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101 results on '"J. PETIT"'

1. Determinants of survival and dispersal along the range expansion of a biological invasion

Author: Eric Edeline, Agnès Starck, Yoann Bennevault, Jean-Marc Paillisson, Eric J. Petit, Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]
Abstract: Projecting future response of biological systems to global change requires a mechanistic understanding of how climate and ecology jointly drive species demography and range dynamics. Such knowledge is particularly crucial when it comes to invasive species, which expansion may have far-reaching consequences for recipient ecosystems. Here, we use mark-recapture in replicated outdoor mesocosms to examine how survival and dispersal, two key drivers of population and range dynamics, respond to climate and ecology in the invasive red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) along an invasion gradient. We show that crayfish survival probability increased with (i) increasing body size at high (but not low) crayfish density and (ii) with warmer temperatures, and decreased (i) with increasing body condition and (ii) under higher crayfish density. Overland dispersal probability by crayfish increased with increasing (i) body-size, (ii) body condition and (iii) temperatures. In contrast, crayfish from range-edge and range-core habitats had similar survival and overland dispersal probabilities, suggesting no evolution of the crayfish expansion potential along the invasion gradient. Our results highlight that species population dynamics and range shifts in a changing world are driven by joint contributions from both climate and ecology. In P. clarkii, global warming will simultaneously promote both a demographic increase and a geographic range expansion, especially in populations dominated by large-bodied individuals.
Published: 2022

2. On the use of a spacetime modeling for heat equation applied to self-heating computation with comparison to experimental results

Author: J. Petit, BenoÃ®t. Panicaud, Alexandre Charles, Emmanuelle Rouhaud, Roula Al Nahas, Laboratoire Energétique Mécanique Electromagnétisme (LEME), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée (LASMIS), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT), and Automatic mesh generation and advanced methods (Gamma3)
Subjects: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics, Spacetime, Computer simulation, 020209 energy, Constitutive equation, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Dissipation, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal conduction, Finite element method, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020401 chemical engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Heat equation, Boundary value problem, 0204 chemical engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Self-heating phenomenonrepresents thermal evolution in materials resulting from mechanical loading. It is presentlyinvestigated during fatigue tests at 20 kHz. The aim of this article is to compare the variation of temperature, in the range 20 to 80 ∘C, of a material body due to self-heating computed from an innovative point of view: requiring a covariant formulation of the thermomechanical behavior, we propose a spacetime approach for heat conduction and heat equation based on spacetime thermodynamics. In this article, we prove the feasibility to use such a spacetime framework to solve thermal problems. Thus computational methods performed with FEniCS platform, using finite element method, lead to a numerical approach for investigating self-heating. The integral form of the spacetime problem with the adapted boundary conditions directly usable are provided for heat conduction problem. The identification process of the parameters obtained from the experimental data of fatigue tests is also particularly studied to obtain the best accuracy and reliability of the numerical simulations, presently applied to metallic material (C65 steel) and 1D beam (60 mm length). Moreover, by use of optimization techniques, some numerical values for these input parameters are obtained, especially the characteristic time (in the range 40 to 130 s) and the heat source related to thermomechanical phenomena (intrinsic dissipation in the range 0.3 to 12 ∘C ⋅ s− 1). They have been successfully used to obtain spacetime temperature distributions in comparison to experimental measurements.
Published: 2021

3. An intensive study plot to investigate chestnut tree reproduction

Author: Teresa Barreneche, Rémy J. Petit, Clément Larue, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and This paper is part of the PhD of CL. This work was supported by ANRt funding under CIFRE PhD program to CL. Financial support to Invenio for this project was provided by the Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine for CL PhD work, and as part of the REGINA project to RJP. The PGTB facility where part of the work was conducted benefits from grants from the Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine no. 20030304002FA and 20040305003FA, from the European Union FEDER no. 2003227 and from Investissements d'Avenir (ANR-10-EQPX-16-01).
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Flower types, Genotype, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], SNP, Biology, Fagaceae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Plot (graphics), 03 medical and health sciences, Formal analysis, Varietal identification, Male sterility, Astaminate, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Investigation, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Chataignier, Forestry, Species assignation, 15. Life on land, Resources, chataigne, Tree (data structure), [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Phenotype, Staminate, Fruit, Arbre fruitier, Castanea sp, Reproduction, Male sterility Conceptualization
Abstract: Key message Pollination is a key step for fruit production. To provide a tool for future in-depth analysis of pollination in chestnut, we describe in detail a chestnut orchard (location, genotype, phenotype and seed-set of all trees). Context Chestnuts, which are insect-pollinated trees, have been massively planted around the world for nut production. Orchards are planted with clonal varieties selected from crosses between the European chestnuts (Castanea sativa) and Japanese chestnuts (C. crenata) or Chinese chestnuts (C. mollissima) because these two last species are tolerant to blight and ink diseases. Aims To characterize chestnut genetic resources and accurately model male and female fitness as well as pollen exchanges in orchards, we characterized all chestnuts of the INRAE chestnut germplasm collection located near Bordeaux (France). Methods All chestnut trees were geolocated and genotyped using 79 SNP and 98 SSR loci. We scored their flowering phenology using chestnut BBCH scale and precisely described their phenotype (height, diameter a breast height (DBH), canopy diameter…), their capacity to produce pollen (flower type, catkins length…) and their fruit production (number of burrs, seed-set…). Results We geolocated 275 trees and genotyped 273 of them. We identified 115 unique genotypes and assigned each genotype to species. To assess phenology, we evaluated 244 trees twice a week, for 6 weeks from early June to mid-July. We also described tree phenotypes with 11 variables, pollen production with 5 variables and fruit production with 3 variables. All measures were recorded in 2018 except seed set that was measured two consecutive years, in 2018 and 2019. Conclusion The data collected is very detailed and allows modelling precisely pollen exchanges between trees. Parts of this data have been successfully published in scientific articles. Data are available at: https://data.inrae.fr/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.15454/GSJSWW Associated metadata are available at:https://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/02c5ca07-1536-4f89-9a0c-9e8d44a91287
Published: 2021

4. A multiscale analysis of landscape resistance reveals genetic isolates in an endangered forest-specialist species the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus)

Author: Dominique Vallet, Eric J. Petit, Mohamed Qarro, Aude Ernoult, Yann Rantier, Pascaline Le Gouar, Stéphane Dréano, Nelly Ménard, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Ecole Nationale Forestière d'Ingénieurs du Maroc [Salé] (ENFI), contrat 'Service Provincial des Eaux et Forêts d'Ifrane(Maroc)/University of Rennes 1', Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Primate conservation, Population, Endangered species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Macaque, Landscape genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Genetic erosion, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Isolation by distance, Isolation by resistance, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Macaca sylvanus, Landscape heterogeneity, Dispersal, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Gene flow, Genetic structure, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; In forest-specialist mammals, forest loss may induce resistance to animal movement and reduce gene flow between populations, and thereby increase genetic erosion and extinction risks for populations. Understanding how landscape features affect gene flow is of critical importance for conservation. Using landscape genetic tools at multiple spatial scales, we assessed the effects of landscape heterogeneity (in particular the presence of wide open or rural habitats) on gene flow in an endangered forest-specialist species – the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) –, in its major forest site in Morocco. We genotyped 248 individuals from 23 macaque groups using 11 microsatellite loci. We modelled different scenarios of isolation by landscape resistance. We further tested the relationships between genetic distance and isolation by resistance, after controlling for the effect of isolation by distance. Our results revealed a significant genetic structure and a disruption of gene flow even in geographic proximity. Whatever the spatial scale, remoteness from the forest edge beyond 1km acted as a barrier to macaque movements. In addition, at a fine scale, human-dominated areas were also detected as a barrier. The detection of private alleles in each population suggests an ongoing process of isolation. The preservation of the Barbary macaque implies 1) strictly avoiding all silvicultural practices (in particular clear-cutting of holm oak forests) that could contribute to increase distances between forest patches, 2) restoring corridors between forests, 3) and preserving key small forest patches as potential stepping stones facilitating macaque dispersal.
Published: 2021

5. Genetic diversity in a long‐lived mammal is explained by the past’s demographic shadow and current connectivity

Author: Pierrette Nyssen, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Damien Fourcy, Lisa Lehnen, Martin Biedermann, Wigbert Schorcht, Eric J. Petit, Gerald Kerth, Pierre-Loup Jan, Anne-Laure Besnard, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interessengemeinschaft für Fledermausschutz und -forschung in Thüringen (IFT) e.V, Natagora (Association), Partenaires INRAE, Nachtaktiv Biologists Bat Res GbR, Erfurt, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, bottleneck, Conservation of Natural Resources, Range (biology), Context (language use), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bottleneck, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, Isolation by distance, Mammals, Population Density, isolation-by-distance, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Ecology, Population size, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], conservation, Genetic Variation, Global change, genetic diversity, 15. Life on land, respiratory system, Genetics, Population, 13. Climate action, connectivity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), human activities, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Within-species genetic diversity is crucial for the persistence and integrity of populations and ecosystems. Conservation actions require an understanding of factors influencing genetic diversity, especially in the context of global change. Both population size and connectivity are factors greatly influencing genetic diversity; the relative importance of these factors can, however, change through time. Hence, quantifying the degree to which population size or genetic connectivity are shaping genetic diversity, and at which ecological time scale (past or present), is challenging, yet essential for the development of efficient conservation strategies. In this study, we estimated the genetic diversity of 42 colonies of Rhinolophus hipposideros, a long-lived mammal vulnerable to global change, sampling locations spanning its continental northern range. Here, we present an integrative approach that disentangles and quantifies the contribution of different connectivity measures in addition to contemporary colony size and historic bottlenecks in shaping genetic diversity. In our study, the best model explained 64% of the variation in genetic diversity. It included historic bottlenecks, contemporary colony size, connectivity and a negative interaction between the latter two. Contemporary connectivity explained most genetic diversity when considering a 65 km radius around the focal colonies, emphasizing the large geographic scale at which the positive impact of connectivity on genetic diversity is most profound and hence, the minimum scale at which conservation should be planned. Our results highlight that the relative importance of the two main factors shaping genetic diversity varies through time, emphasizing the relevance of disentangling them to ensure appropriate conservation strategies.
Published: 2021

6. Least cost path analysis for urban greenways planning: a test with moths and birds across two habitats and two cities

Author: Aude Ernoult, Luc Madec, Eric J. Petit, Romain Georges, Alain Butet, Solene Croci, Jean-Pierre Caudal, Manon Balbi, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Région Hauts‐de‐France, Région Bretagne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement (IGARUN), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, biology, Resistance (ecology), business.industry, Movement (music), Seven Management and Planning Tools, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Environmental resource management, Fragmentation (computing), 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Passerine, Test (assessment), Geography, Habitat, biology.animal, 11. Sustainability, Green infrastructure, business
Abstract: International audience; 1.One of the major planning tools to respond to urban landscape fragmentation is the development of ecological corridors, that is, interconnected networks of urban green and blue spaces. Least‐cost paths (LCP) appear to be an easy and appropriate resistance‐based modelling method to respond to urban planners’ needs. However, the ecological validation of urban corridors using LCP is rarely performed and needs to be generalized to different species, habitats and cities.2.We developed an experimental design to test the efficiency of LCP predictions to detect highly connecting landscape contexts that facilitate individual movements compared to movements in less connecting landscape contexts. We deliberately assigned LCP analysis parameters based on the scientific literature and expert knowledge to test a method potentially easy to use for urban stakeholders. To extend the validation, we applied our LCP model to two biological taxa with different habitat requirements: grassland‐dwelling moths and forest‐dwelling passerines, and to two medium‐sized cities.3.We used mark–release–recapture (MRR) methods for moths and playback recall protocols for passerines to compare the patterns of individual movement between two contrasted connectivity contexts determined by the presence and absence of modelled LCPs. MRR protocol estimated movement rates between herbaceous patches and the two contrasted connectivity contexts. Playback recall protocol consisted in attracting individuals from wooded patches to the two contrasted connectivity contexts. A movement was considered facilitated, when displacement was rapidly engaged and individuals moved a long distance from their wooded patch.4.Moth and passerine movement patterns differed between the two connectivity contexts: moth recapture rates were higher in highly connecting contexts than in less connecting contexts. For passerine birds, responses to playback recalls were faster and movement distance longer in highly connecting contexts. All results support the hypothesis that both taxa were more prone to move in corridors modelled by LCP.5.Synthesis and applications. The convergence of the results for different biological models and across cities strengthens the relevance of LCP analysis for planning urban greenways and provides guidelines for landscape planners in the development of these corridors to favour the movement and survival of multiple urban species.
Published: 2021

7. Development of highly validated SNP markers for genetic analyses of chestnut species

Author: Clément Larue, Erwan Guichoux, Benoît Laurent, Teresa Barreneche, Cécile Robin, Marie Massot, Adline Delcamp, Rémy J. Petit, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fruits et Légumes d'Aquitaine (INVENIO), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), This paper is part of the PhD of CL. The work was supported by ANRt funding under CIFRE PhD program to CL. Financial support to Invenio for this project was provided by the Conseil Régional d’Aquitaine for CL PhD work, as part of the REGINA project, and for BL work (Grant Number 2018-1R20204 project DIGIE 'chestnut dieback: vulnerability and genetic determinism of ink disease resistance'). SNP development and genotyping were performed at the Genome Transcriptome Facility of Bordeaux (Grants from the Conseil Régional d’Aquitaine No. 20030304002FA and 20040305003FA, from the European Union FEDER No. 2003227 and from Investissements d’Avenir ANR-10-EQPX-16-01), and ANR-10-EQPX-0016,XYLOFOREST,Plateforme d'Innovation ' Forêt-Bois-Fibre-Biomasse du Futur '(2010)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, MassARRAY, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Fagaceae, 01 natural sciences, Single nucleotide polymorphism, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Castanea sp, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; To better study and manage chestnut trees and species, we identified nuclear single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers using restriction-associated DNA sequencing. Out of 343 loci tested, 68 SNP markers were selected that withhold stringent quality criteria such as quasi-systematic amplification across species and Mendelian segregation in both purebred and hybrid individuals. They provide sufficient power for species, hybrids and backcross characterization as well as for clonal identification, as shown by a comparison with single sequenced repeat (SSR) loci.
Published: 2021

8. Efficient monitoring of phenology in chestnuts

Author: Clément Larue, Teresa Barreneche, Rémy J. Petit, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Invenio, and Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male-sterile, Phenology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Growing season, 15. Life on land, Horticulture, Biology, Fagaceae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, fruit à coque, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Agronomy, BBCH-scale, Flowering phenology, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Castanea, Pollination, 010606 plant biology & botany, Monoecious, BBCH, arbre fruitier
Abstract: International audience; Chestnuts (Castanea spp.) are ecologically and economically important forest and fruit trees. They are cultivated for their nutritious nuts. To select varieties to be cultivated in chestnut orchards, their phenology needs to be considered. In this work, we adapt the international BBCH system to chestnuts by building on an existing phenological scale used in some European countries for these species. The proposed BBCH scale uses eight of the ten principal growth stages for fruit trees and secondary growth stages that are specific to chestnut trees. We tested it by monitoring chestnut trees phenology during three growing seasons, illustrating its suitability for high-throughput phenotyping studies. Overall, the approach used, despite its inherent limitations, is straightforward, accessible and flexible, allowing particularly precise description of the complex flowering phenology of these trees.
Published: 2021

9. Revisiting pollination mode in chestnut ( Castanea spp .): an integrated approach

Author: Rémy J. Petit, Clément Larue, Gaëlle Basset, Eva Austruy, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, automimicry, Pollination, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Ambophily, Plant Science, Biology, Pollination syndrome, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, insect-pollination, phenology, ovule ratio, Genus, Botany, wind-pollination, pollination syndrome, Phenology, Mode (statistics), Integrated approach, biology.organism_classification, Fagaceae, pollen, Anemophily, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, quercus, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Wind, insects, or both? The pollination mode of chestnuts, an important genus of nut-producing forest trees of the Fagaceae family, is still unclear. We revisit this old question using an integrated approach, focusing on cultivated Castanea sativa trees and hybrids in South-western France. We first conducted a large-scale insect isolation experiment. We then monitored 16 trees, focusing on flowering phenology, flower abundance and insect visits. Half of these trees are male-sterile, helping explore the role of pollen in insect attraction. Finally, we characterized the pollination syndrome of chestnuts and contrasted it with that of wind-pollinated oaks using original and published data. Chestnut female flowers have erect styles resembling stamens from male flowers, a probable case of intersexual mimicry. The tree's unusual phenology includes two peaks of pollen production. Pollinator exclusion experiments demonstrated a predominant role of insects in chestnut pollination. Flowering trees attract large numbers of beetles, bees and flies. In contrast, the few insects seen on female flowers (66 in 32 h of observation
Published: 2021

10. Methodology proposal to access Cross-functional collective Activities of external radiotherapy

Author: J. Petit, Alexandra Wartel, Céline Poret, Sylvie Thellier, and ATHENA, Irsn
Subjects: Teamwork, Process management, Work (electrical), Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Human factors and ergonomics, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, External radiotherapy, media_common
Abstract: In this paper we aim to present the methodology used in an Ergonomics research work to define the preparation for treatment in external radiotherapy. This research work concerns the analysis of the preparation for treatment in external radiotherapy activity and the difficulties workers are experiencing. Lack of fluidity during this step and between the different actors was noted by the IRSN (Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety) experts and the ASN (Nuclear Safety Authority). IRSN assumes that those lacks of fluidity may have an impact on workers activity and patients’ safety. IRSN formulated a thesis subject on the basis of this hypothesis called “Human activity and transverse performance, the case of preparation for treatment in external radiotherapy”.
Published: 2021

11. Drivers of longitudinal telomere dynamics in a long‐lived bat species, Myotis myotis

Author: Nicole M. Foley, Eric J. Petit, Thomas Brazier, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Graham M. Hughes, John A. Finarelli, Emma C. Teeling, Frédéric Touzalin, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, longitudinal data, Range (biology), Population, bats, Myotis myotis, Biology, Genus Myotis, heritability, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Chiroptera, Genotype, Genetics, telomere length, Animals, Humans, education, Child, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Telomere Shortening, education.field_of_study, Infant, Newborn, conservation, Infant, Bayes Theorem, Heritability, Telomere, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Cross-Sectional Studies, climate change, Ageing, Evolutionary biology, Child, Preschool, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; ge-related telomere shortening is considered a hallmark of the ageing process. However, a recent cross-sectional ageing study of relative telomere length (rTL) in bats failed to detect a relationship between rTL and age in the long-lived genus Myotis (M. myotis and M. bechsteinii), suggesting some other factors are responsible for driving telomere dynamics in these species. Here, we test if longitudinal rTL data show signatures of age-associated telomere attrition in M. myotis and differentiate which intrinsic or extrinsic factors are likely to drive telomere length dynamics. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, rTL was measured in 504 samples from a marked population, from Brittany, France, captured between 2013 and 2016. These represent 174 individuals with an age range of 0 to 7+ years. We find no significant relationship between rTL and age (p = .762), but demonstrate that within-individual rTL is highly variable from year to year. To investigate the heritability of rTL, a population pedigree (n = 1744) was constructed from genotype data generated from a 16-microsatellite multiplex, designed from an initial, low-coverage, Illumina genome for M. myotis. Heritability was estimated in a Bayesian, mixed model framework, and showed that little of the observed variance in rTL is heritable (h(2) = 0.01-0.06). Rather, correlations of first differences, correlating yearly changes in telomere length and weather variables, demonstrate that, during the spring transition, average temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall and windspeed correlate with changes in longitudinal telomere dynamics. As such, rTL may represent a useful biomarker to quantify the physiological impact of various environmental stressors in bats.
Published: 2020

12. Title Ecological relevance of least cost path analysis An easy implementation method for landscape urban planning

Author: Manon Balbi, Solene Croci, Eric J. Petit, Aude Ernoult, Romain Georges, Jean Nabucet, Luc Madec, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), French Nord-Pas de Calais, Bretagne regions, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Foraging, Translocation, 02 engineering and technology, Land cover, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Ground-dwelling mammal, Urban planning, Fragmentation, 11. Sustainability, Humans, Cities, City Planning, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Resistance (ecology), business.industry, City, Green infrastructure, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, 020801 environmental engineering, Geography, Least cost paths, Biological dispersal, Resistance based model, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, France, business, Landscape planning, Hedgehog, Landscape connectivity
Abstract: International audience; Landscape connectivity promotes dispersal and other types of movement, including foraging activity; consequently, the inclusion of connectivity concept is a priority in conservation and landscape planning in response to fragmentation. Urban planners expect the scientific community to provide them with an easy, but scientifically rigorous, method to identify highly connecting contexts in landscapes. The least-cost paths (LCP) method is one of the simplest resistance-based models that could be a good candidate to spatially identify areas where movement is potentially favored in a given landscape. We tested the efficiency of LCP predictions to detect highly connecting landscape contexts facilitating individual movements compared to those performed in un-connecting landscape contexts. We used a landscape-level behavioral experiment based on a translocation protocol and individual repeated measures. In the city of Rennes (France), 30 male hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) were translocated and radio-tracked in both highly connecting and un-connecting contexts, respectively, which were determined by the presence and absence of modelled LCPs. Individual movement patterns were compared between the two predicted contexts. Individuals travelled longer distances, moved faster, and were more active in the highly connecting contexts compared to the un-connecting contexts. Moreover, in highly connecting contexts, hedgehog movement followed LCP orientation, with individuals using more wooded habitats than other land cover class. By using a rigorous experimental design, this study validated the ecological relevance of LCP analysis to identify highly connecting areas, and could be easily implemented by urban landscape planners.
Published: 2019

13. Chloroplast DNA variation in a hyperdiverse tropical tree community

Author: Jean-Marc Frigerio, Rémy J. Petit, Ivan Scotti, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne, Alain Franc, Philippe Chaumeil, Daniel Sabatier, Patrick Léger, Jean-François Molino, Henri Caron, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), from patterns to models in computational biodiversity and biotechnology (PLEIADE), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherches Forestières Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grant/Award Number: ANR-10-LABX-0025, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Grant/Award Number: Bibliotheque du vivant, Speed@ ID and projet innovant EFPA-INRA., ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes [Avignon] (URFM 629), ANR-10-LABX-25-01/10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, ANR ‐10 ‐LABX ‐25 ‐01, Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tropical trees, codage, Introgression, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, Genetic diversity, Coalescent theory, chloroplast DNA, hybridization, Original Research, Species diversity, arbre tropical, 0303 health sciences, Vegetal Biology, chloroplaste, Ecology, adn, genetic diversity, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, French Guiana, Chloroplast DNA, guyane, diversité génétique, introgression, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Intraspecific competition, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, incomplete lineage sorting, species diversity, tropical trees, Hybridization, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, Incomplete lineage sorting, Evolutionary biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, hybridation, Biologie végétale
Abstract: Sequences have been deposited in the R-SYST databank (https://github.com/r-syst/databases/tree/master/r-syst::plants) and NCBI under accession number KX247940–KX249593. The list of studied species, including genus size, seed dispersal syndrome and cpDNA variation, is available at https://github.com/r-syst/databases/tree/master/r-syst::plants. In this list, chloroplast haplotype designation is consistent within each genus.; International audience; We investigate chloroplast DNA variation in a hyperdiverse community of tropical rainforest trees in French Guiana, focusing on patterns of intraspecific and interspecific variation. We test whether a species genetic diversity is higher when it has congeners in the community with which it can exchange genes and if shared haplotypes are more frequent in genetically diverse species, as expected in the presence of introgression. We sampled a total of 1,681 individual trees from 472 species corresponding to 198 genera and sequenced them at a noncoding chloroplast DNA fragment. Polymorphism was more frequent in species that have congeneric species in the study site than in those without congeners (30% vs. 12%). Moreover, more chloroplast haplotypes were shared with congeners in polymorphic species than in monomorphic ones (44% vs. 28%). Despite large heterogeneities caused by genus-specific behaviors in patterns of hybridization, these results suggest that the higher polymorphism in the presence of congeners is caused by local introgression rather than by incomplete lineage sorting. Our findings suggest that introgression has the potential to drive intraspecific genetic diversity in species-rich tropical forests.
Published: 2019

14. ZnGa2Se4, a nonlinear material with wide mid infrared transparency and good thermomechanical properties

Author: V. Tabouret, J. Petit, B. Viana, DMAS, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)
Subjects: lcsh:Applied optics. Photonics, TRANSPARENCY, Materials science, General Computer Science, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Thermal expansion, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Thermal conductivity, ZNGA2SE4, law, lcsh:QC350-467, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, Near-infrared spectroscopy, lcsh:TA1501-1820, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, CTE, Nonlinear system, Wavelength, chemistry, Transparency (graphic), Optoelectronics, THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, 0210 nano-technology, business, lcsh:Optics. Light
Abstract: During the last decades, mid-infrared (3–12 μm) laser sources using crystals with nonlinear optical properties have attracted a particular attention due to their potential applications in different fields such as optical counter-measures and remote chemical sensing. As transparency of common oxide crystals is limited to about 4 μm, many researches have been focused on chalcopyrite compounds because of their wide transparency in the mid-IR range and their strong nonlinear optical coefficients. There is a need of such crystals able to convert efficiently the near infrared wavelengths from commercially available lasers into wavelengths higher than 5 μm through Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPO) systems. This paper presents a new compound: ZnGa2Se4 (ZGSe). Measurements made on dense polycrystals show a high thermal conductivity value in comparison with other selenides (2.9 W m−1 K−1), a wide transparency from visible to beyond the band III of the mid IR (0.6 μm–17 μm) and a coefficient of thermal expansion inferior to 10−5 K−1. These results are very encouraging and improvements of the growth process are now undertaken to obtain single crystals with the required optical quality. Keywords: Crystal growth, ZnGa2Se4, Optical materials and properties, Thermomechanical properties
Published: 2019

15. Exploring the causes of small effective population sizes in cyst nematodes using artificial Globodera pallida populations

Author: Josselin Montarry, Sylvain Fournet, Pierre-Loup Jan, Eric J. Petit, Eric Grenier, Romain Mabon, Sylvie Bardou-Valette, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Evolution, nematode, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Zoology, selection, Potato cyst nematode, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Effective population size, Genetic drift, medicine, Animals, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Cyst, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Tylenchoidea, Globodera pallida, education, Selection (genetic algorithm), Plant Diseases, Solanum tuberosum, 030304 developmental biology, General Environmental Science, Population Density, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, plant resistance, Nematode, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, genetic drift, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, effective population size
Abstract: The effective size of a population is the size of an ideal population which would undergo genetic drift at the same rate as the real population. The balance between selection and genetic drift depends on the effective population size (Ne), rather than the real numbers of individuals in the population (N). The objectives of the present study were to estimateNein the potato cyst nematodeGlobodera pallidaand to explore the causes of a lowNe/Nratio in cyst nematodes using artificial populations. Using a temporal analysis of 24 independent populations, the medianNewas 58 individuals (minNe= 25 and maxNe= 228).Neis commonly lower thanNbut in the case of cyst nematodes, theNe/Nratio was extremely low. Using artificial populations showed that this low ratio did not result from migration, selection and overlapping generations, but could be explain by the fact thatG. pallidapopulations deviate in structure from the assumptions of the ideal population by having unequal sex ratios, high levels of inbreeding and a high variance in family sizes. The consequences of a lowNe, resulting in a strong intensity of genetic drift, could be important for their control becauseG. pallidapopulations will have a low capacity to adapt to changing environments.
Published: 2019

16. Range expansion is associated with increased survival and fecundity in a long-lived bat species

Author: Anne-Laure Besnard, Wigbert Schorcht, Eric J. Petit, Gerald Kerth, Pierre-Loup Jan, Martin Biedermann, Lisa Lehnen, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, P. Le Gouar, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Office National des Forets (ONF), PROCOPE/DAAD programme [57211773], PROCOPE/PHC programme [35454SB], DFG (RESPONSE exchange grant), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, German Science Foundation DFG, Interessengemeinschaft Fledermausschutz & Forsch, Bad Liebenstein, Nachtaktiv Biologists Bat Res GbR, Erfurt, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, life history, capture-mark-recapture, Range (biology), media_common.quotation_subject, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Population, Longevity, Population Dynamics, Zoology, Trade-off, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, Chiroptera, Germany, Population growth, Animals, education, Population Growth, range expansion, 030304 developmental biology, General Environmental Science, media_common, trade-off, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Ecology, Reproduction, General Medicine, DNA, 15. Life on land, Fecundity, biology.organism_classification, Fertility, Habitat, Female, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Animal Distribution
Abstract: The speed and dynamics of range expansions shape species distributions and community composition. Despite the critical impact of population growth rates for range expansion, they are neglected in existing empirical studies, which focus on the investigation of selected life-history traits. Here, we present an approach based on non-invasive genetic capture–mark–recapture data for the estimation of adult survival, fecundity and juvenile survival, which determine population growth. We demonstrate the reliability of our method with simulated data, and use it to investigate life-history changes associated with range expansion in 35 colonies of the bat species Rhinolophus hipposideros . Comparing the demographic parameters inferred for 19 of those colonies which belong to an expanding population with those inferred for the remaining 16 colonies from a non-expanding population reveals that range expansion is associated with higher net reproduction. Juvenile survival was the main driver of the observed reproduction increase in this long-lived bat species with low per capita annual reproductive output. The higher average growth rate in the expanding population was not associated with a trade-off between increased reproduction and survival, suggesting that the observed increase in reproduction stems from a higher resource acquisition in the expanding population. Environmental conditions in the novel habitat hence seem to have an important influence on range expansion dynamics, and warrant further investigation for the management of range expansion in both native and invasive species.
Published: 2019

17. Low genetic differentiation between two morphologically and ecologically distinct giant-leaved Mexican oaks

Author: Antoine Kremer, Henry Caron, Paul F. Gugger, Patricia Dávila-Aranda, Ken Oyama, Juan Manuel Peñaloza-Ramírez, Ana Luisa Albarrán-Lara, Rémy J. Petit, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Autonomous University of Campeche, Partenaires INRAE, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES), University of Maryland System, and Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecological niche, interspecific gene flow, quercus resinosa, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Niche, species differentiation, Plant Science, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, White (mutation), quercus magnoliifolia, Evolutionary biology, Genotype, Morphological analysis, mexican oaks, ecological niche, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Quercus magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa are two Mexican white oak species that have been taxonomically reported to exhibit morphological similarities and possible hybridization. The objective of this study was to compare the variation in Q. magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa throughout their distribution range to identify the degree of species differentiation using morphological, ecological and genetic tools. Morphological analysis showed differentiation in leaf shape between the species corresponding to the taxonomical identification of Q. magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa in almost all cases, but intermediate individuals were identified in the middle of the species ranges. Comparison of ecological niche models for Q. magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa showed non-equivalent ecological niches, high climatic niche differences and low to moderate spatial and environmental niche overlap, mainly along the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt where morphologically intermediate individuals between species were more frequently located, suggesting recent hybridization by secondary contact. In contrast, we found low but significant genetic differentiation between Q. magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa and lower interspecific than intraspecific genetic differentiation, and Bayesian clustering analysis (K = 2) failed to assign each species to a unique genotype, suggesting shared ancestral variation as the cause of genetic similarity between species due to recent divergence. In conclusion, although neutral molecular markers do not distinguish the species Q. magnoliifolia and Q. resinosa, we found morphological and ecological differentiation between these oaks that provide preliminary evidence for divergent selection.
Published: 2019

18. Variable effects of an invasive species on the reproduction and distribution of native species in pond networks

Author: Nadège Bélouard, Jean-Marc Paillisson, Eric J. Petit, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ministere de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche, Agence francaise pour la biodiversite, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Amphibian, species coexistence, Zoology, Introduced species, Aquatic Science, larval densities, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Swamp, Invasive species, Predation, biology.animal, breeding habitat, 14. Life underwater, Procambarus clarkii, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, amphibians, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Crayfish, Habitat, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The arrival of non-native species in a community can be deleterious for native species. The joint investigation of several descriptors of native populations susceptible to invaders, under different invasion contexts, may help in predicting the outcome of their co-occurrence with invasive species. Moreover, empirical studies seldom document the relative importance of the effects of invasive species on native species compared with other factors. Using survey data, we evaluated whether reproduction (larval density) and distribution of breeding sites of three amphibian species (Rana dalmatina, Lissotriton helveticus, and Triturus marmoratus) were related to the presence of invasive red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, compared to other native predators, habitat, and landscape features, in two pond networks that differed in invasion intensity. The red swamp crayfish was only negatively associated with the larval density of one amphibian species studied. Its effect size was similar to that of some native predators, and much smaller than that of the canopy cover of ponds. Amphibians were widespread in the two pond networks. The occupancy of only one species in each network was negatively related to crayfish presence, while the occupancy of all species was negatively related to fish presence. The distribution of amphibian breeding sites was positively associated with aquatic vegetation cover. Negative associations between amphibians and red swamp crayfish were detected only in a few cases, even in the most invaded area, and thus results were less alarming than in previous studies. Differences in ecological traits of native amphibians and interactions with other environmental factors may explain the variable effects of red swamp crayfish on native amphibian populations.
Published: 2019

19. Coexistence of two sympatric cryptic bat species in French Guiana: insights from genetic, acoustic and ecological data

Author: Corinne Régis, Guillaume Queney, Dominique Pontier, Jean-Baptiste Pons, Lina Muselet, Cécile Kaerle, Elodie Portanier, Eric J. Petit, Damien M. de Vienne, Ondine Filippi-Codaccioni, David Fouchet, Marie-Pauline Beugin, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecoépidémiologie évolutionniste, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Bioinformatique, phylogénie et génomique évolutive (BPGE), Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Ecologie et évolution des populations, Antagene - Animal Genomics Laboratory, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Lyon, ANR-11-LABX-0048, and ANR-11-IDEX-0007
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Population genetics, 01 natural sciences, Haplogroup, Chiroptera, Phylogeny, education.field_of_study, biology, Reproduction, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Reproductive isolation, Mitochondrial DNA, French Guiana, Pteronotus cf, Sympatry, Genetic structure, Pteronotus cf. parnellii, Research Article, Species complex, Neotropics, Genotype, Evolution, Population, Introgression, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Species Specificity, Pteronotus, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, QH359-425, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Animals, parnellii, Microsatellite, Echolocation, Asymmetric introgression, education, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cell Nucleus, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Acoustics, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Microsatellite Repeats, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Background The distinction between lineages of neotropical bats from the Pteronotus parnellii species complex has been previously made according to mitochondrial DNA, and especially morphology and acoustics, in order to separate them into two species. In these studies, either sample sizes were too low when genetic and acoustic or morphological data were gathered on the same individuals, or genetic and other data were collected on different individuals. In this study, we intensively sampled bats in 4 caves and combined all approaches in order to analyse genetic, morphologic, and acoustic divergence between these lineages that live in the same caves in French Guiana. Results A multiplex of 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers was developed using the 454-pyrosequencing technique to investigate for the first time the extent of reproductive isolation between the two lineages and the population genetic structure within lineages. We genotyped 748 individuals sampled between 2010 and 2015 at the 20 nuclear microsatellite loci and sequenced a portion of the cytochrome c oxydase I gene in a subset of these. Two distinct, non-overlapping haplogroups corresponding to cryptic species P. alitonus and P. rubiginosus were revealed, in accordance with previous findings. No spatial genetic structure between caves was detected for both species. Hybridization appeared to be quite limited (0.1–4%) using microsatellite markers whereas introgression was more common (7.5%) and asymmetric for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Conclusions The extremely low rate of hybridization could be explained by differences in life cycle phenology between species as well as morphological and acoustical distinction between sexes in one or the other species. Taken together, these results add to our growing understanding of the nature of species boundaries in Pteronotus parnelli, but deserve more in-depth studies to understand the evolutionary processes underlying asymmetric mtDNA introgression in this group of cryptic species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1289-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

20. Strain Localization in Mild (Low Carbon) Steel Observed by Acoustic Emission - ESPI Coupling during Tensile Test

Author: Guillaume Montay, Manuel François, J. Petit, Laboratoire Energétique Mécanique Electromagnétisme (LEME), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée (LASMIS), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), and Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Carbon steel, Strain (chemistry), Mechanical Engineering, Lüders band, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Plasticity, Strain rate, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Acoustic emission, 13. Climate action, Mechanics of Materials, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], engineering, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Necking, Tensile testing
Abstract: International audience; Two strain localization modes: the Piobert-Lüders band propagation and the development of necking, were investigated in uniaxial tensile tests for a low alloyed and low carbon steel. These two macroscopic localization phenomena were simultaneously monitored by speckle interferometry (ESPI) and acoustic emission (AE). The coupling of these two experimental techniques gives complementary information about strain localization features and mechanisms. For Lüders bands, it was found that the acoustic activity heard during the travel of the Piobert-Lüders band varies in closely correlated to the tensile force fluctuations, the relations between strain rate, band velocity, band width and plastic strain were investigated. Although the strain rate in the wake of the wave front is not always zero, the acoustic activity remains concentrated in the wave front itself. For necking, the acoustic activity is found to decrease regularly through the homogeneous plasticity stage and the diffuse necking stage and then increases when the localized necking starts, while ESPI patterns show a gradual strain concentration.
Published: 2018

21. A cost-and-time effective procedure to develop SNP markers for multiple species: A support for community genetics

Author: Guillaume Evanno, Marie Massot, Erwan Guichoux, Marie-Agnès Coutellec, Raphaelle Rinaldo, Guillaume Longin, Elodie Réveillac, Dominique Barloy, Adrien Oger, Adline Delcamp, Jean-Marc Roussel, Patricia Le Quilliec, Clémence Genthon, Eric J. Petit, Sophie Launey, Olivier Lorvelec, Regis Vigouroux, Gilles Lassalle, Pierre-Yves Le Bail, Chrystelle Delord, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Laboratoire-Environnement de Petit Saut, Hydreco, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), GeT PlaGe, Genotoul, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Parc Amazonien de Guyane, Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie, Agence de l’Eau Seine Normandie, DREAL, Office de l’Eau de Guyane, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique (GeT-PlaGe), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, genetical analysis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Computational biology, Biology, marqueur, 03 medical and health sciences, étude comparative, Snp markers, Guiana shield fish, 14. Life underwater, nonmodel organisms, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, comparative study, marker, SNP development, comparative genetic studies, écologie animale, Ecological Modeling, Community genetics, pipeline, Multiple species, Pipeline (software), RAD-Seq, 030104 developmental biology, MassArray, community genetics, guyane française, animal ecology, espèce animale, analyse génétique
Abstract: Multispecies population genetics is an emerging field that provides insight relevant to conservation biology and community ecology. However, to date, this approach is limited to species with available genetic resources. The use of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers developed from recent genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technologies is a roadmap for the study of nonmodel species, but remains cost prohibitive when several, distantly related species are involved. We aimed to overcome this issue using a single HiSeq3000 run of restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) to retrieve SNP markers for 40 diverse species including plants, invertebrates, fish, and mammals. We developed a Python-based pipeline to isolate c. 100–500 high-quality SNP markers for each species that could be genotyped through classical PCR amplification methods. To assess the quality of these markers, we validated our approach on c. 160 of the characterized SNPs for each of 18 Neotropical fish species from the river Maroni (French Guiana, South America), using the MassARRAY iPLEX platform from Agena Bioscience (San Diego, CA, USA). A run of the pipeline applying stringent filtering parameters enabled the successful design of between 130 and 3,492 SNP markers for 30 of the 40 study species. Relaxing pipeline parameters allows for an increase in the number of detected SNPs. Across the 18 species from French Guiana, an average of 85% of markers were successfully amplified, polymorphic, and scored in ≥90% of individuals (c. 200 individuals per species). The great majority (>98%) of these markers were at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in each sampling site from the river Maroni. This SNP discovery was performed at the cost of c. $US110 for each of the 40 species. Genotyping was performed at the cost of c. $US6000 for each of the 18 fish species with an average of 200 individuals per species. This strategy was found cost-and-time efficient to develop hundreds of SNP markers for a large range of nonmodel species, which can be used to investigate ecological and evolutionary questions that do not require whole-genome coverage.
Published: 2018

22. Direct measurement of local constitutive relations, at the micrometre scale, in bulk metallic alloys

Author: Jean-Baptiste Marijon, Claire Maurice, Véronique Favier, Odile Robach, Emeric Plancher, N. Rupin, Dominique Loisnard, J. Petit, Olivier Castelnau, Jean-Sébastien Micha, Julien Stodolna, E Bosso, Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire Energétique Mécanique Electromagnétisme (LEME), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanostructures et Rayonnement Synchrotron (NRS ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ANR-11-BS09-0030,MICROSTRESS,Hétérogénéités du champ de contraintes à l'échelle du (sub)micromètre dans les polycristaux élasto-plastiques(2011), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG)
Subjects: Digital image correlation, Materials science, Matériaux [Sciences de l'ingénieur], Scale (ratio), Constitutive equation, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, local constitutive behavior, stress, X-ray Laue microdiffraction, strain, digital image correlation, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Crystal, Stress (mechanics), 0103 physical sciences, Composite material, 010302 applied physics, Structural material, Mécanique [Sciences de l'ingénieur], [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 0210 nano-technology, Single crystal
Abstract: International audience; Multiscale models involving crystal plasticity are essential to predict the elastoplastic behavior of structural materials with respect to their microstructure. However, those models are often limited by a poor knowledge of the local constitutive behavior. This article reports a method to measure the mechanical behavior directly, at the micrometre scale, in bulk crystalline materials. Local strain and stress states were evaluated at the surface of a bent stainless steel crystal by combining total strain measurements – performed with the digital image correlation technique on optical images – with elastic strain measurements obtained by Laue microdiffraction. A local constitutive relation was measured, in an efficient nondestructive way, without the need for full-field simulations. The method was validated by a comparison between the measured local behavior and the macroscopic behavior of the single crystal.
Published: 2017

23. Temporal sampling helps unravel the genetic structure of naturally occurring populations of a phytoparasitic nematode. 1. Insights from the estimation of effective population sizes

Author: Sylvain Fournet, Cécile Gracianne, Eric J. Petit, Catherine Porte, Eric Olivier, Jean-François Arnaud, Pierre-Loup Jan, Marie‐Christine Denis, Sylvie Bardou-Valette, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Ministry of Agriculture, French Ministry of Education and Research, Institut Technique de la Betterave sucrière, Union Française des Semenciers, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, wild nematode populations, hetérodéra schachtii, Context (language use), plante hôte, Sea beet, Heterodera schachtii, 03 medical and health sciences, fréquence des allèles, Effective population size, genetique des populations, Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, nématode à kyste, 2. Zero hunger, Natural selection, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology, amaranthaceae, résistance aux parasites, Ecology, Population size, espèce végétale, fungi, food and beverages, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima, lutte contre les ravageurs, beta vulgaris spp. maritima, effective population size, heterodera schachtii, temporal sampling, betterave, 030104 developmental biology, Beta vulgaris spp. maritima, Genetic structure, plante, Original Article, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Inbreeding, mortalité
Abstract: International audience; The sustainability of modern agriculture relies on strategies that can control the ability of pathogens to overcome chemicals or genetic resistances through natural selection. This evolutionary potential, which depends partly on effective population size (Ne), is greatly influenced by human activities. In this context, wild pathogen populations can provide valuable information for assessing the long-term risk associated with crop pests. In this study, we estimated the effective population size of the beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, by sampling 34 populations infecting the sea beet Beta vulgaris spp. maritima twice within a one-year period. Only 20 populations produced enough generations to analyze the variation in allele frequencies, with the remaining populations showing a high mortality rate of the host plant after only one year. The 20 analyzed populations showed surprisingly low effective population sizes, with most having Ne close to 85 individuals. We attribute these low values to the variation in population size through time, systematic inbreeding, and unbalanced sex- ratios. Our results suggest that H. schachtii has low evolutionary potential in natural environments. Pest control strategies in which populations on crops mimic wild populations may help prevent parasite adaptation to host resistance.
Published: 2016

24. On the Accuracy of Elastic Strain Field Measurements by Laue Microdiffraction and High-Resolution EBSD: a Cross-Validation Experiment

Author: Olivier Ulrich, N. Rupin, Lucie Saintoyant, J. Petit, Michel Bornert, Emeric Plancher, Dominique Loisnard, Olivier Castelnau, Jean Sébastien Micha, Véronique Favier, Jean Baptiste Marijon, Odile Robach, Claire Maurice, Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire Energétique Mécanique Electromagnétisme (LEME), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EDF (EDF), Matériaux et Mécanique des Composants (EDF R&D MMC), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Nanostructures et Rayonnement Synchrotron (NRS ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), ANR-11-BS09-0030,MICROSTRESS,Hétérogénéités du champ de contraintes à l'échelle du (sub)micromètre dans les polycristaux élasto-plastiques(2011), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Field (physics), Aerospace Engineering, Synchrotron radiation, 02 engineering and technology, Bending, Sciences de l'ingénieur, 01 natural sciences, Stainless steel, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0103 physical sciences, Austenitic steel - HR-EBSD - Laue microdiffraction - Laue-DIC - Stainless steel - Synchrotron radiation, Composite material, Image resolution, Laue microdiffraction, 010302 applied physics, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, technology, industry, and agriculture, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laue-DIC, HR-EBSD, Mechanics of Materials, Solid mechanics, Austenitic steel, Deformation (engineering), 0210 nano-technology, Single crystal, Electron backscatter diffraction
Abstract: International audience; Determining the accuracy of elastic strain measurements in plastically deformed alloys is an experimental challenge. To develop a novel cross-validation procedure, a controlled elasto-plastic strain gradient was created in a stainless steel single crystal by four point bending deformation. The corresponding elastic strain field was probed, with an intragranular spatial resolution, in-situ by Laue microdiffraction and ex-situ by High Resolution EBSD. Good agreement is found for the two independent measurements and the predictions of a mechanical model, at plastic strains below 0.5 %. The accuracy of the measurements is estimated at 3.2 × 10 − 4 .
Published: 2016

25. Temporal sampling helps unravel the genetic structure of naturally occurring populations of a phytoparasitic nematode. 2. Separating the relative effects of gene flow and genetic drift

Author: Sylvain Fournet, Eric Olivier, Catherine Porte, Eric J. Petit, Cécile Gracianne, Sylvie Bardou-Valette, Marie‐Christine Denis, Jean-François Arnaud, Pierre-Loup Jan, VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche, Delphine Eoche-Bosy and Didier Fouville (UMR IGEPP), French Ministry of Agriculture, Institut Technique de la Betterave sucrière, Union Française des Semenciers, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes ( IGEPP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes ( ESE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 ( Evo-Eco-Paléo ), and Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, wild nematode populations, Population, marqueur génétique, assignment tests, hetérodéra schachtii, Biology, plante hôte, Sea beet, Gene flow, Heterodera schachtii, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic drift, genetique des populations, Genetics, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, heterodera schachtii, gene flow, migration-drift equilibrium, nématode à kyste, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], amaranthaceae, Ecology, espèce végétale, fungi, food and beverages, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima, culture, lutte contre les ravageurs, [ SDV.GEN.GPO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], betterave, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic marker, Evolutionary biology, Genetic structure, plante, Biological dispersal, Original Article, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, migration–drift equilibrium
Abstract: International audience; Studying wild pathogen populations in natural ecosystems offers the opportunity to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of biotic diseases in crops and to enhance pest control strategies. We used simulations and genetic markers to investigate the spatial and temporal population genetic structure of wild populations of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii on a wild host plant species, the sea beet (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima), the wild ancestor of cultivated beets. Our analysis of the variation of eight microsatellite loci across four study sites showed that (i) wild H. schachtii populations displayed fine-scaled genetic structure with no evidence of substantial levels of gene flow beyond the scale of the host plant, and comparisons with simulations indicated that (ii) genetic drift substantially affected the residual signals of isolation-by-distance processes, leading to departures from migration–drift equilibrium. In contrast to what can be suspected for (crop) field populations, this showed that wild cyst nematodes have very low dispersal capabilities and are strongly disconnected from each other. Our results provide some key elements for designing pest control strategies , such as decreasing passive dispersal events to limit the spread of virulence among field nematode populations.
Published: 2016

26. Looking beyond the mountain: dispersal barriers in a changing world

Author: Eric J. Petit, Jakob Löndahl, Sylvie V. M. Tesson, Pim Edelaar, Rachael Y. Dudaniec, Julien Cote, Johan Ekroos, Per Jönsson, Beth Okamura, Andy J. Green, Paul Caplat, Centre for Environmental and Climate Research [Lund] (CEC), Lund University [Lund], Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO), Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Life Sciences Department, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Department of Design Sciences, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, EBD-CSIC, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nature, Environment, Society, Université de Malmö, Lund University, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Adaptive potential, adaptation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, écosystème, dissemination, 03 medical and health sciences, genetique des populations, capacité d'adaptation, changement global, geographical distribution, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ecosystem, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, business.industry, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Environmental resource management, Global change, 15. Life on land, environnement, stratégie de gestion, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Ecosystem management, Biological dispersal, dispersion, espèce animale, business, environment, écologie des populations, distribution géographique
Abstract: Dispersal barriers have demographic, evolutionary, and ecosystem-wide consequences. With ongoing changes in the environment, some dispersal bar riers will likely disappear while new ones will appear, and it is crucial to understand these dynamics to forecast species’ distributions and adaptive potential. Here we review recent literature on the ecological and evolutionary aspects of dispersal to highlight key dynamics of dispersal barriers in the face of global change. After defining dispersal barriers, we explain that a better understanding of their dynamics requires identifying the barrier types that are most susceptible to change and predicting species’ responses. This knowledge is a prerequisite for designing management strategies to increase or reduce connectivity, and maintain adaptive potential. Our intent is to motivate researchers to explicitly consider dispersal barriers in order to better forecast the dynamics of species and ecosystems subject to global change.
Published: 2016

27. Determination of deviatoric elastic strain and lattice orientation by applying digital image correlation to Laue microdiffraction images: the enhanced Laue-DIC method

Author: Jean Baptiste Marijon, Michel Bornert, Emeric Plancher, F. G. Zhang, J. Petit, Olivier Castelnau, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Cognitique (ENSC), Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux, Laboratoire Energétique Mécanique Electromagnétisme (LEME), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Diffraction, Digital image correlation, Materials science, 030303 biophysics, deviatoric elastic strain, lattice orientation, 02 engineering and technology, Sciences de l'ingénieur, Data treatment, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Standard deviation, Stress (mechanics), 03 medical and health sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, Lattice (order), digital image correlation, Laue microdiffraction, 0303 health sciences, Relative rotation, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Ellipsoid, deviatoric elastic strain - digital image correlation - lattice orientation - Laue microdiffraction, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: A new method of determining the deviatoric elastic strain and lattice orientation from Laue microdiffraction images is presented. Standard data treatment methods can suffer from the difficulty of precisely pinpointing the positions of diffraction peaks on two-dimensional Laue images. In a previous article, digital image correlation (DIC) was introduced for the treatment of Laue images, leading to the so-called Laue-DIC method. This performed better than the standard method in terms of the deviatoric elastic strain increment and relative rotation from one lattice to another, particularly when the shape of the Laue spots departs from regular ellipsoids. The present work intends to push forward the Laue-DIC method, aiming to determine the deviatoric elastic strain and lattice orientation, as well as the calibration parameters. The performance of this new method, named enhanced Laue-DIC, is assessed by modeling the spot displacements and accounting for random fluctuations relevant for typical experimental conditions. When the enhanced Laue-DIC method is applied to the case of anin situdeformed Si crystal, the obtained standard deviation of local stress is of the order of 1–2 MPa, while the calibration parameters are optimized to high accuracy.
Published: 2015

28. Risk factors of postictal generalized EEG suppression in generalized convulsive seizures

Author: Edouard Hirsch, Anca Nica, Fabrice Bartolomei, Louis Maillard, William Szurhaj, Jacques Jonas, Arielle Crespel, Pierre Thomas, Luc Valton, Philippe Kahane, S.D. Rosenberg, Philippe Ryvlin, J Petit, Vincent Navarro, Cécile Marchal, Francine Chassoux, Bertrand de Toffol, Blanca Mercedes, Sylvain Rheims, Veriano Alexandre, Marie Denuelle, Brain Dynamics and Cognition (DYCOG), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CERCO), Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de neurophysiologie clinique (CHRU Lille), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service de Neurologie [Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg-Hopital Civil, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Epilepsies de l'Enfant et Plasticité Cérébrale (U1129), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Neuropathologie [Sainte-Anne], Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Mondes Iranien et Indien - UMR 7528, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des Manuscrits (BnF_MSS), Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), [GIN] Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Neurologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Institut Pascal (IP), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut Des Épilepsies de l'Enfant et de l'adolescent (CTRS-IDEE), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team (U1028 Inserm - UMR5292 CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de neurologie 1 [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut Pascal - Clermont Auvergne (IP), Sigma CLERMONT (Sigma CLERMONT)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL)
Subjects: endocrine system, Electroencephalography, Tonic (physiology), [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Ictal semiology, health services administration, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Prospective cohort study, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Convulsive Seizures, Anesthesia, Neurology (clinical), sense organs, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Cohort study
Abstract: International audience; Objective: To identify the clinical determinants of occurrence of postictal generalized EEG suppression (PGES) after generalized convulsive seizures (GCS).Methods: We reviewed the video-EEG recordings of 417 patients included in the REPO2MSE study, a multicenter prospective cohort study of patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. According to ictal semiology, we classified GCS into 3 types: tonic-clonic GCS with bilateral and symmetric tonic arm extension (type 1), clonic GCS without tonic arm extension or flexion (type 2), and GCS with unilateral or asymmetric tonic arm extension or flexion (type 3). Association between PGES and person-specific or seizure-specific variables was analyzed after correction for individual effects and the varying number of seizures.Results: A total of 99 GCS in 69 patients were included. Occurrence of PGES was independently associated with GCS type (p < 0.001) and lack of early administration of oxygen (p < 0.001). Odds ratio (OR) for GCS type 1 in comparison with GCS type 2 was 66.0 (95% confidence interval [CI 5.4–801.6]). In GCS type 1, risk of PGES was significantly increased when the seizure occurred during sleep (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.2–20.9) and when oxygen was not administered early (OR 13.4, 95% CI 3.2–55.9).Conclusion: The risk of PGES dramatically varied as a function of GCS semiologic characteristics. Whatever the type of GCS, occurrence of PGES was prevented by early administration of oxygen.
Published: 2015

29. Phylogeography and postglacial recolonization of Europe by Rhinolophus hipposideros: evidence from multiple genetic markers

Author: Serena E. Dool, Javier Juste, Andrea Viglino, Carlos F. Ibáñez, Stéphane G. Roué, Christian Dietz, Danilo Russo, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Pavel Hulva, Emma C. Teeling, Stephen J. Rossiter, Gareth Jones, Eric J. Petit, Roberto Toffoli, Adriano Martinoli, University College Dublin, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Développement de l'enfant, Sensory Ecology Group [Seewiesen], Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Zoological Institut Tübingen University, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Faculty of Science, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Dept Biol & Ecol, Techn Univ Ostrava, Technical University of Ostrava [Ostrava] (VSB), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes (UR), University of Bristol [Bristol], University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Consulenze Faunistiche, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Department Environment-Health-Safety, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences [London], Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Région Bretagne, IRCSET Marie Curie International Mobility Fellowship in Science, Engineering and Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Serena E., Dool, Sébastien J., Puechmaille, Christian, Dietz, Javier, Juste, Carlos, Ibanez, Pavel, Hulva, Stéphane G., Roué, Eric J., Petit, Gareth, Jone, Russo, Danilo, Roberto, Toffoli, Andrea, Viglino, Adriano, Martinoli, Stephen J., Rossiter, and Emma C., Teeling
Subjects: Genetic Markers, 0106 biological sciences, Demographic history, Quaternary ice ages, Maghreb, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Western Palearctic, Horseshoe bat, Hipposideros, DNA, Mitochondrial, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Frequency, Chiroptera, Biglycan, Genetics, Animals, Anatolia, Glacial period, glacial refugia, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Base Sequence, biology, Ecology, Genetic Variation, Last Glacial Maximum, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Cytochromes b, biology.organism_classification, Europe, Phylogeography, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, Microsatellite, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: The demographic history of Rhinolophus hipposideros (lesser horseshoe bat) was recon- structed across its European, North African and Middle-Eastern distribution prior to, during and following the most recent glaciations by generating and analysing a multi- marker data set. This data set consisted of an X-linked nuclear intron (Bgn; 543 bp), mitochondrial DNA(cytb-tRNA-control region; 1630 bp) and eight variable microsatel- lite loci for up to 373 individuals from 86 localities. Using this data set of diverse markers, it was possible to determine the species’ demography at three temporal stages. Nuclear intron data revealed early colonization into Europe from the east, which pre-dates the Quaternary glaciations. The mtDNA data supported multiple glacial refugia across the Mediterranean, the largest of which were found in the Ibero- Maghreb region and an eastern location (Anatolia/Middle East)–that were used by R. hipposideros during the most recent glacial cycles. Finally, microsatellites provided the most recent information on these species’ movements since the Last Glacial Maxi- mumand suggested that lineages that had diverged into glacial refugia, such as in the Ibero-Maghreb region, have remained isolated. These findings should be used to inform future conservation management strategies for R. hipposideros and show the power of using a multimarker data set for phylogeographic studies.
Published: 2013

30. Heterozygote deficits in cyst plant-parasitic nematodes: possible causes and consequences

Author: Sylvain Fournet, Andrew Overall, Eric J. Petit, Sylvie Bardou-Valette, Eric Olivier, Cécile Gracianne, Josselin Montarry, Pierre-Loup Jan, Eric Grenier, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Brighton, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Heterozygote, microsatellite, Genotype, Wahlund effect, nematode, Consanguinity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, consanguinity, Gene Frequency, Tobacco, Genetics, Animals, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Inbreeding, Tylenchoidea, Globodera pallida, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, Solanum tuberosum, 0303 health sciences, Likelihood Functions, fungi, heterozygote deficit, Genetic Variation, food and beverages, Heterozygote advantage, biology.organism_classification, Null allele, Genetics, Population, null allele, Biological dispersal, Beta vulgaris, Heterodera schachtii, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Deviations of genotypic frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) expectations could reveal important aspects of the biology of populations. Deviations from HWE due to heterozygote deficits have been recorded for three plant-parasitic nematode species. However, it has never been determined whether the observed deficits were due (i) to the presence of null alleles, (ii) to a high level of consanguinity and/or (iii) to a Wahlund effect. The aim of the present work was, while taking into the possible confounding effect of null alleles, to disentangle consanguinity and Wahlund effect in natural populations of those three economically important cyst nematodes using microsatellite markers: Globodera pallida, G. tabacum and Heterodera schachtii, pests of potato, tobacco and sugar beet, respectively. The results show a consistent pattern of heterozygote deficiency in the three nematode species sampled at the spatial scale of the host plant. We demonstrate that the prevalence of null alleles is weak and that heterozygote deficits do not have a single origin. Our results suggested that it is restricted dispersal that leads to heterozygote deficits through both consanguinity and substructure, which effects can be linked to soil movement, cyst density, and the number of generations per year. We discuss potential implications for the durability of plant resistances that are used to protect crops against parasites in which mating between relatives occur. While consanguineous mating leads to homozygosity at all loci, including loci governing avirulence/virulence, which favours the expression of virulence when recessive, the Wahlund effect is expected to have no particular effect on the adaptation of nematodes to resistances.
Published: 2015

31. Analysis of ASB assisted failure in a high strength steel under high loading rate

Author: J. Petit, Thierry Millot, Emile Roux, Patrice Longère, D. Capdeville, Olivier Cherrier, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), CESMAN - DCNS Research, GRAMAT (DAM/GRAMAT), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)
Subjects: Digital image analysis, Materials science, business.industry, Context (language use), Fracture mechanics, Structural engineering, Displacement (vector), Adiabatic shear band, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], Weak localization, Cracking, Experiment, Fracture, Impact, Dynamic loading, Steel, Fracture (geology), Adiabatic shear banding, business
Abstract: International audience; In the present work, the engineering, high strength ARMOX500T steel was submitted to a Kalthoff and Winkler type impact test in view of evaluating its crack arrest capability under dynamic loading. From an impact velocity of the order of 150m/s, the crack propagation is seen to be preceded by adiabatic shear banding (ASB) leading to a premature plate failure. The whole chronology of the plate failure mechanisms (weak localization, strong localization in the form of ASB then cracking) was observed thanks to the use of an ultra-high speed camera. Further digital image analysis allows for establishing displacement fields describing the kinematics induced by both adiabatic shear banding and crack propagation, in the perspective of being implemented into an embedded band/crack based model in the context of dynamic plasticity and fracture.
Published: 2015

32. Molecular Phylogeny of Pheretimoid Earthworms (Haplotaxina: Megascolecidae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA in Hainan Island, China

Author: Andreas Prinzing, Qi Zhao, Charlène Briard, Eric J Petit, Daniel Cluzeau, Jiangping Qiu, Jing Sun, Jibao Jiang, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics [Chengdu, China], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR), School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Briand, Valerie
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, biology, Ecology, Amynthas, Earthworm, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Geography, Genus, Megascolecidae, Molecular phylogenetics, General Materials Science, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Molecular clock, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; In the Chinese Hainan Island, Amynthas and Metaphire are two dominated pheretimoid earthworm species belonging to the family Megascolecidae. They differ from earthworms in the adjacent regions in their morphology and at the molecular level, which could have occurred due to the unique geography of Hainan Island. Hainan Island is made of two tectonic parts linked to South China and Indochina blocks, respectively. In addition, there is an apparent complicated link between Hainan Island and mainland China because of the different plate movements and sea level changes. In order to understand the evolution of pheretimoid earthworms in Hainan Island, we first investigated the earthworm biodiversity here. Bayesian phylogenetic tree was then constructed from 3511 base pairs from five mitochondrial genes: COI, COII, 16S, 12S, and ND1. Their divergent time was finally traced based on the molecular clock of 2.0-2.4% substitutions/Ma. The results showed three species differentiations between Hainan and Guangdong earthworm species. According to the paleogeography of Asiatic regions (including Hainan Island itself), we hypothesized that the Hainan pheretimoid earthworms might originate from Southeast Asia, and then they dispersed to the south and finally arrived at South China and Hainan Island. Meanwhile, due to the geology movement of the adjacent plates, there was also the migration of earthworms among adjacent regions. Furthermore, we also considered that the relationship between genera Metaphire and Amynthas might be re-considered as one genus.
Published: 2015

33. Digital Image Analysis of ASB-assisted Failure of Impacted Structural Materials

Author: Thierry Millot, J. Petit, D. Capdeville, Olivier Cherrier, Patrice Longère, Emile Roux, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: Engineering, business.industry, Physics, QC1-999, Fracture mechanics, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Displacement (vector), Adiabatic shear band, Weak localization, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Shear stress, Fracture (geology), Deformation (engineering), 0210 nano-technology, business, Adiabatic process
Abstract: International audience; Experimental analysis of fracture mechanisms is a key point to understand and further reproduce physical phenomena involved in structural material failure. Actually, crack propagation under high loading rate is a strongly coupled thermo-mechanical problem involving large deformation, high strain rate and (quasi) adiabatic conditions. The work presented herein aims at analyzing the successive steps of the dynamic deterioration of a high strength structural material, namely the ARMOX500T armor steel, leading to the ultimate fracture. The Kalthoff and Winkler impact test, consisting in impacting the edge of a double notched plate, was retained for that purpose. Images are captured at high frame rate (1M frame/s) during the impact loading then analyzed according to a line tracking method. Three stages are accordingly observed: first the progressive development of a weak localization of the deformation within a wide zone behind the notch tips, second the propagation of a narrow band of strong localization, and finally the propagation of a crack. The propagation of the white band is associated to the development of an adiabatic shear band (ASB), as a precursor of the crack. Corresponding displacement fields are identified thanks to the adopted line tracking method, allowing for determining the evolution of mechanical quantities, including notably notch tip shear displacement and velocity, ASB-related white band velocity, global and local shear strain and shear strain rate magnitudes, in view of being implemented into numerical models.
Published: 2015

34. Will reduced host connectivity curb the spread of a devastating epidemic?

Author: Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Eric J. Petit, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Zoological Institute & Museum, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: chiroptera, Fauna, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Disease free, Biology, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Molecular ecology, Cave, Pseudogymnoascus destructans, Genetics, Animals, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, geography, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, Host (biology), Ecology, fungus, conservation, Fungal pathogen, biology.organism_classification, Genetics, Population, Mycoses, white-nose syndrome, epidemiology, predictive modelling
Abstract: The white-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans, is threatening the cave-dwelling bat fauna of North America by killing individuals by the thousands in hibernacula each winter since its appearance in New York State less than ten years ago. Epidemiological models predict that WNS will reach the western coast of the USA by 2035, potentially eliminating most populations of susceptible bat species in its path (Frick et al. 2015; O'Regan et al. 2015). These models were built and validated using distributional data from the early years of the epidemic, which spread throughout eastern North America following a route driven by cave density and winter severity (Maher et al. 2012). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Wilder et al. (2015) refine these findings by showing that connectivity among host populations, as assessed by population genetic markers, is crucial in determining the spread of the pathogen. Because host connectivity is much reduced in the hitherto disease free western half of North America, Wilder et al. make the reassuring prediction that the disease will spread more slowly west of the Great Plains.
Published: 2015

35. Performance of individual vs. group sampling for inferring dispersal under isolation-by-distance

Author: Thomas Broquet, Eric J. Petit, Natacha Luximon, Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), DIVersité et COnnectivité dans le paysage marin côtier (DIVCO), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 'Marine Aliens and Climate Change' Program funded by AXA Researcg Funds, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Spatial contextual awareness, Ecology, IBD, Sampling (statistics), Genetic Variation, dispersal kernel, Biology, Regression, Sampling Studies, individual-based simulations, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Genetics, Population, Genetic drift, Geographical distance, dispersal inference, Statistics, Genetics, Spatial ecology, Biological dispersal, gene flow, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Biotechnology, Isolation by distance, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Models of isolation-by-distance formalize the effects of genetic drift and gene flow in a spatial context where gene dispersal is spatially limited. These models have been used to show that, at an appropriate spatial scale, dispersal parameters can be inferred from the regression of genetic differentiation against geographic distance between sampling locations. This approach is compelling because it is relatively simple and robust and has rather low sampling requirements. In continuous populations, dispersal can be inferred from isolation-by-distance patterns using either individuals or groups as sampling units. Intrigued by empirical findings where individual samples seemed to provide more power, we used simulations to compare the performances of the two methods in a range of situations with different dispersal distributions. We found that sampling individuals provide more power in a range of dispersal conditions that is narrow but fits many realistic situations. These situations were characterized not only by the general steepness of isolation-by-distance but also by the intrinsic shape of the dispersal kernel. The performances of the two approaches are otherwise similar, suggesting that the choice of a sampling unit is globally less important than other settings such as a study's spatial scale.
Published: 2014

36. Laue microdiffraction at the ESRF

Author: Olivier Sicardy, M. Olivier Geaymond, Odile Robach, Michel Bornert, Olivier Castelnau, J. Petit, M. Olivier Ulrich, François Rieutord, X. Biquard, Jean Sébastien Micha, Sophie Berveiller, Julie Villanova, Christoph Kirchlechner, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Nanostructures et Rayonnement Synchrotron (NRS ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Montanuniversität Leoben (MUL), University of Leoben (MU), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synthèse, Structure et Propriétés de Matériaux Fonctionnels (STEP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CRG et Grands Instruments (CRG), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux (PIMM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Energétique Mécanique Electromagnétisme (LEME), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux (LEM3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Science des Matériaux et des Structures (SMS-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Microstructures et Propriétés Mécaniques (MPM-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SMS, Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de mécanique des solides (LMS), École polytechnique (X)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ARC-Nucleart CEA Grenoble (NUCLEART), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), CRG & Grands instruments (NEEL - CRG), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Diffraction, Materials science, Synchrotron radiation, business.industry, Orientation (computer vision), Resolution (electron density), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Displacement (vector), diffraction contrast, Reciprocal lattice, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Dislocation, 0210 nano-technology, business, Focus (optics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; This book highlights emerging diffraction studies of strain and dislocation gradients with mesoscale resolution, which is currently a focus of research at laboratories around the world. While ensemble-average diffraction techniques are mature, grain and subgrain level measurements needed to understand real materials are just emerging. In order to understand the diffraction signature of different defects, it is necessary to understand the distortions created by the defects and the corresponding changes in the reciprocal space of the non-ideal crystals. Starting with a review of defect classifications based on their displacement fields, this book then provides connections between different dislocation arrangements, including geometrically necessary and statistically stored dislocations, and other common defects and the corresponding changes in the reciprocal space and diffraction patterns. Subsequent chapters provide an overview of microdiffraction techniques developed during the last decade to extract information about strain and dislocation gradients. X-ray microdiffraction is a particularly exciting application compared with alternative probes of local crystalline structure, orientation and defect density, because it is inherently non-destructive and penetrating.
Published: 2014

37. Beyond skepticism: uncovering cryptic refugia using multiple lines of evidence

Author: Carlos Alberto Amasifuen Guerra, Rémy J. Petit, Alexis Ducousso, Guillaume de Lafontaine, Maria-Fernanda Sánchez-Goñi, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Fagus sylvatica (European beech), Physiology, Desert climate, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Last Glacial Maximum, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, cryptic glacial refugia, last glacial maximum, Genetic structure, Late Pleniglacial interval, genetic structure, soil macrofossil charcoal, microrefugia, Heinrich stadials 1 and 2, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany, Skepticism, media_common
Abstract: The increasingly popular opinion that temperate plant and animal species persisted in many small refugia in Europe north of the main southern peninsular refugia directly challenges a classical paradigm. As indirect evidence for the existence of such glacial microrefugia readily accumulates, it is interesting to note that the few direct in situ occurrences of fossils testifying their local existence are almost always debated. Our recent study on European beech (Fagus sylvatica) refugia in south-western France was no exception to this trend. Yet, as mentioned by the philosopher Bertrand Russell, it is not possible ‘to get anywhere if we start from skepticism. We must start from a broad acceptance of whatever seems to be knowledge and is not rejected for some specific reason.’ We therefore believe that no a priori preference should be given to one of the two scenarios of migration from a distant macro-refugium or of survival in situ in small refugia. Microrefugia are by definition spatially restricted and include few and possibly less fit individuals, so that a direct assessment for their existence at the stand-scale is extremely challenging. In fact, without prior information on the possible location of these refugia, finding fossils testifying to their existence is akin to looking for a needle in a haystack. We believe that to uncover glacial micro-refugia, the fossil record needs not to be abundant, as long as the claims are reasonable and the dataset includes both indirect and robust direct field evidence for local presence during the most severe climatic conditions. The criticisms of Huntley extend beyond our own study to other recently published studies on so-called cryptic glacial refugia, that is putative microrefugia inferred indirectly from genetic analyses of extant populations, species distribution modeling (SDM) or regional-scale pollen analyses. As we will now show, considerable progress has been made recently in these fields that deserve to be more widely appreciated.
Published: 2014

38. Outlier loci highlight the direction of introgression in oaks

Author: C. Boury, Erwan Guichoux, Rémy J. Petit, T. Lang, Pauline Garnier-Géré, Lélia Lagache, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sympatry, Gene Flow, Genetic Markers, DNA, Plant, Genotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Quercus petraea, Introgression, Genomics, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, asymmetric introgression, Gene flow, 03 medical and health sciences, Quercus, single nucleotide polymorphism, gene flow barriers, Genetics, genetic assignment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Likelihood Functions, Ecology, Genetic Variation, outlier loci, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, Sympatric speciation, Genetic Loci, divergent selection, France, Quercus robur
Abstract: International audience; Loci considered to be under selection are generally avoided in attempts to infer past demographic processes as they do not fit neutral model assumptions. However, opportunities to better reconstruct some aspects of past demography might thus be missed. Here we examined genetic differentiation between two sympatric European oak species with contrasting ecological dynamics (Quercus robur and Quercus petraea) with both outlier (i.e. loci possibly affected by divergent selection between species or by hitchhiking effects with genomic regions under selection) and nonoutlier loci. We sampled 855 individuals in six mixed forests in France and genotyped them with a set of 262 SNPs enriched with markers showing high interspecific differentiation, resulting in accurate species delimitation. We identified between 13 and 74 interspecific outlier loci, depending on the coalescent simulation models and parameters used. Greater genetic diversity was predicted in Q.petraea (a late-successional species) than in Q.robur (an early successional species) as introgression should theoretically occur predominantly from the resident species to the invading species. Remarkably, this prediction was verified with outlier loci but not with nonoutlier loci. We suggest that the lower effective interspecific gene flow at loci showing high interspecific divergence has better preserved the signal of past asymmetric introgression towards Q.petraea caused by the species' contrasting dynamics. Using markers under selection to reconstruct past demographic processes could therefore have broader potential than generally recognized.
Published: 2013

39. Fagaceae trees as models to integrate ecology, evolution and genomics

Author: John E. Carlson, Rémy J. Petit, Alexis Ducousso, Victoria L. Sork, Marie Laure Loustau, Antonio González-Rodríguez, Christophe Plomion, Alexandru Lucian Curtu, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Pennsylvania, University of Transilvania, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), and University of California
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, Ecology (disciplines), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genomics, Plant Science, Biology, phylogeny, 01 natural sciences, phenology, biotic interactions, modelling, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, Genetic algorithm, hybridization, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Whole genome sequencing, 0303 health sciences, whole genome sequencing, Ecology, Phenology, biology.organism_classification, Fagaceae, speciation, bud burst, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2013

40. Rousettus madagascariensis (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) shows a preference for native and commercially unimportant fruits

Author: Paul A. Racey, Radosoa A. Andrianaivoarivelo, Eric J. Petit, Richard K. B. Jenkins, Olga Ramilijaona, Noromampiandra Razafindrakoto, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Biology, Université d'Antananarivo, Madagasikara Voakajy [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent [Canterbury], Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Exeter, University of Exeter, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre for Ecology and Conservation
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, Fruit bat, Syzygium jambos, engineering.material, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Preference, Pteropodidae, Choice experiment, food, Botany, Madagascar, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Flight cage, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Flesh, Pulp (paper), Diospyros kaki, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Rousettus madagascariensis, Syzygium, engineering, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Flight cage choice experiments carried out over 4 mo demonstrated that a Malagasy fruit bat, Rousettus madagascariensis G. Grandidier, 1928, prefers native or introduced fruit of no commercial value (Ficus polita, Syzygium jambos and S. malaccense) to commercially important fruits (Litchi chinensis and Diospyros kaki). We presented 10 fruit species to the bats: one native (F. polita) and the remainder introduced, 3 of which are commercially important. Most bats responded to fruit presented in a flight cage. Bats swallowed fruit juice and pulp and spat out the fibre of all fruit species provided except L. chinensis and Eugenia jambolana, the flesh of which was swallowed. Chemical composition was the most important determinant of selection by bats. Feeding preference was evidenced by large amounts of chewed pulp, repeated visits to the samefruits and more intensive feeding on lipid- and calcium-rich fruit species. Although commercially important fruit such as L. chinensis and D. kaki tended to have higher fructose content than other species, our results indicate that lipid and calcium content were more important in fruit selection. We suggest that maintaining natural food availability in humid forests and providing alternative sources of fruit (e.g. Syzygium spp.) may contribute to limiting the damage caused by R. madagascariensis to commercially important crops.
Published: 2012

41. Detecting the footprints of divergent selection in oaks with linked markers

Author: Rémy J. Petit, Pablo G. Goicoechea, Antoine Kremer, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario [Derio] (NEIKER), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Gene Flow, 0106 biological sciences, Genetic Speciation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, outlier detection, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Gene flow, Ecological speciation, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Quercus, Genetic algorithm, Genetics, Selection, Genetic, Genetics (clinical), Selection (genetic algorithm), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, score tests, Genetic Variation, divergence hitchhiking, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, Outlier, Microsatellite, Original Article, divergent selection, Genome, Plant, linkage disequilibrium, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Genome scans are increasingly used to study ecological speciation, providing a useful genome-wide perspective on divergent selection in the presence of gene flow. Here, we compare current approaches to detect footprints of divergent selection in closely related species. We analyzed 192 individuals from two interfertile European temperate oak species using 30 nuclear microsatellites from eight linkage groups. These markers present little intraspecific differentiation and can be used in combination to assign individual genotypes to species. We first show that different outlier detection tests give somewhat different results, possibly due to model constraints. Second, using linkage information for these markers, we further characterize the signature of divergent selection in the presence of gene flow. In particular, we show that recombination estimates for regions with outlier markers are lower than those for a control region, in line with a prediction from ecological speciation theory. Most importantly, we show that analyses at the haplotype level can distinguish between truly divergent (bi-directional) selection and positive selection in one of the two species, offering a new and improved method for characterizing the speciation process.
Published: 2012

42. Isotopic evidence of natural uranium and spent fuel uranium releases into the environment

Author: C. Le Corre, D. Tournieux, W. Van Hecke, J. Loyen, B. Boulet, J. Petit, Bruno Téllez Martínez, C. Fayolle, Laurent Pourcelot, and Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, Geologic Sediments, Actinoid Series Elements, chemistry.chemical_element, Fresh Water, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, Plutonium isotopes, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Soil, Nuclear Reactors, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nuclear fuel, Waste management, Chemistry, Radiochemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, technology, industry, and agriculture, food and beverages, General Medicine, Actinide, Uranium, Natural uranium, Spent nuclear fuel, Plutonium, 0104 chemical sciences, 13. Climate action, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, Reprocessed uranium, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Uranium and plutonium isotopes were measured in soils, sediments and waters in an area subject to the past and present discharges from the uranium conversion plant of Malvési (France). The isotopes 236U and 239Pu are well known activation products of uranium and they prove to be powerful tracers of spent fuel releases in soils and sediments. On the other hand 234U and 238U activities measured in waters can be used to distinguish between releases and background uranium sources. Such findings contribute to improve the monitoring of the actinides releases by nuclear fuel facilities (mining sites, conversion, enrichment and fuel plants, reprocessing plants). © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011.
Published: 2011

43. Current trends in microsatellite genotyping

Author: Franck Salin, Rémy J. Petit, Thibaut Malausa, Olivier Lepais, Patrick Léger, Stefanie Wagner, Erwan Guichoux, Philippe Chaumeil, Lélia Lagache, Camille Lepoittevin, E. Revardel, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre de recherche Pernod Ricard, Steinmann Institut, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Genetic Markers, Genotype, MULTIPLEXING, Population, Computational biology, Biology, CARTOGRAPHIE GENETIQUE, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 03 medical and health sciences, NEXTGEN SEQUENCING, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, QUALITY CONTROL, Genetics, medicine, Multiplex, Genetic Testing, education, BINNING, HIGH THROUGHPUT, Genotyping, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm), 030304 developmental biology, Genetic testing, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, Computational Biology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, SSR, Microsatellite, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, CONTRÔLE DE QUALITÉ, Biotechnology, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Microsatellites have been popular molecular markers ever since their advent in the late eighties. Despite growing competition from new genotyping and sequencing techniques, the use of these versatile and cost-effective markers continues to increase, boosted by successive technical advances. First, methods for multiplexing PCR have considerably improved over the last years, thereby decreasing genotyping costs and increasing throughput. Second, next-generation sequencing technologies allow the identification of large numbers of microsatellite loci at reduced cost in non-model species. As a consequence, more stringent selection of loci is possible, thereby further enhancing multiplex quality and efficiency. However, current practices are lagging behind. By surveying recently published population genetic studies relying on simple sequence repeats, we show that more than half of the studies lack appropriate quality controls and do not make use of multiplex PCR. To make the most of the latest technical developments, we outline the need for a well-established strategy including standardized high-throughput bench protocols and specific bioinformatic tools, from primer design to allele calling.
Published: 2011

44. Spatio-temporal functional regression on paleoecological data

Author: Liliane Bel, Rémy J. Petit, Rachid Cheddadi, Avner Bar-Hen, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mathématiques Appliquées Paris 5 (MAP5 - UMR 8145), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées ( MIA-Paris ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Mathématiques Appliquées à Paris 5 ( MAP5 - UMR 8145 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), and Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, CLIMATE CHANGE, Biodiversity, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, Fagus sylvatica, Effects of global warming, RÉGRESSION SPATIALE, HETRE COMMUN, Precipitation, SPATIAL REGRESSION, 0101 mathematics, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Beech, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Genetic diversity, SPATIO-TEMPORAL MODELING, biology, Linear model, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, MODÉLISATION SPATIO-TEMPORELLE, Geography, 13. Climate action, FUNCTIONAL DATA ANALYSIS, BIODIVERSITY, Physical geography, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS
Abstract: There is much interest in predicting the impact of global warming on the genetic diversity of natural populations and the influence of climate on biodiversity is an important ecological question. Since Holocene, we face many climate perturbations and the geographical ranges of plant taxa have changed substantially. Actual genetic diversity of plant is a result of these processes and a first step to study the impact of future climate change is to understand the important features of reconstructed climate variables such as temperature or precipitation for the last 15,000 years on actual genetic diversity of forest. We model the relationship between genetic diversity in the European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests and curves of temperature and precipitation reconstructed from pollen databases. Our model links the genetic measure to the climate curves. We adapt classical functional linear model to take into account interactions between climate variables as a bilinear form. Since the data are georeferenced, our extensions also account for the spatial dependence among the observations. The practical issues of these methodological extensions are discussed.
Published: 2011

45. Social learning of vocal structure in a nonhuman primate?

Author: Eric J. Petit, Karim Ouattara, Alban Lemasson, Klaus Zuberbühler, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Laboratoire de zoologie et biologie animale, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), School of Psychology and Neuroscience [University of St. Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland], PICS, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: Calls, Primates, 0106 biological sciences, Cercopithecus-campbelli, Evolution, QH301 Biology, Zoology, Monkeys, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Produce, QH301, biology.animal, Similarity (psychology), Captive group, QH359-425, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Animals, Humans, Learning, Speech, Attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Primate, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Chimpanzees, Social Behavior, Control (linguistics), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Vocalizations, Structure (mathematical logic), biology, Repertoire, 05 social sciences, Haplorhini, Social learning, Biological Evolution, Nonhuman primate, Evolutionary biology, Convergence (relationship), Vocalization, Animal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Research Article
Abstract: Background Non-human primate communication is thought to be fundamentally different from human speech, mainly due to vast differences in vocal control. The lack of these abilities in non-human primates is especially striking if compared to some marine mammals and bird species, which has generated somewhat of an evolutionary conundrum. What are the biological roots and underlying evolutionary pressures of the human ability to voluntarily control sound production and learn the vocal utterances of others? One hypothesis is that this capacity has evolved gradually in humans from an ancestral stage that resembled the vocal behavior of modern primates. Support for this has come from studies that have documented limited vocal flexibility and convergence in different primate species, typically in calls used during social interactions. The mechanisms underlying these patterns, however, are currently unknown. Specifically, it has been difficult to rule out explanations based on genetic relatedness, suggesting that such vocal flexibility may not be the result of social learning. Results To address this point, we compared the degree of acoustic similarity of contact calls in free-ranging Campbell's monkeys as a function of their social bonds and genetic relatedness. We calculated three different indices to compare the similarities between the calls' frequency contours, the duration of grooming interactions and the microsatellite-based genetic relatedness between partners. We found a significantly positive relation between bond strength and acoustic similarity that was independent of genetic relatedness. Conclusion Genetic factors determine the general species-specific call repertoire of a primate species, while social factors can influence the fine structure of some the call types. The finding is in line with the more general hypothesis that human speech has evolved gradually from earlier primate-like vocal communication.
Published: 2011

46. Historical and contemporary dynamics of adaptive differentiation in European oaks

Author: Antoine Kremer, Rémy J. Petit, Alexis Ducousso, Valérie Le Corre, ProdInra, Migration, J. Andrew DeWoody (Editeur), John W. Bickham (Editeur), Charles H. Michler, Krista M. Nichols, Olin E. Rhodes, Jr (Editeur), Keith E. Woeste (Editeur), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Biologie et Gestion des Adventices (BGA), and Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Environmental resource management, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Natural resource, CHENE, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 03 medical and health sciences, Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Natural resource management, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2010

47. Sex-biased dispersal patterns depend on the spatial scale in a social rodent

Author: Eric J. Petit, Bertrand Gauffre, Vincent Bretagnolle, S. Brodier, Jean-François Cosson, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre de biologie et de gestion des populations, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, Aging, Ecology (disciplines), [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, dispersal distances, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Microtus arvalis, 03 medical and health sciences, Research articles, genetic analyses, Animals, female kin clusters, Social Behavior, Microtus, Demography, 030304 developmental biology, General Environmental Science, Sex Characteristics, 0303 health sciences, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Arvicolinae, Ecology, natal and breeding dispersal, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, colonization, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Evolutionary biology, Genetic structure, Spatial ecology, Biological dispersal, Female, Mammal, Evolutionary ecology, Vole, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: Dispersal is a fundamental process in ecology because it influences the dynamics, genetic structure and persistence of populations. Furthermore, understanding the evolutionary causes of dispersal pattern, particularly when they differ between genders, is still a major question in evolutionary ecology. Using a panel of 10 microsatellite loci, we investigated at different spatial scales the genetic structure and the sex-specific dispersal patterns in the common vole Microtus arvalis , a small colonial mammal. This study was conducted in an intensive agricultural area of western France. Hierarchical F ST analyses, relatedness and assignment tests suggested (i) that females are strongly kin-clustered within colonies; (ii) that dispersal is strongly male-biased at a local scale; and (iii) long-distance dispersal is not rare and more balanced between genders. We conclude that males migrate continuously from colony to colony to reproduce, whereas females may disperse just once and would be mainly involved in new colony foundation.
Published: 2009

48. Plant traits correlated with generation time directly affect inbreeding depression and mating system and indirectly genetic structure

Author: Olivier J. Hardy, Jérôme Duminil, Rémy J. Petit, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université de Liège, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Gene Flow, 0106 biological sciences, Time Factors, taxonomie, Evolution, Biodiversité et Ecologie, flux de gènes, Population genetics, Evolution des espèces, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biodiversity and Ecology, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Genetic drift, Effective population size, Effective selfing model, phylogénie, QH359-425, Inbreeding depression, Inbreeding, Selection, Genetic, DÉPRESSION CONSANGUINE, SYSTÈME D'ACCOUPLEMENT, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, analyse statistique, Models, Genetic, pollinisation, espèce végétale, Genetic Drift, Genetic Variation, Selfing, Plants, 15. Life on land, Mating system, structure génétique, Genetics, Population, Evolutionary biology, Regression Analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Research Article
Abstract: Background: Understanding the mechanisms that control species genetic structure has always been a major objective in evolutionary studies. The association between genetic structure and species attributes has received special attention. As species attributes are highly taxonomically constrained, phylogenetically controlled methods are necessary to infer causal relationships. In plants, a previous study controlling for phylogenetic signal has demonstrated that Wright's F-ST, a measure of genetic differentiation among populations, is best predicted by the mating system (outcrossing, mixed-mating or selfing) and that plant traits such as perenniality and growth form have only an indirect influence on F-ST via their association with the mating system. The objective of this study is to further outline the determinants of plant genetic structure by distinguishing the effects of mating system on gene flow and on genetic drift. The association of biparental inbreeding and inbreeding depression with population genetic structure, mating system and plant traits are also investigated. Results: Based on data from 263 plant species for which estimates of F-ST, inbreeding (F-IS) and outcrossing rate (t(m)) are available, we confirm that mating system is the main influencing factor of F-ST. Moreover, using an alternative measure of F-ST unaffected by the impact of inbreeding on effective population size, we show that the influence of tm on F-ST is due to its impact on gene flow (reduced pollen flow under selfing) and on genetic drift (higher drift under selfing due to inbreeding). Plant traits, in particular perenniality, influence F-ST mostly via their effect on the mating system but also via their association with the magnitude of selection against inbred individuals: the mean inbreeding depression increases from short-lived herbaceous to long-lived herbaceous and then to woody species. The influence of perenniality on mating system does not seem to be related to differences in stature, as proposed earlier, but rather to differences in generation time. Conclusion: Plant traits correlated with generation time affect both inbreeding depression and mating system. These in turn modify genetic drift and gene flow and ultimately genetic structure., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2009

49. Analysis of temperature measurement at material/LIF interface under morderate shock wave compression

Author: P.-L. Héreil, Michel Boustie, J. Petit, C. Chauvin, Centre d'Etudes de Gramat, Délégation Générale pour l'Armement, Laboratoire de combustion et de détonique (LCD), Université de Poitiers-ENSMA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dupuy, Monique
Subjects: Shock wave, Equation of state, Work (thermodynamics), Thermodynamic state, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Chemistry, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Temperature measurement, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Emissivity, Radiance, 010306 general physics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Pyrometer
Abstract: In the field of dynamic high-pressure physics of condensed materials, the accurate knowl- edge of the thermodynamic state of a material is fundamental to understand its dynamic behaviour under stress. The equation of state of materials is verified in terms of pressure, density and internal energy thanks to the measurements of pressure and velocity under shock wave compression with a satisfying precision. The theoretical temperature evaluated from EOS remains discussed. So; its ac- curate measurement is of great interest, in particular at low temperature. However, in this range, measurements appear more difficult to perform. Because of this, a high-speed infrared three-wave- length pyrometer has been modified at CEG to perform measurements at very low temperature (
Published: 2009

50. More introgression with less gene flow: chloroplast vs. mitochondrial DNA in the picea asperata complex in China, and comparison with other conifers

Author: Fang K. Du, Jianquan Liu, Rémy J. Petit, Lanzhou University, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Genetic Markers, Mitochondrial DNA, China, DNA, Plant, Introgression, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA, Mitochondrial, Intraspecific competition, Gene flow, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, Evolution, Molecular, SPECIES DELIMITATION, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Genetic variation, Genetics, GENE FLOW, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Picea, CONIFERS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Polymorphism, Genetic, biology, INTROGRESSION, DNA, Chloroplast, Picea asperata, Sequence Analysis, DNA, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Introns, Tracheophyta, Genetics, Population, Chloroplast DNA, Haplotypes, Genetic marker, EPICEA, PICEA ASPERATA, ADN CHLOROPLASTIQUE
Abstract: International audience; Recent work has suggested that rates of introgression should be inversely related to levels of gene flow because introgressed populations cannot be 'rescued' by intraspecific gene flow if it is too low. Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA (mtDNA and cpDNA) experience very different levels of gene flow in conifers due to their contrasted maternal and paternal modes of transmission, hence the prediction that mtDNA should introgress more readily than cpDNA in this group. Here, we use sequence data from both mtDNA and cpDNA to test this hypothesis in a group of closely related spruces species, the Picea asperata complex from China. Nine mitochondrial and nine chloroplast haplotypes were recovered from 459 individuals in 46 natural populations belonging to five species of the Picea asperata complex. Low variation was found in the two mtDNA introns along with a high level of differentiation among populations (GST = 0.90). In contrast, we detected higher variation and lower differentiation among populations at cpDNA markers (GST = 0.56), a trend shared by most conifer species studied so far. We found that cpDNA variation, although far from being fully diagnostic, is more species-specific than mtDNA variation: four groups of populations were identified using cpDNA markers, all of them related to species or groups of species, whereas for mtDNA, geographical variation prevails over species differentiation. The literature suggests that mtDNA haplotypes are often shared among related conifer species, whereas cpDNA haplotypes are more species-specific. Hence, increased intraspecific gene flow appears to decrease differentiation within species but not among species.
Published: 2009

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