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1. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases induced by triplet repeat expansion by linked read haplotyping and Bayesian approach

Author: C. Liautard-Haag, G. Durif, C. VanGoethem, D. Baux, A. Louis, L. Cayrefourcq, M. Lamairia, M. Willems, C. Zordan, V. Dorian, C. Rooryck, C. Goizet, A. Chaussenot, L. Monteil, P. Calvas, C. Miry, R. Favre, E. Le Boette, M. Fradin, A. F. Roux, M. Cossée, M. Koenig, C. Alix-Panabière, C. Guissart, M. C. Vincent, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck (IMAG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and MORNET, Dominique
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Multidisciplinary, Haplotypes, Pregnancy, Noninvasive Prenatal Testing, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Humans, Bayes Theorem, Female, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Abstract: The field of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has undergone significant progress over the last decade. Direct haplotyping has been successfully applied for NIPD of few single-gene disorders. However, technical issues remain for triplet-repeat expansions. The objective of this study was to develop an NIPD approach for couples at risk of transmitting dynamic mutations. This method includes targeted enrichment for linked-read libraries and targeted maternal plasma DNA sequencing. We also developed an innovative Bayesian procedure to integrate the Hoobari fetal genotyping model for inferring the fetal haplotype and the targeted gene variant status. Our method of directly resolving parental haplotypes through targeted linked-read sequencing was smoothly performed using blood samples from families with Huntington’s disease or myotonic dystrophy type 1. The Bayesian analysis of transmission of parental haplotypes allowed defining the genotype of five fetuses. The predicted variant status of four of these fetuses was in agreement with the invasive prenatal diagnosis findings. Conversely, no conclusive result was obtained for the NIPD of fragile X syndrome. Although improvements should be made to achieve clinically acceptable accuracy, our study shows that linked-read sequencing and parental haplotype phasing can be successfully used for NIPD of triplet-repeat expansion diseases.Trial registration: NCT04698551_date of first registration: 07/01/2021.
Published: 2022
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2. Hydrodynamic instabilities in a highly radiative environment

Author: G. Rigon, B. Albertazzi, P. Mabey, Th. Michel, P. Barroso, A. Faenov, R. Kumar, C. Michaut, T. Pikuz, Y. Sakawa, T. Sano, H. Shimogawara, S. Tamatani, A. Casner, M. Koenig, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nagoya University, Freie Universität Berlin, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the RAS (JIHT), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Osaka University [Osaka], Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études scientifiques et techniques d'Aquitaine (CESTA), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Shock waves, Radiography, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::539 Moderne Physik, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Fluid instabilities, Lasers, Radiative gas dynamics, Flow instabilities, Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Optical imaging
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we present the effects of a radiative shock (RS) on the morphology of jet-like objects subjected to hydrodynamic instabilities. To this end, we used an experimental platform developed to create RSs on high energy laser facilities such as LULI2000 and GEKKO XII. Here, we employed modulated targets to initiate Richtmyer–Meshkov and Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) growth in the presence of an RS. The RS is obtained by generating a strong shock in a dense pusher that expands into a low-density xenon gas. With our design, only a limited RTI growth occurs in the absence of radiative effects. A strongly radiative shock has opposite effects on RTI growth. While its deceleration enhances the instability growth, the produced radiations tend to stabilize the interfaces. Our indirect experimental observations suggest a lower instability growth despite the interface deceleration. In addition, the jets, produced during the experiment, are relevant to astrophysical structures such as Herbig–Haro objects or other radiatively cooling jets.
Published: 2022
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3. Micron-scale phenomena observed in a turbulent laser-produced plasma

Author: Nobuki Kamimura, Tatiana Pikuz, Gianluca Gregori, T. Yabuuchi, Norimasa Ozaki, S. A. Pikuz, Tommaso Vinci, K. Miyanishi, Tadashi Togashi, Kento Katagiri, P. Mabey, Yuhei Umeda, V. Bouffetier, Bruno Albertazzi, Keiichi Sueda, G. Rigon, Olivier Poujade, F. Barbato, Makina Yabashi, R. Kodama, Alexis Casner, M. Koenig, Emeric Falize, Y. Inubushi, S. S. Makarov, M. J.-E. Manuel, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Imaging techniques, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Fluid dynamics, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Inertial confinement fusion, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Fluid dynamics, Imaging techniques, Laser-produced plasmas, Scattering, Turbulence, General Chemistry, Plasma, Laser-produced plasmas, Laser, Computational physics, Physics::Space Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract: Turbulence is ubiquitous in the universe and in fluid dynamics. It influences a wide range of high energy density systems, from inertial confinement fusion to astrophysical-object evolution. Understanding this phenomenon is crucial, however, due to limitations in experimental and numerical methods in plasma systems, a complete description of the turbulent spectrum is still lacking. Here, we present the measurement of a turbulent spectrum down to micron scale in a laser-plasma experiment. We use an experimental platform, which couples a high power optical laser, an x-ray free-electron laser and a lithium fluoride crystal, to study the dynamics of a plasma flow with micrometric resolution (~1μm) over a large field of view (>1 mm2). After the evolution of a Rayleigh–Taylor unstable system, we obtain spectra, which are overall consistent with existing turbulent theory, but present unexpected features. This work paves the way towards a better understanding of numerous systems, as it allows the direct comparison of experimental results, theory and numerical simulations. Turbulence effects explored use macroscale systems in general. Here the authors generate a turbulent plasma using laser irradiation of a solid target and study the dynamics of the plasma flow at the micron-scale by using scattering of an XFEL beam.
Published: 2021
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4. On the study of hydrodynamic instabilities in the presence of background magnetic fields in high-energy-density plasmas

Author: Florian-Emanuel Brack, Benjamin Khiar, M. J.-E. Manuel, Carolyn Kuranz, Florian Kroll, G. Rigon, Sallee Klein, Alexis Casner, T. Michel, M. Koenig, Bruno Albertazzi, P. Mabey, S. A. Pikuz, J. C. Williams, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the RAS (JIHT), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Perturbation (astronomy), 01 natural sciences, Instability, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Shock waves, Nebulae, Magnetohydrodynamics, Flash (photography), 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Diffusion (business), 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Resistive touchscreen, High pressure instruments, Electromagnetic coils, Plasma, Mechanics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Magnetic field, Radiography, Supernovae, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Magnetic fields, Fluid instabilities, lcsh:QC770-798
Abstract: International audience; Blast-wave-driven hydrodynamic instabilities are studied in the presence of a background B-field through experiments and simulations in the high-energy-density (HED) physics regime. In experiments conducted at the Laboratoire pour l’utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), a laser driven shock-tube platform was used to generate a hydrodynamically unstable interface with a prescribed sinusoidal surface perturbation, and short-pulse x-ray radiography was used to characterize the instability growth with and without a 10-T B-field. The LULI experiments were modeled in FLASH using resistive and ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and comparing the experiments and simulations suggests that the Spitzer model implemented in FLASH is necessary and sufficient for modeling these planar systems. These results suggest insufficient amplification of the seed B-field, due to resistive diffusion, to alter the hydrodynamic behavior. Although the ideal-MHD simulations did not represent the experiments accurately, they suggest that similar HED systems with dynamic plasma-β(2μ0ρv2/B2) values of less than ∼100 can reduce the growth of blast-wave-driven Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities. These findings validate the resistive-MHD FLASH modeling that is being used to design future experiments for studying B-field effects in HED plasmas.
Published: 2021
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5. X-ray radiography based on the phase-contrast imaging with using LiF detector

Author: Keiichi Sueda, Nobuki Kamimura, Tatiana Pikuz, Makina Yabashi, E. Falize, P. Mabey, Yuhei Umeda, Bruno Albertazzi, R. Kodama, V. Bouffetier, Norimasa Ozaki, S. S. Makarov, G. Rigon, A. P. Chernyaev, Olivier Poujade, Gianluca Gregori, Kento Katagiri, M. J.-E. Manuel, Alexis Casner, T. Yabuuchi, Tommaso Vinci, M. Koenig, Y. Inubushi, Alexey Buzmakov, S. A. Pikuz, Tadashi Togashi, K. Miyanishi, Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: History, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Radiography, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Education, Crystal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], X ray radiography, business.industry, Visibility (geometry), Detector, Phase-contrast imaging, Lithium fluoride, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Computer Science Applications, Metrology, chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: An x-ray radiography technique based upon phase contrast imaging using a lithium fluoride detector has been demonstrated for goals of high energy density physics experiments. Based on the simulation of propagation an x-ray free-electron laser beam through a test-object, the visibility of phase-contrast image depending on an object-detector distance was investigated. Additionally, the metrological capabilities of a lithium fluoride crystal as a detector were demonstrated.
Published: 2021
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6. Exploring the Atwood-number dependence of the highly nonlinear Rayleigh-Taylor instability regime in high-energy-density conditions

Author: V. Bouffetier, Laurent Masse, G. Rigon, M. Koenig, Bruno Albertazzi, P. Mabey, Alexis Casner, Emeric Falize, Luke Ceurvorst, Th. Michel, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nagoya University, Freie Universität Berlin, Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études scientifiques et techniques d'Aquitaine (CESTA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Shock wave, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Instability, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Nonlinear system, Acceleration, Amplitude, Atwood number, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Rayleigh–Taylor instability, 010306 general physics, Inertial confinement fusion
Abstract: International audience; We experimentally study the late time, highly nonlinear regime of the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in a decelerating phase. A series of laser-driven experiments is performed on the LULI2000 laser, in which the initial Atwood number is varied by adjusting the decelerating medium density. The high power laser is used in a direct drive configuration to put into motion a solid target. Its rear side, which initially possesses a two-dimensional machined sinusoidal perturbations, expands and decelerates into a foam leading to a Rayleigh-Taylor unstable situation. The interface position and morphology are measured by time-resolved x-ray radiography. We develop a simple Atwood dependent model describing the motion of the decelerating interface, from which its acceleration history is obtained. The measured amplitude of the instability, or mixing zone width, is then compared with late time acceleration dependent Rayleigh-Taylor instability models. The shortcoming of this classical models, when applied to high energy density conditions, is shown. This calls into question their uses for systems, where a shock wave is present, such as those found in laboratory astrophysics or in Inertial Confinement Fusion.
Published: 2021
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7. Inefficient Magnetic-Field Amplification in Supersonic Laser-Plasma Turbulence

Author: A. F. A. Bott, Laura Chen, R. Rosch, Alexander Schekochihin, Gianluca Gregori, L. Le-Deroff, T. Caillaud, G. Boutoux, Donald Q. Lamb, A. Duval, Petros Tzeferacos, B. Khiar, B. Vauzour, I. Lantuéjoul, M. Koenig, Christopher Spindloe, Dongsu Ryu, Alexis Casner, B. Villette, Brian Reville, Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre d'études scientifiques et techniques d'Aquitaine (CESTA), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), KOENIG, Michel, University of Oxford, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Magnetic Reynolds number, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS] Physics [physics], law.invention, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Supersonic speed, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Magnetic energy, Turbulence, Plasma, Laser, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Physics - Plasma Physics, Computational physics, Magnetic field, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Cascade, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Physics::Space Physics
Abstract: We report a laser-plasma experiment that was carried out at the LMJ-PETAL facility and realized the first magnetized, turbulent, supersonic plasma with a large magnetic Reynolds number ($\mathrm{Rm} \approx 45$) in the laboratory. Initial seed magnetic fields were amplified, but only moderately so, and did not become dynamically significant. A notable absence of magnetic energy at scales smaller than the outer scale of the turbulent cascade was also observed. Our results support the notion that moderately supersonic, low-magnetic-Prandtl-number plasma turbulence is inefficient at amplifying magnetic fields., 6 pages, 4 figures; supplemental information included (14 pages, 10 figures)
Published: 2021
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8. Experimental characterization of the interaction zone between counterpropagating Taylor Sedov blast waves

Author: Jena Meinecke, Norimasa Ozaki, Andrea Ciardi, Gianluca Gregori, Jean-Raphael Marques, Th. Michel, S. A. Pikuz, S. Ryazantsev, L. Van Box Som, Emeric Falize, P. Mabey, Bruno Albertazzi, M. Koenig, G. Rigon, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Shock wave, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Electron density, Jet (fluid), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Molecular cloud, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, Interstellar medium, Stars, 13. Climate action, Schlieren, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Blast wave
Abstract: Astronomical observations reveal that the interaction between shock waves and/or blast waves with astrophysical objects (molecular clouds, stars, jet winds, etc.) is a common process which leads to a more intricate structure of the interstellar medium. In particular, when two isolated massive stars are relatively close and explode, the resulting Supernovae Remnants (SNRs) can interact. The impact zone presents fascinating complex hydrodynamic physics which depends on the age of the SNRs, their relative evolution stage, and the distance between the two stars. In this Letter, we investigate experimentally the interaction region (IR) formed when two blast waves (BWs) collide during their Taylor-Sedov expansion phase. The two BWs are produced by the laser irradiation (1 ns, ∼500 J) of 300 μm diameter carbon rods and propagate in different gases (Ar and N2) at different pressures. The physical parameters, such as the density and temperature of the IR, are measured for the first time using a set of optical diagnostics (interferometry, schlieren, time-resolved optical spectroscopy, etc.). This allows us to determine precisely the thermodynamic conditions of the IR. A compression ratio of r ∼ 1.75 is found and a 17–20% increase in temperature is measured compared to the shell of a single blast wave. Moreover, we observe the generation of vorticity, inducing strong electron density gradients, in the IR at long periods after the interaction. This could in principle generate magnetic fields through the Biermann Battery effect.
Published: 2020
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9. Rayleigh-Taylor instability experiments on the LULI2000 laser in scaled conditions for young supernova remnants

Author: Norimasa Ozaki, Alexis Casner, G. Rigon, J. Ballet, S. A. Pikuz, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, Bruno Albertazzi, M. P. Valdivia, A. Faenov, D. Q. Lamb, Petros Tzeferacos, Emeric Falize, Tatiana Pikuz, Takayoshi Sano, Yoichi Sakawa, P. Mabey, M. Koenig, L. Van Box Som, Th. Michel, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the RAS (JIHT), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of laser Engineering, Osaka University [Osaka], Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Physics [Oxford], Department of Mathematics [Jeddah], King Abdulaziz University, ANR-15-CE30-0011, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Engineering [Suita, Osaka], Osaka University, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Resolution (electron density), Astrophysics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Instability, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Supernova, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Rayleigh–Taylor instability, 010306 general physics
Abstract: International audience; We describe a platform developed on the LULI2000 laser facility to investigate the evolution of Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) in scaled conditions relevant to young Supernovae Remnant (SNR) up to 200 years. An RT unstable interface is imaged with a short-pulse laser-driven (PICO2000) x-ray source, providing an unprecedented simultaneous high spatial (24 µm) and temporal (10 ps) resolution. This experiment provides relevant data to compare with astrophysical codes, as observational data on the development of RTI at the early stage of the SNR expansion are missing. A comparison is also performed with FLASH radiative magneto-hydrodynamic simulations.
Published: 2019
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10. Collective Thomson scattering measurements of electron feature using stimulated Brillouin scattering in laser-produced plasmas

Author: Shogo Isayama, S. Sakata, Hsu-Hsin Chu, S. Tomiya, M. Koenig, H. Shimogawara, Shinsuke Fujioka, T. Y. Huang, Y. L. Liu, C. H. Chen, C. W. Peng, Kentaro Tomita, N. Khasanah, Kiichiro Uchino, Toseo Moritaka, Yoichi Sakawa, K. Sakai, Nima Bolouki, Yuta Sato, Ryo Yamazaki, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, Sadaoki Kojima, Y. Hara, Y. Shoji, Taichi Morita, Shuichi Matsukiyo, National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), Osaka University [Osaka], Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, and Kyushu University
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron density, Radiation, Drift velocity, Materials science, Thomson scattering, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Electron, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, Brillouin scattering, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Electron temperature, 010306 general physics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Collective Thomson scattering (CTS) has been applied to laser-produced plasmas with Gekko XII HIPER laser facility. A scheme of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has been used in CTS measurements for the first time. Utilizing SBS shortens the probe pulse, which increases the scattered power, and thus collected scattered signal of CTS. Therefore, a lower energy probe laser can be used for given background emission levels to avoid probe heating, which is crucial for plasmas with low electron temperature. Both electron and ion features of CTS have been successfully detected by using the SBS technique. The spatial profile of electron density, temperature, and drift velocity have been estimated in an ablation plasma. In addition to the local measurements with CTS, a global structure of plasmas has been obtained with optical imaging of the self-emission of plasmas and the interferometry. In the aspects of drift velocity and plasma density, the local and global information are in good agreement.
Published: 2019
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11. From ICF to laboratory astrophysics: ablative and classical Rayleigh–Taylor instability experiments in turbulent-like regimes

Author: Igor V. Igumenshchev, N. Izumi, D. Q. Lamb, Shahab Khan, G. Rigon, Laurent Masse, J. M. Di Nicola, Vladimir Tikhonchuk, J. Ballet, Takayoshi Sano, C. Mailliet, P. Di Nicola, Youichi Sakawa, David Martinez, S. Liberatore, V. A. Smalyuk, E. Le Bel, Emeric Falize, T. Michel, M. Koenig, Bruno Albertazzi, Daniel H. Kalantar, Petros Tzeferacos, Bruce Remington, Alexis Casner, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-CE30-0011,TurbOHEDP,Expériences d'Hydrodynamique turbulente dans des plasmas denses et chauds(2015), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Turbulence, Visible radiation, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, Instability, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Ablative case, Energy density, Rayleigh–Taylor instability, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019
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12. Supersonic plasma turbulence in the laboratory

Author: Petros Tzeferacos, R.J. Clarke, Robbie Scott, R. Heathcote, A. F. A. Bott, Leonard N. K. Döhl, M. Koenig, Gwenael Giacinti, M. P. Selwood, Nigel Woolsey, D. Q. Lamb, Anthony R. Bell, Th. Michel, Francesco Miniati, Jena Meinecke, M. M. Notley, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, Dongsu Ryu, Subir Sarkar, Jonathan Squire, Thomas G. White, M. Kühn-Kauffeldt, M. Oliver, Youichi Sakawa, John E. Foster, P. Graham, Gianluca Gregori, Robert Bingham, Alexander Schekochihin, P. Mabey, Brian Reville, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Nevada [Reno], Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg], University of York [York, UK], STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), University of Strathclyde [Glasgow], Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Osaka University [Osaka], University of Chicago, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Institute of laser Engineering, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], and University of Oxford
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Astrophysical plasmas, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Plasma physics, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Supersonic speed, lcsh:Science, QC, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Star formation, Turbulence, Molecular cloud, General Chemistry, Laser-produced plasmas, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Galaxy, Computational physics, Interstellar medium, 030104 developmental biology, Mach number, 13. Climate action, Physics::Space Physics, Compressibility, symbols, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: The properties of supersonic, compressible plasma turbulence determine the behavior of many terrestrial and astrophysical systems. In the interstellar medium and molecular clouds, compressible turbulence plays a vital role in star formation and the evolution of our galaxy. Observations of the density and velocity power spectra in the Orion B and Perseus molecular clouds show large deviations from those predicted for incompressible turbulence. Hydrodynamic simulations attribute this to the high Mach number in the interstellar medium (ISM), although the exact details of this dependence are not well understood. Here we investigate experimentally the statistical behavior of boundary-free supersonic turbulence created by the collision of two laser-driven high-velocity turbulent plasma jets. The Mach number dependence of the slopes of the density and velocity power spectra agree with astrophysical observations, and supports the notion that the turbulence transitions from being Kolmogorov-like at low Mach number to being more Burgers-like at higher Mach numbers., Supersonic turbulence is relevant to astrophysical plasmas with their study mostly limited to numerical simulations. Here the authors demonstrate supersonic turbulence in collisional high Mach number plasma jets generated in laboratory by using high power lasers.
Published: 2019
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13. Laser-driven shock compression of 'synthetic planetary mixtures' of water, ethanol, and ammonia

Author: Ryosuke Kodama, Alessandra Ravasio, J.-A. Hernandez, Norimasa Ozaki, Kohei Miyanishi, M. Koenig, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Martin French, Takayoshi Sano, Erik Brambrink, Yasunori Fujimoto, R. Bolis, Yuhei Umeda, F. Lefevre, Mandy Bethkenhagen, Takuo Okuchi, P. Barroso, Tommaso Vinci, Ronald Redmer, M. Guarguaglini, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Okayama University, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik [Rostock], Osaka University [Osaka], ANR POMPEI (Grant No. ANR-16-CE31-0008), and ANR-16-CE31-0008,POMPEI,Propriétés de Mélanges de H2ONH3CH4 d'interet pour les intérieurs planétaires et les exoplanètes.(2016)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Materials science, Thermodynamic state, Chemical physics, Science, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neptune, Planet, Giant planets, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Adiabatic process, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Exoplanets, Uranus, Laser-produced plasmas, Computational physics, Shock (mechanics), Boundary layer, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Medicine, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Ice giant
Abstract: Water, methane, and ammonia are commonly considered to be the key components of the interiors of Uranus and Neptune. Modelling the planets’ internal structure, evolution, and dynamo heavily relies on the properties of the complex mixtures with uncertain exact composition in their deep interiors. Therefore, characterising icy mixtures with varying composition at planetary conditions of several hundred gigapascal and a few thousand Kelvin is crucial to improve our understanding of the ice giants. In this work, pure water, a water-ethanol mixture, and a water-ethanol-ammonia “synthetic planetary mixture” (SPM) have been compressed through laser-driven decaying shocks along their principal Hugoniot curves up to 270, 280, and 260 GPa, respectively. Measured temperatures spanned from 4000 to 25000 K, just above the coldest predicted adiabatic Uranus and Neptune profiles (3000–4000 K) but more similar to those predicted by more recent models including a thermal boundary layer (7000–14000 K). The experiments were performed at the GEKKO XII and LULI2000 laser facilities using standard optical diagnostics (Doppler velocimetry and optical pyrometry) to measure the thermodynamic state and the shock-front reflectivity at two different wavelengths. The results show that water and the mixtures undergo a similar compression path under single shock loading in agreement with Density Functional Theory Molecular Dynamics (DFT-MD) calculations using the Linear Mixing Approximation (LMA). On the contrary, their shock-front reflectivities behave differently by what concerns both the onset pressures and the saturation values, with possible impact on planetary dynamos.
Published: 2019
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14. Advanced high resolution x-ray diagnostic for HEDP experiments

Author: Th. Michel, G. Rigon, S. S. Makarov, Makina Yabashi, K. A. Tanaka, Tetsuya Matsuoka, T. Yabuuchi, Kohei Miyanishi, Tatiana Pikuz, Alexey Buzmakov, Alexis Casner, S. A. Pikuz, Tadashi Togashi, Ryosuke Kodama, A. Faenov, Yuichi Inubushi, P. Mabey, Bruno Albertazzi, Norimasa Ozaki, Kento Katagiri, M. Koenig, K. Takahashi, Osaka University [Osaka], Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the RAS (JIHT), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn IFIN HH, ELI NP Dept, Reactorului Str 30, Magurele 077125, Romania, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute [Hyogo] (JASRI), RIKEN SPring-8 Center [Hyogo] (RIKEN RSC), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Materials science, Science, X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL), Context (language use), Field of view, 01 natural sciences, Article, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Plasma physics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, Free-electron lasers, 0103 physical sciences, X-rays, High-energy Density Physics (HEDP), 010306 general physics, Image resolution, Multidisciplinary, HEDP Experiments, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), Detector, Free-electron laser, Phase-contrast imaging, LiF Detector, Medicine, Monochromatic color, business, XFEL Beam
Abstract: High resolution X-ray imaging is crucial for many high energy density physics (HEDP) experiments. Recently developed techniques to improve resolution have, however, come at the cost of a decreased field of view. In this paper, an innovative experimental detector for X-ray imaging in the context of HEDP experiments with high spatial resolution, as well as a large field of view, is presented. The platform is based on coupling an X-ray backligther source with a Lithium Fluoride detector, characterized by its large dynamic range. A spatial resolution of 2 µm over a field of view greater than 2 mm2 is reported. The platform was benchmarked with both an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) and an X-ray source produced by a short pulse laser. First, using a non-coherent short pulse laser-produced backlighter, reduced penumbra blurring, as a result of the large size of the X-ray source, is shown. Secondly, we demonstrate phase contrast imaging with a fully coherent monochromatic XFEL beam. Modeling of the absorption and phase contrast transmission of X-ray radiation passing through various targets is presented.
Published: 2018
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15. Development of new diagnostics based on LiF detector for pump-probe experiments

Author: Bruno Albertazzi, Kazuo Tanaka, Kohei Miyanishi, Tatiana Pikuz, Satoshi Matsuyama, Alexei N. Grum-Grzhimailo, Haruhiko Ohashi, Igor Yu. Skobelev, Norimasa Ozaki, T. Yabuuchi, G. Rigon, Hideaki Habara, Ryosuke Kodama, Alexis Casner, T. Ishikawa, Takeshi Matsuoka, Kento Katagiri, S. S. Makarov, Yuichi Inubushi, Kazuto Yamauchi, Makina Yabashi, S. A. Pikuz, A. Y. Faenov, Tadashi Togashi, N. J. Hartley, M. Koenig, Hirokatsu Yumoto, Yoshinori Tange, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the RAS (JIHT), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University [Osaka], Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Center for Ultrafast Optical Sciences (CUOS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Graduate School of Engineering Science [Osaka], Osaka University, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of laser Engineering, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, affiliation inconnue, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute [Hyogo] (JASRI), RIKEN SPring-8 Center [Hyogo] (RIKEN RSC), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], Extreme Light Infrastruture - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyoto University [Kyoto], Graduate School of Engineering, Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), Graduate School of Engineering Science [Toyonaka, Osaka], Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Kyoto University
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Physics::Optics, Cat's-whisker detector, Field of view, 02 engineering and technology, Laser pumping, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, SACLA, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, High dynamic range, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, Detector, Free-electron laser, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, lcsh:QC770-798, Physics::Accelerator Physics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: We present new diagnostics for use in optical laser pump - X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) probe experiments to monitor dimensions, intensity profile and focusability of the XFEL beam and to control initial quality and homogeneity of targets to be driven by optical laser pulse. By developing X-ray imaging, based on the use of an LiF crystal detector, we were able to measure the distribution of energy inside a hard X-ray beam with unprecedented high spatial resolution (∼1 μm) and across a field of view larger than some millimetres. This diagnostic can be used in situ, provides a very high dynamic range, has an extremely limited cost, and is relatively easy to be implemented in pump-probe experiments. The proposed methods were successfully applied in pump-probe experiments at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) XFEL facility and its potential was demonstrated for current and future High Energy Density Science experiments.We present new diagnostics for use in optical laser pump - X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) probe experiments to monitor dimensions, intensity profile and focusability of the XFEL beam and to control initial quality and homogeneity of targets to be driven by optical laser pulse. By developing X-ray imaging, based on the use of an LiF crystal detector, we were able to measure the distribution of energy inside a hard X-ray beam with unprecedented high spatial resolution (∼1 μm) and across a field of view larger than some millimetres. This diagnostic can be used in situ, provides a very high dynamic range, has an extremely limited cost, and is relatively easy to be implemented in pump-probe experiments. The proposed methods were successfully applied in pump-probe experiments at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) XFEL facility and its potential was demonstrated for current and future High Energy Density Science experiments.
Published: 2018
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16. Magnetic reconnection driven by electron dynamics

Author: Youichi Sakawa, Takayoshi Sano, Christopher D. Gregory, Shuichi Matsukiyo, Y. L. Liu, Toseo Moritaka, Taichi Morita, Hideaki Takabe, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, M. Koenig, Masahiro Hoshino, Kentaro Tomita, Nigel Woolsey, Shih Hung Chen, Osaka University [Osaka], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), University of York [York, UK], Kyushu University [Fukuoka], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), and Kyushu University
Subjects: Astrophysical plasmas, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasmoid, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Magnetic pressure, lcsh:Science, 010306 general physics, Physics, Solar physics, Multidisciplinary, Magnetic energy, Magnetic reconnection, General Chemistry, Plasma, Laser-produced plasmas, equipment and supplies, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Computational physics, Magnetic field, Physics::Space Physics, Magnetospheric physics, lcsh:Q, human activities
Abstract: Magnetic reconnections play essential roles in space, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas, where the anti-parallel magnetic field components re-connect and the magnetic energy is converted to the plasma energy as Alfvénic out flows. Although the electron dynamics is considered to be essential, it is highly challenging to observe electron scale reconnections. Here we show the experimental results on an electron scale reconnection driven by the electron dynamics in laser-produced plasmas. We apply a weak-external magnetic field in the direction perpendicular to the plasma propagation, where the magnetic field is directly coupled with only the electrons but not for the ions. Since the kinetic pressure of plasma is much larger than the magnetic pressure, the magnetic field is distorted and locally anti-parallel. We observe plasma collimations, cusp and plasmoid like features with optical diagnostics. The plasmoid propagates at the electron Alfvén velocity, indicating a reconnection driven by the electron dynamics., Magnetic reconnection is the process of releasing energy by magnetized and space plasma. Here the authors report experimental observation of magnetic reconnection in laser-produced plasma and the role of electron scaling on reconnection.
Published: 2018
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17. X-ray absorption K edge as a diagnostic of the electronic temperature in warm dense aluminum

Author: Todd H. Hall, F. Festa, Anna Lévy, Erik Brambrink, Stephane Mazevet, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Fabien Dorchies, Alessandra Ravasio, V. Recoules, Olivier Peyrusse, M. Koenig, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institute for Academic Initiatives, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Scattering, Extrapolation, X-ray, chemistry.chemical_element, Warm dense matter, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Imaging phantom, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, K-edge, Aluminium, 0103 physical sciences, Absorption (logic), 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The use of the x-ray absorption $K$-edge slope is investigated as a model-free diagnostic of the electronic temperature in warm dense matter. Data are reported for aluminum in a wide domain of densities (approximately one to three times the solid density) and temperatures ($\ensuremath{\sim}0.1--10\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$). Measurements are obtained from laser-shock compression where both temperature and density are independently determined from optical diagnostics. They are compared with two different theoretical approaches, respectively, based on quantum molecular dynamics and multiple scattering. Extrapolation for other absorption edges and materials is discussed.
Published: 2015
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18. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of iron at multimegabar pressures in laser shock experiments

Author: C. Fourment, Norimasa Ozaki, Jérôme Gaudin, Marion Harmand, Bob Nagler, Ryosuke Kodama, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Fabien Dorchies, Guillaume Morard, A. Denoeud, Yiping Feng, J. Bouchet, Stephane Mazevet, Kohei Miyanishi, Diling Zhu, R. Musella, Sven Toleikis, Tommaso Vinci, M. Koenig, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Alessandra Ravasio, François Guyot, Ulf Zastrau, H. J. Lee, V. Recoules, Eric Galtier, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, affiliation inconnue, European XFEL GmbH (XFEL), European XFEL GmbH, Photone Sciences, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], ANR-12-PDOC-0011,IronFEL,Le fer et ses alliages sous conditions extrèmes et sondés par diagnostiques X sur les installations FEL et lasers intenses(2012), ANR-12-BS04-0015,PlanetLab,Propriètés des planètes et des exoplanètes en laboratoire(2012), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Materials science, Free-electron laser, Diamond, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, XANES, Spectral line, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Abstract: International audience; Taking advantage of the new opportunities provided by x-ray free electron laser (FEL) sources when coupled to a long laser pulse as available at the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS), we have performed x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) of laser shock compressed iron up to 420 GPa (±50) and 10 800 K (±1390). Visible diagnostics coupled with hydrodynamic simulations were used to infer the thermodynamical conditions along the Hugoniot and the release adiabat. A modification of the pre-edge feature at 7.12 keV in the XANES spectra is observed above pressures of 260 GPa along the Hugoniot. Comparing with ab initio calculations and with previous laser-heated diamond cell data, we propose that such changes in the XANES pre-edge could be a signature of molten iron. This interpretation then suggests that iron is molten at pressures and temperatures higher than 260 GPa (±29) and 5680 K (±700) along the principal Fe Hugoniot.
Published: 2015
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19. Experiments to investigate the effects of radiative cooling on plasma jet collimation

Author: Youichi Sakawa, Nigel Woolsey, Alessandra Ravasio, Berenice Loupias, A. Dizière, M. Koenig, Hideaki Takabe, S. A. Pikuz, Claire Michaut, H. Aoki, Emeric Falize, Taichi Morita, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, H. Tanji, Christopher D. Gregory, T. Ide, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Osaka University [Osaka], Institute of laser Engineering, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Kyushu University
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiative cooling, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Collimated light, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, Aluminium, law, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Jet (fluid), Radiation, business.industry, Plasma, Laser, Copper, chemistry, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Preliminary experiments have been performed to investigate the effects of radiative cooling on plasma jets. Thin (3 μm–5 μm) conical shells were irradiated with an intense laser, driving jets with velocities >100 km s−1. Through the use of different targets materials – aluminium, copper and gold – the degree of radiative losses was altered, and their importance for jet collimation investigated. A number of temporally-resolved optical diagnostics was used, providing information about the jet evolution. Gold jets were seen to be narrower than those from copper targets, while aluminium targets produced the least collimated flows.
Published: 2014
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20. Modeling HEDLA magnetic field generation experiments on laser facilities

Author: Roman Yurchak, Milad Fatenejad, Norbert Flocke, Gianluca Gregori, Dongwook Lee, A. Pelka, Anthony R. Bell, R. P. Drake, Rachel Young, H.-S. Park, Klaus Weide, Nigel Woolsey, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, Brian Reville, R. Crowston, Anthony Scopatz, Alessandra Ravasio, M. Koenig, Christine Krauland, D. Q. Lamb, Bruce Remington, Francesco Miniati, C. D. Murphy, Jena Meinecke, Petros Tzeferacos, Jean-Raphael Marques, Flash Center for Computational Science (FCCS), University of Chicago, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom, Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics [Jeddah], King Abdulaziz University, Physics Department, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Institute of Radiation Physics [Dresden], Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Department of Physics, and University of Oxford
Subjects: Shock wave, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Magnetic field, Induction coil, Flash (photography), Optics, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Magnetohydrodynamics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Blast wave, Helium, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The Flash Center is engaged in a collaboration to simulate laser driven experiments aimed at understanding the generation and amplification of cosmological magnetic fields using the FLASH code. In these experiments a laser illuminates a solid plastic or graphite target launching an asymmetric blast wave into a chamber which contains either Helium or Argon at millibar pressures. Induction coils placed several centimeters away from the target detect large scale magnetic fields on the order of tens to hundreds of Gauss. The time dependence of the magnetic field is consistent with generation via the Biermann battery mechanism near the blast wave. Attempts to perform simulations of these experiments using the FLASH code have uncovered previously unreported numerical difficulties in modeling the Biermann battery mechanism near shock waves which can lead to the production of large non-physical magnetic fields. We report on these difficulties and offer a potential solution. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Published: 2013
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21. The PETAL+ project: X-ray and charged particle diagnostics for plasma experiments at LMJ-PETAL

Author: C. Reverdin, R. Wrobel, I. Lantuejoul-Thfoin, S. Hulin, C. Szabo-Foster, Dimitri Batani, S. Bastiani-Ceccotti, J. L. Miquel, Erik Lefebvre, J.-E. Ducret, Erik Brambrink, L. Serani, A. Compant La Fontaine, T. Ceccotti, Emmanuel d'Humières, M. Koenig, S. Dobosz-Dufrenoy, Jean-Raphael Marques, N. Blanchot, Alexis Casner, Julien Fuchs, A. Duval, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules (SPAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), INSTRU, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron spectrometer, Spectrometer, business.industry, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Charged particle, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Proton radiography, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, business, National Ignition Facility, Instrumentation, Inertial confinement fusion, Laser Mégajoule
Abstract: The first experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in the US started and will be followed by the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) in France. Such facilities will provide unique tools for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) physics & for basic science. A petawatt short pulse laser (ps) is being added to the ns pulse beams of the LMJ. This is PETAL (PETawatt Aquitaine Laser), under construction on the LMJ site near Bordeaux (France). The Petal+ project is aiming at the design and construction of diagnostics dedicated to experiments with PETAL and LMJ laser beams. Within Petal+, three types of diagnostics are under study: a proton spectrometer, an electron spectrometer and a large-band X-ray spectrometer. The first goal of these diagnostics will be to characterize the secondary radiation and particle sources produced with PETAL. They will also be used for experiments using both ns and ps beams. In the present paper emphasis is put on the charged-particle diagnostics.
Published: 2013
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22. Direct laser-driven ramp compression studies of iron: A first step toward the reproduction of planetary core conditions

Author: François Guyot, T. R. Boehly, Olivier Henry, Ryosuke Kodama, Norimasa Ozaki, N. Amadou, Tommaso Vinci, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Erik Brambrink, M. Koenig, G. Huser, Guillaume Morard, D. Raffestin, T. de Rességuier, Stephane Mazevet, K. Myanishi, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Centre d'études scientifiques et techniques d'Aquitaine (CESTA), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, Phase transition, Materials science, Iron, Thermodynamics, Laser, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Isentropic compression, 010306 general physics, Shock compression, Radiation, Planetary core, Mechanics, Melting line, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Compression (physics), Shock (mechanics), Planet interior, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The study of iron under quasi-isentropic compression using high energy lasers, might allow to understand its thermodynamical properties, in particular its melting line in conditions of pressure and temperature relevant to Earth-like planetary cores (330e1500 GPa, 5000e8000 K). However, the iron alphaepsilon solidesolid phase transition at 13 GPa favors shock formation during the quasi-isentropic compression process which can depart from the appropriate thermodynamical path. Understanding this shock formation mechanism is a key issue for being able to reproduce Earth-like planetary core conditions in the laboratory by ramp compression. In this article, we will present recent results of direct laser-driven quasi-isentropic compression experiments on iron samples obtained on the LULI 2000 and LIL laser facilities
Published: 2013
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23. High-energy density laboratory astrophysics studies of accretion shocks in magnetic cataclysmic variables

Author: A. Dizière, Claire Michaut, Emeric Falize, Berenice Loupias, C. Cavet, Alessandra Ravasio, C. Busschaert, M. Koenig, Christopher D. Gregory, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, High-energy astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Plasma, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Accretion (astrophysics), 0103 physical sciences, Energy density, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: In this paper we present the experimental simulation of the accretion column in magnetic cataclysmic variables using high-power lasers. With an appropriate target and adapted diagnostics, the dynamics and the main physical properties of laboratory accreting plasma have been characterised. The results obtained validate the experimental design and prove the formation of a reverse shock which compresses and heats the accreting plasma. The data are compared to 2D radiation hydrodynamic simulations, confirming the experimental scenario.
Published: 2012
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24. LASER-DRIVEN QUASI-ISENTROPIC COMPRESSION EXPERIMENTS AND NUMERICAL STUDIES OF THE IRON ALPHA-EPSILON TRANSITION IN THE CONTEXT OF PLANETOLOGY

Author: Erik Brambrink, N. Amadou, Thibaut de Resseguier, Kohei Miyanishi, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Stephane Mazevet, Tommaso Vinci, François Guyot, Guillaume Morard, M. Koenig, Norimasa Ozaki, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ENSMA, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Graduate School of Engineering, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Engineering [Osaka], Osaka University [Osaka], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Engineering [Suita, Osaka], and ANR-07-BLAN-0239,SECHEL,Simulating Earth Core with High Energy Lasers(2007)
Subjects: Phase transition, Materials science, phase transformation, Thermodynamics, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Context (language use), Data compression ratio, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Janus laser, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Compression (physics), Plateau (mathematics), Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Shock (mechanics), iron, 13. Climate action, law, 0103 physical sciences, Isentropic compression, PACS : 52.50.Jm, 91.35.Cb, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The iron alpha-epsilon transition is one of the most studied solid-solid phase transitions. However, for quasi-isentropic compression, the dynamic influences of this transition on the high pressure states of iron are still unknown. We present experimental results and numerical simulations to study these effects. Experiments performed at LULI2000 and the Janus laser facility (LLNL), using two different ramp shapes and different compression rates allowed us to study the dynamics of the alpha-epsilon transition. We have observed the transition at particle velocities ranging from 0.25 km/s to 0.52 km/s depending on the compression rate. Depending on the ramp, either a shock formation was observed (high compression rate) at the transition or a flat plateau whose duration is function of compression rate. This plateau results from the interaction of the phase transition dynamic with a small shock precursor at the beginning of the laser ramp. Increasing the compression rate leads to a smaller plateau duration. These results are important for reproducing Earth and Super-earth core conditions (2-15Mbar, 5-15000K) in the laboratory where the quasi-isentropic compression is the most promising experimental scheme.
Published: 2012
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25. Can proton radiography be used to image imploding target in ICF experiments ?

Author: C. Regan, Andrea Sgattoni, C. Spindloe, K. L. Lancaster, B. Vauzour, Carlo Benedetti, Petra Koester, Fabien Dorchies, M. Koenig, Maria Richetta, Luca Volpe, S. Hulin, R. Heathcote, C. Fourment, Marco Galimberti, L. A. Gizzi, L. Labate, M. Tolley, F. Perez, Ph. Nicolaï, J. J. Santos, S. D. Baton, Dimitri Batani, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Hein, J. and Silva, L. O. and Korn, G. and Gizzi, L. A. and Edwards, C., Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Proton, business.industry, Scattering, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Implosion, Electron, Laser, Hard x-rays, Collimated light, law.invention, Settore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica, Modelli e Metodi Matematici, Optics, Multiple scattering, law, HiPER, Numerical simulations, Picosecond phenomena, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Inertial confinement fusion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Laser energy
Abstract: Generation of high intensity and well collimated multi energetic proton beams from laser-matter interaction extend the possibility to use protons as a diagnostic to image imploding target in Inertial Confinement Fusion experiments. An experiment was done at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (Vulcan Laser Petawatt laser) to study fast electron propagation in cylindrically compressed targets, a subject of interest for fast ignition. This was performed in the framework of the experimental road map of HiPER (the European High Power laser Energy Research facility Project). In the experiment, protons accelerated by a ps-laser pulse were used to radiograph a 220 m diameter cylinder (20 m wall, filled with low density foam), imploded with 200 J of green laser light in 4 symmetrically incident beams of pulse length 1 ns. Point projection proton backlighting was used to get the compression history and the stagnation time. Detailed comparison with 2D numerical hydro simulations has been done using a Monte Carlo code adapted to describe multiple scattering and plasma effects and with those from hard X-ray radiography. These analysis shows that due to the very large mass densities reached during implosion processes, protons traveling through the target undergo a very large number of collisions which deviate protons from their original trajectory reducing proton radiography resolution. Here we present a simple analytical model to study the proton radiography diagnostic performance as a function of the main experimental parameters such as proton beam energy and target areal density. This approach leads to define two different criteria for PR resolution (called "strong" and "weak" condition) describing different experimental conditions. Finally numerical simulations using both hydrodynamic and Monte Carlo codes are presented to validate analytical predictions.
Published: 2011

26. The scalability of the accretion column in magnetic cataclysmic variables: the POLAR project

Author: C. Cavet, Claire Michaut, A. Dizière, Youichi Sakawa, Taichi Morita, Hideaki Takabe, Emeric Falize, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, Jérôme Breil, Nigel Woolsey, S. A. Pikuz, Xavier Ribeyre, M. Koenig, Wigen Nazarov, Alessandra Ravasio, Berenice Loupias, J. P. Leidinger, P. Barroso, Christopher D. Gregory, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, and Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Science
Subjects: Physics, Scaling law, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Experimental laboratory, Accretion (astrophysics), Cosmology, Space and Planetary Science, Scalability, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Polar, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, theoretical and experimental laboratory astrophysics results are presented from the POLAR project, the main focus of which is to design and diagnose an exact scaled accretion column using powerful lasers. These measurements allow the testing of the astrophysical models of accretion processes present in magnetic cataclysmic variables.
Published: 2011
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27. Electronic Structure Investigation of Highly Compressed Aluminum with K Edge Absorption Spectroscopy

Author: N. Amadou, Anna Lévy, Alessandra Ravasio, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, V. Recoules, Todd H. Hall, Olivier Peyrusse, Fabien Dorchies, Stephane Mazevet, Erik Brambrink, F. Festa, M. Koenig, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure, Absorption spectroscopy, General Physics and Astronomy, Electronic structure, Plasma, Edge (geometry), Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, X-ray absorption fine structure, law.invention, K-edge, law, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: International audience; The electronic structure evolution of highly compressed aluminum has been investigated using timeresolved $K$ edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy. A long laser pulse (500 ps, I$_L$ $\approx$ 8 X 10$^{13}$ W/cm$^2$) wasused to create a uniform shock. A second ps pulse (I$_L$ $\approx$ 10$^{17}$ W/cm$^2$) generated an ultrashort broadbandx-ray source near the Al $K$ edge. The main target was designed to probe aluminum at reshocked conditionsup to now unexplored (3 times the solid density and temperatures around 8 eV). The hydrodynamicalconditions were obtained using rear side visible diagnostics. Data were compared to ${ab}$ ${initio}$ and denseplasma calculations, indicating potential improvements in either description. This comparison shows thatx-ray-absorption near-edge structure measurements provide a unique capability to probe matter at theseextreme conditions and severally constrains theoretical approaches currently used.
Published: 2011
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28. Astrophysical outflows simulated by laser-driven plasma jets

Author: C. Michaut, A. Diziere, Serge Bouquet, Tommaso Vinci, Alessandra Ravasio, Emeric Falize, Berenice Loupias, Christopher D. Gregory, M. Koenig, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Physics, Jet (fluid), Young stellar object, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Plasma, Laser, law.invention, Interstellar medium, Astrophysical jet, Space and Planetary Science, law, Radiative transfer, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Within the framework of laboratory astrophysics, we form a qualified multidisciplinary group in radiative hydrodynamics. Since 10 years, we have developed laboratory experiments as radiative shocks and plasma jets in connection to astrophysics. Such laboratory experiments provide a unique opportunity to validate models and numerical schemes introduced in radiative hydrodynamics codes. Here we summarize our experimental researches about plasma jets. Laboratory astrophysical experiments have been performed using LULI2000 (France), VULCAN (UK) and GEKKO XII (Japan) intense lasers. The goal of these experiments is to investigate some of the complex features of jets from Young Stellar Objects (YSO), and in particular its interaction with the interstellar medium (ISM).
Published: 2010
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29. High-power laser shock-induced dynamic fragmentation of iron foils

Author: F. Occelli, A. Diziere, Erik Brambrink, Tommaso Vinci, Guillaume Morard, T. de Rességuier, Huigang Wei, E. Lescoute, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, François Guyot, Guillaume Fiquet, M. Koenig, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pprime (PPRIME), ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Scanning electron microscope, PACS : 64.70.dj, 91.35.Lj, 62.50.Ef, 81.30. t, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Electron, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Spall, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Interferometry, Optics, law, Free surface, 0103 physical sciences, Ultimate tensile strength, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Phase diagram
Abstract: International audience; High-power laser shots were performed on 100- m-thick iron foils, leading to shock loading pressures ranging from about 100 to 300 GPa. Free surface velocities were measured by interferometry. Ejected fragments recovered on polycarbonate shields were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Particle-size distributions were extracted from backscattered electrons images. These distributions, as well as the morphologies of fragments and the values of the tensile strength, change abruptly with increasing laser intensity. One-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations were performed in order to interpret these evolutions. By comparison with recent static measurements and calculations of the iron phase diagram, the BLF Bushman, Lomonosov and Fortov equation of state was inferred to provide more realistic predictions than SESAME 2150 at the highest pressures investigated. The calculated decompression paths show that spall fracturation took place in the solid state, either in or in iron, this phase difference being the simplest hypothesis for explaining the changes observed in the fragmentation behavior.
Published: 2010
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30. Proton Radiography and Fast Electron Propogation Through Cyliderically Compressed Targets

Author: S. Chawla, D Higginson, B. Vauzour, J. J. Santos, Carlo Benedetti, R. Heathcote, C. Fourment, Andrea Sgattoni, Marco Galimberti, M. Tolley, Petra Koester, A. J. Mackinnon, Duck-Hee Kwon, Erik Brambrink, Maria Richetta, Luca Volpe, John Pasley, C. Spindloe, M. Koenig, Philippe Nicolai, L. Labate, F. Perez, Fabien Dorchies, F. N. Beg, Yongjoo Rhee, L. A. Gizzi, A. McPhee, S. D. Baton, Kate Lancaster, Dimitri Batani, Rashida Jafer, S. Hulin, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Instituto di Fisica e Molecolare, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), International Institute of Clinical Studies, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Proton, Spectrometer, business.industry, Monte Carlo method, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma, Electron, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, HiPER, 010306 general physics, business, Beam (structure), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The paper describes the key points contained in the short term HiPER (High Power laser Energy Research) experimental road map, as well as the results of two phases of the experiment performed in "HiPER dedicated time slots. Experimental and theoretical results of relativistic electron transport in cylindrically compressed matter are presented. This experiment was achieved at the VULCAN laser facility (UK) by using four long pulse beams (similar to 4 x 50 J, 1 us, at 0.53 mu m) to compress a hollow plastic cylinder filled with plastic foam of three different densities (0.1, 0.3, and 1 g cm(-3)). In the first phase of the experiment, protons accelerated by a picosecond laser pulse were used to radiograph a cylinder filled with 0.1 g/cc foam. Point projection proton backlighting was used to measure the degree of compression as well as the stagnation time. Results were compared to those from hard X-ray radiography. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations of proton propagation in cold and compressed targets allowed a detailed, comparison with 2D numerical hydro simulations. 2D simulations predict a density of 2-5 g cm(-3) and a plasma temperature up to 100 eV at maximum compression. In the second phase of the experiment, a short pulse (10 ps, 160 J) beam generated fast electrons that propagated through the compressed matter by irradiating a nickel foil at an intensity of 5 x 10(18) Wcm(-2). X-ray spectrometer and imagers were implemented in order to estimate the compressed plasma conditions and to infer the hot electron characteristics. Results are discussed and compared with simulations.
Published: 2010

31. X-ray diagnostics of fast electrons propagation in high density plasmas obtained by cylindrical compression

Author: John Pasley, Wigen Nazarov, L. Labate, S. Hulin, L. A. Gizzi, F. Perez, S. D. Baton, P. Köster, Xavier Ribeyre, J. J. Santos, M. Koenig, Philippe Nicolai, Erik Brambrink, R. Jafer, Guy Schurtz, Andrea Sgattoni, Drew Higginson, F. N. Beg, Andrew MacPhee, Fabien Dorchies, A. J. Mackinnon, Maria Richetta, Christopher Spindloe, Luca Volpe, S. Chawla, Kate Lancaster, R. Heathcote, C. Fourment, Marco Galimberti, B. Vauzour, Carlo Benedetti, Dimitri Batani, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), International Institute of Clinical Studies, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: History, Materials science, Population, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Education, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, crystals, Cylinder, 010306 general physics, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, centered Lagrangian scheme, [PHYS]Physics [physics], education.field_of_study, Range (particle radiation), Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Plasma, plasmas, Laser, Compression (physics), Computer Science Applications, Core (optical fiber), flow problems, Atomic physics
Abstract: We report on X-ray diagnostics results from an experiment on fast electrons propagation in cylindrically compressed targets. It was performed on the VULCAN TAW laser facility at RAL (UK) using four long pulses (1ns, 70 J each at 2ω) to compress a cylindrical polyimide target filled with CH foam at 3 different initial densities. The cylindrical geometry allows us to reach temperatures and densities higher than those obtained in planar geometry compression. 2D hydrodynamic simulations predicted a core density range from 4 to 8 g/cm3 and a core temperature from 30 eV up to 175 eV at maximum compression. An additional short laser pulse (10 ps, 160 J at ω) was focused on a Ni foil at one of the cylinder edges in order to generate a fast electrons current propagating along the compressed target. A X-ray radiography diagnostic was implemented in order to estimate the core plasma conditions of the compressed cylinder. Moreover two Bragg X-ray spectrometers collected the Kα fluorescence from the target so as to determine the variations of fast electrons population during the compression.
Published: 2010

32. Analytical structure of steady radiative shocks in magnetic cataclysmic variables

Author: Claire Michaut, B. Loupias, M. Koenig, Serge Bouquet, A. Ravasio, Emeric Falize, C. Cavet, C. G. Gregory, Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée (DPTA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules (SPAM), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Physics, Accretion (meteorology), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Structure (category theory), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mechanics, Function (mathematics), Cosmology, Shock (mechanics), Classical mechanics, Space and Planetary Science, Radiative transfer, Polar, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Physical quantity
Abstract: International audience; In this paper we study specific classes of radiating shocks which are widely spread in astrophysical environments. We present new analytical solutions available for any exponents of typical power-law cooling function which generalize the five special cases (corresponding to specific values of these exponents) of radiating shocks structure and proceed to the analytical determination of physical quantities. Then an application of the results for the accretion shock in polar is realized. A discussion of the reproducibility of cooling layer in laboratory is proposed using scaling laws.
Published: 2009
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33. Smoothing of laser energy deposition by gas jets

Author: Dimitri Batani, Karel Masek, H. Stabile, R. Dudzak, V. Tikhoncuk, Jiri Limpouch, F. Canova, R. Redaelli, Roberto Benocci, Philippe Nicolai, G. Lucchini, E. Krousky, M. Koenig, Victor Malka, Miroslav Pfeifer, R. Dezulian, Jiri Skala, Jérôme Faure, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PALS Research Centre, Za Slovankou 3, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic, affiliation inconnue, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Batani, D, Benocci, R, Dezulian, R, Redaelli, R, Canova, F, Stabile, H, Lucchini, G, Malka, V, Faure, J, Koenig, M, Krousky, E, Masek, K, Pfeifer, M, Skala, J, Dudzak, R, Limpouch, J, Tikhoncuk, V, and Nicolai, P
Subjects: Materials science, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics::Optics, 01 natural sciences, Beam parameter product, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, Jet (fluid), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Argon, business.industry, Laser, Refraction, chemistry, Smoothing laser beam non-uniformities, gas jets, M squared, Prism, Laser beam quality, Atomic physics, business
Abstract: International audience; Smoothing of laser beam non-uniformities using gas jets has been studied. The experiment has been performed with the PALS laser working at 0.44 ?m with an intensity of about 1015 W/cm2. The laser beam has been split in two by a prism thus creating an artificial large-scale non-uniformity (?90 ?m). We recorded time resolved and static images of laser-gas jet interaction with and without an Al target. Multi 1D and 2D simulations show that such interaction acts redistributing the over-intensities over larger surface. This effect has to be attributed to ionization processes with consequent laser beam refraction. Results show that Argon gas jet produces a strong refraction of the laser beam thus strongly reducing the initial two spots separation. © EDP Sciences and Springer 2009.
Published: 2009
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34. Microstructural investigation of laser-shocked iron foils

Author: G. Morard, T. de Rességuier, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, T. Vinci, E. Lescoute, E. Brambrink, M. Koenig, H. Wei, A. Diziere, F. Occelli, G. Fiquet, F. Guyot, Mark Elert, Michael D. Furnish, William W. Anderson, William G. Proud, William T. Butler, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de combustion et de détonique (LCD), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Laser power density, Materials science, melting, Free surface velocity, Mineralogy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal morphology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, recovered ejected material, Laser-shock, law.invention, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, iron, 0203 mechanical engineering, law, 0103 physical sciences, Laser power scaling, PACS : 91.60.Gf, 81.30.Bx, 62.50.-p, Composite material, 010306 general physics
Abstract: International audience; High-power laser shots were carried out on 100 microns thick iron foils. The present paper is devoted to the study of recovered fragments. Analysis of the fragments morphology shows the influence of shock pressure on the fragmentation process. Evaluation of the fragment-size distribution is performed in function of the laser power and the measured free surface velocity. The results highlight a clear evolution with laser power density.
Published: 2009
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35. Experimental results to study astrophysical plasma jets using Intense Lasers

Author: M. Koenig, Hideaki Takabe, D. Seiichi, Serge Bouquet, B. Loupias, A. Ravasio, Wigen Nazarov, C. Michaut, C Gregory, S. A. Pikuz, Emeric Falize, J. N. Waugh, P. Barroso, M. Rabec Le Gloahec, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, Nigel Woolsey, Yoichi Sakawa, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Science, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Pôle instrumental, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews
Subjects: Physics, Jet (fluid), business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nozzle, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Plasma, Laser, law.invention, Interferometry, Optics, Astrophysical jet, Space and Planetary Science, law, Astrophysical plasma, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Pyrometer
Abstract: International audience; We present experimental results of plasma jet, interacted with an ambient medium, using intense lasers to investigate the complex features of astrophysical jets. This experiment was performed in France at the LULI facility, Ecole Polytechnique, using one long pulse laser to generate the jet and a short pulse laser to probe it by proton radiography. A foam filled cone target was used to generate high velocity plasma jet, and a gas jet nozzle produced the well known ambient medium. Using visible pyrometry and interferometry, we were able to measure the jet velocity and electronic density. We get a panel of measurements at various gas density and time delay. From these measurements, we could underline the growth of a perturbed shape of the jet interaction with the ambient medium. The reason of this last observation is still in debate and will be presented in the article.
Published: 2009
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36. Classification of and recent research involving radiative shocks

Author: M. Koenig, Tommaso Vinci, Serge Bouquet, R. P. Drake, A.B. Reighard, Emeric Falize, Claire Michaut, C. Cavet, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée (DPTA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan
Subjects: Physics, Radiative cooling, Radiant energy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Computational physics, Euler equations, symbols.namesake, Radiative flux, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, Mach number, Space and Planetary Science, symbols, Radiative transfer, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Dimensionless quantity
Abstract: Radiative shocks (RS) occur in astrophysical systems and in high-energy density laboratory experiments. Aided by three dimensionless parameters, we propose a classification of RS into four types, integrating previous work that has focused independently on optical depth and on Mach number. Specific terms, such as a cooling function, a radiative flux, or radiative energy and pressure must be added to the Euler equations in order to model these various kinds of shocks. We examine how these terms correspond to the radiative classification regimes. In astrophysics, observed RS arise generally in optically thin material. Thus, radiation escapes without interaction with the surrounding gas, except perhaps to ionize it, and the energy loss in such shocks can be modeled by a cooling function Λ. In this case only the post-shock region is structured by the radiation cooling. We found the analytical solution for hydrodynamic equations including Λ∝ ρ e P ζ x θ for arbitrary values of e, ζ, θ. This is a completely new result. An application of this calculation for the accretion shock in cataclysmic variables of polar type is given in astrophysical terms. We also draw a parallel between RS experiments performed using the LULI2000 laser facility, in France and the Omega laser Facility, in USA. RS developed in these laboratories are more or less optically thick. These high-Mach number RS present a radiative precursor.
Published: 2009
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37. Colliding plasma experiments to study astrophysical-jet relevant physics

Author: M. M. Notley, Emeric Falize, Serge Bouquet, Ryosuke Kodama, S. Myers, Nigel Woolsey, Yoichi Sakawa, M. Koenig, A. Oya, Berenice Loupias, J. Howe, Claire Michaut, Christopher D. Gregory, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée (DPTA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Jet (fluid), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Young stellar object, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Laser, Electromagnetic radiation, Computational physics, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Mach number, Astrophysical jet, Physics::Plasma Physics, Space and Planetary Science, law, symbols, Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Choked flow, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: International audience; We present the results of experiments in which jets are created through the collision of two laser-produced plasmas. These experiments use a simple `v-foil' target design: two thin foils are placed at an angle of 140° to each other, and irradiated with a high-energy laser. The plasmas from the rear face of these foils collide and drive plasma jets moving with a velocity of ˜300 km s-1. By choosing the foil thickness and material to suit the laser conditions available, it has proven possible to create plasma jets for which the relevant scaling parameters show significant overlap with those of outflows associated with young stellar objects (YSOs). Preliminary results are also shown from experiments to study the effect of an ambient gas on jet propagation. Nominally identical experiments are conducted either in vacuum or in an ambient medium of 5 mbar of nitrogen gas. The gas is seen to increase the jet collimation, and to introduce shock structures at the head of the outflow.
Published: 2009
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38. Coronal hydrodynamics of laser-produced plasmas

Author: M. Koenig, R. Dezulian, A. Aliverdiev, Victor Malka, Tommaso Vinci, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Dimitri Batani, Institute of Physics of Daghestan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of the Science, Russian Academy of Science (RAS), Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Russian Academy of the Science, and Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB)
Subjects: Radiation transport, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, Atomic physics, PACS 52.50.Jm, 52.38.−r, 52.70.−m, 52.65.−y, 010306 general physics
Abstract: International audience; We present the results of an experimental investigation of the temporal evolution of plasmas produced by high power laser irradiation of various types of target materials (at intensities I_L=400 ps). In this case, simulations also show that the effect of radiation transport is negligible. The situation is quite different for gold targets for which, in order to get a fair agreement, radiation transport must be taken into account.
Published: 2008
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39. Gas-induced smoothing of laser beams studied by interaction with thin foils

Author: H. Stabile, R. Redaelli, Jiri Skala, Jérôme Faure, Miroslav Pfeifer, R. Dezulian, Karel Masek, Vladimir Tikhonchuk, M. Koenig, G. Lucchini, Roberto Benocci, Victor Malka, F. Canova, E. Krousky, Dimitri Batani, R. Dudzak, Ph. Nicolaï, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PALS Research Centre, Czech Republic Research center, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Benocci, R, Batani, D, Dezulian, R, Redaelli, R, Lucchini, G, Canova, F, Stabile, H, Faure, J, Krousky, E, Masek, K, Pfeifer, M, Skala, J, Dudzak, R, Koenig, M, Tikhonchuk, V, Nicolai, P, Malka, V, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: PACS 52.50.Jm, 52.57.Fg, 52.38.-r, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, business.industry, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Beam parameter product, Homogenization (chemistry), 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Laser beam quality, Smoothing of laser beams, Inertial confinement fusion, 010306 general physics, business, Inertial confinement fusion, FOIL method
Abstract: International audience; We studied the process of laser beam homogenization in a gas medium placed in front of a thin metallic foil. Experiments were performed using the Prague PALS iodine laser working at 0.44 µm wavelength and irradiances of about 10^15 W cm^−2. Homogenization was detected both by directly analysing the transmitted laser beam and by studying the shock breakout on the foil rear side. Results show that the gas ionization by the laser pulse induces a strong refraction and produces an effective smoothing of large-scale intensity non-uniformities.
Published: 2008
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40. [Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay: Study of a family and review of the literature.]

Author: M, Anheim, D, Chaigne, M, Fleury, F M, Santorelli, J, De Sèze, A, Durr, A, Brice, M, Koenig, C, Tranchant, Neurology Department, CHU Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurologie [Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg-Hopital Civil, Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Unit of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS, Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]
Subjects: Adult, Male, Neurologic Examination, Genotype, Brain, Electroencephalography, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Pedigree, Cerebellum, Mutation, Disease Progression, Humans, Ataxia, Female, Heat-Shock Proteins
Abstract: The autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a cerebellar ataxia autosomal recessively inherited characterized by an ataxic and pyramidal syndrome usually occurring near two years of age. The spastic paraparesis progressively worsens and becomes the prominent sign. Sensorial and motor axonal peripheral neuropathy is frequently reported as well as prominent retinal myelinated fibers on fundus examination. Brain magnetic resonance imaging reveals a predominantly vermian cerebellar atrophy. Mutations in SACS gene on 13q11 are responsible for ARSACS. We report two patients from a non-consanguineous French family, affected with ARSACS, due to the compound heterozygous mutations p.Ala2558Val and p.Pro536Leu. The clinical presentation is in accordance with the previously described ARSACS cases, despite the presence of mental retardation, the predominantly demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, and the evidence of asymptomatic generalized spikes and waves on electroencephalography. We described the clinical heterogeneity in this family including the age at onset of the disease and the first signs as well as the rapidity of the disease progression. We present a review of the litterature on this rare disease mostly described in Quebec.
Published: 2008
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41. Astrophysical jet experiments

Author: S. A. Pikuz, Wigen Nazarov, M. M. Notley, A. Oya, M. Koenig, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, S. Myers, Christopher D. Gregory, C. Spindloe, Nigel Woolsey, Berenice Loupias, L. A. Wilson, S. Dono, Emeric Falize, P. Barroso, Claire Michaut, Serge Bouquet, Erik Brambrink, J. N. Waugh, Yoichi Sakawa, J. Howe, Ryosuke Kodama, M. J. V. Streeter, M. Rabec Le Gloahec, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle instrumental, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée (DPTA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Central Laser Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Dicot, and Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Science
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Proton radiography, Plasma jet, Perturbation (astronomy), respiratory system, equipment and supplies, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, complex mixtures, law.invention, Computational physics, Jet velocity, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Astrophysical jet, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], human activities, circulatory and respiratory physiology
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, three different experimental configurations designed to study jet propagation physics are presented. Each configuration uses a different target design: conical dimples in solid surfaces, hollow cones filled with foam and angled thin foils. When irradiated with a laser, these targets result in the launching of a plasma jet, the properties of which can be controlled by judicious choices of the target and laser parameters. Experimental results from these targets are shown, and the physics which may be studied with each of these targets is briefly discussed.
Published: 2008
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42. Current advances in smoothing of laser intensity profile

Author: R. Redaelli, G. Lucchini, Vladimir Tikhonchuk, R. Dezulian, M. Koenig, Jiri Skala, Miroslav Pfeifer, F. Canova, Jérôme Faure, Karel Masek, Roberto Benocci, H. Stabile, Victor Malka, Dimitri Batani, R. Dudzak, Ph. Nicolaï, E. Krousky, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PALS Research Centre, Czech Republic Research center, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Benocci, R, Batani, D, Dezulian, R, Redaelli, R, Lucchini, G, Canova, F, Stabile, H, Faure, J, Krousky, E, Masek, K, Pfeifer, M, Skala, J, Dudzak, R, Koenig, M, Tikhonchuk, V, Nicolai, P, Malka, V, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron density, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Radiation, Materials science, business.industry, laser-generated plasma, laser smoothing technique, Laser pumping, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Wedge (geometry), Electromagnetic radiation, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Laser power scaling, 010306 general physics, business, Inertial confinement fusion
Abstract: International audience; We present the experimental results, and their analysis, connected to the possibility to control laser inhomogeneities exploiting the non-uniform electron density distribution created by the laser while propagating in a gas jet. The induced self-refraction in the plasma created in the gas medium results in re-distributing local over-intensities over larger surfaces. The experiment at the PALS laser facility has been performed creating a large non-uniformity by a wedge arrangement and recording the static and dynamic images with and without the coupling to an Al target.
Published: 2008
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43. Inhibition of fast electron energy deposition due to preplasma filling of cone-attached targets

Author: Alessio Morace, Angelo Schiavi, Laurent Gremillet, Dimitri Batani, Julien Fuchs, C. Fourment, P. Guillou, C. Rousseaux, M. Koenig, Joao Santos, Berenice Loupias, Ryosuke Kodama, Motoaki Nakatsutsumi, Yefim Aglitskiy, Sophie Baton, Norimasa Ozaki, Stefano Atzeni, Takayoshi Norimatsu, M. Drouin, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Tommaso Vinci, R. Redaelli, A. Nishida, Fabien Dorchies, Erik Lefebvre, Dorchies, Fabien, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Graduate School of Engineering [Suita, Osaka], Osaka University [Osaka], Dipartimento di Energetica, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité (OSEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Osaka University, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Electron density, Energy flux, Conical surface, Electron, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, [PHYS] Physics [physics], Wavelength, Planar, law, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We present experimental and numerical results on the propagation and energy deposition of laser-generated fast electrons into conical targets. The first part reports on experimental measurements performed in various configurations in order to assess the predicted benefit of conical targets over standard planar ones. For the conditions investigated here, the fast electron-induced heating is found to be much weaker in cone-guided targets irradiated at a laser wavelength of 1.057μm, whereas frequency doubling of the laser pulse permits us to bridge the disparity between conical and planar targets. This result underscores the prejudicial role of the prepulse-generated plasma, whose confinement is enhanced in conical geometry. The second part is mostly devoted to the particle-in-cell modeling of the laser-cone interaction. In qualitative agreement with the experimental data, the calculations show that the presence of a large preplasma leads to a significant decrease in the fast electron density and energy flux...
Published: 2008

44. Direct Observation of Strong Ion Coupling in Laser-Driven Shock-Compressed Targets

Author: David Riley, Gianluca Gregori, T. A. Pikuz, M. Rabec Le Gloahec, A. Ya. Faenov, Norimasa Ozaki, M. Koenig, Alessandra Ravasio, Alice Delserieys, Jérôme Daligault, Berenice Loupias, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Apprentissage, Didactique, Evaluation, Formation (ADEF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Department of Pharmacokinetics & Non-Clinical Safety, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the RAS (JIHT), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Plasma parameters, Scattering, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ion, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Physics Education [physics.ed-ph], Coupling (physics), law, Electron degeneracy pressure, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: In this Letter we report on a near collective x-ray scattering experiment on shock-compressed targets. A highly coupled Al plasma was generated and probed by spectrally resolving an x-ray source forward scattered by the sample. A significant reduction in the intensity of the elastic scatter was observed, which we attribute to the formation of an incipient long-range order. This speculation is confirmed by x-ray scattering calculations accounting for both electron degeneracy and strong coupling effects. Measurements from rear side visible diagnostics are consistent with the plasma parameters inferred from x-ray scattering data. These results give the experimental evidence of the strongly coupled ionic dynamics in dense plasmas.
Published: 2007
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45. A new form of childhood onset, autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia and epilepsy is localized at 16q21-q23

Author: M Gribaa, M. Almubarak, C Bétard, Mathieu Anheim, Salah A. Elmalik, Ahmed Mohamed, D. H'Mida, Nathalie Drouot, M. Koenig, Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne, Mohammad M. Kabiraj, H. Goebel, Mustafa A. Salih, M. Al-Rayess, Institut de génétique et biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, Pathology, Biopsy, Quadriceps Muscle, MESH: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MESH: Genotype, Epilepsy, MESH: Biopsy, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Mental Retardation, MESH: Child, Child, 0303 health sciences, Homozygote, Brain, Chromosome Mapping, Electroencephalography, Infantile onset spinocerebellar ataxia, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Pedigree, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Female, MESH: Quadriceps Muscle, medicine.symptom, MESH: Homozygote, medicine.medical_specialty, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Ataxia, Adolescent, Genotype, MESH: Pedigree, MESH: Spinocerebellar Ataxias, MESH: Microscopy, Electron, Lafora disease, MESH: Vacuoles, Ophthalmoparesis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, Intellectual Disability, MESH: Electroencephalography, medicine, Humans, Spinocerebellar Ataxias, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Child, Preschool, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, nervous system diseases, Microscopy, Electron, Vacuoles, Myoclonic epilepsy, Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic, Neurology (clinical), business, MESH: Chromosome Mapping, Myoclonus, MESH: Female, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, MESH: Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
Abstract: Childhood ataxias are a complex set of inherited disorders. Ataxias associated with generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy are usually included with the progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PME). Five disease entities, Unverricht-Lundborg disease, Lafora's disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres and sialidoses, account for the majority of PME cases. Two rare forms of ataxia plus epilepsy, sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria and ophthalmoparesis, and infantile onset spinocerebellar ataxia were described recently and found to be caused by defective mitochondrial proteins. We report here a large consanguineous family from Saudi Arabia with four affected children presenting with generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy, ataxia and mental retardation, but neither myoclonus nor mental deterioration. MRI and muscle biopsy of one patient revealed, respectively, posterior white matter hyperintensities and vacuolization of the sarcotubular system. We localized the defective gene by homozygosity mapping to a 19 Mb interval in 16q21-q23 between markers D16S3091 and D16S3050. Linkage studies in this region will allow testing for homogeneity of this novel ataxia-epilepsy entity.
Published: 2007
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46. Plasma Jet Experiments Using LULI 2000 Laser Facility

Author: T. A. Pikuz, Norimasa Ozaki, Wigen Nazarov, C. Michaut, Berenice Loupias, Serge Bouquet, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Yefim Aglitskiy, M. Koenig, Emeric Falize, M. Rabec le Goahec, A. Ya. Faenov, C. Courtois, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée (DPTA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Science Applications International Corporation, and Multicharged Ions Spectra Data Center, VNIIFRTI
Subjects: Physics, Work (thermodynamics), Jet (fluid), business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Plasma jet, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Plasma, Laser, law.invention, Optics, Astrophysical jet, Space and Planetary Science, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Atomic physics, Nanosecond laser, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; We present experiments performed with the LULI2000 nanosecond laser facility. We generated plasma jets by using specific designed target. The main measured quantities related to the jet such as its propagation velocity, temperature and emissive radius evolution are presented. We also performed analytical work, which explains the jet evolution in some cases.
Published: 2007
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47. High density energy physics experiments on LULI 2000 facility

Author: Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, David Riley, Alessandra Ravasio, C. Michaut, Serge Bouquet, E. A. Henry, Stephanie Brygoo, M. Rabec Le Gloahec, M. Koenig, S. Lepape, K. A. Tanaka, L. Boireau, Tommaso Vinci, P. Loubeyre, Norimasa Ozaki, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée (DPTA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Queen's University, and Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University
Subjects: Physics, Electron density, Spectrometer, Thomson scattering, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Plasma, Xenon, chemistry, Radiative transfer, Electron temperature, Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; We present here a summary of various and preliminary experiments performed on the new facility LULI 2000. Four topics in the High Density Energy Physics have been investigated: a Equation of State: we studied pre-compressed water, one of most abundant component of Uranus and Neptune's mantle. We used a recent technique based on generating a shock into a diamond anvil cell pre-compressed target. Some new data on EOS surface in the range 2-3 Mbar have been obtained. b X-ray Thomson scattering: a strongly coupled and degenerated Aluminum plasma has been produced and probed by Ti He-alpha radiation. By using a curved spectrometer, the scattered spectrum has been measured a Compton shift from electrons has been put in evidence. c Astrophysics in the laboratory: A radiative supercritical shock has been produced into a gas cell filled with a low density of Xenon (0.1-0.3 bar). Various diagnostics have been implemented to determine electron density variation, precursor and shock velocities, the 2D shape of the shock at different times and electron temperature. d Laser accelerated flyer: different flyer plate targets have been tested. Typical shock loaded material was fused-quartz plate. Flyer velocities up to 55 km/s have been measured.
Published: 2006
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48. Radiative shocks: An opportunity to study laboratory astrophysics

Author: C. Michaut, M Rabec Le Glohaec, Olivier Peyrusse, Alessandra Ravasio, Angelo Schiavi, S. Bouquet, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Tommaso Vinci, Dimitri Batani, L. Boireau, Norimasa Ozaki, M. Koenig, Stefano Atzeni, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Dipartimento di Energetica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and CNISM, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB)
Subjects: Shock wave, Physics, Electron density, chemistry.chemical_element, Astrophysics, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Shock (mechanics), law.invention, Xenon, chemistry, law, Radiative transfer, Electron temperature, Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, experimental results on radiative shocks generated by a high power laser in a xenon gas cell are presented. Two sets of experiments have been performed at the Laser pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI) laboratory. Several shock parameters were simultaneously measured: shock temperature and velocities, the precursor two-dimensional (2D) time evolution, its electron density, density gradient, and temperature. Data were obtained varying initial conditions for different laser intensities and gas pressures. Comparisons with 1D and 2D radiative hydrodynamic simulations are shown for all measured parameters (shock velocity, shape, radial expansion, and temperature as well as precursor velocity and electron density).
Published: 2006
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49. Experimental and numerical studies of radiative shocks

Author: Serge Bouquet, C. Clique, Norimasa Ozaki, C. Michaut, Stefano Atzeni, Tommaso Vinci, M. Koenig, L. Boireau, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée (DPTA), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dipartemento di Energetica, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza and INFM
Subjects: Electron density, Theoretical physics, Opacity, Chemistry, Ionization, Numerical analysis, Radiative transfer, General Physics and Astronomy, Experimental data, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Computational physics, Curse of dimensionality, Shock (mechanics)
Abstract: International audience; This paper deals with radiative shocks from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints. First, experimental results obtained at Laboratoire d'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI) at high (E˜400-800 J) energies are presented. The modeling of these phenomena is mainly performed through numerical simulations (1D and 2D calculations). We compare simulations given by several radiative hydrodynamics codes and discuss numerical methods employed. The lateral radiative looses are examined. A major point for discussion is the physical data (EOS, ionization, opacities) included in these codes. It is shown that the radiative precursor length depends on the dimensionality of codes and on the opacities employed. Additional quantities (temperature of the shock, electron density in the precursor) are also calculated and good agreement is obtained with the experimental data.
Published: 2006
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50. Optical shadowgraphy and proton imaging as diagnostics tools for fast electron propagation in ultrahigh-intensity laser-matter interaction

Author: M. Koenig, C. A. Cecchetti, Marco Borghesi, H. Popescu, D. Piazza, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, C. Rousseaux, François Amiranoff, Todd H. Hall, Victor Malka, M. Manclossi, E. Martinolli, J. J. Santos, A. Antonicci, M. Rabec Le Gloahec, S. D. Baton, Dimitri Batani, P. Audebert, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Department of Pure and Applied Physics [Belfast], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), University of Essex, and Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron, Shadowgraphy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Acceleration, Optics, Atomic orbital, law, 0103 physical sciences, Initial value problem, General Materials Science, Proton imaging, 010306 general physics, Physics, Electron propagation in gas, Jet (fluid), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Radiation, business.industry, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Intensity (physics), Laser-matter interaction, Atomic physics, business
Abstract: International audience; This paper reports the results of some recent experiments performed at the LULI laboratory (Palaiseau, France) concerning the propagation of large relativistic electron currents in a gas jet. We present our experimental results according to the type of diagnostics used in the experiments: (1) time resolved optical shadowgraphy and (2) proton imaging. Proton radiography images did show the presence of very strong fields in the gas probably produced by charge separation. In turn, these imply a slowing down of the fast electron cloud as it penetrates in the gas. Indeed, shadowgraphy images show a strong inhibition of propagation and a strong reduction in time of the velocity of the electron cloud from the initial value, which is of the order of a fraction of c.
Published: 2005
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