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This work deals with the economic valorization of orange industry by-products by intensification of both drying kinetics and extraction of phenolic compounds of orange peel using the instant controlled pressure-drop DIC technology. DIC treatment is usually performed on partially dried samples. It starts with a heating/pressurizing stage for a short thermal treatment time to end by an instant depressurization towards a vacuum. In the present case, orange-peel was DIC-textured to be airflow oven dried at 40 °C, 2 m s−1, and 265 Pa of vapor as relative humidity, to reach a final moisture of about 0.05 g H2O/g db. By assuming this operation as shrinkage-free with conditions of Negligible External Resistance (NER), the Coupled Washing/Diffusion (CWD) was applied as phenomenological drying kinetic model, and its effects were perceptively identified through the starting accessibility (δWs) and the effective diffusivity Deff of water within the textured material. DIC-texturing was also recognized as a pretreatment possibly able to improve the solvent extraction of phenolic compounds. Four phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC assessments; namely hesperidin, rutin, flavone, and naringin. DIC allowed growing them from 12.10 to 65.01 (537%); from 11.47 to 27.10 (236%); from 0.006 to 0.007 (117%); and from 0.0002 to 0.00032 (160%) mg/g db, respectively. This highly significant increase of availability of these active molecules should be correlated with the presence of broken-wall cells, which Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) later, revealed and confirmed.

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of air drying temperature (40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C) on the degradation kinetics of quality parameters of lemon peels. Drying at 40 °C was in favor of maximal water and oil retention capacities and lowest color loss (35%), but it also induced lower phenolic and flavonoids residual contents. First-order reaction model showed a good fit for lightness and yellowness color parameter. Zero-order reaction model fitted well redness color parameter and total color difference. A higher value of activation energy indicated greater heat sensitivity of lightness and redness during air drying.

The aim of this work was to evaluate osmo-dehydrated pear and apple stability on the basis of combined data of moisture desorption isotherms and glass transition temperatures (Tg) investigated in the temperature range of 30-60 degrees C. Parallelipedic pieces of pears and apples were osmo-dehydrated at 30 degrees C in sucrose syrups at 70% during 65 min. To study their hygroscopic properties behavior, the osmo-dehydrated fruits were stored in static desiccators at 30,45 and 60 degrees C, and relative humidities ranging from 6 to 80%. The Gmodel satisfactory described the relationship between the water activity (aw) and water content (X) of osmo-dehydrated fruits (r(2) >= 0.994). Differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure Tg of osmo-dehydrated fruits conditioned at various water activities. A strong plasticizing effect of water on Tg was found with a large reduction of Tg when the water content increased. The dependence of Tg on water activity data was satisfactory correlated by the Roos model (0.993

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; Desorption isotherms of fresh and osmotically treated (70%, 30 degrees C) apricots have been measured at 30,45 and 60 degrees C by the static gravimetric method. A differential scanning calorimeter was used to determine the T-g of samples equilibrated with several water activities. The osmotic pretreatment affected the shape of the desorption isotherms because of biopolymer binding at low activities values and dissolution of sucrose at high activities values. At 45 degrees C, isotherms of fresh and sucrose impregnated apricots are identical. At 60 degrees C, sucrose impregnation depressed water activity, while at 30 degrees C the opposite effect is observed. Evolution of moisture content at the first saturation layer expresses these effects of sucrose impregnation and temperature. Peleg model fitted the best experimental desorption isotherms of the fresh and osmotically treated apricots (0.990

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; Moisture sorption isotherms of apples and pears were determined at 30, 45, and 60 degrees C and water activity (a(w)) range of 0.04-0.83 using a standard static gravimetric method. The sorption isotherms of both fruits decreased with increasing temperature and exhibited type III behavior according to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) classification. The moisture desorption data fitted well with the Peleg model (0.997

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; This study was conducted to evaluate quality and structural changes in parallelepipedic pieces of pears during convective drying at different air temperatures (30-70 degrees C). Submitted to atmospheric O-2 conditions, ascorbic acid deterioration demonstrated first-order kinetic behaviour and was found to depend on air temperature and pear moisture content. Loss of ascorbic acid content increased with increasing air temperature. Possible explanation could be the irreversible oxidative reaction occurring during drying. Phenol content degradation fitted a pseudo first-order reaction and was significantly influenced by air temperature. Variations in bulk density, shrinkage and porosity essentially depended on changes in moisture content. Porosity exhibited a nonlinear variation with respect to moisture content. Volume change showed, as expected, a linear variation with moisture content. Drying temperature significantly induced the increase of a* and b* colorimetric parameters due to non-enzymatic browning reaction, which turned the samples more reddish and yellow when the temperature rose. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Institution of Chemical Engineers.

Water desorption of osmotic dehydrated apple and pear at different water activities: desorption isotherms and glass transition temperature. Journée AFSIA

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