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1. Quantifying Population Burden and Effectiveness of Decentralized Surveillance Strategies for Skin-Presenting Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liberia

Author: Joseph W.S. Timothy, Emerson Rogers, Katherine E. Halliday, Tarnue Mulbah, Michael Marks, Zeela Zaizay, Romeo Giddings, Marie Kempf, Estelle Marion, Stephen L. Walker, Karsor K. Kollie, Rachel L. Pullan, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Ministry of Health [Monrovia, Liberia] (MH), Hospital for Tropical Diseases [London], Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy (INCIT), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Nantes Université - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (Nantes Univ - UFR MEDECINE), Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Santé, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Université d'Angers (UA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), and Pecqueret, Valérie
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), skin, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], decentralized surveillance strategies, yaws, Neglected Diseases, Reproducibility of Results, NTDs, effectiveness, parasites, Liberia, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine, Humans, skin NTD, bacteria, neglected tropical diseases, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, Buruli ulcer, population burden
Abstract: International audience; We evaluated programmatic approaches for skin neglected tropical disease (NTD) surveillance and completed a robust estimation of the burden of skin NTDs endemic to West Africa (Buruli ulcer, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis morbidity, and yaws). In Maryland, Liberia, exhaustive case finding by community health workers of 56,285 persons across 92 clusters identified 3,241 suspected cases. A total of 236 skin NTDs (34.0 [95% CI 29.1-38.9]/10,000 persons) were confirmed by midlevel healthcare workers trained using a tailored program. Cases showed a focal and spatially heterogeneous distribution. This community health worker‒led approach showed a higher skin NTD burden than prevailing surveillance mechanisms, but also showed high (95.1%) and equitable population coverage. Specialized training and task-shifting of diagnoses to midlevel health workers led to reliable identification of skin NTDs, but reliability of individual diagnoses varied. This multifaceted evaluation of skin NTD surveillance strategies quantifies benefits and limitations of key approaches promoted by the 2030 NTD roadmap of the World Health Organization.
Published: 2022

2. Invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in children and adults in France during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era: an interrupted time-series analysis of data from a 17-year national prospective surveillance study

Author: Robert M. Cohen, Kostas Danis, François Angoulvant, Daniel Levy Bruhl, Emmanuelle Varon, Julie Cremniter, Corinne Levy, Marie Kempf, Marie-Cécile Ploy, Naim Ouldali, Scarlett Georges, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Association Clinique et Thérapeutique Infantile du Val de Marne (ACTIV), Groupe de Pathologie Infectieuse Pédiatrique [Paris] (GPIP), Société Française de Pédiatrie (SFP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Epidémiologie Clinique et Evaluation Economique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables (ECEVE (U1123 / UMR_S_1123)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de Référence du Pneumocoque, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Centre national de référence pour les pneumocoques [CHI Créteil], Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Groupe d'Etude des Maladies Infectieuses Néonatales et Infantiles (GEMINI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-MRB-GRC, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Limoges, Anti-infectieux : supports moléculaires des résistances et innovations thérapeutiques (RESINFIT), CHU Limoges-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Pharmacologie des anti-infectieux (PHAR), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Bernardo, Elizabeth, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Serotype, Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Pneumococcal disease, Time Factors, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Pneumococcal Infections, Interrupted Time Series Analysis, Pneumococcal Vaccines, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Child, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Vaccines, Conjugate, business.industry, Immunization Programs, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, France, business, Meningitis, Sentinel Surveillance, medicine.drug, Forecasting
Abstract: International audience; Background: The long-term benefits of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) remain unknown because of serotype replacement. We aimed to estimate the effect of PCV implementation on invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in France.Methods: We did a quasi-experimental interrupted time-series analysis using data from a French national prospective surveillance system. We included all invasive pneumococcal disease cases in children and adults from more than 250 participating hospitals between Jan 1, 2001, and Dec 31, 2017. The primary outcome was incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (meningitis and non-meningitis) over time, analysed by segmented regression with autoregressive error. Isolates were serotyped by latex agglutination with antiserum samples.Findings: We included 75 903 patients with invasive pneumococcal disease, including 4302 (5·7%) children younger than 2 years and 37 534 (49·4%) adults aged 65 years or older. Before PCV7 implementation, the estimated monthly incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease was 0·78 cases per 100 000 inhabitants, which did not change significantly up to May, 2010. PCV13 implementation in 2010 was followed by a significant decrease in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (-1·5% per month, 95% CI -2·2 to -0·8), reaching an estimated monthly incidence of 0·52 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in December, 2014. From January, 2015, the incidence rebounded (1·8% per month, 95% CI 1·0 to 2·6), reaching an estimated monthly incidence of 0·73 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in December, 2017. The estimated monthly incidence increased from 0·93 cases per 100 000 in December, 2014, to 1·73 cases per 100 000 in December, 2017, for children younger than 2 years, and from 1·54 cases per 100 000 in December, 2014, to 2·08 cases per 100 000 in December, 2017, for adults aged 65 years or older. The main non-PCV13 serotypes involved in the increase were 24F in young children and 12F, 22F, 9N, and 8 in adults aged 65 years or older.Interpretation: PCV13 implementation led to a major reduction in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease. However, a rebound in cases among children and adults since 2015, driven by several emerging non-PCV13 serotypes, jeopardises the long-term PCV benefits. These findings, if confirmed in the coming years, should be considered in the development of next-generation PCVs and might guide policy makers in the selection of future pneumococcal vaccines.Funding: Foundation for Medical Research; Pfizer, BioMérieux, Sanofi for the Regional Observatory of Pneumococci.
Published: 2021

3. Epidemiology and prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in humans, animals and the environment in West and Central Africa

Author: Oumar Ouchar Mahamat, Yann Dumont, Sylvain Godreuil, Anne-Laure Bañuls, Julio A. Benavides, Manon Lounnas, Mallorie Hide, Christian Carrière, Abelsalam Tidjani, Marie Kempf, Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo, Hélène Jean-Pierre, ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Du gène à l'écosystème (MIVEGEC-GeneSys), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, medicine.medical_specialty, Veterinary medicine, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Biology, beta-Lactamases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antibiotic resistance, Dogs, Bacterial Proteins, Enterobacteriaceae, Epidemiology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Environmental Microbiology, Prevalence, Antimicrobial stewardship, Animals, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Africa, Central, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Central africa, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Rats, Africa, Western, Infectious Diseases, Carriage, One Health, bacteria, Cattle, Chickens, Plasmids
Abstract: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are widespread. Here we used the 'One Health' approach to determine knowledge gaps on ESBL-E and CPE in West and Central Africa. We searched all articles on ESBL-E and CPE in these African regions published in PubMed, African Journals Online and Google Scholar from 2000 onwards. Among the 1201 articles retrieved, we selected 165 studies (West Africa, 118; Central Africa, 47) with data from 22 of the 26 West and Central Africa countries. Regarding the settings, 136 articles focused only on humans (carriage and/or infection), 6 articles on humans and animals, 13 on animals, 1 on humans and the environment, 8 on the environment and 1 on humans, animals and environments. ESBL-E prevalence ranged from 11-72% in humans and 7-79% in aquatic environments (wastewater). In animals, ESBL-E prevalence hugely varied: 0% in cattle, 11-36% in chickens, 20% in rats, 21-71% in pigs and 32-75% in dogs. The blaCTX-M-15 gene was the predominant ESBL-encoding gene and was associated with plasmids of incompatibility groups F, H, K, Y, N, I1 and R. CPE were studied only in humans. Class B metallo-β-lactamases (NDM) and class D oxacillinases (OXA-48 and OXA-181) were the most common carbapenemases. Our results show major knowledge gaps, particularly on ESBL and CPE in animals and the environment, that might limit antimicrobial resistance management in these regions. The results also emphasise the urgent need to improve active surveillance programmes in each country and to support antimicrobial stewardship.
Published: 2021

4. Staphylococcus capitis isolated from bloodstream infections: a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units

Author: Sylvie Joron, Stéphane Marret, Fabrice Lapeyre, Jérôme Larche, Jacqueline Grando, David Leyssene, Jean Nakhleh, Clarisse Dupin, Tania Foucan, Stéphanie Bordes-Couecou, Géraldine Abadie, Franck Labbe, Marie Kempf, Manuel Petitfrere, Audrey Robine, Marie Decalonne, Chantal Chaplain, Philippe Jouvencel, Florent Goube, Benjamin Cotte, Laurent Villeneuve, Adeline Lacazette, Raoul Baron, Jean-Marc Jellimann, Anne-Sophie Trentesaux, Nathalie Chautemps, Laurent Mereghetti, Olivier Dauwalder, Nicolas Fortineau, Christine Roques Ceschin, Rafik Ben Ammar, Sandra Bourdon, Alain Gravet, Audrey Glanard, Olivier Belmonte, Jacques Gilquin, Arnaud Florentin, Souad Slimani, Annick Lefebvre, Jérôme Guinard, Edith Malpote, Céline Chatelet, Isabelle Bauvin, Alain Lozniewski, Anaëlle Muggeo, Geneviève Héry-Arnaud, Stéphane Le Vu, Isabelle Ligi, Anne Le Pourhiennec, Christian Cattoen, Olivier Join-Lambert, Bruno Pozetto, Carole De Chillaz, Amine Siali, Pascale Martres, Michel Drancourt, Claire Lesteven, Sandra C. dos Santos, Nadège Bourgeois-Nicolaos, Aude Davy, Claude Olive, Rémi Gimenes, Laure Gibert, Raymond Ruimy, Virginie Morange, Antoine Bouissou, Julien Mourdie, Emmanuelle Bille, Marie-Noëlle Noulard, Vincent Cattoir, Martine Delorme, Dominique Trivier, Luc Desfrere, Hugues Patural, Patrick Barthelemy, Nadia Idri, Florence Lemann, Franck-Olivier Mallaval, Sophie Ketterer-Martinon, Christian Vandenbussche, Pierre Frange, Sylvie Ledru, Mouna Khecharem, Pierre Lureau, Sophie Boyer, Philippe Berthelot, Salma Ben Hadj Yahia, Clément Legeay, Emilie Benabid, Guillaume Menard, Marion Levast-Raffin, Céline Coroller-Bec, Claire Huart, Maryvonne Demasure, Pascal Bolot, Yasmina Berrouane, Hélène Cormier, Pascale Minery, Pascale Penn, Peggy Larroude, Evelyne Werner, Géraldine Gascoin, Virginie Forget, Nathalie van der Mee-Marquet, Stéphanie Soive, Karine Gambarotto, Vanina Ambrogi, Aurore Claudinon, Serge Klosowski, Brigitte Riviere, Véronique Merle, Laura Menvielle, Véronique Faraut-Derouin, Saïd Aberrane, Alain Beuchee, Nolwenn Le Sache, Hôpital Bretonneau, CHU Trousseau [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre hospitalier Félix-Guyon [Saint-Denis, La Réunion], Centre Hospitalier René Dubos [Pontoise], Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil (CHIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Centre hospitalier de Pau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier de Calais, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque (CHCB), Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Hôpital Charles Nicolle [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre hospitalier [Valenciennes, Nord], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Rennes], GHT de l'Artois, Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie [Chambéry], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Centre Hospitalier Le Mans (CH Le Mans), Clinique du Val d'Ouest, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre hospitalier Saint-Brieuc, Centre Hospitalier Georges Renon [Niort] (CH Georges Renon Niort), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHRO), Hôpital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU de Saint-Brieuc, Interactions Gènes-Risques environnementaux et Effets sur la Santé (INGRES), Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité de Recherche Environnement Physique de la plante Horticole (EPHOR), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Hôpital Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Mulhouse, site du Hasenrain (Mulhouse), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), Service de réanimation néonatale [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Pathogénie des infections systémiques (UMR_S 570), Centre Régional de PharmacoVigilance Nord-Pas-de-Calais [CHU Lille] (CRPV), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Faculté de Médecine Henri Warembourg - Université de Lille, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Groupe Hospitalier du Havre Hôpital Jacques Monod (MONTIVILLIERS) (GHH), Polyclinique Médipôle Saint-Roch [Cabestany], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Aix-Marseille Université - École de médecine (AMU SMPM MED), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté des sciences médicales et paramédicales (AMU SMPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service de microbiologie [CHU Nancy], Service psychiatrique de l'enfant et de l'adolescent [CHU Hôpital Robert Debré], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de bactériologie-virologie [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Registre EPIMAD, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Amiens-Picardie-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Pathogénie des Staphylocoques – Staphylococcal Pathogenesis (StaPath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe Hospitalier Artois-Ternois Centre Hospitalier d’Arras, Système Nerveux Autonome - Epidémiologie, Physiologie, Ingénierie, Santé (SNA - EPIS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), ELSAN Polyclinique Majorelle, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Castres-Mazamet (CHIC-CM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Centre Hospitalier de Lens, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Hôpital Trousseau, Jonchère, Laurent, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne (CHU de Saint-Etienne), Le CHCB, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Système Nerveux Autonome - Epidémiologie, Physiologie, Ingénierie, Santé (SNA-EPIS), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, CHU Saint-Etienne, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université Lille 2 - Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Félix-Guyon [Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Department of Microbiology Brest, Department of Microbiology, Brest, CHU CLAMART, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU de Nice), Centre Hospitalier Côte Basque, Bayonne, CHU Le Havre, Laboratory of microbiology and infection control, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles Nicolle, Partenaires INRAE, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Denis, France., CHU Lens, CHU Argenteuil, Centre Hospitalier Métropole Savoie-Site de Chambéry, La Clinique du Val d'Ouest, Hôpitaux Est Hôpital Louis Pradel - Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHR), Hopital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Service de virologie, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital Bretonneau-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Service de chirurgie infantile, CHU Felix Guyon, Saint Denis de La Réunion, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôtel-Dieu, Unité d'Hygiène Hospitalière, hospices civils de Lyon, Hôpital du Hasenrain, Mulhouse, CHU Valenciennes, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP), Hôpital de Bayonne [Bayonne], CHU Kremlin-Bicétre, Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Polyclinique de St Roch, CHU Pau, Unité de prévention et de lutte contre les infections nosocomiales [CHU Angers], PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Division of Neonatology, La Conception Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille and Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Laboratoire de Microbiologie clinique et environnementale [Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes (CHU Rennes), Hôpital privé de l'Estuaire [Le Havre], Pathogénie des Staphylocoques – Staphylococcal Pathogenesis, Hôpital d'Arras, CHU Le MAns, Polyclinique Majorelle, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Castres-Mazamet, Laboratoire de bactériologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Recherche Opérationnelle et Mathématiques de la Décision - LAROMAD (Alger, Algérie), Centre Hospitalier d’Arras, Unité de Méthodologie en Recherche Clinique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, Clone (cell biology), NRCS-A clone, 030501 epidemiology, Staphylococcus capitis, Medical microbiology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Medicine, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Brief Report, Gestational age, General Medicine, Staphylococcal Infections, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Nationwide active surveillance, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Vancomycin, Female, France, 0305 other medical science, Infant, Premature, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Bloodstream catheter-related infection, Birth weight, Preterm babies, 030106 microbiology, Late onset, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Sepsis, Intensive care, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, business.industry, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Infant, Newborn, Neonates, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Catheter-Related Infections, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, business
Abstract: To increase the knowledge about S. capitis in the neonatal setting, we conducted a nationwide 3-month survey in 38 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) covering 56.6% of French NICU beds. We demonstrated 14.2% of S. capitis BSI (S.capBSI) among nosocomial BSIs. S.capBSI incidence rate was 0.59 per 1000 patient-days. A total of 55.0% of the S.capBSIs were late onset catheter-related BSIs. The S. capitis strains infected preterm babies (median gestational age 26 weeks, median birth weight 855 g). They were resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides and belonged to the NRCS-A clone. Evolution was favorable in all but one case, following vancomycin treatment.
Published: 2020

5. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam combination versus ceftazidime alone

Author: Matthieu Eveillard, C. Moriceau, H. Pailhoriès, Marie Kempf, C. Lemarié, R. Chenouard, Université d'Angers (UA), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Programme ATIP - Avenir, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier
Subjects: Polymicrobial infection, Cystic Fibrosis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ceftazidime, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microbiology, Clavulanic Acids, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, medicine, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Ticarcillin, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Ceftazidime/avibactam, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Multiple drug resistance, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Drug Combinations, Infectious Diseases, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, business, Azabicyclo Compounds, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objective To compare the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) combination versus ceftazidime alone (TZ) for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Patients and methods MIC comparison was performed by E-tests. We assumed that CZA was more effective in vitro than TZ alone when CZA led to a category change from “Resistant” with TZ alone to “Susceptible” or “Intermediate” with CZA, or if the MIC of CZA was at least 4-fold lower than the MIC of TZ for TZ-susceptible isolates. Results For the 54 clinical isolates included in the study, CZA showed better results in terms of the proportion of susceptible isolates (66.7% vs. 38.9%, P Conclusion Using CZA for empirical treatments in severe or polymicrobial infections with S. maltophilia seems appropriate.
Published: 2020

6. Stable and Local Reservoirs of Mycobacterium ulcerans Inferred from the Nonrandom Distribution of Bacterial Genotypes, Benin

Author: Télésphore Yao Brou, Estelle Marion, Ronald Gnimavo, Marie Kempf, Alban Besnard, Céline Bris, Roch Christian Johnson, Clement Coudereau, Fida Khater, Sara Eyangoh, Marie Robbe-Saule, ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Fondation Raoul Follereau [Paris], Maison de la Télédétection, Centre de diagnostic et de traitement de la lèpre et de l’Ulcère de Buruli Madeleine et Raoul Follereau [Pobè, Bénin], Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Fondation Raoul FollereauINSERMAgence Nationale de la Recherche Région Pays de la Loire, ANR-11-CEPL-0007,EXTRA-MU,Etudes multidisciplinaires de l'Expansion et de la Transmission de Mycobacterium ulcerans liées aux changements environnementaux(2011), KEMPF, Marie, Changements Environnementaux Planétaires et Sociétés - Etudes multidisciplinaires de l'Expansion et de la Transmission de Mycobacterium ulcerans liées aux changements environnementaux - - EXTRA-MU2011 - ANR-11-CEPL-0007 - CEP&S - VALID, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), and Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC)
Subjects: Buruli ulcer, Stable and Local Reservoirs of Mycobacterium ulcerans Inferred from the Nonrandom Distribution of Bacterial Genotypes, Benin, Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, Distribution (economics), 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, Benin, 030212 general & internal medicine, bacteria, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BIBS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], biology, Ecology, genetic diversity, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 3. Good health, Phylogeography, Infectious Diseases, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Water Microbiology, geospatial model, DNA, Bacterial, Microbiology (medical), 030231 tropical medicine, Nigeria, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, mutational profiling, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Genotyping, 030304 developmental biology, Disease Reservoirs, Genetic diversity, business.industry, Research, lcsh:R, Tropical disease, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, tuberculosis and other mycobacteria, genotyping, genomic analysis, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, business
Abstract: International audience; Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a neglected tropical disease found in rural areas of West and Central Africa. Despite the ongoing efforts to tackle Buruli ulcer epidemics, the environmental reservoir of its pathogen remains elusive, underscoring the need for new approaches to improving disease prevention and management. In our study, we implemented a local-scale spatial clustering model and deciphered the genetic diversity of the bacteria in a small area of Benin where Buruli ulcer is endemic. Using 179 strain samples from West Africa, we conducted a phylogeographic analysis combining whole-genome sequencing with spatial scan statistics. The 8 distinct genotypes we identified were by no means randomly spread over the studied area. Instead, they were divided into 3 different geographic clusters, associated with landscape characteristics. Our results highlight the ability of M. ulcerans to evolve independently and differentially depending on location in a specific ecologic reservoir.
Published: 2020

7. Performance of the extended use of the FilmArray BCID panel kit for bronchoalveolar lavage analysis

Author: Carole Lemarié, Achille Kouatchet, Marie Kempf, Hélène Pailhoriès, Sigismond Lasocki, Maxime Sansot, Eugénie Fradin, Rachel Chenouard, Matthieu Eveillard, ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Bactériologie [CHU Angers], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), and Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Ventilator associated pneumonia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Direct examination, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nosocomial infection, Internal medicine, Intensive care, Diagnosis, Genetics, Medicine, Molecular Biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, General Medicine, Multiplex PCR, University hospital, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, respiratory tract diseases, Intensive Care Units, 030104 developmental biology, Bronchoalveolar lavage, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business, Hospital stay
Abstract: International audience; Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are responsible for an increase in morbidity, mortality, and prolonged hospital stay. A multiplex PCR kit such as the FilmArray BCID panel could allow early adaptation of antimicrobial therapy, which is crucial for clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to test the performances of FilmArray BCID panel for the detection of bacteria producing VAP. We tested the FilmArray BCID panel on 50 bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs), from patients hospitalized in two intensive care units at the Angers university hospital, compared to the conventional culture-based method. The sensitivity and the specificity of the FilmArray BCID panel were 67.2% and 98.9% respectively. They were 88.6% and 98.3% respectively when considering BALs with a positive culture > 10CFU/mL, and 94.7% and 99.6% respectively if considering BALs with a positive direct examination. This study underlines the good performance of the FilmArray BCID panel for BAL fluid analysis. In case of positive direct examination, this test allows reliable results that can be obtained at an early stage, facilitating the early adaptation of antimicrobial therapy.
Published: 2019

8. Acinetobacter pittii isolated more frequently than Acinetobacter baumannii in blood cultures: the experience of a French hospital

Author: Matthieu Eveillard, Marie Kempf, Clémence Tiry, Hélène Pailhoriès, ATIP AVENIR / ATOMycA ( CRCINA - Département INCIT - Equipe 6 ), Centre de recherche de Cancérologie et d'Immunologie / Nantes - Angers ( CRCINA ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes ( IRS-UN ) -Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ) -Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes ( IRS-UN ) -Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes ( CHU Nantes ), Laboratoire de Bactériologie [CHU Angers] ( Institut de Biologie en Santé ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire de Bactériologie [CHU Angers] (Institut de Biologie en Santé), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Bernardo, Elizabeth, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Acinetobacter baumannii, 030106 microbiology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Bacteremia, Microbiology, [ SDV.CAN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, polycyclic compounds, Species identification, Medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Acinetobacter pittii, Hospital-acquired infections, biology, Acinetobacter, business.industry, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus–Acinetobacter baumannii complex, General Medicine, Middle Aged, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Hospitals, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Blood Culture, bacteria, France, Bloodstream infections, business, human activities, Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Acinetobacter Infections
Abstract: International audience; This study assessed the characteristics of hospital-acquired Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex bloodstream infections (BSI). From 2010 to 2017, A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex BSI were investigated. Of 73 cases, 54.8% were associated with Acinetobacter pittii, 39.7% with Acinetobacter baumannii and 5.5% with Acinetobacter nosocomialis. Multi-drug-resistant isolates were significantly higher in A. baumannii BSI. Thirty-day mortality was no different between A. baumannii or non-baumannii A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex BSI. In contrast with other studies, this study found that most hospital-acquired A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex BSI were associated with non-baumannii A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex species. This study found that these species were important hospital-acquired pathogens, and emphasizes the importance of A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex species identification.
Published: 2018

9. Class 1 integrons in Acinetobacter baumannii: a weak expression of gene cassettes to counterbalance the lack of LexA-driven integrase repression

Author: Olivier Barraud, Fabien Garnier, Bastien Hervé, Marie Kempf, Elodie Couvé-Deacon, Marie-Cécile Ploy, Pamela Afouda, Valentin Tilloy, Thomas Jové, Christophe Burucoa, Erwan Scaon, Javier Yugueros Marcos, Anti-infectieux : supports moléculaires des résistances et innovations thérapeutiques (RESINFIT), CHU Limoges-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie Intégrative Santé Chimie Environnement (BISCEm), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Laboratoire de Bactériologie [Hôpital La Milétrie, Poitiers], Hôpital La Milétrie [Poitiers], ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department [Grenoble], bioMérieux S.A. [Grenoble], This work was supported by grants from Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (MESR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) and Fondation pour la recherche Médicale (FRM grant DEQ20150331742)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), and Bernardo, Elizabeth
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Acinetobacter baumannii, 030106 microbiology, Repressor, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Integron, Integrase, Integrons, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Bacterial Proteins, PcS, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, SOS response, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Gene, Genetics, Integrases, biology, Serine Endopeptidases, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, Gene cassette, biology.protein, Cassette promoter, bacteria, Repressor lexA, Regulation
Abstract: International audience; Integrons are able to recruit resistance genes through integrase-driven recombination events that are regulated by the bacterial SOS response and require the repressor LexA. Class 1 integrons genes are expressed from a common promoter, Pc, of which at least 5 predominant variants, classified from weak to strong, have been described. In Escherichia coli, there is an intertwined regulation between gene cassette expression and integrase activity: the stronger the promoter is, the weaker the integrase is. Class 1 integrons have been frequently described in Acinetobacter baumannii. However, Acinetobacter spp. lack the LexA repressor suggesting that the integrase is constitutively expressed. We characterized the integron content of 83 clinical and environmental A. baumannii strains. We found a predominance of Pc variants described as strong in E. coli. The Pc expression level was 2 to 4-fold lower in A. baumannii than in E. coli, and the diversity of the gene cassette array was low. In A.baumannii integrons with a PcS promoter might have been selected to allow a sufficient resistance level while avoiding the toxicity of a highly active integrase. Furthermore, a transcriptional interference between PcS and PintI1 (as shown in E.coli) may limit the expression of the integrase and thus counterbalance the lack of LexA-driven integrase repression to prevent the cost of the integrase.
Published: 2018

10. Assessment of the automated multiplex-PCR Unyvero i60 ITI® cartridge system to diagnose prosthetic joint infection: a multicentre study

Author: A. Greves, Jérôme Guinard, Chloé Plouzeau, Anne Jolivet-Gougeon, Catherine Mille, Geneviève Héry-Arnaud, Sophie Touchais, Stéphane Corvec, V. Balan, David Boutoille, G. Le Moal, Didier Tandé, Anne-Sophie Valentin, Julie Léger, Séverine Ansart, L.E. Gayet, Guillaume Gras, Carole Lemarié, Christophe Burucoa, Anne-Gaëlle Leroy, Marie Kempf, Pierre Abgueguen, Laurent Bret, J.-L. Polard, Philippe Rosset, D. Malandain, K. Fèvre, L. Bernard, A.-S. Cognee, Nathalie Asseray, F. Ducellier, F. Razanabola, Eric Stindel, Jane Cottin, Guillaume Ghislain Aubin, L. Happi, A. Meheut, Pascale Bémer, C. Thomas, F. Gouin, J. Druon, Cédric Arvieux, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Centre d’Investigation Clinique [Tours] CIC 1415 (CIC ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Centre Hospitalier Victor Provo, Subvention réseau CRIOGO, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Prosthetic joint infection, medicine.drug_class, Prosthetic joint, Concordance, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY METHODS, Multicentre study, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Antibiotic therapy, Biopsy, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Medicine, Multiplex PCR, 3. Good health, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Microbiological diagnosis, Unyvero i60 ITI(®)system, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Appendix A. Supplementary data : Supplementary data related to this article can be found at 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.05.017; International audience; OBJECTIVES: Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality and their number continues to rise. Their management remains complex, especially the microbiological diagnosis. Besides 'homemade' tests developed by several teams, new molecular biology methods are now available with different analytical performance and usability. METHODS: We studied the performances of one of these tests: ITI® multiplex PCR (mPCR) by the Curetis® company and compared it to either 'optimized' culture or 16S rRNA PCR. We performed a retrospective multicentre study to assess the contributions of mPCR in the diagnosis of PJI. We randomly selected 484 intraoperative specimens among 1252 of various types (biopsy, bone, tissue around the prosthesis, synovial fluid) from 251 patients in seven different hospitals. Each sample was treated according to the recommendations of the manufacturer. RESULTS: In all, 154 out of 164 (93.9%) samples negative in culture were negative with the mPCR. Among the 276 positive samples in culture, 251 (90.9%) were monomicrobial, of which 119 (47.4%) were positive with the mPCR, and 25 (9.1%) were polymicrobial, of which 12 (48%) were positive with the mPCR. The concordance rate of mPCR with culture was 58.1% (53.6%-62.7%) and the concordance rate with 16S rRNA PCR was 70.1% (65.5%-74.6%). CONCLUSION: This new standardized molecular test showed a lack of detection when the bacterial inoculum was low (number of positive media per sample and number of colonies per media) but can be useful when patients have received antibiotic therapy previously
Published: 2018

11. Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis in France: a point prevalence study in people screened for sexually transmitted diseases

Author: Dominique Decré, Paul O. Verhoeven, A.-L. Garand, Cécile Bébéar, H. Salord, Marie Kempf, M.-F. Prère, A. Beby-Defaux, Béatrice Berçot, M.-J. Carles, J. Petitjean-Lecherbonnier, Katy Jeannot, F. Moreau, N. Bourgeois, Sandrine Boisset, Sabine Pereyre, S.-A. Gibaud, C. Laurier Nadalie, C. Arfeuille, A. Grob, USC EA3671 Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux (UB), and CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Prevalence, mycoplasma genitalium, medicine.disease_cause, urologic and male genital diseases, human health, 0302 clinical medicine, Trichomonas Vaginitis, Mass Screening, maladie sexuellement transmissible, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Aged, 80 and over, biology, Coinfection, General Medicine, santé humaine, Middle Aged, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, Female, Sample collection, France, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, prevalence, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, pcr, Internal medicine, medicine, Trichomonas vaginalis, Humans, Mycoplasma Infections, Mass screening, Aged, Gynecology, business.industry, screening, Infant, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Objective Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis are common causes of sexually transmitted infections, but limited prevalence data are available in France. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of M. genitalium and T. vaginalis infections and to assess prevalence by gender, age, sample collection sites and clinical symptoms. A multicentre collection of specimens was intended to obtain a nationwide overview of the epidemiology. Methods Between September 2014 and January 2015, a total of 2652 consecutive urogenital specimens submitted to the microbiology diagnostic departments of 16 French university hospitals for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae detection were collected. M. genitalium and T. vaginalis prevalence were evaluated using a commercial real-time PCR kit. Clinical data from patients were anonymously collected. Results T. vaginalis and M. genitalium prevalence were 1.7% (95% confidence interval 1.3–2.4) and 3.4% (95% confidence interval 2.8–4.2), respectively, and did not differ between gender or age groups, except M. genitalium prevalence between men and women in the 35- to 44-year age group (5.9 vs. 1.5%; p 0.03). M. genitalium prevalence was significantly higher in patients receiving care in sexually transmitted infection clinics, abortion centres, family planning clinics and prisons than in gynaecologic, obstetric and reproduction centres (4.0 vs. 1.7%, p 0.009). Among M. genitalium – and T. vaginalis –positive patients, 70.9 and 61.5% were asymptomatic, respectively. Conclusions The low T. vaginalis prevalence does not justify systematic screening for this organism in France. Conversely, selective screening for M. genitalium may be warranted in care settings that receive presumably high-risk sexual behaviour patients, regardless of symptoms.
Published: 2017

12. Iterative fecal microbiota transplantations for eradicating digestive colonization with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: is it worth it?

Author: Rachel Chenouard, Marie Kempf, Hélène Pailhoriès, Diane Sanderink, Rafael Mahieu, Matthieu Eveillard, Vincent Dubée, Viviane Cassisa, ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Bactériologie [CHU Angers], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Angers], Bernardo, Elizabeth, and Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Hospital setting, 030106 microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biology, Microbiology, Mice, Random Allocation, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, medicine, Animals, Humans, Colonization, Public health, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Fecal microbiota, biology.organism_classification, Enterobacteriaceae, 3. Good health, Disease Models, Animal, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Infectious Diseases, Nursing homes
Abstract: International audience; Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) have emerged as a major source of bacterial resistance and their dissemination is a serious public health threat.1 It has also been demonstrated that those bacteria could disseminate outside the hospital setting. A large study including 34 hospitals in Spain demonstrated that a significant proportion of patients identified as colonized or infected with CPE during hospitalization probably acquired this multi-resistant organism in a nursing home during the period preceding their hospital admission.2 In addition, a recent review of the literature demonstrated that according to US-based studies, the percentage of CPE isolates that could be associated with the community ranged from 5.6 to 10.8%.3
Published: 2017

13. Impact of faecal microbiota transplantation on mouse digestive colonization with two extensively resistant bacteria

Author: Hélène Pailhoriès, Matthieu Eveillard, Rafael Mahieu, Marie Kempf, Delphine Hilliquin, Noémie Coron, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Viviane Cassisa, Bernardo, Elizabeth, ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire de Bactériologie [CHU Angers], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), The study was supported by INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) and by Angers University (programme «Année recherche 2015»)., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, 030106 microbiology, Enterococcus faecium, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 030501 epidemiology, Faecal microbiota transplantation, Microbiology, Mouse model, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, Mice, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Medicine, Animals, Colonization, Gram-positive bacterial infections, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium, biology, business.industry, Carbapenem-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Fecal bacteriotherapy, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, biology.organism_classification, Digestive colonization, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Resistant bacteria, Infectious Diseases, 0305 other medical science, business
Abstract: International audience; no abstract
Published: 2017

14. Stress Conditions Induced by Carvacrol and Cinnamaldehyde on Acinetobacter baumannii

Author: Patrick Saulnier, Marie Kempf, Elisabeth Rossines, Jérome Cayon, Angélique Montagu, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Univ Angers, Okina, Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles (MINT), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie en Santé (PHB-IRIS) [CHU Angers] (IBS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Eydopharma [Romorantin-Lanthenay], Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques (MINT), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Acinetobacter baumannii, defense mechanisms, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Microbiology, Cinnamaldehyde, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Carvacrol, Heat shock protein, Original Research, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, biology, cinnamaldehyde, biology.organism_classification, Catalase, GroEL, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Biochemistry, heat shock proteins, biology.protein, Reactive Oxygen Species, Bacteria
Abstract: International audience; Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a major cause of nosocomial infections. The ability of A. baumannii to display various resistance mechanisms against antibiotics has transformed it into a successful nosocomial pathogen. The limited number of antibiotics in development and the disengagement of the pharmaceutical industry have prompted the development of innovative strategies. One of these strategies is the use of essential oils, especially aromatic compounds that are potent antibacterial molecules. Among them, the combination of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde has already demonstrated antibacterial efficacy against A. baumannii. The aim of this study was to determine the biological effects of these two compounds in A. baumannii, describing their effect on the rRNA and gene regulation under environmental stress conditions. Results demonstrated rRNA degradation by the carvacrol/cinnamaldehyde mixture, and this effect was due to carvacrol. Degradation was conserved after encapsulation of the mixture in lipid nanocapsules. Results showed an upregulation of the genes coding for heat shock proteins, such as groES, groEL, dnaK, clpB, and the catalase katE, after exposure to carvacrol/cinnamaldehyde mixture. The catalase was upregulated after carvacrol exposure wich is related to an oxidative stress. The combination of thiourea (hydroxyl radical scavenger) and carvacrol demonstrated a potent bactericidal effect. These results underline the development of defense strategies of the bacteria by synthesis of reactive oxygen species in response to environmental stress conditions, such as carvacrol.
Published: 2016

15. First report of carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii carriage in pets from the community in France

Author: Carole Lemarié, Anaïs Hérivaux, Matthieu Eveillard, Marie Kempf, Hélène Pailhoriès, Nathalie Ruvoen, Catherine Quinqueneau, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Bernardo, Elizabeth, ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire de Bactériologie [CHU Angers] (Institut de Biologie en Santé), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), and Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), biology, 030106 microbiology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, General Medicine, Carbapenemase producing, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Acinetobacter baumannii, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Carriage, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Genotype, Multilocus sequence typing, Pharmacology (medical), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; no abstract
Published: 2016

16. Wide spread of OXA-23-producing carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii belonging to clonal complex II in different hospitals in Lebanon

Author: Carole Lemarié, Ahmad Al Atrouni, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Monzer Hamze, Marie Kempf, Tamima Jisr, Matthieu Eveillard, Bernardo, Elizabeth, ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement - LMSE [Tripoli, Lebanon] (Faculté de Santé Publique), Université Libanaise-Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie [Tripoli, Lebanon], Department of Clinical Laboratory [Beirut, Lebanon], Makassed General Hospital [Beirut, Lebanon], Laboratoire de Bactériologie [CHU Angers] (Institut de Biologie en Santé), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), This work was supported in part by the Lebanese University and the National Council for Scientific Research, Lebanon., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), clone (Java method), Acinetobacter baumannii, Carbapenem resistance, 030106 microbiology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Polymerase Chain Reaction, beta-Lactamases, DNA sequencing, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Humans, Lebanon, Clonal complex II, Molecular Epidemiology, Molecular epidemiology, biology, OXA-23, General Medicine, Acinetobacter, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, rpoB, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Hospitals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Carbapenems, Multilocus sequence typing, bacteria, Acinetobacter Infections, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: International audience; Objectives: To investigate the molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from different hospitals in Lebanon.Methods: A total of 119 non-duplicate Acinetobacter strains were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and partial rpoB gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method and all identified carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated by PCR assays for the presence of the carbapenemase-encoding genes. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were used for molecular typing.Results: Of the 119 A. baumannii isolates, 76.5% were resistant to carbapenems. The most common carbapenemase was the OXA-23-type, found in 82 isolates. The study of population structure using MLST revealed the presence of 30 sequence types (STs) including 18 new ones, with ST2 being the most commonly detected, accounting for 61% of the isolates typed. PFGE performed on all strains of ST2 identified a major cluster of 53 isolates, in addition to three other minor clusters and ten unique profiles.Conclusions: This study highlights the wide dissemination of highly related OXA-23-producing carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii belonging to the international clone II in Lebanon. Thus, appropriate infection control measures are recommended in order to control the geographical spread of this clone in this country.
Published: 2016

17. Retrospective detection of the hidden spread of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a French teaching hospital

Author: Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Marie Kempf, Matthieu Eveillard, Carole Lemarié, Hélène Pailhoriès, Chetaou Mahaza, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), and Bernardo, Elizabeth
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Klebsiella pneumoniae, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, beta-Lactamases, Teaching hospital, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Hospitals, Teaching, Intensive care medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Retrospective Studies, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Klebsiella Infections, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, business
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

18. Buruli Ulcer in South Western Nigeria : A Retrospective Cohort Study of Patients Treated in Benin

Author: Marie Kempf, Ambroise Adeye, Estelle Marion, Laurent Marsollier, Kevin Carolan, Annick Chauty, Bernardo, Elizabeth, Centre de Diagnostic et de Traitement de l'Ulcère de Buruli [Pobè, Bénin] (Fondation Raoul Follereau), ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Bactériologie et d'Hygiène Hospitalière [CHU Angers], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), This study was supported by the Fondation Raoul Follereau, the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm, Programme Inserm Avenir) and by the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites., Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: Buruli ulcer, Male, Pediatrics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geographical Locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, Global health, Medicine and Health Sciences, Benin, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Child, skin and connective tissue diseases, Buruli Ulcer, biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Female, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Adolescent, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, Nigeria, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Signs and Symptoms, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Retrospective cohort study, lcsh:RA1-1270, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Tropical Diseases, bacterial infections and mycoses, Large cohort, Surgery, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, People and Places, Africa, Lesions, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business
Abstract: Nigeria is known to be endemic to Buruli ulcer, but epidemiological data are remarkably rare. Here, we present a large cohort of 127 PCR-confirmed M. ulcerans infection patients coming from Nigeria and treated in a neighbouring country, Benin. Severe lesions and delay of consultation are factors that should encourage establishment of a treatment centre in South Western Nigeria., Author Summary Buruli ulcer is known to be endemic to Nigeria since at least 1967, however epidemiological data are rare and incomplete. In total, only 51 Buruli ulcer patients were described in 45 years, all found in Southern Nigeria. This is likely a result of the lack of adequate public health structures dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of Buruli ulcer in the region. Here, we report a large cohort of 127 PCR-confirmed Nigerian patients treated in neighbouring Benin. Nigerian patients presented mainly severe lesions of Buruli ulcer, and this is linked by the fact that period prior consultation is delayed (24% of the patients waited more than one year between the beginning of the lesion and the consultation in the Buruli ulcer treatment centre in Pobè). We identify South Western Nigeria as an important endemic area for Buruli ulcer, and believe our results will be of importance to Nigerian health authorities, the World Health Organisation and NGO's involved in management of Buruli ulcer.
Published: 2015

19. Design and stability study of a paediatric oral solution of methotrexate 2mg/ml

Author: Frédéric Lagarce, Marie Kempf, Thomas Briot, Aurélie Launay, Sandy Vrignaud, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques (MINT), and Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)
Subjects: Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic, Hot Temperature, Stability study, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pharmaceutical Science, Administration, Oral, High-performance liquid chromatography, Pediatrics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Liquid oral, Drug Stability, medicine, Humans, Child, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Sodium bicarbonate, Chromatography, Bacteria, Chemistry, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Pharmaceutical Solutions, Methotrexate, Drug Design, Taste, Forced degradation, Drug Contamination, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; Oral paediatric forms development by pharmaceutical industry is still insufficient. The present study was performed to propose an adapted and pleasant formulation of liquid oral formulation of MTX. The solution is composed of injectable methotrexate, water, Ora Sweet(®) and sodium bicarbonate. After 120 days storage, pH remained stable at about 8 in all formulations, insuring no risk of MTX precipitation. MTX content in solution formulation, determined by high performance liquid chromatography measurements, remained in the specifications of >90% of the initial concentration when stored at 4 and 25°C. Forced degradation of MTX by heat and acidic conditions allowed formation and detection of degradation products by the analytical method. Microbial study of the preparation shows that the solution remains in the specifications during all the storage, or after one sample each week during one month, eventually indicating the microbial properties are not affected by patient use. To conclude, we here propose a new MTX liquid formulation stable for at least 120 days.
Published: 2015

20. Decline in antibiotic resistance and changes in the serotype distribution of [i]Streptococcus pneumoniae[/i] isolates from children with acute otitis media; a 2001-2011 survey by the French Pneumococcal Network

Author: Thierry Fosse, Tahar Hadou, Frédéric Wallet, Marie Kempf, J-L Koeck, Regine Baraduc, S. Luce, Véronique Vernet-Garnier, Julie Cremniter, Laurent Gutmann, Marie-Cécile Ploy, François Dalmay, Emmanuelle Varon, Michel Vergnaud, B. Soullié, Michel Brun, Hubert Chardon, Christine Segonds, M-C Demachy, Isabelle Patry, Carole Grélaud, Philippe Lanotte, Farida Hamdad, Alain Ros, J. Raymond, Jacques Croizé, D. Tandé, S. Mermond, André Pechinot, Agnes Lepoutre, Alain Gravet, Service de Bactériologie, Virologie, Hygiène [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Centre National de Référence des Pneumocoques (CNRP), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Unité Fonctionnelle de Recherche Clinique et de Biostatistique (UFRCB), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), UR Infectiologie animale et Santé publique (UR IASP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Serotype, Cefotaxime, pneumococcal vaccine, French regional observatories, Epidemiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Drug resistance, Biology, Serogroup, medicine.disease_cause, complex mixtures, Pneumococcal Infections, Microbiology, Pneumococcal Vaccines, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antibiotic resistance, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0303 health sciences, Otitis Media with Effusion, 030306 microbiology, Incidence, General Medicine, Amoxicillin, Virology, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Penicillin, Otitis Media, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Pneumococcal vaccine, France, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of acute otitis media (AOM). The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in antibiotic resistance and circulating serotypes of pneumococci isolated from middle ear fluid of French children with AOM during the period 2001–2011, before and after the introduction of the PCV-7 (2003) and PCV-13 (2010) vaccines. Between 2001 and 2011 the French pneumococcal surveillance network analysed the antibiotic susceptibility of 6683 S. pneumoniae isolated from children with AOM, of which 1569 were serotyped. We observed a significant overall increase in antibiotic susceptibility. Respective resistance (I+R) rates in 2001 and 2011 were 76.9% and 57.3% for penicillin, 43.0% and 29.8% for amoxicillin, and 28.6% and 13.0% for cefotaxime. We also found a marked reduction in vaccine serotypes after PCV-7 implementation, from 63.0% in 2001 to 13.2% in 2011, while the incidence of the additional six serotypes included in PCV-13 increased during the same period, with a particularly high proportion of 19A isolates. The proportion of some non-PCV-13 serotypes also increased between 2001 and 2011, especially 15A and 23A. Before PCV-7 implementation, most (70.8%) penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci belonged to PCV-7 serotypes, whereas in 2011, 56.8% of penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci belonged to serotype 19A. Between 2001 and 2011, antibiotic resistance among pneumococci responsible for AOM in France fell markedly, and PCV-7 serotypes were replaced by non-PCV-7 serotypes, especially 19A. We are continuing to assess the impact of PCV-13, introduced in France in 2010, on pneumococcal serotype circulation and antibiotic resistance.
Published: 2015

21. Molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii in different hospitals in Tripoli, Lebanon using bla(OXA-51-like) sequence based typing

Author: Fouad Dabboussi, Hélène Pailhoriès, Monzer Hamze, Matthieu Eveillard, Hassan Mallat, Marie Kempf, Rayane Rafei, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Bernardo, Elizabeth, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Acinetobacter baumannii, Genotype, Sequence analysis, Carbapenem resistance, Molecular Sequence Data, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, NDM-1, Microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, beta-Lactamases, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, polycyclic compounds, Humans, Lebanon, Etest, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Cross Infection, Molecular Epidemiology, Molecular epidemiology, OXA-23, 030306 microbiology, Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Hospitals, 3. Good health, Multiple drug resistance, Molecular Typing, Parasitology, blaOXA-51 sequence based typing, Multilocus sequence typing, bacteria, Acinetobacter Infections, Research Article, MLST
Abstract: A. baumannii has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen with an outstanding ability to acquire multidrug resistant mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the molecular epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms of A. baumannii in Tripoli, Northern Lebanon. One hundred sixteen non-duplicate isolates isolated between 2011 and 2013 in different hospitals in Tripoli, Lebanon from Lebanese patients and wounded Syrian patients during Syrian war were studied. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined by agar disc diffusion and Etest. Carbapenemase-encoding genes were investigated by PCR. All isolates were typed by bla OXA-51-like sequence based typing (SBT) and 57 isolates were also analysed by MLST using Pasteur’s scheme followed by eBURST analysis. Of the 116 isolates, 70 (60 %) showed a carbapenem resistance phenotype. The bla OXA-23 with an upstream insertion of ISAba1 was the major carbapenem resistance mechanism and detected in 65 isolates. Five isolates, including four from wounded Syrian patients and one from a Lebanese patient, were positive for bla NDM-1. bla OXA-51-like SBT revealed the presence of 14 variants, where bla OXA-66 was the most common and present in 73 isolates, followed by bla OXA-69 in 20 isolates. MLST analysis identified 17 sequence types (ST) and showed a concordance with bla OXA-51-like SBT. Each clonal complex (CC) had a specific bla OXA-51-like sequence such as CC2, which harboured bla OXA-66 variant, and CC1 harbouring bla OXA-69 variant. NDM-1 producing isolates belonged to ST85 (4 Syrian isolates) and ST25 (1 Lebanese isolate). Our results showed a successful predominance of international clone 2 with a widespread occurrence of OXA-23 carbapenemase in Lebanese hospitals. These findings emphasise the urgent need of effective measures to control the spread of A. baumannii in this country.
Published: 2015

22. Extra-human epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii in Lebanon

Author: Matthieu Eveillard, Fouad Dabboussi, Rayane Rafei, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Laurent Marsollier, Monzer Hamze, Marie Kempf, Hélène Pailhoriès, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)
Subjects: Acinetobacter baumannii, DNA, Bacterial, Genotype, Sequence analysis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Population, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbial Ecology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, Typing, Lebanon, education, Genotyping, Soil Microbiology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Ecology, 030306 microbiology, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, rpoB, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Molecular Typing, Food Microbiology, Multilocus sequence typing, Cattle, Water Microbiology, Acinetobacter Infections, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract: The presence of Acinetobacter baumannii outside hospitals is still a controversial issue. The objective of our study was to explore the extrahospital epidemiology of A. baumannii in Lebanon. From February 2012 to October 2013, a total of 73 water samples, 51 soil samples, 37 raw cow milk samples, 50 cow meat samples, 7 raw cheese samples, and 379 animal samples were analyzed by cultural methods for the presence of A. baumannii . Species identification was performed by rpoB gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated, and the A. baumannii population was studied by two genotyping approaches: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and bla OXA-51 sequence-based typing (SBT). A. baumannii was detected in 6.9% of water samples, 2.7% of milk samples, 8.0% of meat samples, 14.3% of cheese samples, and 7.7% of animal samples. All isolates showed a susceptible phenotype against most of the antibiotics tested and lacked carbapenemase-encoding genes, except one that harbored a bla OXA-143 gene. MLST analysis revealed the presence of 36 sequence types (STs), among which 24 were novel STs reported for the first time in this study. bla OXA-51 SBT showed the presence of 34 variants, among which 21 were novel and all were isolated from animal origins. Finally, 30 isolates had new partial rpoB sequences and were considered putative new Acinetobacter species. In conclusion, animals can be a potential reservoir for A. baumannii and the dissemination of new emerging carbapenemases. The roles of the novel animal clones identified in community-acquired infections should be investigated.
Published: 2015

23. Evaluation of 16S rRNA gene PCR sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection: a prospective multicenter cross-sectional study

Author: Christophe Burucoa, Bruno Giraudeau, Pascale Bémer, Chloé Plouzeau, Anne Jolivet-Gougeon, Geneviève Héry-Arnaud, Roland Quentin, Marie Kempf, Julie Léger, Laurent Bret, Sophie Gibaud, Louis Bernard, Carine Coffre, Didier Tandé, Marie Emmanuelle Juvin, Pascal Vincent, Stéphane Corvec, Anne Sophie Valentin, Gonzague de Pinieux, Carole Lemarié, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Department of Microbiology, CHU Hôtel-Dieu, CIC - Tours, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Pharmacochimie des substances naturelles et pharmacophores redox, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Microbiologie : Risques Infectieux, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Rennes-Faculté d'Odontologie-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections (EA 3826) (EA 3826), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Génétique, immunothérapie, chimie et cancer (GICC), UMR 7292 CNRS [2012-2017] (GICC UMR 7292 CNRS), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Trousseau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Institut franco-allemand de recherches de Saint-Louis (ISL), DGA, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, CHU de Poitiers, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), French Ministry of Health (Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique Interregionale) API/N/041 - Centre de Reference des Infections Osteo-articulaires du Grand Ouest (CRIOGO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Rennes (UR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes - UFR d'Odontologie (UR Odontologie), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Adult, DNA, Bacterial, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, MICROBIOLOGY, Prosthesis-Related Infections, Cross-sectional study, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Skin flora, DNA, Ribosomal, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, law.invention, law, Internal medicine, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Osteoarthritis, medicine, MANAGEMENT, Humans, Prospective Studies, ARTHROPLASTY, Prospective cohort study, Gene, Polymerase chain reaction, Aged, HIP, biology, BROAD-RANGE PCR, Bacteriology, AMPLIFICATION, Perioperative, Bacterial Infections, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, 16S ribosomal RNA, Arthroplasty, SONICATION, 3. Good health, Surgery, REVISION, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Female, KNEE, BONE
Abstract: There is no standard method for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The contribution of 16S rRNA gene PCR sequencing on a routine basis remains to be defined. We performed a prospective multicenter study to assess the contributions of 16S rRNA gene assays in PJI diagnosis. Over a 2-year period, all patients suspected to have PJIs and a few uninfected patients undergoing primary arthroplasty (control group) were included. Five perioperative samples per patient were collected for culture and 16S rRNA gene PCR sequencing and one for histological examination. Three multicenter quality control assays were performed with both DNA extracts and crushed samples. The diagnosis of PJI was based on clinical, bacteriological, and histological criteria, according to Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. A molecular diagnosis was modeled on the bacteriological criterion (≥1 positive sample for strict pathogens and ≥2 for commensal skin flora). Molecular data were analyzed according to the diagnosis of PJI. Between December 2010 and March 2012, 264 suspected cases of PJI and 35 control cases were included. PJI was confirmed in 215/264 suspected cases, 192 (89%) with a bacteriological criterion. The PJIs were monomicrobial (163 cases [85%]; staphylococci, n = 108; streptococci, n = 22; Gram-negative bacilli, n = 16; anaerobes, n = 13; others, n = 4) or polymicrobial (29 cases [15%]). The molecular diagnosis was positive in 151/215 confirmed cases of PJI (143 cases with bacteriological PJI documentation and 8 treated cases without bacteriological documentation) and in 2/49 cases without confirmed PJI (sensitivity, 73.3%; specificity, 95.5%). The 16S rRNA gene PCR assay showed a lack of sensitivity in the diagnosis of PJI on a multicenter routine basis.
Published: 2014

24. First report of blaNDM-1-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in Lebanon from civilians wounded during the Syrian war

Author: Hassan Mallat, Rayane Rafei, Jean-Marc Rolain, Monzer Hamze, Matthieu Eveillard, Fouad Dabboussi, Marie Kempf, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Carole Lemarié, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), and Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, Acinetobacter baumannii, Adolescent, Multidrug-resistant bacteria, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gene Expression, Wounds, Penetrating, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, NDM-1, beta-Lactam Resistance, beta-Lactamases, Microbiology, Young Adult, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, polycyclic compounds, Humans, Typing, Lebanon, Etest, Ethnic Violence, Single cluster, biology, Infant, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Multidrug resistant bacteria, Infectious Diseases, Carbapenems, Syrian civil war, Multilocus sequence typing, bacteria, Female, Acinetobacter Infections, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Plasmids
Abstract: International audience; ObjectivesThe emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has been observed worldwide. We describe the first detection of A. baumannii carrying the blaNDM-1 gene in Lebanon, isolated from Syrian patients wounded during the civil war.MethodsFour carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains isolated in 2012 in the Tripoli Government Hospital, Lebanon, from civilians wounded during the Syrian war, were analysed. Susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion testing, and resistance to carbapenems was confirmed by Etest. The presence of blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24-like, blaOXA-58-like, blaOXA-143-like, and blaNDM was investigated by PCR. Clonal relationships were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and blaOXA-51 sequence-based typing.ResultsAll isolates harboured the blaNDM-1 gene and were negative for other tested carbapenemases. They all belonged to the sequence type 85 and formed a single cluster by PFGE. Finally, blaOXA-51-like gene sequencing revealed the presence of the blaOXA-94 variant in all four isolates.ConclusionThese findings show that Syria constitutes a reservoir for NDM-1-producing bacteria. These results also highlight the need for effective measures to stop the threatening spread of such strains.
Published: 2014

25. ARG-ANNOT, a New Bioinformatic Tool To Discover Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacterial Genomes

Author: Jean-Marc Rolain, Sushim K. Gupta, Marie Kempf, Babu Roshan Padmanabhan, Rafael López-Rojas, Seydina M. Diene, Luce Landraud, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), and Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: Pharmacology, Enzyme Gene, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bacterial genome size, biology.organism_classification, Genome, Bacterial genetics, Acinetobacter baumannii, 03 medical and health sciences, Infectious Diseases, Mechanisms of Resistance, GenBank, Microbial genetics, Pharmacology (medical), Gene, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: ARG-ANNOT (Antibiotic Resistance Gene-ANNOTation) is a new bioinformatic tool that was created to detect existing and putative new antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in bacterial genomes. ARG-ANNOT uses a local BLAST program in Bio-Edit software that allows the user to analyze sequences without a Web interface. All AR genetic determinants were collected from published works and online resources; nucleotide and protein sequences were retrieved from the NCBI GenBank database. After building a database that includes 1,689 antibiotic resistance genes, the software was tested in a blind manner using 100 random sequences selected from the database to verify that the sensitivity and specificity were at 100% even when partial sequences were queried. Notably, BLAST analysis results obtained using the rmtF gene sequence (a new aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme gene sequence that is not included in the database) as a query revealed that the tool was able to link this sequence to short sequences (17 to 40 bp) found in other genes of the rmt family with significant E values. Finally, the analysis of 178 Acinetobacter baumannii and 20 Staphylococcus aureus genomes allowed the detection of a significantly higher number of AR genes than the Resfinder gene analyzer and 11 point mutations in target genes known to be associated with AR. The average time for the analysis of a genome was 3.35 ± 0.13 min. We have created a concise database for BLAST using a Bio-Edit interface that can detect AR genetic determinants in bacterial genomes and can rapidly and easily discover putative new AR genetic determinants.
Published: 2014

26. Molecular Analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated in Lebanon Using Four Different Typing Methods

Author: Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Marie Kempf, Rima Moghnieh, Fouad Dabboussi, Marie-Pierre Gaultier, Hassan Mallat, Rayane Rafei, Monzer Hamze, Rola Husni-Samaha, Carole Lemarié, Matthieu Eveillard, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), and Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacterial Diseases, Sequence analysis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Research and Analysis Methods, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, law, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Genotype, Medicine and Health Sciences, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, polycyclic compounds, Humans, Medicine, Typing, Lebanon, Molecular Biology Techniques, lcsh:Science, Molecular Biology, Polymerase chain reaction, Genetics, Molecular Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary, Molecular epidemiology, biology, business.industry, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, 3. Good health, Biotechnology, Infectious Diseases, Carbapenems, Multilocus sequence typing, bacteria, lcsh:Q, business, Acinetobacter Infections, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; This study analyzed 42 Acinetobacter baumannii strains collected between 2009–2012 from different hospitals in Beyrouth and North Lebanon to better understand the epidemiology and carbapenem resistance mechanisms in our collection and to compare the robustness of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and blaOXA-51 sequence-based typing (SBT). Among 31 carbapenem resistant strains, we have detected three carbapenem resistance genes: 28 carried the blaOXA-23 gene, 1 the blaOXA-24 gene and 2 strains the blaOXA-58 gene. This is the first detection of blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-24 in Lebanon. PFGE identified 11 types and was the most discriminating technique followed by rep-PCR (9 types), blaOXA-51 SBT (8 types) and MLST (7 types). The PFGE type A'/ST2 was the dominant genotype in our collection present in Beyrouth and North Lebanon. The clustering agreement between all techniques was measured by adjust Wallace coefficient. An overall agreement has been demonstrated. High values of adjust Wallace coefficient were found with followed combinations: PFGE to predict MLST types = 100%, PFGE to predict blaOXA-51 SBT = 100%, blaOXA-51 SBT to predict MLST = 100%, MLST to predict blaOXA-51 SBT = 84.7%, rep-PCR to predict MLST = 81.5%, PFGE to predict rep-PCR = 69% and rep-PCR to predict blaOXA-51 SBT = 67.2%. PFGE and MLST are gold standard methods for outbreaks investigation and population structure studies respectively. Otherwise, these two techniques are technically, time and cost demanding. We recommend the use of blaOXA-51 SBT as first typing method to screen isolates and assign them to their corresponding clonal lineages. Repetitive sequence-based PCR is a rapid tool to access outbreaks but careful interpretation of results must be always performed.
Published: 2014

27. Buruli Ulcer Disease in Republic of the Congo

Author: Damas Obvala, Kingsley Asiedu, Marie Kempf, Estelle Marion, Laurent Marsollier, Jérémie Babonneau, Fondation Raoul Follereau [Pobe, Benin], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), and World Health Organization [Geneva]
Subjects: Male, Buruli ulcer, Congo Brazzaville, Letter, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, Neglected Diseases, Buruli Ulcer Disease, tropical disease, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Congo, Child, Preschool, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Epidemiological Monitoring, Streptomycin, Female, Leprosy, Rifampin, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Republic of the Congo, Adolescent, Disease cluster, World health, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Letters to the Editor, skin disease, Bacteria, business.industry, lcsh:R, Tropical disease, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Dermatology, Surgery, business, necrotic disease
Abstract: To the Editor: Buruli ulcer, which is caused by the Mycobacterium ulcerans bacterium, is a severe disabling necrotic disease of the skin, occurring mainly in swampy rural areas of western and central Africa. This tropical disease is neglected, despite being the third most common mycobacterial disease of humans, after tuberculosis and leprosy. The disease has become substantially more frequent over the past decade, particularly around the Gulf of Guinea, and has been detected or suspected in at least 31 countries (1). Clinical diagnosis of Buruli ulcer disease should be confirmed by PCR, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO); and case-patients should be treated with rifampin/streptomycin daily for 8 weeks (therapy available since 2004), combined, if necessary, with surgery. Although confirmed cases of Buruli ulcer disease have been reported in all countries neighboring the Republic of the Congo (hereafter called Congo) (2–4), only 1 report of a confirmed case in Congo has been published (5) (Figure, panel A). During 2007–2012, a total of 573 clinical cases of Buruli ulcer disease were reported to WHO by the National Leprosy, Buruli Ulcer and Yaws Control Program in Congo. We report 108 cases (19% of all cases reported) that were confirmed, in accordance with WHO recommendations, by quantitative PCR, the most sensitive and specific testing method available (6). Figure Buruli ulcer–endemic areas in the Republic of the Congo (RC) and neighboring countries. A) Buruli ulcer cases have been reported in all countries neighboring RC. CAR, Central African Republic; DR Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo. B) RC ... The National Leprosy, Buruli Ulcer, and Yaws Control Program, with the support of the Raoul Follereau Foundation (Paris, France), performed passive and active surveillance of Buruli ulcer in Congo during 2007–2012. Fine-needle aspirate or swab samples were obtained from patients with suspected Buruli ulcer and sent to Angers University Hospital (Angers, France) for confirmation by quantitative PCR as described (6,7). Of the 283 samples analyzed, 114 (40%) from 108 different patients were PCR positive. Of the 114 PCR-positive samples, 20 (18%) were fine-needle aspirate samples and 94 (82%) were swab samples (at least 2 swabs/lesion). The 108 case-patients included 60 (56%) female and 48 (44%) male patients; 56% of the case-patients were
Published: 2014

28. Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer) in Mali, a new potential African endemic country

Author: Didier Bessis, Marie Kempf, Laurent Marsollier, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), ATOMycA (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 6), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Univ Angers, Okina, and Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)
Subjects: Buruli ulcer, biology, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Osteomyelitis, Dermatology, General Medicine, Disease, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Mali, Virology, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Lower Extremity, Mycobacterium ulcerans, medicine, Humans, Female, business, Child, Buruli Ulcer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2014

29. Emergence of the OXA-23 carbapenemase-encoding gene in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from the Principal Hospital of Dakar, Senegal

Author: Seydina M. Diene, Jean-Marc Rolain, Boubacar Wade, Birahim Niang, Marie Kempf, Kowry Sow, Didier Raoult, Florence Fenollar, Bécaye Fall, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), and Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: Acinetobacter baumannii, Male, Microbiology (medical), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Drug resistance, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, beta-Lactam Resistance, beta-Lactamases, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Bacterial Proteins, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, polycyclic compounds, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Gene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, Middle Aged, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, Hospitals, Senegal, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Infectious Diseases, Carbapenems, bacteria, Female, Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter Infections
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2013

30. Real-time sequencing to decipher the molecular mechanism of resistance of a clinical pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate from Marseille, France

Author: Didier Raoult, Jean-Marc Rolain, Catherine Robert, Marie Kempf, Gregory Gimenez, Seydina M. Diene, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), and Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: Acinetobacter baumannii, Sequence analysis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Drug Resistance, Drug resistance, Chromosomes, Bacterial genetics, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Bacterial Proteins, Mechanisms of Resistance, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, medicine, polycyclic compounds, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Colistin, Bacterial, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Chromosomes, Bacterial, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, rpoB, bacterial infections and mycoses, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Infectious Diseases, bacteria, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), France, Rifampin, Multiple, Sequence Analysis, medicine.drug, Acinetobacter Infections, Transcription Factors
Abstract: We compare the whole-genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates recovered in the same patient before (ABIsac_ColiS susceptible to colistin and rifampin only) and after (ABIsac_ColiR resistant to colistin and rifampin) treatment with colistin and rifampin. We decipher all the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, and we found mutations in the rpoB gene and in the PmrAB two-component system explaining resistance to rifampin and colistin in ABIsac_ColiR, respectively.
Published: 2013

31. Discovery of Q203, a potent clinical candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis

Author: Taegwon Oh, Young-Mi Kim, Dongsik Park, Yoojin Cho, Seung-Ae Yim, Priscille Brodin, Honggun Lee, Jan Jiricek, Zaesung No, Victoria Jones, Sang Nae Cho, Sujin Ahn, Ryangyeo Kim, Thierry Christophe, Se Yeon Kim, Seungbin Lim, Min Jung Seo, Pablo Bifani, Sung-Jun Han, Haejin Kwon, Seijin Park, Jonathan Cechetto, Jiyoun Nam, Junghwan Kim, Hee Kyoung Jeon, Jaeseung Kim, René Wintjens, John R. Walker, Mooyoung Seo, Jungjun Kim, Sunhee Kang, Adeline C. Y. Chua, Anne J. Lenaerts, Hang Ohuong Pham, Hwankyu Kang, Inhee Choi, Mary Jackson, Kevin Pethe, Kiyean Nam, Yoonae Ko, Yunhee Jang, Saeyeon Lee, Whitney Barnes, Ulf Nehrbass, Mahesh Nanjundappa, Sylvie Alonso, Bee Huat Tan, Marie Kempf, Srinivasa P. S. Rao, Ju-Young Jung, Soohyun Oh, Jichan Jang, Jinhwa Lee, Chun-Taek Oh, Jeong Jea Seo, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), and Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: Drug, Tuberculosis, medicine.drug_class, Pyridines, media_common.quotation_subject, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antibiotics, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Drug resistance, Disease, Pharmacology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, Electron Transport Complex III, Mice, Adenosine Triphosphate, Piperidines, Pandemic, medicine, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Cell Proliferation, 0303 health sciences, Mice, Inbred BALB C, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Imidazoles, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Rats, Clinical trial, Disease Models, Animal, business
Abstract: International audience; New therapeutic strategies are needed to combat the tuberculosis pandemic and the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) forms of the disease, which remain a serious public health challenge worldwide1, 2. The most urgent clinical need is to discover potent agents capable of reducing the duration of MDR and XDR tuberculosis therapy with a success rate comparable to that of current therapies for drug-susceptible tuberculosis. The last decade has seen the discovery of new agent classes for the management of tuberculosis3, 4, 5, several of which are currently in clinical trials6, 7, 8. However, given the high attrition rate of drug candidates during clinical development and the emergence of drug resistance, the discovery of additional clinical candidates is clearly needed. Here, we report on a promising class of imidazopyridine amide (IPA) compounds that block Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth by targeting the respiratory cytochrome bc1 complex. The optimized IPA compound Q203 inhibited the growth of MDR and XDR M. tuberculosis clinical isolates in culture broth medium in the low nanomolar range and was efficacious in a mouse model of tuberculosis at a dose less than 1 mg per kg body weight, which highlights the potency of this compound. In addition, Q203 displays pharmacokinetic and safety profiles compatible with once-daily dosing. Together, our data indicate that Q203 is a promising new clinical candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Published: 2013

32. Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii in human head and body lice from Ethiopia and identification of new genotypes

Author: Georges Diatta, Marie Kempf, Alemseged Abdissa, Jean-François Trape, Emmanouil Angelakis, Oleg Mediannikov, Didier Raoult, Bernard La Scola, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Unité de Pathogénie Afro-Tropicale, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Acinetobacter baumannii, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Polymerase Chain Reaction, Body lice, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Genotype, skin and connective tissue diseases, Polymerase chain reaction, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Pediculus, General Medicine, Lice Infestations, rpoB gene, 3. Good health, DNA-Binding Proteins, Infectious Diseases, Healthy individuals, Head lice, Female, recA, Acinetobacter Infections, DNA, Bacterial, Microbiology (medical), Molecular Sequence Data, 030231 tropical medicine, Microbiology, recA genotyping, 03 medical and health sciences, Bacterial Proteins, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, Base sequence, Amino Acid Sequence, Acinetobacter sp, Human lice, Base Sequence, 030306 microbiology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Rec A Recombinases, genotyping, bacteria, Ethiopia
Abstract: Summary Background Acinetobacter baumannii has previously been detected and genotyped in human body lice. The objectives of this study were to determine the presence of this bacterium in head and body lice collected from healthy individuals in Ethiopia by molecular methods and to characterize the genotype. Methods Human lice from locations at different altitudes in Ethiopia were screened for the presence of Acinetobacter sp by targeting the rpo B gene. Acinetobacter baumannii was detected and genotyped using rec A PCR amplification. Results A total of 115 head and 109 body lice were collected from 134 healthy individuals. Acinetobacter sp were found in 54 head (47%) and 77 body (71%) lice. The rec A gene was sequenced for 60 of the Acinetobacter sp and 67% were positive for A. baumannii ; genotype 1 was retrieved the most frequently. Conclusion Our study is the first to show the presence of A. baumannii in human body lice, and also in head lice, in Ethiopia.
Published: 2012

33. Cell surface properties of two differently virulent strains of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from a patient

Author: Harald Seifert, Caroline Deshayes, Marie Kempf, Matthieu Eveillard, Corinne Lefrançois, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Guillaume Bastiat, Sonia Georgeault, Sarah Ghamrawi, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques (MINT), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University
Subjects: Acinetobacter baumannii, Catheters, Surface Properties, Virulence Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Cell, Virulence, Biology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Bacterial Adhesion, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology, Bacterial Capsules, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, General Medicine, Acinetobacter, biology.organism_classification, Pathogenicity, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biofilms, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this study was to unravel, by focusing on cell surface properties, the underlying virulence factors contributing to the difference in the pathogenicity observed in two Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from the same patient. The two strains were phenotypically different: (i) a mucoid strain (AB-M), highly virulent in a mouse model of pneumonia, and (ii) a nonmucoid strain (AB-NM), moderately virulent in the same model. The study of the cell surface properties included the microbial adhesion to solvents method, the measurement of the electrophoretic mobility of bacteria, the analysis of biofilm formation by calcofluor white staining, the adherence to silicone catheters, and scanning electron microscopy. The AB-NM strain was more hydrophobic, more adherent to silicone catheters, and produced more biofilm than the AB-M strain. Scanning electron microscopy showed bacterial cells with a rough surface and the formation of large cell clusters for AB-NM whereas the AB-M strain had a smooth surfa..., Le but de cette etude était d’étudier, en se focalisant sur les propriétés de surface des bactéries, des caractères potentiellement impliqués dans la différence de pouvoir pathogène de deux souches d’Acinetobacter baumannii isolées chez un même patient. Ces souches étaient phénotypiquement différentes : une souche mucoïde (AB-M) caractérisée par un pouvoir pathogène élevé dans un modèle expérimental murin de pneumopathie, et une souche non mucoïde (AB-NM), plus faiblement pathogène dans le même modèle. L’étude des propriétés de surface a utilisé la méthode d’adhésion des bactéries aux solvants, la mesure de la mobilité électrophorétique des bactéries, l’analyse de la formation de biofilm par marquage au calcofluor, l’adhésion à des cathéters en silicone, et la microscopie électronique à balayage. La souche AB-NM est apparue plus hydrophobe, plus adhérente aux cathéters, et plus productrice de biofilm que la souche AB-M. L’observation en microscopie électronique à balayage a montré des bactéries à surface ...
Published: 2012

34. Activité in vitro de la tigécycline vis-à-vis de 760 souches bactériennes isolées au CHU d’Angers–le programme TEST 2006–2009

Author: Marie Kempf, Céline Bris, G. Auger, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, F. Kowalczyk, Matthieu Eveillard, Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire et Mitochondriale (MITOVASC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), and Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Tigécycline, 030306 microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Medicine, Résistance bactérienne, Biology, TEST programme, Molecular biology, Programme TEST, Bacterial resistance, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Étude longitudinale, 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal study
Abstract: International audience; Tigecycline (TGC), an antibiotic belonging to glycylcyclines, is active against Gram-positive bacteria, including multi-resistant bacteria, and most of the Gram-negative bacteria, including extended spectrum β-lactamase-producers (ESBL) and Acinetobacter sp. TGC is not active on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The microbiological laboratory from the university hospital of Angers participates in the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (TEST) since 2006. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of TGC and of various comparators against nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens. We also evaluated the effectiveness of TGC on a panel of strains isolated between 2006and 2009in the university hospital of Angers. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using the microdilution method. A total of 760clinical strains were tested. TGC had a very good activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with 100% of susceptibility for all the strains tested, irrespective of their resistance profile. Concerning Gram-negative bacteria, TGC was active against 93% of Enterobacteriaceae, with a MIC 90not exceeding 2 mg/L. Whole of the 20strains ESBL-producers tested were susceptible to TGC. Acinetobacter sp. were also inhibited at low concentrations of TGC, with a MIC 90of 1 mg/L. These results suggest that TGC can be a useful therapeutic alternative, especially for infections involving multirésistant bacteria.; La tigécycline (TGC), antibiotique de la famille des glycylcyclines, possède un spectre d’activité sur les bactéries à Gram positif, y compris multirésistantes, et sur la plupart des bactéries à Gram négatif, dont les entérobactéries produisant une β-lactamase à spectre étendu (BLSE) et Acinetobacter sp. Son spectre d’activité n’inclut pas Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Le laboratoire de bactériologie du CHU d’Angers participe depuis 2006au programme mondial de surveillance Tigecycline Evaluation Surveillance Trial (TEST), dont le but est d’évaluer l’efficacité de la TGC et de différents comparateurs vis-à-vis d’agents pathogènes d’origine nosocomiale ou communautaire. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’évaluer l’efficacité de la TGC sur un panel de souches isolées entre 2006et 2009au CHU d’Angers. Les concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) des antibiotiques ont été déterminées par dilution en microplaques. Au total, 760isolats cliniques ont été testés. La TGC présentait une très bonne activité in vitro sur les bactéries à Gram positif, avec 100% de sensibilité pour toutes les souches testées et cela indépendamment de leur profil de résistance. Concernant les bactéries à Gram négatif, la TGC était active sur 93% des Enterobacteriaceae, avec des CMI 90inférieures ou égales à 2 mg/L. Parmi les 20souches produisant une BLSE, toutes étaient sensibles à la TGC. Les bactéries du genre Acinetobacter étaient également inhibées à des concentrations faibles de TGC, avec une CMI 90de 1 mg/L. Ces résultats semblent montrer que la TGC représente une alternative intéressante, notamment dans le traitement des infections à bactéries multirésistantes.
Published: 2012

35. Synergistic activity of sulbactam combined with colistin against colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

Author: Didier Raoult, Lamia Djouhri-Bouktab, Jean Michel Brunel, Marie Kempf, Jean-Marc Rolain, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Univ Angers, Okina, and Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Acinetobacter baumannii, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Antibiotics, Bacteremia, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Antibacterial agent, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Colistin, Drug Synergism, General Medicine, Sulbactam, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, Neisseriaceae, France, medicine.drug, Acinetobacter Infections
Abstract: International audience; No abstract available
Published: 2012

36. Emergence of resistance to carbapenems in Acinetobacter baumannii in Europe: clinical impact and therapeutic options

Author: Jean-Marc Rolain, Marie Kempf, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Acinetobacter baumannii, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antibiotics, Virulence, Context (language use), Drug resistance, Cystic fibrosis, Microbiology, Carbapenemase, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, medicine, polycyclic compounds, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Pathogen, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Cross Infection, biology, 030306 microbiology, Colistin, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Antibiotic therapy, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Community-Acquired Infections, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Carbapenems, Carrier State, bacteria, Fitness cost, medicine.drug, Acinetobacter Infections
Abstract: International audience; Despite having a reputation of low virulence, Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen responsible for community- and hospital-acquired infections that are difficult to control and treat. Interest in this pathogen emerged about one decade ago because of its natural MDR phenotype, its capability of acquiring new mechanisms of resistance and the existence of nosocomial outbreaks. Recent advances in molecular biology, including full genome sequencing of several A. baumannii isolates, has led to the discovery of the extraordinary plasticity of their genomes, which is linked to their great propensity to adapt to any environment, including hospitals. In this context, as well as the increasing antimicrobial resistance amongst A. baumannii isolates to the last-line antibiotics carbapenems and colistin, therapeutic options are very limited or absent in some cases of infections with pandrug-resistant bacteria. However, a large proportion of patients may be colonised by such MDR bacteria without any sign of infection, leading to a recurrent question for clinicians as to whether antibiotic treatment should be given and will be effective in the presence of resistance mechanisms. The worldwide emergence of A. baumannii strains resistant to colistin is worrying and the increasing use of colistin to treat infections caused by MDR bacteria will inevitably increase the recovery rate of colistin-resistant isolates in the future. Current knowledge about A. baumannii, including biological and epidemiological aspects as well as resistance to antibiotics and antibiotic therapy, are reviewed in this article, in addition to therapeutic recommendations.
Published: 2012

37. Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in France in 2007: data from the pneumococcus surveillance network

Author: Michel Brun, Christine Segonds, Laurent Gibel, Bernadette Grignon, Hubert Chardon, Veronique Vernet-Garnier, Jean Louis Koeck, Marie Kempf, Michel Vergnaud, Emmanuelle Varon, Micheline Roussel-Delvallez, Henri Bonnabau, Gérard Chabanon, Jeanne Maugein, Laurent Gutmann, Jacques Croizé, Marie-Cécile Ploy, Thierry Fosse, Tahar Hadou, Alain Gravet, André Pechinot, Agnes Lepoutre, Josette Raymond, Pierre-Yves Donnio, Regine Baraduc, Farida Hamdad, Philippe Dupont, Alain Ros, Philippe Lanotte, Marie Claude Demachy, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Microbiologie : Risques Infectieux, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Rennes-Faculté d'Odontologie-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Laboratoire de bactériologie, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Laboratoire de Microbiologie Médicale et Moléculaire, Université de Bourgogne (UB), Service de Bactériologie, Virologie, Hygiène [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Pathogenèse de Helicobacter, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Centre de Référence du Pneumocoque, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Service de bactériologie-virologie [Tours], Hôpital Bretonneau-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Rennes-Faculté d'Odontologie-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC (UMR_S 872) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] ( HEGP ), Infectiologie et Santé Publique ( ISP ), Université de Tours-IFR136, Hôpital Bretonneau-CHRU Tours, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau, Université de Rennes (UR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes - UFR d'Odontologie (UR Odontologie), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes (UR), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Brébion, Alice, and Université de Rennes (UR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Rennes-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: Cefotaxime, Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, Drug resistance, MESH : Child, Preschool, medicine.disease_cause, MESH: Immunization Programs, Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Pneumococcal Vaccines, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, MESH: Child, MESH : Population Surveillance, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH : Pneumococcal Infections, MESH: Pneumococcal Infections, MESH : Anti-Bacterial Agents, Child, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Microbial Sensitivity Tests, ANTIBIOTIC USE, Age Factors, MESH : Infant, MESH : Adult, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Pneumococcal infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, MESH : Pneumococcal Vaccines, France, MESH: Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine.drug, Microbiology (medical), Adult, MESH: Pneumococcal Vaccines, MESH : Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Adolescent, Immunology, education, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microbiology, MESH : Immunization Programs, Pneumococcal Infections, MESH: Population Surveillance, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, MESH : Adolescent, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, medicine, Humans, MESH : France, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Age Factors, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Immunization Programs, MESH : Streptococcus pneumoniae, MESH : Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, MESH: Adult, MESH: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Amoxicillin, medicine.disease, TRENDS, Penicillin, MESH: France, REDUCTION, MESH : Microbial Sensitivity Tests, MESH : Age Factors, business
Abstract: International audience; Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in France is closely monitored by the pneumococcus surveillance network, founded in 1995, which collects data from regional observatories (Observatoire Régionaux du Pneumocoque [ORP]). In 2007, 23 ORPs analyzed the antibiotic susceptibility of 5,302 isolates of S. pneumoniae recovered in France from cerebrospinal fluid, blood, middle ear fluid, and pleural fluid, as well as from adult respiratory samples. The study showed that 38.2% of the strains were nonsusceptible to penicillin, 19.3% nonsusceptible to amoxicillin, and 10.5% nonsusceptible to cefotaxime. The percentage of pneumococcus nonsusceptible to penicillin varied according to both the sample and the age of the patient (child/adult): blood (27.8%/32.5%), cerebrospinal fluid (33.7%/34.6%), middle ear fluid (60.2%/27.5%), and pleural fluid (50.0%/31.0%). Between 2003 and 2007, the frequency of penicillin resistance in invasive pneumococcal disease gradually decreased from 46.4% to 29.0% in children and from 43.8% to 32.7% in adults. This decrease coincided with the introduction of a seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into immunization programs and with a general reduction in levels of antibiotic consumption in France.
Published: 2011

38. Impact of improving glove usage on the hand hygiene compliance

Author: Marie-Therese Pradelle, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Véronique Guilloteau, Francoise Raymond, Marie Kempf, Patrick Brunel, Matthieu Eveillard, Bernadette Lefrancq, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), and Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Endpoint Determination, practice improvement, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030501 epidemiology, Compliance (psychology), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hygiene, Hand cleansing, medicine, Infection control, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, media_common, Chronic care, Cross Infection, Infection Control, Guideline adherence, business.industry, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, technology, industry, and agriculture, Hand, equipment and supplies, body regions, Infectious Diseases, Multicenter study, Physical therapy, glove wearing indications, Guideline Adherence, 0305 other medical science, business, Gloves, Protective, Alternative strategy, Hand Disinfection
Abstract: International audience; We assessed the impact of improving glove using on the hand hygiene (HH) compliance in a multicenter study including 9 chronic care settings. If gloves had been used correctly during the evaluation, the overall compliance with HH measured after contacts with patients or environment would have only increased from 66.3% to 68.7%. This weak impact suggests that improving glove usage is not in itself an alternative strategy to improve HH compliance.
Published: 2011

39. Observatoire régional du pneumocoque en région Pays de la Loire : résistance de Streptococcus pneumoniae aux antibiotiques en 2007

Author: F. Jouble, Gaultier Perray, J. Le Reste, M. Mozas, G. Chambreuil, Marie Kempf, Marie Emmanuelle Juvin, M.-M. Langeard, C. Varache, F. Kowalczyk, D. Jan, E. Bichier, G. Bonnaudet, G. Cheviet, T. Tharreau, G. De Gastines, P. Andorin, E. Jaouen, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Jane Cottin, B. Lureau, J. Darreau, E. Mir, C. Le Brun, Service de Bactériologie - Hygiène Hospitalière [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Hôpital Pontchaillou, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), and Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Cefotaxime, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotic resistance, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Erythromycin, Résistance aux antibiotiques, medicine.disease_cause, Benzylpenicillin, Macrolide Antibiotics, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, General Medicine, Observatoire régional du pneumocoque, Amoxicillin, Regional network observatory, Penicillin, Épidémiologie, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; But de l’étudeEntre le 1er janvier et le 31 décembre 2007, les 20 laboratoires participant à l’observatoire régional du pneumocoque (ORP) Pays de la Loire ont collecté 331 souches invasives de Streptococcuspneumoniae afin d’étudier leur sensibilité aux antibiotiques et la répartition des sérogroupes/sérotypes. Méthode Les concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) de la pénicilline G, de l’amoxicilline et du céfotaxime ont été déterminées par le centre coordinateur, par la méthode de référence de diffusion en milieu gélosé. Les résultats ont été interprétés selon les recommandations du CA-SFM. Les sensibilités à d’autres antibiotiques ont été étudiées et les typages des souches réalisées par le centre coordinateur. Résultats Trois cent trente et une souches ont été isolées en 2007. Elles provenaient de 30 liquides céphalorachidiens, 239 hémocultures, 53 pus d’otites moyennes aiguës et neuf liquides pleuraux. Le pourcentage de pneumocoques de sensibilité diminuée à la pénicilline G (PSDP) était de 39% et restait plus élevé chez l’enfant (51%) que chez l’adulte (35%). Les PSDP étaient souvent multirésistants, avec en particulier un pourcentage élevé de résistance à l’érythromycine (87,6% contre 8,4% pour les pneumocoques sensibles à la pénicilline). Enfin, le sérogroupe majoritairement rencontré était le sérogroupe 19 (29,6% des isolats). Conclusion Une diminution des PSDP a été observée depuis 2001 et les souches de haut niveau de résistance aux β-lactamines restent rares. Le pourcentage de PSDP observés en ORP Pays de la Loire demeure dans la moyenne nationale.
Published: 2010

40. The virulence variability of different Acinetobacter baumannii strains in experimental pneumonia

Author: Christophe Soltner, Matthieu Eveillard, Michel Wolff, Catherine Randrianarivelo, Marie Kempf, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Jean-Paul Saint-André, Carole Lemarié, Harald Seifert, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), and Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Acinetobacter baumannii, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Colony Count, Microbial, Virulence, Spleen, Severity of Illness Index, Virulence factor, Microbiology, Mouse model, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, medicine, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Animals, Humans, Lung, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Mice, Inbred C3H, Microscopy, biology, 030306 microbiology, Histocytochemistry, Respiratory disease, Body Weight, Bacterial pneumonia, Genetic Variation, Pneumonia, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, 3. Good health, Disease Models, Animal, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood, Immunology, Female, Inflammation Mediators, Pneumonia (non-human), Bacteria, Acinetobacter Infections
Abstract: International audience; Our objective was to compare the virulence of 5 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii by using a mouse model of pneumonia. Methods Six-week old female C3H/HeN mice were used. The pneumonia was inducted by intra-tracheal inoculation of 5. 106 bacteria. Spontaneous outcome was evaluated by mortality, mice weight variations, and a clinical score. Bacterial counts in lungs, spleen and blood, and inflammatory response in lungs (dosages of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and macrophage inflammatory protein-2) were also measured. Lastly, a histological examination of lungs was performed for 3 strains, giving a histological score. Results Global mortality varied from 13% to 79% (P < 10−4). Bacterial counts in lungs within the 4 days following inoculation varied significantly according to different strains. The evolution curves of bacterial counts were also different. There was a significant correlation between the clinical score and mortality (P < 0.05) but not between bacterial counts in lungs and mortality. The increase of pro-inflammatory mediator production in lungs and the histological score also varied according to strains. Conclusions These results demonstrate the variability of the virulence between strains, and suggest that bacterial proliferation is not the only virulence factor responsible for the pathogenesis in A. baumannii pneumonia.
Published: 2010

41. Assessment of the usefulness of performing bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing 24 h a day in a clinical microbiology laboratory

Author: H. Hitoto, Jane Cottin, Matthieu Eveillard, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Chetaou Mahaza, Carole Lemarié, Marie Kempf, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), and Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antimicrobial susceptibility, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Drug resistance, Urine, antimicrobial therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, antimicrobial resistance, patient management, Antibacterial agent, 0303 health sciences, Antiinfective agent, Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, night service, Bacterial Infections, General Medicine, Antimicrobial, clinical microbiology laboratory, Diagnostic Services, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Body Fluids, 3. Good health, Surgery, Regimen, Clinical microbiology, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Health Services Research, business
Abstract: International audience; The impact of inoculating agar media with positive blood cultures and of performing bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for positive urine cultures, blood cultures and certain fluid cultures after day hours (night service (NS)) was evaluated in a clinical microbiology laboratory. The impact of the NS was assessed in terms of decreases in the delays from the time of sampling to the time at which results became available and of the consequences for patient management and antimicrobial treatment. Two major benefits were obtained: initiation of earlier appropriate treatment, and change to a reduced-spectrum but still efficient regimen. The hours of laboratory testing and the availability and transmission of results to the clinical staff were recorded. Concurrently, these hours were estimated as though laboratory tests had been performed in the absence of NS. Reductions in delay were defined as the differences between the hours actually spent and the estimated hours. Economic concerns were also considered. Overall, 430 samples for which an identification and/or AST were performed during the NS were included in the study. The NS led to the implementation of earlier appropriate therapy in 97 cases (22.6%), and to the change to reduced-spectrum but still efficient regimens in 23 additional cases (5.3%). In conclusion, there appeared to be benefits from a system providing bacterial identification and AST overnight, but a study of the cost-effectiveness of the NS would be useful to back up this observation.
Published: 2010

42. High Content Screening Identifies Decaprenyl-Phosphoribose 2′ Epimerase as a Target for Intracellular Antimycobacterial Inhibitors

Author: Thierry Christophe, Hee Kyoung Jeon, Sae Yeon Lee, Denis Philippe Cedric Fenistein, Ulf Nehrbass, Priscille Brodin, Giovanna Riccardi, Ha Pham, Roland Brosch, Stewart T. Cole, Marie Kempf, Henrieta Škovierová, Jean-Philippe Carralot, Taegwon Oh, Monica Contreras-Dominguez, Eunjung Park, Jaeseung Kim, Laurent Marsollier, Won Kyung Shin, Zaesung No, Ji Youn Nam, Sunhee Kang, Min Jung Seo, Fanny Anne Ewann, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Auguste Genovesio, Mary Jackson, Eun Hye Kim, Institut Pasteur Korea - Institut Pasteur de Corée, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Università degli Studi di Pavia, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), International Tuberculosis Research Center [Masan, Korea] (ITRC), Pathogénomique mycobactérienne intégrée, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), This work was supported by Institut Pasteur Korea, by INSERM Avenir Grant (to PB), by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health grant AI064798 (to MJ), by the European Commission (LHSP-CT-2005-018923), and by the Association Française Raoul Follereau (to LM). MCD is a fellow of an INSERM-Poste Vert fellowship., European Project: LSHP-CT-2005-018923,NM4TB, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: Survival, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mice, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Drug Discovery, Biology (General), Cells, Cultured, Principal Component Analysis, 0303 health sciences, Microscopy, Confocal, Virulence, Drug discovery, Synthase, 3. Good health, Chemical Biology/Small Molecule Chemistry, High-content screening, Benzamides, Nonreplicating Mycobacterium-Tuberculosis, High-Throughput, Microbiology/Cellular Microbiology and Pathogenesis, Ethambutol, Research Article, medicine.drug, Tuberculosis, QH301-705.5, Cells, High-throughput screening, Immunology, Racemases and Epimerases, Cell Growth Processes, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Discovery, Biology, Biosynthesis, Microbiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Structure-Activity Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, Antibiotics, Antitubercular, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Lipoarabinomannan, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Infectious Diseases/Antimicrobials and Drug Resistance, 030306 microbiology, Macrophages, Intracellular parasite, Reproducibility of Results, RC581-607, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Parasitology, Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Abstract: A critical feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis (TB), is its ability to survive and multiply within macrophages, making these host cells an ideal niche for persisting microbes. Killing the intracellular tubercle bacilli is a key requirement for efficient tuberculosis treatment, yet identifying potent inhibitors has been hampered by labor-intensive techniques and lack of validated targets. Here, we present the development of a phenotypic cell-based assay that uses automated confocal fluorescence microscopy for high throughput screening of chemicals that interfere with the replication of M. tuberculosis within macrophages. Screening a library of 57,000 small molecules led to the identification of 135 active compounds with potent intracellular anti-mycobacterial efficacy and no host cell toxicity. Among these, the dinitrobenzamide derivatives (DNB) showed high activity against M. tuberculosis, including extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains. More importantly, we demonstrate that incubation of M. tuberculosis with DNB inhibited the formation of both lipoarabinomannan and arabinogalactan, attributable to the inhibition of decaprenyl-phospho-arabinose synthesis catalyzed by the decaprenyl-phosphoribose 2′ epimerase DprE1/DprE2. Inhibition of this new target will likely contribute to new therapeutic solutions against emerging XDR-TB. Beyond validating the high throughput/content screening approach, our results open new avenues for finding the next generation of antimicrobials., Author Summary Tuberculosis is still a major threat to global health. The disease in humans is caused by a bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and treatment of an infected individual requires more than six months of chemotherapy. Because such a long course of treatment is required, compliance is low, which can result in the development of multidrug resistant strains (MDR-TB) and even extremely resistant strains (XDR-TB). Identifying new drug targets and potential lead therapeutic compounds are needed to combat MDR-XDR-TB. We developed a new type of assay based on the visualization of mycobacterium replication within host cells and applied it for the search of compounds that are able to chase the pathogen from its hideout. As a result, we found 20 new series of drug candidates that are effective against the bacilli in its hiding place, potentially addressing a crucial aspect in the resilience of the disease. We also showed that one series of compounds acts by inhibiting a key enzyme required for the synthesis of an essential component from the mycobacterial cell wall that is not targeted by any of the commercially available antituberculosis drugs. Altogether, our results pave the way for development of the next generation of antibacterial agents.
Published: 2009

43. Disruption of the GPI Protein-Encoding Gene IFF4 of Candida albicans Results in Decreased Adherence and Virulence

Author: Raymond Robert, Patricia Licznar, Véronique Apaire-Marchais, Corinne Lefrançois, Jane Cottin, Marie Kempf, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Récepteurs et Canaux Ioniques Membranaires (RCIM), and Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Virulence Factors, Veterinary (miscellaneous), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genes, Fungal, Colony Count, Microbial, Virulence, Germ tube, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, IFF4 gene, Microbiology, Catheterization, Microbial Ecology, Fungal Proteins, Gene Knockout Techniques, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Candida albicans, Gene expression, Cell Adhesion, Animals, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Catheter, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Plant Sciences, Candidiasis, Biofilm, Disseminated Candidiasis, biology.organism_classification, Survival Analysis, 3. Good health, Equipment and Supplies, Adherence, Medical Microbiology, Immunology, Female, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; Candida albicans is the most important cause of systemic fungal infection in immunocompromised humans. Candidiasis is often initiated by the adherence and the colonization of inert surfaces such as peripheral venous catheters, central catheters, prosthetic cardiac valves, and other prostheses. We have studied the early stage of adherence and have shown that the disruption of C. albicans IFF4 gene encoding a GPI-anchor protein, led to a decrease of adherence of the germ tubes to plastic. Here, we demonstrated the role of the IFF4 gene in adherence to silicone catheter, as well as in virulence using a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. The iff4 Δ null mutant showed both a decrease of adherence to silicone catheter and a reduction of virulence. This work presents evidence for the importance of the IFF4 gene in host-fungal interaction.
Published: 2009

44. Observatoires régionaux du pneumocoque : épidémiologie et résistance aux antibiotiques des souches de Streptococcus pneumoniae isolées en France en 2007

Author: Thierry Fosse, Laurent Gutmann, Michel Brun, Henri Bonnabau, Jeanne Maugein, Marie-Cécile Ploy, Michel Vergnaud, Christine Segonds, Hubert Chardon, Bernadette Grignon, Gérard Chabanon, Pierre-Yves Donnio, André Pechinot, Agnes Lepoutre, Micheline Roussel-Delvallez, Regine Baraduc, Farida Hamdad, Marie Kempf, Alain Ros, Jacques Croizé, Alain Gravet, Philippe Dupont, Tahar Hadou, Jean-Louis Koeck, Veronique Vernet-Garnier, Marie-Claude Demachy, Philippe Lanotte, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Josette Raymond, Emmanuelle Varon, Laurent Gibel, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de l'Information Médicale et de l'Évaluation [CHU Limoges] (SIME), CHU Limoges, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier d'Aix en Provence [Aix-en-Provence] (CHIAP ), Laboratoire de bactériologie, CHU Grenoble, Laboratoire de Virologie [Rennes] = Virology [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Microbiologie : Risques Infectieux, Université de Rennes (UR)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université de Rennes - UFR d'Odontologie (UR Odontologie), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes (UR), Bactériologie-Hygiène, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital Cimiez [Nice] (CHU), Centre Hospitalier de Mulhouse, site du Hasenrain (Mulhouse), Hôpital Bretonneau, Service Bactériologie, Virologie, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Biologie moléculaire et cellulaire des microorganismes (EA3175), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre national de Référence des Streptocoques (CNR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Service de Microbiologie [CHU Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service de Bactériologie, Virologie, Hygiène [CHU Limoges], Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Laboratoire de Recherche Moléculaire sur les Antibiotiques, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR58-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Centre de Référence du Pneumocoque, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]-Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Rennes-Faculté d'Odontologie-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Department of Microbiology, and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, 2007 epidemiology, 030306 microbiology, surveillance network, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biochemistry (medical), Résistance aux antibiotiques, 3. Good health, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Medical Laboratory Technology, épidémiologie 2007, 0302 clinical medicine, Streptococcus pneumoniae, 030225 pediatrics, antimicrobial resistance, France, réseau de surveillance
Abstract: International audience; RésuméLes observatoires régionaux du pneumocoque (ORP), créés à partir de 1995, participent aux côtés du Centre national de référence des pneumocoques et de l’Institut de veille sanitaire à la surveillance étroite de l’évolution de la résistance du pneumocoque aux antibiotiques. En 2007, les 23 ORP français ont étudié la sensibilité aux antibiotiques et le sérogroupe de 5 302 souches de pneumocoque isolées de liquides céphalo-rachidiens (LCR), d’hémocultures, de pus d’otite moyenne aiguë, de liquides pleuraux de l’enfant et de l’adulte (≥ 16 ans) ainsi que de certains échantillons pulmonaires de l’adulte (≥ 16 ans). L’étude a montré que 38,2 % des souches étaient de sensibilité diminuée à la pénicilline (PSDP), 19,3 % à l’amoxicilline et 10,5 % au céfotaxime. Le pourcentage de PSDP différait selon les régions, allant de 29 % en Alsace à 50 % à Paris Ile-de-France Ouest. Il était plus élevé chez l’enfant (50,2 %) que chez l’adulte (33,7 %) et variait selon le prélèvement (enfant/adulte) : hémocultures (27,8 %/32,5 %), LCR (33,7 %/34,6 %), pus d’otite moyenne aiguë (60,2 %/27,5 %), liquides pleuraux (50 %/31 %). Les PSDP étaient souvent multirésistants avec en particulier un pourcentage élevé de résistance à l’érythromycine (84,2 % contre 12,7 % pour les pneumocoques sensibles à la pénicilline). Enfin, le sérogroupe majoritairement rencontré était le sérogroupe 19 (25,2 % des isolats).
Published: 2008

45. Disruption of Candida albicans IFF4 gene involves modifications of the cell electrical surface properties

Author: Raymond Robert, Corinne Lefrançois, Patricia Licznar, Véronique Apaire-Marchais, Patrick Saulnier, Marie Kempf, Jane Cottin, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), and Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: Signal peptide, Surface Properties, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genes, Fungal, Germ tube, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Cell Wall, medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Candida albicans, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, biology, Strain (chemistry), 030306 microbiology, Electric Conductivity, Gene targeting, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Corpus albicans, 3. Good health, Fungal, Genes, Gene Targeting, candida albicans, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; During the past two decades, the prevalence of candidiasis has increased markedly and Candida albicans has now become one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections, especially after colonization of inert surfaces such as catheters or prostheses. In a previous report, we demonstrated the overexpression of 35 unidentified genes in response to adherence of C. albicans germ tubes to plastic. Therefore, a bioinformatic analysis was performed searching for genes encoding surface proteins potentially involved in adherence. Nineteen genes were thus selected, and one of them, CaIFF4, was further investigated. The deduced protein of this CaIFF4 gene revealed a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored site as well as the presence of a N-terminal signal peptide. Disruption of both alleles of CaIFF4 gene from C. albicans parent strain BWP17 was performed by PCR method. Then investigations of properties of null mutant for CaIFF4 gene showed a decrease of adherence of germ tubes to plastic in comparison to the parent strain BWP17. Besides, electrophoretic mobilities of germ tubes of CaIFF4 null mutant and of parental strain BWP17 were measured. Data were then analysed with soft particles analysis theory. Results point out a less important electrophoretic mobility of germ tubes of CaIFF4 null mutant in comparison to germ tubes of BWP17 parental strain.
Published: 2007

46. Evolution of Bordetella pertussis over a 23-year period in France, 1996 to 2018

Author: Bouchez, Valérie, Guillot, Sophie, Landier, Annie, Armatys, Nathalie, Matczak, Soraya, Toubiana, Julie, Brisse, Sylvain, Brieu, Nathalie, Hamdad, Farida, Kempf, Marie, Pailhoriès, Hélène, Jensen, Cécile, Lehours, Philippe, Guiraud, Jennifer, Le Bars, Hervé, Isnard, Christophe, Wilhelm, Nathalie, Le Coustumier, Alain, Delmas, Julien, De Briel, Dominique, Souply, Laurent, Aberrane, Saïd, Coudé, Marie, Garnier, Fabien, Descours, Ghislaine, Jean-Pierre, Hélène, Alauzet, Corentine, Gibaud, Sophie-Anne, Bonacorsi, Stéphane, Brasme, Lucien, Lemée, Ludovic, Koebel, Christelle, Lanotte, Philippe, Bland, Stéphane, Petitprez, Hélène, Raffenot, Didier, Levast, Marion, Doucet-Populaire, Florence, Bourgeois-Nicolaos, Nadège, Burucoa, Christophe, Grattard, Florence, Marque-Juillet, Stéphanie, Biodiversité et Epidémiologie des Bactéries pathogènes - Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre national de Référence de la Coqueluche et autres Bordetelloses - National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella infections (CNR), Collège doctoral [Sorbonne universités], Sorbonne Université (SU), Département de Pédiatrie et maladies infectieuses [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université de Paris (UP), This work was performed with the financial support of the Institut Pasteur and of Santé Publique France., French pertussis microbiology study group: Nathalie Brieu, Farida Hamdad, Marie Kempf, Hélène Pailhoriès, Cécile Jensen, Philippe Lehours, Jennifer Guiraud, Hervé Le Bars, Christophe Isnard, Nathalie Wilhelm, Alain Le Coustumier, Julien Delmas, Dominique De Briel, Laurent Souply, Saïd Aberrane, Marie Coudé, Fabien Garnier, Ghislaine Descours, Hélène Jean-Pierre, Corentine Alauzet, Sophie-Anne Gibaud, Stéphane Bonacorsi, Lucien Brasme, Ludovic Lemée, Christelle Koebel, Philippe Lanotte, Stéphane Bland, Hélène Petitprez, Didier Raffenot, Marion Levast, Florence Doucet-Populaire, Nadège Bourgeois-Nicolaos, Christophe Burucoa, Florence Grattard, Stéphanie Marque-Juillet, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Collège Doctoral, Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: Serotype, Bordetella pertussis, population evolution, Whooping Cough, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Fimbria, MESH: Pertussis Toxin, MESH: Virulence Factors, Bordetella, Pertussis toxin, Microbiology, pertactin, MESH: Bordetella pertussis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Virology, MESH: Child, medicine, Humans, Virulence Factors, Bordetella, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Whooping cough, 030304 developmental biology, Pertussis Vaccine, vaccine antigen deficiency, 0303 health sciences, Surveillance, MESH: Humans, biology, MESH: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Whooping Cough, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, fimbriae serotype, 3. Good health, respiratory tract diseases, Vaccination, MESH: France, Pertussis Toxin, MESH: Pertussis Vaccine, France, Pertactin, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Abstract: Background Bordetella pertussis is the main agent of whooping cough. Vaccination with acellular pertussis vaccines has been largely implemented in high-income countries. These vaccines contain 1 to 5 antigens: pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN) and/or fimbrial proteins (FIM2 and FIM3). Monitoring the emergence of B. pertussis isolates that might partially escape vaccine-induced immunity is an essential component of public health strategies to control whooping cough. Aim We aimed to investigate temporal trends of fimbriae serotypes and vaccine antigen-expression in B. pertussis over a 23-year period in France (1996–2018). Methods Isolates (n = 2,280) were collected through hospital surveillance, capturing one third of hospitalised paediatric pertussis cases. We assayed PT, FHA and PRN production by Western blot (n = 1,428) and fimbriae production by serotyping (n = 1,058). Molecular events underlying antigen deficiency were investigated by genomic sequencing. Results The proportion of PRN-deficient B. pertussis isolates has increased steadily from 0% (0/38) in 2003 to 48.4% (31/64) in 2018 (chi-squared test for trend, p 481 insertion within the prn gene or a 22 kb genomic inversion involving the prn promoter sequence, indicative of convergent evolution. FIM2-expressing isolates have emerged since 2011 at the expense of FIM3. Conclusions B. pertussis is evolving through the rapid increase of PRN-deficient isolates and a recent shift from FIM3 to FIM2 expression. Excluding PRN, the loss of vaccine antigen expression by circulating B. pertussis isolates is epidemiologically insignificant.
Published: 2021

47. Etude de l’épidémiologie moléculaire et de l’écologie d’Acinetobacter spp au Liban

Author: Al atrouni, Ahmad, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Université d'Angers, Université libannaise de Beyrouth, Marie Kempf, Monzer Hamze, and STAR, ABES
Subjects: Acinetobacter spp, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Carbapénémase, Réservoirs extrahospitaliers, Epidémiologie hospitalière, Hospital Epidemiology, Extra hospital reservoirs, Molecular typing, Lebanon, Novel species, Nouvelle espèce, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Acinetobacter spp are opportunistic bacteria widely involved in nosocomial infections. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiology and the ecology of these bacteria in Lebanon. First, we have analyzed 119 clinical strains of A.baumannii. 76.5% of them were resistant to carbapenems and the production of OXA-23 was the main mechanism. Multi-locus sequence typing revealed the predominance of international clone II. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis showed that 72.6% of strains belonging to ST2 were classified in the same cluster which appeared to be predominant in Beirut and Tripoli. On the other hands, Acinetobacter reservoirs were investigated on 2361 samples collected in Lebanon. A total number of 171 strains have been isolated in the environment, food, humans and animals. The majority of these strains was identified as non baumannii Acinetobacter and was susceptible to antibiotics. Besides, typing of A.baumannii revealed the presence of 14 STs including 10 new ones. Finally, we have described a novel species called “Acinetobacter lebanonensis” by conducting a taxonomic study on several strains isolated in Lebanon and other countries. Although the data may be limited, this work has shown the endemic situation of carbapenem resistant A.baumannii circulating in the Lebanese hospitals while the extra hospital ones were different. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the origin of these emerging multidrug resistant strains., Les Acinetobacter sont des bactéries opportunistes impliquées dans les infections nosocomiales.Le but de ce travail était d’étudier leur épidémiologie et écologie au Liban.Tout d’abord, nous avons analysé 119 souches d’A.baumannii isolées de plusieurs hôpitaux. 76.5 % étaient résistantes aux carbapénèmes et le gène OXA-23 était le plus fréquemment trouvé. Le typage par Multilocus sequence typing a montré que le clone international II était majoritairement détecté. L’électrophorèse en champ pulsé a révélé que 72.6% des souches appartenant au ST2 ont été classées dans un même cluster qui semble être prédominant à Beirut et Tripoli. Ensuite, les réservoirs extrahospitaliers ont été investigués sur 2361 prélèvements collectés au Liban. Au total, 171 souches ont été isolées dans l’environnement, les produits alimentaires ainsi que chez l’homme et les animaux. La majorité de ces souches, globalement sensibles aux antibiotiques, était des Acinetobacter non baumannii, Seuls 15 A.baumannii, de 14 STs différents dont 10 nouveaux ont été isolés. Enfin, nous avons conduit une étude taxonomique approfondie sur plusieurs souches d’Acinetobacter non identifiées au rang d’espèce et retrouvées dans notre étude. Nous avons ainsi caractérisé une nouvelle espèce, nommée « Acinetobacter lebanonensis ».Ce travail a montré que le Liban était un pays à forte endémie d’A.baumannii résistants aux carbapénèmes. Nous n’avons toutefois pas mis en évidence de lien entre les souches cliniques et extrahospitalières, les clones correspondants étant globalement différents. D’autres études sont nécessaires pour élucider l’origine des souches multi-résistantes émergeant dans les hôpitaux.
Published: 2017

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