form shape of population trajectories to report their acceleration, deceleration or reversal, and I analyse the overall impact of anthropogenic pressures on common avifauna and, more specifically, on subgroups of species. In this first part, the decline in biodiversity is therefore assessed on the basis of species dynamics using the example of common European breeding birds. In the second part, I focus on changes in community structure by considering not only species but also the interrelations between species. After estimating species associations in French common bird communities and showing a decrease in their density over the past two decades, I link this decline to human pressures that are already having an impact on species. In this second part, biodiversity loss is depicted through the lens of the links between species on the basis of changes experienced by common breeding bird communities in France. In the third part, I explicitly question the role played by the socio-economic model in biodiversity loss. I first propose a socio-environmental indicator combining social achievements and planetary boundaries to get out of the rut caused by the quest for economic growth at all costs. I then show the gap between theoretical expectations and practical effects on biodiversity of sustainable development in France using an index based on common bird dynamics. In this third part, the decline of biodiversity is shown through its socio-economic determinants. Overall, the results of this thesis highlight the need for a spatial and temporal conservation science, which can only preserve common species and their interdependencies from anthropogenic pressures if it goes beyond the framework imposed by the current development model. More broadly, these results help to raise a pressing question: is it possible to halt and reverse the decline in biodiversity without transformative changes in Western societies?; Dans la compréhension de la complexité des bouleversements que connaît actuellement la biodiversité, réside une des clefs pour enrayer son déclin global. Le coeur de ma thèse s'attelle donc à rendre compte de la complexité, à la fois des dynamiques temporelles des espèces et des pressions humaines, des communautés biotiques au travers des interactions qui les composent, et des soubassements socio-économiques de la destruction de la nature. En effet, le déclin de la biodiversité est traduit dans la plupart des études par une approche linéaire qui ne rend pas compte de la diversité des dynamiques possibles, et est approché du point de vue des populations sans prendre en compte, à large échelle, l'interdépendance qui existe entre les espèces. En outre, si les pressions directes sont souvent évaluées, leur dépendance au modèle socio-économique sous-jacent et donc l'effet de ce dernier sur l'état de la biodiversité, reste peu étudiée. En utilisant notamment les données de suivi des oiseaux communs en France et en Europe, je m'intéresse dans une première partie à caractériser la forme générale des trajectoires de populations en rendant compte de leur accélération, décélération et inversion. Puis, je m'attelle à mettre en lumière l'effet principal des grandes pressions anthropiques sur l'avifaune ainsi que leurs impacts plus spécifiques par groupe d'espèces. Cette première partie permet ainsi de traiter du déclin de la biodiversité à l'aune de la dynamique des espèces à travers l'exemple de l'avifaune commune européenne. Dans une deuxième partie, je m'attache à mettre en évidence les modifications de la structure des communautés non plus seulement au plan des espèces, mais en incorporant les liens qui les unissent. Après avoir estimé les associations interspécifiques dans les communautés d'oiseaux en France et mis en évidence le déclin de leur densité, je relie ce dernier aux pressions anthropiques qui affectent déjà les espèces. Cette seconde partie expose donc le déclin de la biodiversité sous l'angle des liens entre espèces en se fondant sur les modifications subies par les communautés d'oiseaux communs en France au cours des deux dernières décennies. Dans une troisième partie, je prends du recul et questionne expressément le rôle du modèle de développement dans le déclin de la biodiversité. Je propose, dans un premier temps, un indicateur combinant l'atteinte de seuils sociaux et le respect des limites planétaires afin de sortir de l'ornière creusée par la recherche de croissance économique à tout prix, avant de m'intéresser dans un second temps au décalage entre les attendus théoriques et les conséquences pratiques du développement durable dans le cas français. Cette troisième partie fait ainsi ressortir les déterminants socio-économiques qui entraînent le déclin de la biodiversité. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats de ce travail de thèse soulignent la nécessité de penser la biologie de la conservation comme une discipline foncièrement spatiale et temporelle, à même de protéger les espèces et leurs interrelations des pressions anthropiques directes, telle l'intensification agricole, si elle sort du cadre imposé par le modèle socio-économique actuel. Plus largement, ils contribuent à faire émerger la question de la possibilité même de renverser le déclin de la biodiversité sans changements profonds, en particulier dans les sociétés occidentales.

International audience; Ventricular arrhythmias are serious life-threatening cardiac disorders. Despite many technological improvements, a non-negligible number of patients present refractory ventricular tachycardias, resistant to a catheter ablation procedure, placing these patients in a therapeutic impasse. Recently, a cardiac stereotactic radioablative technique has been developed to treat patients with refractory ventricular arrhythmias, as a bail out strategy. This new therapeutic option historically brings together two fields of expertise unknown to each other, pointing out the necessity of an optimal partnership between cardiologists and radiation oncologists. As described in this narrative review, the understanding of cardiological aspects of the technique for radiation oncologists and treatment technical aspects comprehension for cardiologists represent a major challenge for the application and the future development of this promising treatment.

Recalcitrant adventitious root (AR) development is a major hurdle in propagating commercially important woody plants. Although significant progress has been made to identify genes involved in subsequent steps of AR development, the molecular basis of differences in apparent recalcitrance to form AR between easy-to-root and difficult-to-root genotypes remains unknown.To address this, we generated cambium tissue-specific transcriptomic data from stem cuttings of hybrid aspen, T89 (difficult-to-root) and hybrid poplar OP42 (easy-to-root) and used transgenic approaches to verify the role of several transcription factors (TF) in the control of adventitious rooting.Increased peroxidase activity is positively correlated with better rooting. We found differentially expressed genes encoding Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging proteins to be enriched in OP42 compared to T89. A higher number of differentially expressed TF in OP42 compared to T89 cambium cells was revealed by a more intense transcriptional reprograming in the former. PtMYC2, a potential negative regulator, was less expressed in OP42 compared to T89. Using transgenic approaches, we have demonstrated that PttARF17.1 and PttMYC2.1 negatively regulate adventitious rooting.Our results provide insights into the molecular basis of genotypic differences in AR and implicate differential expression of the master regulator MYC2 as a critical player in this process.

Avec le soutien de l’AFERO (Association française d’étude et de recherche sur l’obésité) et de la SOFFCO.MM (Société française et francophone de chirurgie de l’obésité et des maladies métaboliques).; International audience; L'objectif de ce chapitre est de répondre à la question suivante : le plaisir est-il l'ennemi de l'adoption de bonnes pratiques alimentaires ? Cette question sera abordée selon un découpage classique qui répond à la problématique du QUOI (diversité alimentaire, aliments acceptés et rejetés) et à celle du COMBIEN (régulation des prises énergétiques). Une emphase sera portée à la population des enfants dans la mesure où les comportements alimentaires se construisent dès la petite enfance. Un intérêt particulier a été porté aux enfants en surpoids dont on préjuge souvent qu'ils entretiennent un rapport spécifique au plaisir dans le domaine alimentaire.

International audience; Context. In recent decades, direct imaging has confirmed the existence of substellar companions (exoplanets or brown dwarfs) on wide orbits (>10 au) around their host stars. In striving to understand their formation and evolution mechanisms, in 2015 we initiated the SPHERE infrared survey for exoplanets (SHINE), a systematic direct imaging survey of young, nearby stars that is targeted at exploring their demographics.Aims. We aim to detect and characterize the population of giant planets and brown dwarfs beyond the snow line around young, nearby stars. Combined with the survey completeness, our observations offer the opportunity to constrain the statistical properties (occurrence, mass and orbital distributions, dependency on the stellar mass) of these young giant planets.Methods. In this study, we present the observing and data analysis strategy, the ranking process of the detected candidates, and the survey performances for a subsample of 150 stars that are representative of the full SHINE sample. Observations were conducted in a homogeneous way between February 2015 and February 2017 with the dedicated ground-based VLT/SPHERE instrument equipped with the IFS integral field spectrograph and the IRDIS dual-band imager, covering a spectral range between 0.9 and 2.3 μm. We used coronographic, angular, and spectral differential imaging techniques to achieve the best detection performances for this study, down to the planetary mass regime.Results. We processed, in a uniform manner, more than 300 SHINE observations and datasets to assess the survey typical sensitivity as a function of the host star and of the observing conditions. The median detection performance reached 5σ-contrasts of 13 mag at 200 mas and 14.2 mag at 800 mas with the IFS (YJ and YJH bands), and of 11.8 mag at 200 mas, 13.1 mag at 800 mas, and 15.8 mag at 3 as with IRDIS in H band, delivering one of the deepest sensitivity surveys thus far for young, nearby stars. A total of sixteen substellar companions were imaged in this first part of SHINE: seven brown dwarf companions and ten planetary-mass companions.These include two new discoveries, HIP 65426 b and HIP 64892 B, but not the planets around PDS70 that had not been originally selected for the SHINE core sample. A total of 1483 candidates were detected, mainly in the large field of view that characterizes IRDIS. The color-magnitude diagrams, low-resolution spectrum (when available with IFS), and follow-up observations enabled us to identify the nature (background contaminant or comoving companion) of about 86% of our subsample. The remaining cases are often connected to crowded-field follow-up observations that were missing. Finally, even though SHINE was not initially designed for disk searches, we imaged twelve circumstellar disks, including three new detections around the HIP 73145, HIP 86598, and HD 106906 systems.Conclusions. Nowadays, direct imaging provides a unique opportunity to probe the outer part of exoplanetary systems beyond 10 au to explore planetary architectures, as highlighted by the discoveries of: one new exoplanet, one new brown dwarf companion, and three new debris disks during this early phase of SHINE. It also offers the opportunity to explore and revisit the physical and orbital properties of these young, giant planets and brown dwarf companions (relative position, photometry, and low-resolution spectrum in near-infrared, predicted masses, and contrast in order to search for additional companions). Finally, these results highlight the importance of finalizing the SHINE systematic observation of about 500 young, nearby stars for a full exploration of their outer part to explore the demographics of young giant planets beyond 10 au and to identify the most interesting systems for the next generation of high-contrast imagers on very large and extremely large telescopes.

International audience; The SpHere INfrared Exoplanet (SHINE) project is a 500-star survey performed with SPHERE on the Very Large Telescope for the purpose of directly detecting new substellar companions and understanding their formation and early evolution. Here we present an initial statistical analysis for a subsample of 150 stars spanning spectral types from B to M that are representative of the full SHINE sample. Our goal is to constrain the frequency of substellar companions with masses between 1 and 75 M Jup and semimajor axes between 5 and 300 au. For this purpose, we adopt detection limits as a function of angular separation from the survey data for all stars converted into mass and projected orbital separation using the BEX-COND-hot evolutionary tracks and known distance to each system. Based on the results obtained for each star and on the 13 detections in the sample, we use a Markov chain Monte Carlo tool to compare our observations to two different types of models. The first is a parametric model based on observational constraints, and the second type are numerical models that combine advanced core accretion and gravitational instability planet population synthesis. Using the parametric model, we show that the frequencies of systems with at least one substellar companion are 23.0 −9.7 +13.5 , 5.8 −2.8 +4.7 , and 12.6 −7.1 +12.9 % for BA, FGK, and M stars, respectively. We also demonstrate that a planet-like formation pathway probably dominates the mass range from 1–75 M Jup for companions around BA stars, while for M dwarfs, brown dwarf binaries dominate detections. In contrast, a combination of binary star-like and planet-like formation is required to best fit the observations for FGK stars. Using our population model and restricting our sample to FGK stars, we derive a frequency of 5.7 −2.8 +3.8 %, consistent with predictions from the parametric model. More generally, the frequency values that we derive are in excellent agreement with values obtained in previous studies.

International audience; Context. Large surveys with new-generation high-contrast imaging instruments are needed to derive the frequency and properties of exoplanet populations with separations from ~5 to 300 au. A careful assessment of the stellar properties is crucial for a proper understanding of when, where, and how frequently planets form, and how they evolve. The sensitivity of detection limits to stellar age makes this a key parameter for direct imaging surveys. Aims. We describe the SpHere INfrared survey for Exoplanets (SHINE), the largest direct imaging planet-search campaign initiated at the VLT in 2015 in the context of the SPHERE Guaranteed Time Observations of the SPHERE consortium. In this first paper we present the selection and the properties of the complete sample of stars surveyed with SHINE, focusing on the targets observed during the first phase of the survey (from February 2015 to February 2017). This early sample composed of 150 stars is used to perform a preliminary statistical analysis of the SHINE data, deferred to two companion papers presenting the survey performance, main discoveries, and the preliminary statistical constraints set by SHINE. Methods. Based on a large database collecting the stellar properties of all young nearby stars in the solar vicinity (including kinematics, membership to moving groups, isochrones, lithium abundance, rotation, and activity), we selected the original sample of 800 stars that were ranked in order of priority according to their sensitivity for planet detection in direct imaging with SPHERE. The properties of the stars that are part of the early statistical sample wererevisited, including for instance measurements from the Gaia Data Release 2. Rotation periods were derived for the vast majority of the late-type objects exploiting TESS light curves and dedicated photometric observations. Results. The properties of individual targets and of the sample as a whole are presented.

The spatial distribution and seasonal variations of atmospheric iodine (I), selenium (Se) and caesium (Cs) depositions remain unclear and this precludes adequate inputs for biogeochemical models. We quantified total concentrations and fluxes of these elements in rainfalls from 27 monitoring sites in France with contrasted climatic conditions; monthly measurements were taken over one year (starting in 2016/09). Since speciation of I and Se can impact their behaviour in the environment, analysis of their inorganic compounds was also conducted. Our results showed that annual I concentrations in rainfall were much higher than those of Se and Cs (annual means = 1.56, 0.044 and 0.005 μg L-1, respectively). The annual iodine concentrations were highly positively correlated with those of marine elements (i.e. Na, Cl and Mg), involving higher I concentrations under oceanic climate than for transition, continental and mountainous ones. Furthermore, common patterns were found between Se concentrations and both marine and terrestrial components consistent with the various sources of Se in atmosphere. The association of Cs with two anthropogenic components (i.e. NH4+ and NO3-) used in agriculture supports the hypothesis of its terrestrial origin (i.e. from atmospheric dusts) in rainfall. We found higher rainfall concentrations of I during the warmest months for all climates. However, no specific seasonal trend occurred for Se and Cs. On annual average, rainfall contained mostly unidentified selenium compounds (inorganic Se proportions = 25-54%) and equal proportions of inorganic and unidentified I compounds. Concentrations of iodate were higher under oceanic climate consistent with an iodine marine-origin. We thank the technical staff of RENECOFOR-ONF for providing samples for this study as well as datasets other than those for iodine, selenium and caesium. This work was financed by the Region Nouvelle Aquitaine and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche with funds allocated in the Investissements d'Avenir' framework program under the reference ANR11-RSNR-0002. The authors thank Vicki Moore for English language assistance. The authors would like to thank Guy Pernot from the computer graphics Unit of Andra for his help in maps edition. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Few studies have addressed how the diversity of basal resources change with stream regulation and the potential consequences on river biota. We sampled invertebrates above and below a series of dams, over two years, at both downwelling and upwelling zones. In each zone, we recorded the daily temperature and flow variations, estimated the algal development, measured the available resources, and analysed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope compositions of the invertebrate community. The number of hydrological pulses were typically higher below the dams than above the dams especially during high-flow periods whereas the groundwater outlets had minor effects on invertebrate assemblages. Invertebrate abundance, richness and diversity tended to decrease below the dams. Co-inertia analysis showed that flow and temperature variations, and eutrophication explained most of the variance in the invertebrate assemblages, which comprised a higher number of resilient taxa below than above the dams. The proportions of pesticide-sensitive invertebrates were lower below the dams and ovoviviparous and more generalist taxa were prominent. We did not observe the expected CPOM decrease and FPOM increase downstream. Accordingly, the proportions of each functional feeding group were remarkably similar above and below the dams despite the long distance between the sectors (>100 kms). The diversity of basal resources used within assemblages progressively increased downstream above dams. In contrast, the diversity of resources used by organisms below the dams decreased from upstream to downstream suggesting a significant influence of flow regulation on aquatic food webs. Finally, the shorter trophic chains for the invertebrate assemblages below the dams suggests that the effects of stream regulation and eutrophication induced a simplification of food webs. To our knowledge, this study is the first to connect taxonomic and functional trait changes in response to multiple stressors with the associated modifications in isotopic niches within aquatic invertebrate assemblages. Context Understanding how stream regulation and associated anthropogenic pressures act on aquatic assemblages and trophic niches is necessary to guide management actions. Goal We aimed to investigate the functional responses (traits and trophic niches) of aquatic invertebrate assemblages to stream regulation and eutrophication. Methods We used univariate and multivariate analyses to compare the invertebrate assemblages above and below the dams and to assess the contributions of hydrology (including groundwater supplies to the river), temperature and eutrophication to the variability in the composition of invertebrate assemblages. We also considered the relative utilization of a selected set of traits describing invertebrate resilience, resistance and specialization to address the potential functional effects of stream regulation on invertebrate assemblages. Finally, carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses allowed us to characterize the length and width of invertebrate assemblage food webs as related to the availability and diversity of basal resources. Results Invertebrate abundance and richness generally decreased below the dams, with the highest impacts on insect taxa. Co-inertia analysis showed that stream regulation and eutrophication were main drivers of the aquatic invertebrate assemblages. The analysis separated the sites above and below the dams according to flow and temperature variation, whereas eutrophication appeared as a secondary stressor that separated the sites within each sector. Furthermore, the series of dams resulted in (i) a higher proportion of resilient (e.g., multivoltine) and resistant (ovoviviparous) taxa and a majority of generalists in assemblages below dams, (ii) an impact on the classical dynamics of CPOM (decrease) and FPOM (increase) sources from upstream to downstream, and (iii) a reduction in the diversity of resource use and in the trophic chain length of invertebrate assemblages below dams. The cooler and less oxygenated upwelling zones had lower invertebrate abundance; however, contrary to our expectation, the variation in the groundwater supply did not affect the composition of epigean invertebrate assemblages. Conclusion This study provides insights about the impacts of flow regime alteration and eutrophication on food webs that may have been caused by regulation of permanent streams. To our knowledge, this is the first to connect taxonomic and functional trait changes in response to multiple stressors with the associated modifications in energy fluxes in aquatic invertebrate assemblages. This study suggests that bed stability, which is associated with a reduction in channel mobility below the dams and with moderate eutrophication, may provide the shelter and resources that can locally favour invertebrate assemblage dynamics and lessen the effects of flow regulation. In addition, the study suggests that the biological trait-based approach and isotope analysis are complementary approaches for addressing ecosystem functioning. The relative utilization of traits indicates the functional potential of aquatic invertebrate assemblages to face multiple stressors whereas isotope analysis is an expression of the actual effect of the stressors on the trophic structure of aquatic invertebrate assemblages.

Background Self-reported data are prone to item non-response and misreporting. We investigated to what extent the use of self-reported data for participation in breast (BCS) and cervical cancer screening (CCS) impacted socioeconomic inequalities in cancer screening participation. Methods We used data from a large population-based survey including information on cancer screening from self-reported questionnaire and administrative records (n = 14 122 for BCS, n = 27 120 CCS). For educational level, occupation class and household income per capita, we assessed the accuracy of self-reporting using sensitivity, specificity and both positive and negative predictive value. In addition, we estimated to what extent the use of self-reported data modified the magnitude of socioeconomic differences in BCS and CCS participation with age-adjusted non-screening rate difference, odds ratios and relative indices of inequality. Results Although women with a high socioeconomic position were more prone to report a date for BCS and CCS in questionnaires, they were also more prone to over-declare their participation in CCS if they had not undergone a screening test within the recommended time frame. The use of self-reported cancer screening data, when compared with administrative records, did not impact the magnitude of social differences in BCS participation but led to an overestimation of the social differences in CCS participation. This was due to misreporting rather than to item non-response. Conclusions Women’s socioeconomic position is associated with missingness and the accuracy of self-reported BCS and CCS participation. Social inequalities in cancer screening participation based on self-reports are likely to be overestimated for CCS.

International audience; Species distributions have been profoundly affected by past climate change, and are expected to change considerably in response to future environmental change. To better apprehend how future climate change is likely to affect genetic diversity in marine populations, it is essential to first evaluate the processes that have shaped the current distribution of genetic diversity in the sea. The honeycomb worm is a reef-building polychaete that hosts high biodiversity. Here we show that the genetic diversity in populations of S. alveolata is highest towards the edges of the current species range and lowest at its center. Pleistocene glacial cycles likely led to extirpations of S. alveolata from central populations in the Bay of Biscay, with coalescent-based estimates of post-glacial colonization dating to the beginning of the Holocene interglacial, from 10,000 to 14,000 years ago. Meanwhile, populations in the Irish Sea and English Channel likely persisted in glacial refugia since the Eemian interglacial, 120,000 years ago. Northern populations host at least two sets of divergent haplotypes, indicating that two refugia possibly existed in the north, with Ireland being a likely second refugium. Within biogeographic regions, populations were overall well-connected, but strong genetic differentiation suggests that little exchange occurs between regions. These two unexpected reservoirs of genetic diversity at the range edges deserve greater attention as warming temperatures threaten trailing edge populations, while greater climatic variability threatens leading edge populations.

Resume Les enfants en surpoids sont reputes etre difficiles dans leurs choix alimentaires en raison d’une neophobie ou selectivite elevee, et presenter une alimentation peu variee constituee en grande partie d’aliments denses sur le plan energetique, ainsi qu’un fort attrait pour la nourriture. L’objectif de notre article est de verifier ces presupposes au moyen d’une analyse narrative de la litterature. Dans l’etat actuel des connaissances, il semble que les enfants en surpoids ou obeses ne temoignent pas d’une neophobie ou selectivite accentuee, ni de preferences particulieres envers les aliments denses en comparaison de leurs pairs normo-ponderes. En revanche, ils tendent a presenter un temperament alimentaire specifique constitue d’une forte excitabilite de l’appetit associee a une fragilite de la regulation des prises alimentaires. Il semble ainsi que la notion de temperament alimentaire devrait etre introduite au sein des consultations d’enfants en surpoids.

Context. The inner few au region of planet-forming disks is a complex environment. High angular resolution observations have a key role in understanding the disk structure and the dynamical processes at work. Aims. In this study we aim to characterize the mid-infrared brightness distribution of the inner disk of the young intermediate-mass star HD 163296, from VLTI/MATISSE observations. Methods. We use geometric models to fit the data. Our models include a smoothed ring, a flat disk with inner cavity, and a 2D Gaussian. The models can account for disk inclination and for azimuthal asymmetries as well. We also perform numerical hydro-dynamical simulations of the inner edge of the disk. Results. Our modeling reveals a significant brightness asymmetry in the L-band disk emission. The brightness maximum of the asymmetry is located at the NW part of the disk image, nearly at the position angle of the semimajor axis. The surface brightness ratio in the azimuthal variation is $3.5 \pm 0.2$. Comparing our result on the location of the asymmetry with other interferometric measurements, we confirm that the morphology of the $r, accepted for publication in A&A

We consider a procedure for combining high order finite volumes and tree-based non-uniform grids. Especially, we focus on efficient algorithms for third order multidimensional volume interpolation and communication between levels of refinement. In the end, numerical results are reviewed to validate our approach., Nous considérons un processus permettant de combiner volumes finis et grilles non uniformes basées sur une structure d'arbre. En particulier, nous nous intéressons à des algorithmes efficaces pour l'interpolation multidimensionnelle en volumes d'ordre trois en précision et pour la communication entre les niveaux de raffinement. Enfin, nous validons notre démarche en analysant les résultats numériques obtenus.

Nitrogen is a well-known gamma-stabiliser in austenitic steels, also responsible for significant solid solution hardening of these materials. Yet, only few papers have studied its impact on austenitic high-entropy alloy (HEA) matrixes. This study focuses on a cobalt-free, non equimolar CrFeMnNi HEA doped with nitrogen. A series of alloys was cast under a nitriding atmosphere to promote nitrogen absorption into the liquid alloy. Study of as-cast alloys has shown nitrogen presence in solid solution up to 0.3 wt % (1.2 at. %). Over the whole range of compositions, a linear increase of hardness (134 HV/wt. % of N) was measured as well as an expansion of the lattice parameter of Δa/a = 1.01/wt. % N due to nitrogen addition in the interstitial sites of the lattice. Tests on forged and annealed samples showed that the increase of hardness with nitrogen addition is higher than in as-cast state (210 HV/wt. % of N) surely due to presence of other strengthening mechanisms. Tensile tests confirmed that the presence of dissolved nitrogen increases yield strength and ultimate strength and enhances strain-hardening, without any modification of ductility.

Simple Summary Radiation therapy (RT) is a key treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. RT generates acute toxicity and weight loss, especially when combined with chemotherapy. Frail patients (malnourished or with poor performance status) have poor outcomes and increased toxicity when treated by RT. Among non-frail patients, predicting RT outcome is a challenge. Loss of muscle mass, also known as sarcopenia, is associated with poor outcome in HNSCC patients treated by RT and chemotherapy, but the level of evidence remains weak. Conflicting results exist regarding the impact of sarcopenia on acute RT toxicity. This prospective study confirmed that in non-frail HNSCC patients baseline sarcopenia is frequent (37%) and is associated with decreased overall and disease-free survival, but not with acute toxicity. Interestingly, a worse impact of sarcopenia occurred despite optimal nutritional support and even when patients were treated by RT without chemotherapy. Sarcopenia should be regarded as an independent prognostic factor in that setting. Abstract Highlights: Sarcopenia is frequent in patients treated with radiation therapy (RT) or radiochemotherapy (RTCT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Sarcopenia is associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival outcomes. Sarcopenia is not associated with a higher rate of treatment-related toxicity. Background: Sarcopenia occurs frequently with the diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We aimed to assess the impact of sarcopenia on survival among HNSCC patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) or radiochemotherapy (RTCT). Methods: Patients treated between 2014 and 2018 by RT or RTCT with curative intent were prospectively included (NCT02900963). Optimal nutritional support follow-up, including weekly consultation with a dietician and an oncologist and daily weight monitoring, was performed. Sarcopenia was determined by measuring the skeletal muscles at the L3 vertebra on the planning CT scan for radiotherapy. For each treatment group (RT or RTCT), we assessed the prognostic value of sarcopenia for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) and its impact on treatment-related toxicity. Results: Two hundred forty-three HNSCC patients were included: 116 were treated by RT and 127 were treated by RTCT. Before radiotherapy, eight (3.3%) patients were considered malnourished according to albumin, whereas 88 (36.7%) patients were sarcopenic. Overall, sarcopenia was associated with OS and DFS in a multivariate analysis (HR 1.9 [1.1–3.25] and 1.7 [1.06–2.71], respectively). It was similar for patients treated with RT (HR 2.49 [1.26–4.9] for DFS and 2.24 [1.03–4.86] for OS), whereas for patients treated with RTCT sarcopenia was significantly associated with OS and DFS in univariate analysis only. Sarcopenia was not related to higher treatment-related toxicity. Conclusions: Pretherapeutic sarcopenia remains frequent and predicts OS and DFS for non-frail patients treated with curative intent and adequate nutritional support.

The STI571 prospective randomised trial (SPIRIT) French trial is a four-arm study comparing imatinib (IM) 400 mg versus IM 600 mg, IM 400 mg + cytarabine (AraC), and IM 400 mg + pegylated interferon alpha2a (PegIFN-α2a) for the front-line treatment of chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Long-term analyses included overall and progression-free survival, molecular responses to treatment, and severe adverse events. Starting in 2003, the trial included 787 evaluable patients. The median overall follow-up of the patients was 13.5 years (range 3 months to 16.7 years). Based on intention-to-treat analyses, at 15 years, overall and progression-free survival were similar across arms: 85%, 83%, 80%, and 82% and 84%, 87%, 79%, and 79% for the IM 400 mg (N = 223), IM 600 mg (N = 171), IM 400 mg + AraC (N = 172), and IM 400 mg + PegIFN-α2a (N = 221) arms, respectively. The rate of major molecular response at 12 months and deep molecular response (MR4) over time were significantly higher with the combination IM 400 mg + PegIFN-α2a than with IM 400 mg: p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0035, respectively. Progression to advanced phases and secondary malignancies were the most frequent causes of death. Toxicity was the main reason for stopping AraC or PegIFN-α2a treatment.

International audience; The objective of our study was to investigate differences in the management of men and women treated for hypertension while considering the gender of their physicians. We used the data from the cross-sectional Paris Prevention in General Practice survey, where 59 randomly recruited general practitioners (42 men and 19 women) from the Paris metropolitan area enroled every patient aged 25–79 years taking antihypertensive medication and seen during a 2-week period (520 men and 666 women) in 2005–6. The presence in the medical files of six items recommended for hypertension management (blood pressure measurement, smoking status, cholesterol, creatinine, fasting blood glucose and electrocardiogram) was analysed with mixed models with random intercepts and adjusted for patient and physician characteristics. We found that the presence of all items was lower in the records of female than male patients (3.9 vs. 6.9%, p = 0.01), as was the percentage of items present (58.5 vs. 64.2%, p = 0.003). The latter gender difference was substantially more marked when the physician was a man (69.3 vs. 63.4%, p = 0.0002) rather than a woman (63.5 vs. 61.0%, p = 0.46). Although all guidelines recommend the same management for both genders, the practices of male physicians in hypertension management appear to differ according to patient gender although those of women doctors do not. Male physicians must be made aware of how their gender influences their practices.

International audience; The industrial sector is increasingly obliged to reduce its energy consumption and greenhouse gases emissions to contribute to the world organizations’ targets in energy transition. An energy efficiency solution lies in the development of thermal energy storage systems, which are notably lacking in the low-temperature range (50–85 °C), for applications such as district heating or low-temperature waste heat recovery. This work aims to bring a latent heat storage solution from material selection to prototype evaluation. The first part of this paper is dedicated to the characterization and aging of a phase change material selected from a screening of the literature (fatty acid mixture mainly composed by stearic and palmitic acid). Then, this material is encapsulated and tested in a prototype whose performances are evaluated under various operating conditions. Finally, a numerical model validated by the experimental results is used to explore the influence of a wider range of operating conditions, dimensioning choices, and material conductivity improvements.

To examine whether four pre-selected front-of-pack nutrition labels improve food purchases in real-life grocery shopping settings, we put 1.9 million labels on 1,266 food products in four categories in 60 supermarkets and analyzed the nutritional quality of 1,668,301 purchases using the FSA nutrient profiling score. Effect sizes were 17 times smaller on average than those found in comparable laboratory studies. The most effective nutrition label, Nutri-Score, increased the purchases of foods in the top third of their category nutrition-wise by 14%, but had no impact on the purchases of foods with medium, low, or unlabeled nutrition quality. Therefore, Nutri-Score only improved the nutritional quality of the basket of labeled foods purchased by 2.5% (-0.142 FSA points). Nutri-Score’s performance improved with the variance (but not the mean) of the nutritional quality of the category. In-store surveys suggest that Nutri-Score’s ability to attract attention and help shoppers rank products by nutritional quality may explain its performance. Paper published in the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (2020) http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11747-020-00723-5

The oleaginous plants that grow in Senegal are generally much unknown. This work focuses on the physic-chemical and biochemical characterization of fruits and oils of three oil plants from Senegal namely : Annona muricata, Terminalia catappa and Neocarya macrophylla. Thus, we interested us to determinate the qualitative and nutritional characteristics of fruits and the composition of fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols, etc. oilswith a view to their possible recovery. The results of biochemical analyzes indicate that the fruits are very pulpy (more than 70 %) with acidity and pHlow. The total sugar content of Terminalia catappa is quite low (2.37 ± 0.60 %) contrary to Annona muricata (16.17 ± 0.37 %) and Neocarya macrophylla (8,21 ± 0,08 %) which have a sweet, very pleasant flavor. The kernels of the seeds contain respectively 15.16 ; 24.74 and 21.05% protein and 40.5; 57 and 67.59 % fat respectively for Annona muricata, Terminalia catappa and Neocarya macrophylla. The iodine values of Terminalia catappa and Neocarya macrophylla are 11.31 and 16.10 g I2 / 100g respectively show a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids. Regarding the acid number, it is very high for Terminalia catappa oil (51.66 mg KOH/g)., Les plantes oléagineuses qui poussent au Sénégal sont généralement très peu connues. Ce travail porte sur la caractérisation physico-chimique et biochimique des fruits et des huiles de trois plantes oléagineuses du Sénégal à savoir : l’Annona muricata, le Terminalia catappa et le Neocaryama crophylla. Ainsi, nous nous sommes intéressés à la étermination des caractéristiques qualitatives et nutritionnelles des fruits et de la composition en acides gras, en stérols, en tocophérols etc. des huiles en vue de leur possible valorisation. Les résultats des analyses biochimiques montrent que les fruits sont très pulpeux (plus de 70 %) et légèrement acide avec des pH assez faibles. La teneur en sucres totaux est assez faible pour le Terminalia catappa (2,37 ± 0,60 %) contrairement à l’Annona muricata (16,17 ± 0,37 %) et le Neocarya macrophylla (8,21 ± 0,08 %) qui ont une saveur sucrée, très agréable. Les amandes des graines contiennent respectivement15,16 ;24,74et 21,05 % de protéines et40,5, 57 % et 67,59 % de lipides respectivement pour l’Annona muricata, le Terminalia catappa et le Neocarya macrophylla . Les indices d’iode du Terminalia catappa et de l’Annona muricata sont respectivement 11,31 et 16,10 mg I2/100 g. Ce qui montre leur prédominance en acides gras insaturés. Pour ce qui concerne l’indice d’acide, il estrelativement très élevé pour l’huile de Terminalia catappa (51,66 mg KOH/g).

International audience; Meeting AbstractPD-0891

Background: General practitioners (GPs) do not systematically include preventive recommendations in their practice, and some characteristics of health care organization are associated with more systematic prevention. But the characteristics of health care organization may act in a nonuniform manner depending on the type of preventive care. Thus, one characteristic can be positively associated with one type of preventive care and negatively associated with another. Our aim was to investigate the association between health care organization in general practice and different areas of preventive care (immunization and addiction prevention), in search of nonuniform associations. Methods: We used a representative survey of 1,813 French GPs conducted in 2009. Four preventive care practices were studied: immunization through flu and HPV vaccination, and prevention of addictive behaviors concerning tobacco and alcohol use. Characteristics of GPs’ health care organization and the social context of their practice were collected (spatial accessibility to GPs and socioeconomic level of the area of practice). We constructed mixed models to study associations and interactions between the organization variables and preventive care. Results: Four out of five characteristics of GPs’ organization have uneven impacts on different types of preventive care (p-interaction < 10-4). For example, number of daily consultations is associated with better immunization prevention but with poorer prevention counseling in addictive behaviors. In contrast, working with digital medical files is uniformly associated with both types of preventive care (OR = 1.29 [1.15–1.45]; P < 10-4). Conclusion: An approach centered on specific types of preventive care should help deepen our understanding of prevention and possibly help to identify a new typology for preventive care.

Resume Objectif Cet article interroge la maniere dont les medecins generalistes liberaux prennent en compte la position sociale de leurs patients dans leur travail preventif. Methode Apres une revue des principales constructions normatives censees equiper les generalistes pour l’apprehension des dimensions sociales, l’article utilise deux enquetes sur la dispensation des soins preventifs, l’une epidemiologique (PrevQuanti) et l’autre sociologique (PrevQuali). Resultats La deontologie, la formation et les recommandations mettent difficilement en forme les dimensions sociales de la sante avec lesquelles doivent composer les generalistes. L’enquete PrevQuanti a pourtant mis en evidence que la dispensation des soins preventifs etait traversee par des gradients sociaux quasi systematiques, mais de sens variable. L’analyse, sur la base de l’etude par entretiens PrevQuali, rend intelligible les facons dont les generalistes mobilisent la position sociale de leurs patients, pour s’y adapter ou non. Conclusion Les positionnements des generalistes sont modelisables en une typologie en six postures, entre lesquelles certains oscillent.

International audience

In reaction to a dull, never-changing Royal Academy, and announcing movements focused on sheer aesthetic beauty, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood is often seen as wrapped in a long, hazy, melancholy reverie. William Morris’s political commitment spares him such labelling, but Dante Gabriel Rossetti and his disciples are often associated with past-obsessed aesthetics. Taking a stand against such a bias, this dissertation emphasises the political aspects of their work, and the scope of their philosophical and ideological commitments. By interweaving a cultural and historicist perspective with the formal and aesthetic sides of their art, this study of a representative set of Pre-Raphaelite paintings and poems seeks to identify the political attitudes underlying their art. Through the prisms of 19th century theoretical texts and reflections by thinkers of modernity, counter-modernity, and alter-modernity, this analysis probes the idea that rifts and faultlines represent both displacements and a creative principle, while simultaneously opening the way to a permanent challenging of dominant ideology and offering an alternative to subversion. The artistic twist on the faultline concept makes the Pre-Raphaelites craftsmen of a quiet revolution, meant to effect a deep transformation of Victorian society and art., Fondée en réaction aux conventions immobilistes et ternes de la Royal Academy, et annonçant des mouvements guidés par une recherche de la seule beauté plastique, la Confrérie Préraphaélite est souvent perçue comme une longue rêverie nostalgique aux contours imprécis. Si son engagement politique permet à William Morris d’échapper à cette catégorisation, Dante Gabriel Rossetti et ses disciples sont habituellement associés à une esthétique passéiste. Prenant le contre-pied de cette lecture, cette recherche s’intéresse à la dimension politique de la Confrérie, et aux enjeux de son engagement philosophique et idéologique. Cette étude d’un corpus poétique et pictural représentatif des Préraphaélites mêle à une perspective culturaliste et historiciste l’aspect esthétique et formel de leur art, pour en faire ressortir les attitudes politiques. En mettant les poèmes et les tableaux en regard de textes théoriques du XIXe siècle et en les lisant au prisme de théories sur la modernité, l’antimodernité, et l’altermodernité, elle exploite l’idée que la faille, représentation du décrochement et du discontinu autant que principe actif de création, permet l’ouverture d’une mise au défi permanente de l’idéologie dominante et la mise en place d’une alternative à la subversion, faisant des Préraphaélites les artisans d’une révolution tranquille destinée à transformer l’art et la société victorienne en profondeur.

$\eta$~Car is one of the most massive stars in the Galaxy. It underwent a massive eruption in the 19th century, which produced the impressive bipolar Homunculus nebula now surrounding it. The central star is an eccentric binary with a period of 5.54\,years. Although the companion has not been detected directly, it causes time-variable ionization and colliding-wind X-ray emission. By characterizing the complex structure and kinematics of the ejecta close to the star, we aim to constrain past and present mass loss of $\eta$~Car. $\eta$~Car is observed with the extreme adaptive optics instrument SPHERE at the Very Large Telescope, using its polarimetric mode in the optical with the ZIMPOL camera. A spatial resolution of 20\,mas was achieved, i.e. very close to the presumed 13 mas apastron separation of the companion star. We detect new structures within the inner arcsecond to the star (2\,300\,au at a 2.3\,kpc distance). We can relate these structures to the eruption near 1890 by tracking their proper motions derived from our new images and historical images over a 30\,years time span. Besides, we find a fan-shaped structure in the inner 200~au to the star in the H$\alpha$ line, that could potentially be associated with the wind collision zone of the two stars., Comment: 10 pages, submitted to A&A

Objectives The economic impact of Patient blood management (PBM) must be assessed beyond the acquisition cost of blood products alone. The estimate of indirect costs may vary depending on the organization and the elements taken into account. The transposition of data from the literature into a specific local context is therefore delicate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the overall cost of red blood cell concentrate (RBC) transfusion from a French healthcare establishment point of view. Methods We carried out an activity based costing analysis in our hospital for the year 2018. The steps of the transfusion process and additional costs were detailed and cumulated (resource consumption, labor time, frequency) to populate the ABC model. Several scenarios were developed focusing either on RBC, all blood products or the surgical activity, and a univariate sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results The average total cost of transfusion, including acquisition cost, was 339,64 euros per RBC transfused. The cost of administration was 138.41 euros/RBC. Focusing only on surgical activities increased this cost (152.43 euros) while taking all blood products into account reduced it (92.49 euros). Conclusion The difference in our results with the literature confirms the local variability in the cost of transfusion, which may affect the economic impact of PBM. Our study related to the specific context of a single French institution has limitations that a multicenter study would clarify in order to carry out economic modelling of transfusion optimization and alternatives and to guide the choice of PBM strategies at the national level.