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1. Influence of equal-channel angular pressing on the corrosion fatigue behaviour of an Al-Mg-Si aluminium alloy for automotive conductors

Author

Christine Blanc, Terry C. Lowe, Babak Arfaei, Adrien Laurino, Eric Andrieu, Grégory Odemer, Jean-Paul Harouard, Clement Rochet, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), LEONI WIRING SYSTEMS FRANCE (FRANCE), Ford Motor Company, Colorado School of Mines, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Colorado School of Mines (USA), Ford Motor Company (USA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)

Subjects
Materials science, Matériaux, Alloy, Intermetallic, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Corrosion, 0203 mechanical engineering, Corrosion fatigue, Aluminium alloy, General Materials Science, Electrical conductor, Pressing, Cold working, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Aluminium alloys, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Mechanics of Materials, Brittle fracture, Modeling and Simulation, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; The influence of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on the corrosion fatigue behaviour of an Al-Mg-Si alloy was studied. Preliminary fatigue tests in air showed an increase in fatigue lifetime for ECAP samples, as compared to as-received samples, related to the ECAP-induced grain refinement. After pre-corrosion, the fatigue lifetime was lower for ECAP samples than for as-received samples, because the fragmentation of coarse intermetallics during ECAP led to an increase in the density of corrosion defects.C orrosion fatigue tests demonstrated a synergy between cyclic mechanical loading and corrosion processes for all samples; a deleterious effect of ECAP was also noted.

Published
2020
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2. Opinion: The germicidal effect of ambient air (open-air factor) revisited

Author

Erik Hans Hoffmann, Andreas Tilgner, Hartmut Herrmann, Markus Ammann, V. Faye McNeill, Christopher J. Penkett, Paul T. Griffiths, John Crowley, Timothy J. Wallington, Abdelwahid Mellouki, R. Anthony Cox, Michael E. Jenkin, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, Columbia University [New York], Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), and Ford Motor Company

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Human welfare, Physics, QC1-999, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, Astrobiology, Ambient air, Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, QD1-999, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Open air
Abstract

The term open-air factor (OAF) was coined following microbiological research in the 1960s and 1970s which established that rural air had powerful germicidal properties and attributed this to Criegee intermediates formed in the reaction of ozone with alkenes. We have re-evaluated those early experiments applying the current state of knowledge of ozone–alkene reactions. Contrary to previous speculation, neither Criegee intermediates nor the HO radicals formed in their decomposition are directly responsible for the germicidal activity attributed to the OAF. We identify other potential candidates, which are formed in ozone–alkene reactions and have known (and likely) germicidal properties, but the compounds responsible for the OAF remain a mystery. There has been very little research into the OAF since the 1970s, and this effect seems to have been largely forgotten. In this opinion piece we remind the community of the germicidal open-air factor. Given the current global pandemic spread by an airborne pathogen, understanding the natural germicidal effects of ambient air, solving the mystery of the open-air factor and determining how this effect can be used to improve human welfare should be a high priority for the atmospheric science community.

Published
2021
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3. Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: volume VIII – gas-phase reactions of organic species with four, or more, carbon atoms ( ≥ C4)

Author

Mellouki, Abdelwahid, Ammann, Markus, Cox, R. Anthony, Crowley, John, HERRMANN, HARTMUT, Jenkin, Michael, McNeill, V. Faye, Troe, Jürgen, Wallington, Timothy, Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany, Atmospheric Chemistry Dept. (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), 04318 Leipzig, Germany, Atmospheric Chemistry Services, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 4QB, UK, Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Ford Motor Company, Research and Advanced Engineering, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, USA, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland, and Centre for Atmospheric Science, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EP, UK

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Abstract. This article, the eighth in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data sheets evaluated by the IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation. It covers the gas-phase thermal and photochemical reactions of organic species with four, or more, carbon atoms (≥ C4) available on the IUPAC website in 2021, including thermal reactions of closed-shell organic species with HO and NO3 radicals and their photolysis. The present work is a continuation of volume II (Atkinson et al., 2006), with new reactions and updated data sheets for reactions of HO (77 reactions) and NO3 (36 reactions) with ≥ C4 organics, including alkanes, alkenes, dienes, aromatics, oxygenated, organic nitrates and nitro compounds in addition to photochemical processes for nine species. The article consists of a summary table (Table 1), containing the recommended kinetic parameters for the evaluated reactions, and a supplement containing the data sheets, which provide information upon which recommendations are made.

Published
2021
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4. Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume VII – Criegee intermediates

Author

J. Troe, Hartmut Herrmann, Markus Ammann, R. Anthony Cox, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Timothy J. Wallington, John Crowley, Michael E. Jenkin, V. Faye McNeill, Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Services, Department of Chemical Engineering [New York], Columbia University [New York], Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, and Research and Innovation Center, Ford (Ford Motor Company)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Task group, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, Chemical nomenclature, 010402 general chemistry, Kinetic energy, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, 0104 chemical sciences, Gas phase, lcsh:Chemistry, Volume (thermodynamics), lcsh:QD1-999, Atmospheric chemistry, lcsh:Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This article, the seventh in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data sheets evaluated by the IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation. It covers an extension of the gas-phase and photochemical reactions related to Criegee intermediates previously published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) in 2006 and implemented on the IUPAC website up to 2020. The article consists of an introduction, description of laboratory measurements, a discussion of rate coefficients for reactions of O3 with alkenes producing Criegee intermediates, rate coefficients of unimolecular and bimolecular reactions and photochemical data for reactions of Criegee intermediates, and an overview of the atmospheric chemistry of Criegee intermediates. Summary tables of the recommended kinetic and mechanistic parameters for the evaluated reactions are provided. Data sheets summarizing information upon which the recommendations are based are given in two files, provided as a Supplement to this article.

Published
2020
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5. Predictive multiscale modeling for Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers

Author

Gao, Jiaying, Shakoor, Modesar, Domel, Gino, Merzkirch, Matthias, Zhou, Guowei, Zeng, Danielle, Su, Xuming, Liu, Wing Kam, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Northwestern University [Evanston], University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), Research and Advanced Engineering, and Ford Motor Company

Subjects
[SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020
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6. Database for the kinetics of the gas-phase atmospheric reactions of organic compounds

Author

M. R. McGillen, W. P. L. Carter, A. Mellouki, J. J. Orlando, B. Picquet-Varrault, T. J. Wallington, Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS - CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LE STUDIUM (LE STUDIUM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC), Earth Observing Laboratory [Boulder] (EOL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR)-University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Research and Innovation Center, Ford (Ford Motor Company), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), European Project: 730997,EUROCHAMP2020(2020), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHAUVEAU, Christian, Laboratoires d'excellence - Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment - - VOLTAIRE2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0100 - LABX - VALID, and European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement - EUROCHAMP2020 - 2020-12-01 - 2020-06-30 - 730997 - VALID

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0211 other engineering and technologies, DIMETHYL ETHER, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Gas phase, Atmospheric reactions, CHEMISTRY, ACTIVITY-RELATIONSHIP SAR, OH RADICALS, HYDROXYL RADICAL REACTION, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 021102 mining & metallurgy, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Primary (chemistry), Database, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QE1-996.5, PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA, HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS, lcsh:Geology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, RATE COEFFICIENTS, computer, TERT-BUTYL ETHER
Abstract

We present a digital, freely available, searchable, and evaluated compilation of rate coefficients for the gas-phase reactions of organic compounds with OH, Cl, and NO3 radicals and with O3. Although other compilations of many of these data exist, many are out of date, most have limited scope, and all are difficult to search and to load completely into a digitized form. This compilation uses results of previous reviews, though many recommendations are updated to incorporate new or omitted data or address errors, and includes recommendations on many reactions that have not been reviewed previously. The database, which incorporates over 50 years of measurements, consists of a total of 2765 recommended bimolecular rate coefficients for the reactions of 1357 organic substances with OH, 709 with Cl, 310 with O3, and 389 with NO3, and is much larger than previous compilations. Many compound types are present in this database, including naturally occurring chemicals formed in or emitted to the atmosphere and anthropogenic compounds such as halocarbons and their degradation products. Recommendations are made for rate coefficients at 298 K and, where possible, the temperature dependences over the entire range of the available data. The primary motivation behind this project has been to provide a large and thoroughly evaluated training dataset for the development of structure–activity relationships (SARs), whose reliability depends fundamentally upon the availability of high-quality experimental data. However, there are other potential applications of this work, such as research related to atmospheric lifetimes and fates of organic compounds, or modelling gas-phase reactions of organics in various environments. This database is freely accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/36 (McGillen et al., 2019).

Published
2020
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7. An International Laboratory Comparison Study of Volumetric and Gravimetric Hydrogen Adsorption Measurements

Author

Vitalie Stavila, Rafael Balderas-Xicohténcatl, Mike Veenstra, Mark D. Allendorf, Zeric Hulvey, Katherine E. Hurst, Justin Purewal, Philip A. Parilla, Yuping Yuan, Emilio Napolitano, Hong-Cai Zhou, Laura Espinal, Michel Latroche, M. Sterlin L. Hudson, Thomas Gennett, Jesse Adams, Brent Fultz, Claudia Zlotea, James L. White, Matthew T. Kapelewski, Marek Bielewski, Michael Hirscher, Zachary Perry, Bryce Edwards, Di-Jia Liu, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Colorado School of Mines, U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), Sandia National Laboratories [Livermore], Sandia National Laboratories - Corporation, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems [Tübingen], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, California Institute of Technology, W. M. Keck Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Texas A&M University [College Station], Ford Motor Company, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, University of California [Berkeley], University of California, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Measurement reproducibility, Hydrogen sorption, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Hydrogen adsorption, 0104 chemical sciences, Amorphous solid, Hydrogen storage, Volume (thermodynamics), Comparison study, Gravimetric analysis, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

In order to determine a material's hydrogen storage potential, capacity measurements must be robust, reproducible, and accurate. Commonly, research reports focus on the gravimetric capacity, and often times the volumetric capacity is not reported. Determining volumetric capacities is not as straight-forward, especially for amorphous materials. This is the first study to compare measurement reproducibility across laboratories for excess and total volumetric hydrogen sorption capacities based on the packing volume. The use of consistent measurement protocols, common analysis, and figure of merits for reporting data in this study, enable the comparison of the results for two different materials. Importantly, the results show good agreement for excess gravimetric capacities amongst the laboratories. Irreproducibility for excess and total volumetric capacities is attributed to real differences in the measured packing volume of the material.

Published
2019
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8. Mechanical response of gasoline soot nanoparticles under compression: An in situ TEM study

Author

Arash Khajeh, Istvan Zoltan Jenei, Ashlie Martini, Hamed Ghaednia, Fabrice Dassenoy, Arup Gangopadhyay, Thierry Epicier, Dairene Uy, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne (ENISE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consortium Lyon Saint-Etienne de Microscopie (CLYM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Merced] (UC Merced), University of California (UC), Ford Motor Company, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), University of California [Merced], and University of California

Subjects
In situ, Materials science, Nanoparticle, Modulus, 02 engineering and technology, Molecular dynamics, medicine.disease_cause, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Diesel fuel, 0203 mechanical engineering, In situ TEM, medicine, Gasoline, Composite material, Mechanical Engineering, Compression, Soot nanoparticle, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Compression (physics), Soot, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Mechanics of Materials, Transmission electron microscopy, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Gasoline soot nanoparticles (SNPs) were studied by performing in situ compression tests on individual nanoparticles inside a transmission electron microscope. After consecutive compressions, the SNPs exhibited an elasto-plastic behavior, and an increasing trend in Young's modulus and hardness values. Molecular dynamics were used to simulate compression cycles, the results of which confirmed the observations made during the experiments. The simulations were used to investigate how the different structural components of the nanoparticles affect their elastic and plastic response. By comparing the behavior of gasoline and diesel SNPs under compression, differences were observed both experimentally and in the simulations: the former were found to be more elastic and less prone to become hard under compression compared to the latter.

Published
2019
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9. Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Tropospheric ozone from 1877 to 2016, observed levels, trends and uncertainties

Author

Jessica L. Neu, Kai-Lan Chang, Samuel J. Oltmans, Thomas Trickl, David W. Tarasick, Corinne Vigouroux, Juan Cuesta, James W. Hannigan, Mohammed K. Osman, Meiyun Lin, Helen M. Worden, Timothy J. Wallington, Jane Liu, Ian E. Galbally, Anne M. Thompson, Martin Steinbacher, Prodromos Zanis, Owen R. Cooper, Martin G. Schultz, Birgit Hassler, Maria J. Granados-Munoz, Gaëlle Dufour, Audrey Gaudel, Gilles Foret, Gérard Ancellet, Xiong Liu, Valérie Thouret, Thierry Leblanc, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Omaira García, Jerry Ziemke, Johannes Staehelin, Environment and Climate Change Canada, CSIRO Climate Science Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry [Wollongong] (CAC), University of Wollongong [Australia], Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Ford Motor Company, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Meteorology and Climatology [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMMS), National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), Enable Midstream Partners, Department of Geography and Planning [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing], Nanjing University (NJU), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program [Princeton] (AOS Program), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Princeton University, Remote Sensing Laboratory [Barcelona] (RSLab), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry [Wollongong] (CAC), University of Wollongong, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESRL Global Monitoring Division [Boulder] (GMD), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Environmental Engineering, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, 010501 environmental sciences, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, science development, Atmosphere, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, ddc:550, Tropospheric ozone, Erdsystemmodell -Evaluation und -Analyse, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Measurements, Trends, Historical, lcsh:GE1-350, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Ecology, Northern Hemisphere, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Earth sciences, Lidar, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Satellite
Abstract

From the earliest observations of ozone in the lower atmosphere in the 19th century, both measurement methods and the portion of the globe observed have evolved and changed. These methods have different uncertainties and biases, and the data records differ with respect to coverage (space and time), information content, and representativeness. In this study, various ozone measurement methods and ozone datasets are reviewed and selected for inclusion in the historical record of background ozone levels, based on relationship of the measurement technique to the modern UV absorption standard, absence of interfering pollutants, representativeness of the well-mixed boundary layer and expert judgement of their credibility. There are significant uncertainties with the 19th and early 20th-century measurements related to interference of other gases. Spectroscopic methods applied before 1960 have likely underestimated ozone by as much as 11% at the surface and by about 24% in the free troposphere, due to the use of differing ozone absorption coefficients. There is no unambiguous evidence in the measurement record back to 1896 that typical mid-latitude background surface ozone values were below about 20 nmol mol–1, but there is robust evidence for increases in the temperate and polar regions of the northern hemisphere of 30–70%, with large uncertainty, between the period of historic observations, 1896–1975, and the modern period (1990–2014). Independent historical observations from balloons and aircraft indicate similar changes in the free troposphere. Changes in the southern hemisphere are much less. Regional representativeness of the available observations remains a potential source of large errors, which are difficult to quantify. The great majority of validation and intercomparison studies of free tropospheric ozone measurement methods use ECC ozonesondes as reference. Compared to UV-absorption measurements they show a modest (~1–5% ±5%) high bias in the troposphere, but no evidence of a change with time. Umkehr, lidar, and FTIR methods all show modest low biases relative to ECCs, and so, using ECC sondes as a transfer standard, all appear to agree to within one standard deviation with the modern UV-absorption standard. Other sonde types show an increase of 5–20% in sensitivity to tropospheric ozone from 1970–1995. Biases and standard deviations of satellite retrieval comparisons are often 2–3 times larger than those of other free tropospheric measurements. The lack of information on temporal changes of bias for satellite measurements of tropospheric ozone is an area of concern for long-term trend studies.

Published
2019
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10. Intercomparison of peroxy radical instruments at the HELIOS atmospheric simulation chamber

Author

LAHIB, A., Duncianu, M., TOMAS, A., SCHOEMAECKER, C., Batut, S., KUKUI, A., Ren, Y., Zhou, L., Benoit, R., Grosselin, B., Daele, V., Mellouki, A., STEVENS, P., Dusanter, S., KUKUI, Alexandre, IMT Lille Douai, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Materials and Processes, F-59000 Lille, France, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université des Sciences et Technologies (Lille 1) (USTL), Ford Motor Company, Research and Advanced Engineering, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, USA, INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS BLOOMINGTON USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0341 Middle atmosphere: constituent transport and chemistry, 0305 Aerosols and particles, 0317 Chemical kinetic and photochemical properties, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0312 Air/sea constituent fluxes, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; Peroxy radicals (HO 2 and RO 2 ) are key species in atmospheric chemistry, which together with the hydroxyl radical (OH), are involved in oxidation processes leading to the formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone and organic aerosols. Monitoring these short-lived species during intensive field campaigns and comparing the measured concentrations to box model simulations allow assessing the reliability of chemical mechanisms implemented in atmospheric models. However, ambient measurements of peroxy radicals are still considered challenging and only a few techniques have been used for field measurements. Three complementary instruments capable of ambient measurements of pe roxy radicals have been deployed together at the HELIOS atmospheric simulation chamber (Orléans, France) in October 2018. These instruments rely on the PEroxy Radical Chemical Amplification (PERCA), Laser Induced Fluorescence-Fluorescent Assay by Gas Expansion (LIF-FAGE), and Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (CIMS) techniques. Several chamber experiments have been conducted under dark and irradiated conditions, including oxidation experiments of dihydrogen, methane, pentene, isoprene, and α-pinene. In this presentation, the agreement between the different instruments will be discussed in the light of supporting measurements of volatile organic compounds and inorganic species (O3, NO, NO2), photolysis frequencies, as well as box modelling of the chamber chemistry.

Published
2019

11. Mechanical characterization of diesel soot nanoparticles: in situ compression in a transmission electron microscope and simulations

Author

Ashlie Martini, Dairene Uy, Thierry Epicier, Arash Khajeh, Arup Gangopadhyay, Fabrice Dassenoy, Istvan Zoltan Jenei, Hamed Ghaednia, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes ( LTDS ), École Centrale de Lyon ( ECL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] ( MATEIS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Stockholm University, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consortium Lyon Saint-Etienne de Microscopie (CLYM), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Merced], University of California, Ford Motor Company, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne (ENISE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), University of California [Merced] (UC Merced), University of California (UC), and ANR-11-IDEX-0007,Avenir L.S.E.,PROJET AVENIR LYON SAINT-ETIENNE(2011)

Subjects
Materials science, soot nanoparticle, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Modulus, Nanoparticle, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, medicine.disease_cause, 7. Clean energy, in situ TEM, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 0203 mechanical engineering, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], medicine, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lubricant, Composite material, Elastic modulus, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mechanical Engineering, Electron energy loss spectroscopy, General Chemistry, Nanoindentation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, compression, Soot, molecular dynamics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Mechanics of Materials, Transmission electron microscopy, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Incomplete fuel burning inside an internal combustion engine results in the creation of soot in the form of nanoparticles. Some of these soot nanoparticles (SNP) become adsorbed into the lubricating oil film present on the cylinder walls, which adversely affects the tribological performance of the lubricant. In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying the wear caused by SNPs, it is important to understand the behavior of SNPs and to characterize potential changes in their mechanical properties (e.g. hardness) caused by (or during) mechanical stress. In this study, the behavior of individual SNPs originating from diesel engines was studied under compression. The experiments were performed in a transmission electron microscope using a nanoindentation device. The nanoparticles exhibited elasto-plastic behavior in response to consecutive compression cycles. From the experimental data, the Young's modulus and hardness of the SNPs were calculated. The Young's modulus and hardness of the nanoparticles increased with the number of compression cycles. Using an electron energy loss spectroscopy technique, it was shown that the sp(2)/sp(3) ratio within the compressed nanoparticle decreases, which is suggested to be the cause of the increase in elasticity and hardness. In order to corroborate the experimental findings, molecular dynamics simulations of a model SNP were performed. The SNP model was constructed using carbon and hydrogen atoms with morphology and composition comparable to those observed in the experiment. The model SNP was subjected to repeated compressions between two virtual rigid walls. During the simulation, the nanoparticle exhibited elasto-plastic behavior like that in the experiments. The results of the simulations confirm that the increase in the elastic modulus and hardness is associated with a decrease in the sp(2/)sp(3) ratio.

Published
2018
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12. An Overview on Fault Diagnosis and Nature-Inspired Optimal Control of Industrial Process Applications

Author

PRECUP, R.-E., ANGELOV, P. ., COSTA, B. . SIELLY JALES, Mouchaweh, M. Sayed, Politehnica University of Timisoara (UPT), Computing Department [Lancaster], Lancaster University, Ford Motor Company, Research and Advanced Engineering, Mail Drop RIC-2122, Dearborn, Michigan 48121-2053, USA, École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

13. Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume VI – heterogeneous reactions with liquidsubstrates

Author

Robert A. Cox, Timothy J. Wallington, Markus Ammann, Michael E. Jenkin, J. Troe, John Crowley, Michel J. Rossi, Abdelwahid Mellouki, Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry (OFLB), OFLB, Centre for Atmospheric Science [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Atmospheric Chemistry Services [UK], Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of G¨ottingen, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], System Analytics and Environmental Sciences Department, and Ford Motor Company

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical nomenclature, Thermodynamics, Halide, Sulfuric acid, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, 0104 chemical sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, Troposphere, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, Organic chemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Stratosphere, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This article, the sixth in the ACP journal series, presents data evaluated by the IUPAC Task Group on Atmospheric Chemical Kinetic Data Evaluation. It covers the heterogeneous processes involving liquid particles present in the atmosphere with an emphasis on those relevant for the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere and the marine boundary layer, for which uptake coefficients and adsorption parameters have been presented on the IUPAC website since 2009. The article consists of an introduction and guide to the evaluation, giving a unifying framework for parameterisation of atmospheric heterogeneous processes. We provide summary sheets containing the recommended uptake parameters for the evaluated processes. The experimental data on which the recommendations are based are provided in data sheets in separate appendices for the four surfaces considered: liquid water, deliquesced halide salts, other aqueous electrolytes and sulfuric acid.

Published
2013
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14. A new vision for the automation systems engineering for Automotive Powertrain Assembly

Author

Radmehr P. Monfared, Andrew A. West, Les Lee, Robert Harrison, Izhar Ul Haq, Mechanical and Manufacturing, Loughborough University, Wolfson School of Engineering, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manufacturing Engineering, Powertrain Operation, Ford Motor Company, and Department of Manufacturing Engineering

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Engineering, Powertrain, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 05 social sciences, Automotive industry, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Process automation system, Automation, Manufacturing engineering, Computer Science Applications, Supply and demand, Variety (cybernetics), 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0502 economics and business, Physical Sciences, Systems engineering, Production (economics), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Set (psychology), 050203 business & management
Abstract

International audience; Pressure on the powertrain sector of automotive industry is mounting as market demand for higher variety and lower cost automation systems increases. To maintain the market competitiveness, design-to-market time for new products should be significantly shorter and considerable cost saving needs to be made during the design and manufacture of production facilities. Virtual construction, test and validation of systems prior to build is now identified as crucial because engineering changes due to untested designs cannot be afforded any longer, and approved designs need to be reused more efficiently. In this article, the authors report research collaboration between Loughborough University and Ford Motor Company, to improve the current business and engineering model used in the powertrain industry. The current problems are highlighted and corresponding industrial engineering requirements are specified. The existing end user and supply chain interaction models are captured and a new business and engineering interaction models are proposed to address the requirements. A set of engineering services required for the new interaction models is described and an evaluation approach to identify the impact of the new model on the current enterprises are explained. In addition, an overview given on the research findings on the predicted impacts on the current businesses based on a set of evaluation criteria.

Published
2010
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15. Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Data Mining

Author

Stahlbock, Robert, Crone, Sven F., Abou-Nasr, Mahmoud, ARABNIA, Hamid R., Kourentzes, Nikolaos, Lenca, Philippe, Lippe, Wolfram-Manfred, Weiss, Gary M., Institute of Information Systems (Department of Business Administration, University of Hamburg) (IIS), Lancaster Research Centre for Forecasting (Lancaster University Management School, Department of Management Science) (LRCF), Research and Innovation Center, Ford (Ford Motor Company), University of Georgia [USA], Lab-STICC_TB_CID_DECIDE, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Logique des Usages, Sciences sociales et Sciences de l'Information (LUSSI), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut für Informatik (Münster University), Fordham University [New York], Institute of Information Systems (Department of Business Administration, University of Hamburg) ( IIS ), Lancaster Research Centre for Forecasting (Lancaster University Management School, Department of Management Science) ( LRCF ), Department of Computer Science (University of Georgia), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance ( Lab-STICC ), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Logique des Usages, Sciences sociales et Sciences de l'Information ( LUSSI ), Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], and Department of Computer & Information Sciences (Fordham University)

Subjects
[ INFO.INFO-DB ] Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [ INFO.INFO-NE ] Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE], [ INFO.INFO-AI ] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Data mining, [ STAT.ML ] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

16. Lateral velocity estimation for vehicle testing without steering wheel angle information

Author

Lakehal-Ayat, Mohsen, Diop, Sette, Hofmann, Otto, Diop, Sette, Ford Research & Advanced Engineering Aachen (FFA), Ford Motor Company, Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Vehicle State Estimation, [SPI.AUTO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Observation, Automotive control, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we propose a design of a state-space linear observer for vehicle lateral velocity without using the road wheel angle information, e. g. steering wheel angle. Such a strategy can help reducing the complexity of the state observer and the required tuning efforts on the test engineer while still having reliable and significant information on vehicle lateral velocity for vehicle assessment.

Published
2010

17. Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume IV ? gas phase reactions of organic halogen species

Author

R. Atkinson, D. L. Baulch, R. A. Cox, J. N. Crowley, R. F. Hampson, R. G. Hynes, M. E. Jenkin, M. J. Rossi, J. Troe, T. J. Wallington, Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, School of Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Science [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Energy Technology (CSIRO Energy Technology), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, Laboratoire Pollution Atmospherique et Sol LPAS/ ENAC, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], and Ford Motor Company

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Product Branching Ratios, 02 engineering and technology, Photolysis Resonance Fluorescence, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, 020401 chemical engineering, Extended Temperature-Range, 0103 physical sciences, 0204 chemical engineering, Photofragment Translational Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Absolute Rate Constants, Self-Reaction Kinetics, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atom-Initiated Oxidation, Absorption Cross-Sections, 010304 chemical physics, Laser-Induced Fluorescence, atmospheric chemistry, organic halogen species, lcsh:QC1-999, 0104 chemical sciences, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Physics, Relative Rate Measurements
Abstract

This article, the fourth in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data sheets evaluated by the IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry. It covers the gas phase and photochemical reactions of organic halogen species, which were last published in 1997, and were updated on the IUPAC website in 2006/07. The article consists of a summary sheet, containing the recommended kinetic parameters for the evaluated reactions, and four appendices containing the data sheets, which provide information upon which the recommendations are made.

Published
2007

18. Resolving uncertainties in the radiative forcing of HFC-134a

Author

Forster, Piers M., Burkholder, James B., Clerbaux, Cathy, Coheur, Pierre-François, Dutta, M., Gohar, L.-K., Hurley, M. D., Myhre, G., Portmann, R. W., Shine, K. P., Wallington, T. J., Wuebbles, D., Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ford Motor Company, University of Oslo (UiO), University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, and University of Illinois System

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; HFC-134a (CF3CH2F) is the most rapidly growing hydrofluorocarbon in terms of atmospheric abundance. It is currently used in a large number of household refrigerators and air-conditioning systems and its concentration in the atmosphere is forecast to increase substantially over the next 50–100 years. Previous estimates of its radiative forcing per unit concentration have differed significantly 25%. This paper uses a two-step approach to resolve this discrepancy. In the first step six independent absorption cross section datasets are analysed. We find that, for the integrated cross section in the spectral bands that contribute most to the radiative forcing, the differences between the various datasets are typically smaller than 5% and that the dependence on pressure and temperature is not significant. A “recommended'' HFC-134a infrared absorption spectrum was obtained based on the average band intensities of the strongest bands. In the second step, the “recommended'' HFC-134a spectrum was used in six different radiative transfer models to calculate the HFC-134a radiative forcing efficiency. The clear-sky instantaneous radiative forcing, using a single global and annual mean profile, differed by 8%, between the 6 models, and the latitudinally-resolved adjusted cloudy sky radiative forcing estimates differed by a similar amount. We calculate that the radiative forcing efficiency of HFC-134a is

Published
2005
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