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34 results on '"Eric J. Petit"'

1. Determinants of survival and dispersal along the range expansion of a biological invasion

Author: Eric Edeline, Agnès Starck, Yoann Bennevault, Jean-Marc Paillisson, Eric J. Petit, Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]
Abstract: Projecting future response of biological systems to global change requires a mechanistic understanding of how climate and ecology jointly drive species demography and range dynamics. Such knowledge is particularly crucial when it comes to invasive species, which expansion may have far-reaching consequences for recipient ecosystems. Here, we use mark-recapture in replicated outdoor mesocosms to examine how survival and dispersal, two key drivers of population and range dynamics, respond to climate and ecology in the invasive red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) along an invasion gradient. We show that crayfish survival probability increased with (i) increasing body size at high (but not low) crayfish density and (ii) with warmer temperatures, and decreased (i) with increasing body condition and (ii) under higher crayfish density. Overland dispersal probability by crayfish increased with increasing (i) body-size, (ii) body condition and (iii) temperatures. In contrast, crayfish from range-edge and range-core habitats had similar survival and overland dispersal probabilities, suggesting no evolution of the crayfish expansion potential along the invasion gradient. Our results highlight that species population dynamics and range shifts in a changing world are driven by joint contributions from both climate and ecology. In P. clarkii, global warming will simultaneously promote both a demographic increase and a geographic range expansion, especially in populations dominated by large-bodied individuals.
Published: 2022

2. A multiscale analysis of landscape resistance reveals genetic isolates in an endangered forest-specialist species the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus)

Author: Dominique Vallet, Eric J. Petit, Mohamed Qarro, Aude Ernoult, Yann Rantier, Pascaline Le Gouar, Stéphane Dréano, Nelly Ménard, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Ecole Nationale Forestière d'Ingénieurs du Maroc [Salé] (ENFI), contrat 'Service Provincial des Eaux et Forêts d'Ifrane(Maroc)/University of Rennes 1', Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Primate conservation, Population, Endangered species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Macaque, Landscape genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Genetic erosion, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Isolation by distance, Isolation by resistance, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Macaca sylvanus, Landscape heterogeneity, Dispersal, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Gene flow, Genetic structure, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; In forest-specialist mammals, forest loss may induce resistance to animal movement and reduce gene flow between populations, and thereby increase genetic erosion and extinction risks for populations. Understanding how landscape features affect gene flow is of critical importance for conservation. Using landscape genetic tools at multiple spatial scales, we assessed the effects of landscape heterogeneity (in particular the presence of wide open or rural habitats) on gene flow in an endangered forest-specialist species – the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) –, in its major forest site in Morocco. We genotyped 248 individuals from 23 macaque groups using 11 microsatellite loci. We modelled different scenarios of isolation by landscape resistance. We further tested the relationships between genetic distance and isolation by resistance, after controlling for the effect of isolation by distance. Our results revealed a significant genetic structure and a disruption of gene flow even in geographic proximity. Whatever the spatial scale, remoteness from the forest edge beyond 1km acted as a barrier to macaque movements. In addition, at a fine scale, human-dominated areas were also detected as a barrier. The detection of private alleles in each population suggests an ongoing process of isolation. The preservation of the Barbary macaque implies 1) strictly avoiding all silvicultural practices (in particular clear-cutting of holm oak forests) that could contribute to increase distances between forest patches, 2) restoring corridors between forests, 3) and preserving key small forest patches as potential stepping stones facilitating macaque dispersal.
Published: 2021

3. Genetic diversity in a long‐lived mammal is explained by the past’s demographic shadow and current connectivity

Author: Pierrette Nyssen, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Damien Fourcy, Lisa Lehnen, Martin Biedermann, Wigbert Schorcht, Eric J. Petit, Gerald Kerth, Pierre-Loup Jan, Anne-Laure Besnard, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interessengemeinschaft für Fledermausschutz und -forschung in Thüringen (IFT) e.V, Natagora (Association), Partenaires INRAE, Nachtaktiv Biologists Bat Res GbR, Erfurt, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, bottleneck, Conservation of Natural Resources, Range (biology), Context (language use), Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Bottleneck, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, Isolation by distance, Mammals, Population Density, isolation-by-distance, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Ecology, Population size, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], conservation, Genetic Variation, Global change, genetic diversity, 15. Life on land, respiratory system, Genetics, Population, 13. Climate action, connectivity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), human activities, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Within-species genetic diversity is crucial for the persistence and integrity of populations and ecosystems. Conservation actions require an understanding of factors influencing genetic diversity, especially in the context of global change. Both population size and connectivity are factors greatly influencing genetic diversity; the relative importance of these factors can, however, change through time. Hence, quantifying the degree to which population size or genetic connectivity are shaping genetic diversity, and at which ecological time scale (past or present), is challenging, yet essential for the development of efficient conservation strategies. In this study, we estimated the genetic diversity of 42 colonies of Rhinolophus hipposideros, a long-lived mammal vulnerable to global change, sampling locations spanning its continental northern range. Here, we present an integrative approach that disentangles and quantifies the contribution of different connectivity measures in addition to contemporary colony size and historic bottlenecks in shaping genetic diversity. In our study, the best model explained 64% of the variation in genetic diversity. It included historic bottlenecks, contemporary colony size, connectivity and a negative interaction between the latter two. Contemporary connectivity explained most genetic diversity when considering a 65 km radius around the focal colonies, emphasizing the large geographic scale at which the positive impact of connectivity on genetic diversity is most profound and hence, the minimum scale at which conservation should be planned. Our results highlight that the relative importance of the two main factors shaping genetic diversity varies through time, emphasizing the relevance of disentangling them to ensure appropriate conservation strategies.
Published: 2021

4. Least cost path analysis for urban greenways planning: a test with moths and birds across two habitats and two cities

Author: Aude Ernoult, Luc Madec, Eric J. Petit, Romain Georges, Alain Butet, Solene Croci, Jean-Pierre Caudal, Manon Balbi, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Région Hauts‐de‐France, Région Bretagne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement (IGARUN), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, biology, Resistance (ecology), business.industry, Movement (music), Seven Management and Planning Tools, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Environmental resource management, Fragmentation (computing), 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Passerine, Test (assessment), Geography, Habitat, biology.animal, 11. Sustainability, Green infrastructure, business
Abstract: International audience; 1.One of the major planning tools to respond to urban landscape fragmentation is the development of ecological corridors, that is, interconnected networks of urban green and blue spaces. Least‐cost paths (LCP) appear to be an easy and appropriate resistance‐based modelling method to respond to urban planners’ needs. However, the ecological validation of urban corridors using LCP is rarely performed and needs to be generalized to different species, habitats and cities.2.We developed an experimental design to test the efficiency of LCP predictions to detect highly connecting landscape contexts that facilitate individual movements compared to movements in less connecting landscape contexts. We deliberately assigned LCP analysis parameters based on the scientific literature and expert knowledge to test a method potentially easy to use for urban stakeholders. To extend the validation, we applied our LCP model to two biological taxa with different habitat requirements: grassland‐dwelling moths and forest‐dwelling passerines, and to two medium‐sized cities.3.We used mark–release–recapture (MRR) methods for moths and playback recall protocols for passerines to compare the patterns of individual movement between two contrasted connectivity contexts determined by the presence and absence of modelled LCPs. MRR protocol estimated movement rates between herbaceous patches and the two contrasted connectivity contexts. Playback recall protocol consisted in attracting individuals from wooded patches to the two contrasted connectivity contexts. A movement was considered facilitated, when displacement was rapidly engaged and individuals moved a long distance from their wooded patch.4.Moth and passerine movement patterns differed between the two connectivity contexts: moth recapture rates were higher in highly connecting contexts than in less connecting contexts. For passerine birds, responses to playback recalls were faster and movement distance longer in highly connecting contexts. All results support the hypothesis that both taxa were more prone to move in corridors modelled by LCP.5.Synthesis and applications. The convergence of the results for different biological models and across cities strengthens the relevance of LCP analysis for planning urban greenways and provides guidelines for landscape planners in the development of these corridors to favour the movement and survival of multiple urban species.
Published: 2021

5. Drivers of longitudinal telomere dynamics in a long‐lived bat species, Myotis myotis

Author: Nicole M. Foley, Eric J. Petit, Thomas Brazier, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Graham M. Hughes, John A. Finarelli, Emma C. Teeling, Frédéric Touzalin, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, longitudinal data, Range (biology), Population, bats, Myotis myotis, Biology, Genus Myotis, heritability, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Chiroptera, Genotype, Genetics, telomere length, Animals, Humans, education, Child, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Telomere Shortening, education.field_of_study, Infant, Newborn, conservation, Infant, Bayes Theorem, Heritability, Telomere, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Cross-Sectional Studies, climate change, Ageing, Evolutionary biology, Child, Preschool, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; ge-related telomere shortening is considered a hallmark of the ageing process. However, a recent cross-sectional ageing study of relative telomere length (rTL) in bats failed to detect a relationship between rTL and age in the long-lived genus Myotis (M. myotis and M. bechsteinii), suggesting some other factors are responsible for driving telomere dynamics in these species. Here, we test if longitudinal rTL data show signatures of age-associated telomere attrition in M. myotis and differentiate which intrinsic or extrinsic factors are likely to drive telomere length dynamics. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, rTL was measured in 504 samples from a marked population, from Brittany, France, captured between 2013 and 2016. These represent 174 individuals with an age range of 0 to 7+ years. We find no significant relationship between rTL and age (p = .762), but demonstrate that within-individual rTL is highly variable from year to year. To investigate the heritability of rTL, a population pedigree (n = 1744) was constructed from genotype data generated from a 16-microsatellite multiplex, designed from an initial, low-coverage, Illumina genome for M. myotis. Heritability was estimated in a Bayesian, mixed model framework, and showed that little of the observed variance in rTL is heritable (h(2) = 0.01-0.06). Rather, correlations of first differences, correlating yearly changes in telomere length and weather variables, demonstrate that, during the spring transition, average temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall and windspeed correlate with changes in longitudinal telomere dynamics. As such, rTL may represent a useful biomarker to quantify the physiological impact of various environmental stressors in bats.
Published: 2020

6. Title Ecological relevance of least cost path analysis An easy implementation method for landscape urban planning

Author: Manon Balbi, Solene Croci, Eric J. Petit, Aude Ernoult, Romain Georges, Jean Nabucet, Luc Madec, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), French Nord-Pas de Calais, Bretagne regions, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Foraging, Translocation, 02 engineering and technology, Land cover, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Ground-dwelling mammal, Urban planning, Fragmentation, 11. Sustainability, Humans, Cities, City Planning, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Resistance (ecology), business.industry, City, Green infrastructure, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, 020801 environmental engineering, Geography, Least cost paths, Biological dispersal, Resistance based model, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, France, business, Landscape planning, Hedgehog, Landscape connectivity
Abstract: International audience; Landscape connectivity promotes dispersal and other types of movement, including foraging activity; consequently, the inclusion of connectivity concept is a priority in conservation and landscape planning in response to fragmentation. Urban planners expect the scientific community to provide them with an easy, but scientifically rigorous, method to identify highly connecting contexts in landscapes. The least-cost paths (LCP) method is one of the simplest resistance-based models that could be a good candidate to spatially identify areas where movement is potentially favored in a given landscape. We tested the efficiency of LCP predictions to detect highly connecting landscape contexts facilitating individual movements compared to those performed in un-connecting landscape contexts. We used a landscape-level behavioral experiment based on a translocation protocol and individual repeated measures. In the city of Rennes (France), 30 male hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) were translocated and radio-tracked in both highly connecting and un-connecting contexts, respectively, which were determined by the presence and absence of modelled LCPs. Individual movement patterns were compared between the two predicted contexts. Individuals travelled longer distances, moved faster, and were more active in the highly connecting contexts compared to the un-connecting contexts. Moreover, in highly connecting contexts, hedgehog movement followed LCP orientation, with individuals using more wooded habitats than other land cover class. By using a rigorous experimental design, this study validated the ecological relevance of LCP analysis to identify highly connecting areas, and could be easily implemented by urban landscape planners.
Published: 2019

7. Exploring the causes of small effective population sizes in cyst nematodes using artificial Globodera pallida populations

Author: Josselin Montarry, Sylvain Fournet, Pierre-Loup Jan, Eric J. Petit, Eric Grenier, Romain Mabon, Sylvie Bardou-Valette, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 (UMRH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Evolution, nematode, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Zoology, selection, Potato cyst nematode, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Effective population size, Genetic drift, medicine, Animals, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Cyst, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Tylenchoidea, Globodera pallida, education, Selection (genetic algorithm), Plant Diseases, Solanum tuberosum, 030304 developmental biology, General Environmental Science, Population Density, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, plant resistance, Nematode, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, genetic drift, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, effective population size
Abstract: The effective size of a population is the size of an ideal population which would undergo genetic drift at the same rate as the real population. The balance between selection and genetic drift depends on the effective population size (Ne), rather than the real numbers of individuals in the population (N). The objectives of the present study were to estimateNein the potato cyst nematodeGlobodera pallidaand to explore the causes of a lowNe/Nratio in cyst nematodes using artificial populations. Using a temporal analysis of 24 independent populations, the medianNewas 58 individuals (minNe= 25 and maxNe= 228).Neis commonly lower thanNbut in the case of cyst nematodes, theNe/Nratio was extremely low. Using artificial populations showed that this low ratio did not result from migration, selection and overlapping generations, but could be explain by the fact thatG. pallidapopulations deviate in structure from the assumptions of the ideal population by having unequal sex ratios, high levels of inbreeding and a high variance in family sizes. The consequences of a lowNe, resulting in a strong intensity of genetic drift, could be important for their control becauseG. pallidapopulations will have a low capacity to adapt to changing environments.
Published: 2019

8. Range expansion is associated with increased survival and fecundity in a long-lived bat species

Author: Anne-Laure Besnard, Wigbert Schorcht, Eric J. Petit, Gerald Kerth, Pierre-Loup Jan, Martin Biedermann, Lisa Lehnen, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, P. Le Gouar, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Office National des Forets (ONF), PROCOPE/DAAD programme [57211773], PROCOPE/PHC programme [35454SB], DFG (RESPONSE exchange grant), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, German Science Foundation DFG, Interessengemeinschaft Fledermausschutz & Forsch, Bad Liebenstein, Nachtaktiv Biologists Bat Res GbR, Erfurt, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, life history, capture-mark-recapture, Range (biology), media_common.quotation_subject, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Population, Longevity, Population Dynamics, Zoology, Trade-off, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, Chiroptera, Germany, Population growth, Animals, education, Population Growth, range expansion, 030304 developmental biology, General Environmental Science, media_common, trade-off, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Ecology, Reproduction, General Medicine, DNA, 15. Life on land, Fecundity, biology.organism_classification, Fertility, Habitat, Female, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Animal Distribution
Abstract: The speed and dynamics of range expansions shape species distributions and community composition. Despite the critical impact of population growth rates for range expansion, they are neglected in existing empirical studies, which focus on the investigation of selected life-history traits. Here, we present an approach based on non-invasive genetic capture–mark–recapture data for the estimation of adult survival, fecundity and juvenile survival, which determine population growth. We demonstrate the reliability of our method with simulated data, and use it to investigate life-history changes associated with range expansion in 35 colonies of the bat species Rhinolophus hipposideros . Comparing the demographic parameters inferred for 19 of those colonies which belong to an expanding population with those inferred for the remaining 16 colonies from a non-expanding population reveals that range expansion is associated with higher net reproduction. Juvenile survival was the main driver of the observed reproduction increase in this long-lived bat species with low per capita annual reproductive output. The higher average growth rate in the expanding population was not associated with a trade-off between increased reproduction and survival, suggesting that the observed increase in reproduction stems from a higher resource acquisition in the expanding population. Environmental conditions in the novel habitat hence seem to have an important influence on range expansion dynamics, and warrant further investigation for the management of range expansion in both native and invasive species.
Published: 2019

9. Variable effects of an invasive species on the reproduction and distribution of native species in pond networks

Author: Nadège Bélouard, Jean-Marc Paillisson, Eric J. Petit, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ministere de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche, Agence francaise pour la biodiversite, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Amphibian, species coexistence, Zoology, Introduced species, Aquatic Science, larval densities, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Swamp, Invasive species, Predation, biology.animal, breeding habitat, 14. Life underwater, Procambarus clarkii, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, amphibians, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Crayfish, Habitat, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The arrival of non-native species in a community can be deleterious for native species. The joint investigation of several descriptors of native populations susceptible to invaders, under different invasion contexts, may help in predicting the outcome of their co-occurrence with invasive species. Moreover, empirical studies seldom document the relative importance of the effects of invasive species on native species compared with other factors. Using survey data, we evaluated whether reproduction (larval density) and distribution of breeding sites of three amphibian species (Rana dalmatina, Lissotriton helveticus, and Triturus marmoratus) were related to the presence of invasive red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, compared to other native predators, habitat, and landscape features, in two pond networks that differed in invasion intensity. The red swamp crayfish was only negatively associated with the larval density of one amphibian species studied. Its effect size was similar to that of some native predators, and much smaller than that of the canopy cover of ponds. Amphibians were widespread in the two pond networks. The occupancy of only one species in each network was negatively related to crayfish presence, while the occupancy of all species was negatively related to fish presence. The distribution of amphibian breeding sites was positively associated with aquatic vegetation cover. Negative associations between amphibians and red swamp crayfish were detected only in a few cases, even in the most invaded area, and thus results were less alarming than in previous studies. Differences in ecological traits of native amphibians and interactions with other environmental factors may explain the variable effects of red swamp crayfish on native amphibian populations.
Published: 2019

10. Coexistence of two sympatric cryptic bat species in French Guiana: insights from genetic, acoustic and ecological data

Author: Corinne Régis, Guillaume Queney, Dominique Pontier, Jean-Baptiste Pons, Lina Muselet, Cécile Kaerle, Elodie Portanier, Eric J. Petit, Damien M. de Vienne, Ondine Filippi-Codaccioni, David Fouchet, Marie-Pauline Beugin, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecoépidémiologie évolutionniste, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Bioinformatique, phylogénie et génomique évolutive (BPGE), Département PEGASE [LBBE] (PEGASE), Ecologie et évolution des populations, Antagene - Animal Genomics Laboratory, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Lyon, ANR-11-LABX-0048, and ANR-11-IDEX-0007
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Population genetics, 01 natural sciences, Haplogroup, Chiroptera, Phylogeny, education.field_of_study, biology, Reproduction, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Reproductive isolation, Mitochondrial DNA, French Guiana, Pteronotus cf, Sympatry, Genetic structure, Pteronotus cf. parnellii, Research Article, Species complex, Neotropics, Genotype, Evolution, Population, Introgression, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Species Specificity, Pteronotus, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, QH359-425, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Animals, parnellii, Microsatellite, Echolocation, Asymmetric introgression, education, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cell Nucleus, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Acoustics, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Microsatellite Repeats, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Background The distinction between lineages of neotropical bats from the Pteronotus parnellii species complex has been previously made according to mitochondrial DNA, and especially morphology and acoustics, in order to separate them into two species. In these studies, either sample sizes were too low when genetic and acoustic or morphological data were gathered on the same individuals, or genetic and other data were collected on different individuals. In this study, we intensively sampled bats in 4 caves and combined all approaches in order to analyse genetic, morphologic, and acoustic divergence between these lineages that live in the same caves in French Guiana. Results A multiplex of 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers was developed using the 454-pyrosequencing technique to investigate for the first time the extent of reproductive isolation between the two lineages and the population genetic structure within lineages. We genotyped 748 individuals sampled between 2010 and 2015 at the 20 nuclear microsatellite loci and sequenced a portion of the cytochrome c oxydase I gene in a subset of these. Two distinct, non-overlapping haplogroups corresponding to cryptic species P. alitonus and P. rubiginosus were revealed, in accordance with previous findings. No spatial genetic structure between caves was detected for both species. Hybridization appeared to be quite limited (0.1–4%) using microsatellite markers whereas introgression was more common (7.5%) and asymmetric for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Conclusions The extremely low rate of hybridization could be explained by differences in life cycle phenology between species as well as morphological and acoustical distinction between sexes in one or the other species. Taken together, these results add to our growing understanding of the nature of species boundaries in Pteronotus parnelli, but deserve more in-depth studies to understand the evolutionary processes underlying asymmetric mtDNA introgression in this group of cryptic species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1289-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

11. A cost-and-time effective procedure to develop SNP markers for multiple species: A support for community genetics

Author: Guillaume Evanno, Marie Massot, Erwan Guichoux, Marie-Agnès Coutellec, Raphaelle Rinaldo, Guillaume Longin, Elodie Réveillac, Dominique Barloy, Adrien Oger, Adline Delcamp, Jean-Marc Roussel, Patricia Le Quilliec, Clémence Genthon, Eric J. Petit, Sophie Launey, Olivier Lorvelec, Regis Vigouroux, Gilles Lassalle, Pierre-Yves Le Bail, Chrystelle Delord, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Laboratoire-Environnement de Petit Saut, Hydreco, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), GeT PlaGe, Genotoul, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Parc Amazonien de Guyane, Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie, Agence de l’Eau Seine Normandie, DREAL, Office de l’Eau de Guyane, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique (GeT-PlaGe), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, genetical analysis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Computational biology, Biology, marqueur, 03 medical and health sciences, étude comparative, Snp markers, Guiana shield fish, 14. Life underwater, nonmodel organisms, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, comparative study, marker, SNP development, comparative genetic studies, écologie animale, Ecological Modeling, Community genetics, pipeline, Multiple species, Pipeline (software), RAD-Seq, 030104 developmental biology, MassArray, community genetics, guyane française, animal ecology, espèce animale, analyse génétique
Abstract: Multispecies population genetics is an emerging field that provides insight relevant to conservation biology and community ecology. However, to date, this approach is limited to species with available genetic resources. The use of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers developed from recent genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technologies is a roadmap for the study of nonmodel species, but remains cost prohibitive when several, distantly related species are involved. We aimed to overcome this issue using a single HiSeq3000 run of restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) to retrieve SNP markers for 40 diverse species including plants, invertebrates, fish, and mammals. We developed a Python-based pipeline to isolate c. 100–500 high-quality SNP markers for each species that could be genotyped through classical PCR amplification methods. To assess the quality of these markers, we validated our approach on c. 160 of the characterized SNPs for each of 18 Neotropical fish species from the river Maroni (French Guiana, South America), using the MassARRAY iPLEX platform from Agena Bioscience (San Diego, CA, USA). A run of the pipeline applying stringent filtering parameters enabled the successful design of between 130 and 3,492 SNP markers for 30 of the 40 study species. Relaxing pipeline parameters allows for an increase in the number of detected SNPs. Across the 18 species from French Guiana, an average of 85% of markers were successfully amplified, polymorphic, and scored in ≥90% of individuals (c. 200 individuals per species). The great majority (>98%) of these markers were at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in each sampling site from the river Maroni. This SNP discovery was performed at the cost of c. $US110 for each of the 40 species. Genotyping was performed at the cost of c. $US6000 for each of the 18 fish species with an average of 200 individuals per species. This strategy was found cost-and-time efficient to develop hundreds of SNP markers for a large range of nonmodel species, which can be used to investigate ecological and evolutionary questions that do not require whole-genome coverage.
Published: 2018

12. Temporal sampling helps unravel the genetic structure of naturally occurring populations of a phytoparasitic nematode. 1. Insights from the estimation of effective population sizes

Author: Sylvain Fournet, Cécile Gracianne, Eric J. Petit, Catherine Porte, Eric Olivier, Jean-François Arnaud, Pierre-Loup Jan, Marie‐Christine Denis, Sylvie Bardou-Valette, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Ministry of Agriculture, French Ministry of Education and Research, Institut Technique de la Betterave sucrière, Union Française des Semenciers, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, wild nematode populations, hetérodéra schachtii, Context (language use), plante hôte, Sea beet, Heterodera schachtii, 03 medical and health sciences, fréquence des allèles, Effective population size, genetique des populations, Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, nématode à kyste, 2. Zero hunger, Natural selection, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], biology, amaranthaceae, résistance aux parasites, Ecology, Population size, espèce végétale, fungi, food and beverages, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima, lutte contre les ravageurs, beta vulgaris spp. maritima, effective population size, heterodera schachtii, temporal sampling, betterave, 030104 developmental biology, Beta vulgaris spp. maritima, Genetic structure, plante, Original Article, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Inbreeding, mortalité
Abstract: International audience; The sustainability of modern agriculture relies on strategies that can control the ability of pathogens to overcome chemicals or genetic resistances through natural selection. This evolutionary potential, which depends partly on effective population size (Ne), is greatly influenced by human activities. In this context, wild pathogen populations can provide valuable information for assessing the long-term risk associated with crop pests. In this study, we estimated the effective population size of the beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, by sampling 34 populations infecting the sea beet Beta vulgaris spp. maritima twice within a one-year period. Only 20 populations produced enough generations to analyze the variation in allele frequencies, with the remaining populations showing a high mortality rate of the host plant after only one year. The 20 analyzed populations showed surprisingly low effective population sizes, with most having Ne close to 85 individuals. We attribute these low values to the variation in population size through time, systematic inbreeding, and unbalanced sex- ratios. Our results suggest that H. schachtii has low evolutionary potential in natural environments. Pest control strategies in which populations on crops mimic wild populations may help prevent parasite adaptation to host resistance.
Published: 2016

13. Temporal sampling helps unravel the genetic structure of naturally occurring populations of a phytoparasitic nematode. 2. Separating the relative effects of gene flow and genetic drift

Author: Sylvain Fournet, Eric Olivier, Catherine Porte, Eric J. Petit, Cécile Gracianne, Sylvie Bardou-Valette, Marie‐Christine Denis, Jean-François Arnaud, Pierre-Loup Jan, VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche, Delphine Eoche-Bosy and Didier Fouville (UMR IGEPP), French Ministry of Agriculture, Institut Technique de la Betterave sucrière, Union Française des Semenciers, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes ( IGEPP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes ( ESE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 ( Evo-Eco-Paléo ), and Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, wild nematode populations, Population, marqueur génétique, assignment tests, hetérodéra schachtii, Biology, plante hôte, Sea beet, Gene flow, Heterodera schachtii, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic drift, genetique des populations, Genetics, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, heterodera schachtii, gene flow, migration-drift equilibrium, nématode à kyste, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], amaranthaceae, Ecology, espèce végétale, fungi, food and beverages, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima, culture, lutte contre les ravageurs, [ SDV.GEN.GPO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], betterave, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic marker, Evolutionary biology, Genetic structure, plante, Biological dispersal, Original Article, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, migration–drift equilibrium
Abstract: International audience; Studying wild pathogen populations in natural ecosystems offers the opportunity to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of biotic diseases in crops and to enhance pest control strategies. We used simulations and genetic markers to investigate the spatial and temporal population genetic structure of wild populations of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii on a wild host plant species, the sea beet (Beta vulgaris spp. maritima), the wild ancestor of cultivated beets. Our analysis of the variation of eight microsatellite loci across four study sites showed that (i) wild H. schachtii populations displayed fine-scaled genetic structure with no evidence of substantial levels of gene flow beyond the scale of the host plant, and comparisons with simulations indicated that (ii) genetic drift substantially affected the residual signals of isolation-by-distance processes, leading to departures from migration–drift equilibrium. In contrast to what can be suspected for (crop) field populations, this showed that wild cyst nematodes have very low dispersal capabilities and are strongly disconnected from each other. Our results provide some key elements for designing pest control strategies , such as decreasing passive dispersal events to limit the spread of virulence among field nematode populations.
Published: 2016

14. Looking beyond the mountain: dispersal barriers in a changing world

Author: Eric J. Petit, Jakob Löndahl, Sylvie V. M. Tesson, Pim Edelaar, Rachael Y. Dudaniec, Julien Cote, Johan Ekroos, Per Jönsson, Beth Okamura, Andy J. Green, Paul Caplat, Centre for Environmental and Climate Research [Lund] (CEC), Lund University [Lund], Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide [Sevilla] (UPO), Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Department of Wetland Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Life Sciences Department, Centre Wallon de Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Department of Design Sciences, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, EBD-CSIC, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nature, Environment, Society, Université de Malmö, Lund University, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Adaptive potential, adaptation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, écosystème, dissemination, 03 medical and health sciences, genetique des populations, capacité d'adaptation, changement global, geographical distribution, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ecosystem, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, business.industry, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Environmental resource management, Global change, 15. Life on land, environnement, stratégie de gestion, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Ecosystem management, Biological dispersal, dispersion, espèce animale, business, environment, écologie des populations, distribution géographique
Abstract: Dispersal barriers have demographic, evolutionary, and ecosystem-wide consequences. With ongoing changes in the environment, some dispersal bar riers will likely disappear while new ones will appear, and it is crucial to understand these dynamics to forecast species’ distributions and adaptive potential. Here we review recent literature on the ecological and evolutionary aspects of dispersal to highlight key dynamics of dispersal barriers in the face of global change. After defining dispersal barriers, we explain that a better understanding of their dynamics requires identifying the barrier types that are most susceptible to change and predicting species’ responses. This knowledge is a prerequisite for designing management strategies to increase or reduce connectivity, and maintain adaptive potential. Our intent is to motivate researchers to explicitly consider dispersal barriers in order to better forecast the dynamics of species and ecosystems subject to global change.
Published: 2016

15. Phylogeography and postglacial recolonization of Europe by Rhinolophus hipposideros: evidence from multiple genetic markers

Author: Serena E. Dool, Javier Juste, Andrea Viglino, Carlos F. Ibáñez, Stéphane G. Roué, Christian Dietz, Danilo Russo, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Pavel Hulva, Emma C. Teeling, Stephen J. Rossiter, Gareth Jones, Eric J. Petit, Roberto Toffoli, Adriano Martinoli, University College Dublin, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Développement de l'enfant, Sensory Ecology Group [Seewiesen], Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Zoological Institut Tübingen University, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Faculty of Science, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Dept Biol & Ecol, Techn Univ Ostrava, Technical University of Ostrava [Ostrava] (VSB), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes (UR), University of Bristol [Bristol], University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Consulenze Faunistiche, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Department Environment-Health-Safety, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences [London], Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Région Bretagne, IRCSET Marie Curie International Mobility Fellowship in Science, Engineering and Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Serena E., Dool, Sébastien J., Puechmaille, Christian, Dietz, Javier, Juste, Carlos, Ibanez, Pavel, Hulva, Stéphane G., Roué, Eric J., Petit, Gareth, Jone, Russo, Danilo, Roberto, Toffoli, Andrea, Viglino, Adriano, Martinoli, Stephen J., Rossiter, and Emma C., Teeling
Subjects: Genetic Markers, 0106 biological sciences, Demographic history, Quaternary ice ages, Maghreb, Rhinolophus hipposideros, Western Palearctic, Horseshoe bat, Hipposideros, DNA, Mitochondrial, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Frequency, Chiroptera, Biglycan, Genetics, Animals, Anatolia, Glacial period, glacial refugia, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Base Sequence, biology, Ecology, Genetic Variation, Last Glacial Maximum, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Cytochromes b, biology.organism_classification, Europe, Phylogeography, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, Microsatellite, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: The demographic history of Rhinolophus hipposideros (lesser horseshoe bat) was recon- structed across its European, North African and Middle-Eastern distribution prior to, during and following the most recent glaciations by generating and analysing a multi- marker data set. This data set consisted of an X-linked nuclear intron (Bgn; 543 bp), mitochondrial DNA(cytb-tRNA-control region; 1630 bp) and eight variable microsatel- lite loci for up to 373 individuals from 86 localities. Using this data set of diverse markers, it was possible to determine the species’ demography at three temporal stages. Nuclear intron data revealed early colonization into Europe from the east, which pre-dates the Quaternary glaciations. The mtDNA data supported multiple glacial refugia across the Mediterranean, the largest of which were found in the Ibero- Maghreb region and an eastern location (Anatolia/Middle East)–that were used by R. hipposideros during the most recent glacial cycles. Finally, microsatellites provided the most recent information on these species’ movements since the Last Glacial Maxi- mumand suggested that lineages that had diverged into glacial refugia, such as in the Ibero-Maghreb region, have remained isolated. These findings should be used to inform future conservation management strategies for R. hipposideros and show the power of using a multimarker data set for phylogeographic studies.
Published: 2013

16. Heterozygote deficits in cyst plant-parasitic nematodes: possible causes and consequences

Author: Sylvain Fournet, Andrew Overall, Eric J. Petit, Sylvie Bardou-Valette, Eric Olivier, Cécile Gracianne, Josselin Montarry, Pierre-Loup Jan, Eric Grenier, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Brighton, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Heterozygote, microsatellite, Genotype, Wahlund effect, nematode, Consanguinity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, consanguinity, Gene Frequency, Tobacco, Genetics, Animals, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Inbreeding, Tylenchoidea, Globodera pallida, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, Solanum tuberosum, 0303 health sciences, Likelihood Functions, fungi, heterozygote deficit, Genetic Variation, food and beverages, Heterozygote advantage, biology.organism_classification, Null allele, Genetics, Population, null allele, Biological dispersal, Beta vulgaris, Heterodera schachtii, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Deviations of genotypic frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) expectations could reveal important aspects of the biology of populations. Deviations from HWE due to heterozygote deficits have been recorded for three plant-parasitic nematode species. However, it has never been determined whether the observed deficits were due (i) to the presence of null alleles, (ii) to a high level of consanguinity and/or (iii) to a Wahlund effect. The aim of the present work was, while taking into the possible confounding effect of null alleles, to disentangle consanguinity and Wahlund effect in natural populations of those three economically important cyst nematodes using microsatellite markers: Globodera pallida, G. tabacum and Heterodera schachtii, pests of potato, tobacco and sugar beet, respectively. The results show a consistent pattern of heterozygote deficiency in the three nematode species sampled at the spatial scale of the host plant. We demonstrate that the prevalence of null alleles is weak and that heterozygote deficits do not have a single origin. Our results suggested that it is restricted dispersal that leads to heterozygote deficits through both consanguinity and substructure, which effects can be linked to soil movement, cyst density, and the number of generations per year. We discuss potential implications for the durability of plant resistances that are used to protect crops against parasites in which mating between relatives occur. While consanguineous mating leads to homozygosity at all loci, including loci governing avirulence/virulence, which favours the expression of virulence when recessive, the Wahlund effect is expected to have no particular effect on the adaptation of nematodes to resistances.
Published: 2015

17. Molecular Phylogeny of Pheretimoid Earthworms (Haplotaxina: Megascolecidae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA in Hainan Island, China

Author: Andreas Prinzing, Qi Zhao, Charlène Briard, Eric J Petit, Daniel Cluzeau, Jiangping Qiu, Jing Sun, Jibao Jiang, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics [Chengdu, China], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR), School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Briand, Valerie
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, biology, Ecology, Amynthas, Earthworm, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, Geography, Genus, Megascolecidae, Molecular phylogenetics, General Materials Science, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Molecular clock, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; In the Chinese Hainan Island, Amynthas and Metaphire are two dominated pheretimoid earthworm species belonging to the family Megascolecidae. They differ from earthworms in the adjacent regions in their morphology and at the molecular level, which could have occurred due to the unique geography of Hainan Island. Hainan Island is made of two tectonic parts linked to South China and Indochina blocks, respectively. In addition, there is an apparent complicated link between Hainan Island and mainland China because of the different plate movements and sea level changes. In order to understand the evolution of pheretimoid earthworms in Hainan Island, we first investigated the earthworm biodiversity here. Bayesian phylogenetic tree was then constructed from 3511 base pairs from five mitochondrial genes: COI, COII, 16S, 12S, and ND1. Their divergent time was finally traced based on the molecular clock of 2.0-2.4% substitutions/Ma. The results showed three species differentiations between Hainan and Guangdong earthworm species. According to the paleogeography of Asiatic regions (including Hainan Island itself), we hypothesized that the Hainan pheretimoid earthworms might originate from Southeast Asia, and then they dispersed to the south and finally arrived at South China and Hainan Island. Meanwhile, due to the geology movement of the adjacent plates, there was also the migration of earthworms among adjacent regions. Furthermore, we also considered that the relationship between genera Metaphire and Amynthas might be re-considered as one genus.
Published: 2015

18. Will reduced host connectivity curb the spread of a devastating epidemic?

Author: Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Eric J. Petit, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Zoological Institute & Museum, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: chiroptera, Fauna, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Disease free, Biology, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Molecular ecology, Cave, Pseudogymnoascus destructans, Genetics, Animals, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, geography, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, Host (biology), Ecology, fungus, conservation, Fungal pathogen, biology.organism_classification, Genetics, Population, Mycoses, white-nose syndrome, epidemiology, predictive modelling
Abstract: The white-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans, is threatening the cave-dwelling bat fauna of North America by killing individuals by the thousands in hibernacula each winter since its appearance in New York State less than ten years ago. Epidemiological models predict that WNS will reach the western coast of the USA by 2035, potentially eliminating most populations of susceptible bat species in its path (Frick et al. 2015; O'Regan et al. 2015). These models were built and validated using distributional data from the early years of the epidemic, which spread throughout eastern North America following a route driven by cave density and winter severity (Maher et al. 2012). In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Wilder et al. (2015) refine these findings by showing that connectivity among host populations, as assessed by population genetic markers, is crucial in determining the spread of the pathogen. Because host connectivity is much reduced in the hitherto disease free western half of North America, Wilder et al. make the reassuring prediction that the disease will spread more slowly west of the Great Plains.
Published: 2015

19. Performance of individual vs. group sampling for inferring dispersal under isolation-by-distance

Author: Thomas Broquet, Eric J. Petit, Natacha Luximon, Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), DIVersité et COnnectivité dans le paysage marin côtier (DIVCO), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 'Marine Aliens and Climate Change' Program funded by AXA Researcg Funds, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Spatial contextual awareness, Ecology, IBD, Sampling (statistics), Genetic Variation, dispersal kernel, Biology, Regression, Sampling Studies, individual-based simulations, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Genetics, Population, Genetic drift, Geographical distance, dispersal inference, Statistics, Genetics, Spatial ecology, Biological dispersal, gene flow, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Biotechnology, Isolation by distance, Demography
Abstract: International audience; Models of isolation-by-distance formalize the effects of genetic drift and gene flow in a spatial context where gene dispersal is spatially limited. These models have been used to show that, at an appropriate spatial scale, dispersal parameters can be inferred from the regression of genetic differentiation against geographic distance between sampling locations. This approach is compelling because it is relatively simple and robust and has rather low sampling requirements. In continuous populations, dispersal can be inferred from isolation-by-distance patterns using either individuals or groups as sampling units. Intrigued by empirical findings where individual samples seemed to provide more power, we used simulations to compare the performances of the two methods in a range of situations with different dispersal distributions. We found that sampling individuals provide more power in a range of dispersal conditions that is narrow but fits many realistic situations. These situations were characterized not only by the general steepness of isolation-by-distance but also by the intrinsic shape of the dispersal kernel. The performances of the two approaches are otherwise similar, suggesting that the choice of a sampling unit is globally less important than other settings such as a study's spatial scale.
Published: 2014

20. Rousettus madagascariensis (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) shows a preference for native and commercially unimportant fruits

Author: Paul A. Racey, Radosoa A. Andrianaivoarivelo, Eric J. Petit, Richard K. B. Jenkins, Olga Ramilijaona, Noromampiandra Razafindrakoto, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Biology, Université d'Antananarivo, Madagasikara Voakajy [Antananarivo, Madagascar], Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent [Canterbury], Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Exeter, University of Exeter, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre for Ecology and Conservation
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, Fruit bat, Syzygium jambos, engineering.material, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Preference, Pteropodidae, Choice experiment, food, Botany, Madagascar, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Flight cage, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Flesh, Pulp (paper), Diospyros kaki, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Rousettus madagascariensis, Syzygium, engineering, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Flight cage choice experiments carried out over 4 mo demonstrated that a Malagasy fruit bat, Rousettus madagascariensis G. Grandidier, 1928, prefers native or introduced fruit of no commercial value (Ficus polita, Syzygium jambos and S. malaccense) to commercially important fruits (Litchi chinensis and Diospyros kaki). We presented 10 fruit species to the bats: one native (F. polita) and the remainder introduced, 3 of which are commercially important. Most bats responded to fruit presented in a flight cage. Bats swallowed fruit juice and pulp and spat out the fibre of all fruit species provided except L. chinensis and Eugenia jambolana, the flesh of which was swallowed. Chemical composition was the most important determinant of selection by bats. Feeding preference was evidenced by large amounts of chewed pulp, repeated visits to the samefruits and more intensive feeding on lipid- and calcium-rich fruit species. Although commercially important fruit such as L. chinensis and D. kaki tended to have higher fructose content than other species, our results indicate that lipid and calcium content were more important in fruit selection. We suggest that maintaining natural food availability in humid forests and providing alternative sources of fruit (e.g. Syzygium spp.) may contribute to limiting the damage caused by R. madagascariensis to commercially important crops.
Published: 2012

21. Social learning of vocal structure in a nonhuman primate?

Author: Eric J. Petit, Karim Ouattara, Alban Lemasson, Klaus Zuberbühler, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques, Laboratoire de zoologie et biologie animale, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Université de Cocody-Abidjan, Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), School of Psychology and Neuroscience [University of St. Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland], PICS, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: Calls, Primates, 0106 biological sciences, Cercopithecus-campbelli, Evolution, QH301 Biology, Zoology, Monkeys, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Produce, QH301, biology.animal, Similarity (psychology), Captive group, QH359-425, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Animals, Humans, Learning, Speech, Attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Primate, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Chimpanzees, Social Behavior, Control (linguistics), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Vocalizations, Structure (mathematical logic), biology, Repertoire, 05 social sciences, Haplorhini, Social learning, Biological Evolution, Nonhuman primate, Evolutionary biology, Convergence (relationship), Vocalization, Animal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Research Article
Abstract: Background Non-human primate communication is thought to be fundamentally different from human speech, mainly due to vast differences in vocal control. The lack of these abilities in non-human primates is especially striking if compared to some marine mammals and bird species, which has generated somewhat of an evolutionary conundrum. What are the biological roots and underlying evolutionary pressures of the human ability to voluntarily control sound production and learn the vocal utterances of others? One hypothesis is that this capacity has evolved gradually in humans from an ancestral stage that resembled the vocal behavior of modern primates. Support for this has come from studies that have documented limited vocal flexibility and convergence in different primate species, typically in calls used during social interactions. The mechanisms underlying these patterns, however, are currently unknown. Specifically, it has been difficult to rule out explanations based on genetic relatedness, suggesting that such vocal flexibility may not be the result of social learning. Results To address this point, we compared the degree of acoustic similarity of contact calls in free-ranging Campbell's monkeys as a function of their social bonds and genetic relatedness. We calculated three different indices to compare the similarities between the calls' frequency contours, the duration of grooming interactions and the microsatellite-based genetic relatedness between partners. We found a significantly positive relation between bond strength and acoustic similarity that was independent of genetic relatedness. Conclusion Genetic factors determine the general species-specific call repertoire of a primate species, while social factors can influence the fine structure of some the call types. The finding is in line with the more general hypothesis that human speech has evolved gradually from earlier primate-like vocal communication.
Published: 2011

22. Sex-biased dispersal patterns depend on the spatial scale in a social rodent

Author: Eric J. Petit, Bertrand Gauffre, Vincent Bretagnolle, S. Brodier, Jean-François Cosson, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre de biologie et de gestion des populations, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, Aging, Ecology (disciplines), [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, dispersal distances, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Microtus arvalis, 03 medical and health sciences, Research articles, genetic analyses, Animals, female kin clusters, Social Behavior, Microtus, Demography, 030304 developmental biology, General Environmental Science, Sex Characteristics, 0303 health sciences, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Arvicolinae, Ecology, natal and breeding dispersal, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, colonization, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Evolutionary biology, Genetic structure, Spatial ecology, Biological dispersal, Female, Mammal, Evolutionary ecology, Vole, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: Dispersal is a fundamental process in ecology because it influences the dynamics, genetic structure and persistence of populations. Furthermore, understanding the evolutionary causes of dispersal pattern, particularly when they differ between genders, is still a major question in evolutionary ecology. Using a panel of 10 microsatellite loci, we investigated at different spatial scales the genetic structure and the sex-specific dispersal patterns in the common vole Microtus arvalis , a small colonial mammal. This study was conducted in an intensive agricultural area of western France. Hierarchical F ST analyses, relatedness and assignment tests suggested (i) that females are strongly kin-clustered within colonies; (ii) that dispersal is strongly male-biased at a local scale; and (iii) long-distance dispersal is not rare and more balanced between genders. We conclude that males migrate continuously from colony to colony to reproduce, whereas females may disperse just once and would be mainly involved in new colony foundation.
Published: 2009

23. Molecular estimation of dispersal for ecology and population genetics

Author: Thomas Broquet, Eric J. Petit, Département d'écologie et évolution [Lausanne] (DEE), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Seed dispersal, Ecology (disciplines), Population genetics, backward dispersal, Context (language use), Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Variety (cybernetics), Gene flow, 03 medical and health sciences, Biological dispersal, migration rate, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, gene flow, genetic inference, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, dispersal distance, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; The dispersal process, by which individuals or other dispersing agents such as gametes or seeds move from birthplace to a new settlement locality, has important consequences for the dynamics of genes, individuals, and species. Many of the questions addressed by ecology and evolutionary biology require a good understanding of species' dispersal patterns. Much effort has thus been devoted to overcoming the difficulties associated with dispersal measurement. In this context, genetic tools have long been the focus of intensive research, providing a great variety of potential solutions to measuring dispersal. This methodological diversity is reviewed here to help (molecular) ecologists find their way toward dispersal inference and interpretation and to stimulate further developments.
Published: 2009

24. A new 2CTAB/PCI method improves DNA amplification success from faeces of Mediterranean (Barbary macaques) and tropical (lowland gorillas) primates

Author: Dominique Vallet, Florence Levréro, Nelly Ménard, Eric J. Petit, Sylvain Gatti, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de l'Environnement AGRECO-GEIE (DG Environnement, EU) Programme ECOFAC, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Gorillas, Zoology, Gorilla, Population biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Macaque, Macaques, 03 medical and health sciences, Western lowland gorilla, biology.animal, Genetics, Primate, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, DNA extraction, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Feces, 030304 developmental biology, Faeces, 0303 health sciences, biology, Inhibitors, Macaca sylvanus, biology.organism_classification, genomic DNA
Abstract: International audience; Animal genomic DNA extracts of sufficient quality to address questions about population biology or behavioural ecology can be obtained from faeces when adequate extraction procedures are used. The presence of PCR inhibitors in extract products appears generally the main factor limiting DNA amplification success. We compared DNA amplification success from faeces of a tropical primate (western lowland gorilla, Gorilla g. gorilla) and a Mediterranean primate (Barbary macaque, Macaca sylvanus) between a standardized extraction technique widely used in animals (QIAamp(R) stool kit), a technique mainly used in plant species (CTAB) and a new protocol (2CTAB/PCI). Amplification success varied from 51% to 97%, the highest success being reached with the 2CTAB/PCI protocol in both species.
Published: 2008

25. Noninvasive population genetics: a review of sample source, diet, fragment length and microsatellite motif effects on amplification success and genotyping error rates

Author: Thomas Broquet, Eric J. Petit, Nelly Ménard, Briand, Valerie, Département d'écologie et évolution [Lausanne] (DEE), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, amplification success, Population genetics, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, noninvasive, Genetics, allelic dropout, Allele, Genotyping, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Amplicon, genotyping errors, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, chemistry, Genetic marker, Microsatellite, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, low DNA, DNA
Abstract: International audience; Noninvasive population genetics has found many applications in ecology and conservation biology. However, the technical difficulties inherent to the analysis of low quantities of DNA generally tend to limit the efficiency of this approach. The nature of samples and loci used in noninvasive population genetics are important factors that may help increasing the potential success of case studies. Here we reviewed the effects of the source of DNA (hair vs. faeces), the diet of focal species, the length of mitochondrial DNA fragments, and the length and repeat motif of nuclear microsatellite loci on genotyping success (amplification success and rate of allelic dropout). Locus-specific effects appeared to have the greatest impact, amplification success decreasing with both mitochondrial and microsatellite fragments' length, while error rates increase with amplicons' length. Dinucleotides showed best amplification success and lower error rates compared to longer repeat units. Genotyping success did not differ between hair- versus faeces-extracted DNA, and success in faeces-based analyses was not consistently influenced by the diet of focal species. While the great remaining variability among studies implies that other unidentified parameters are acting, results show that the careful choice of genetic markers may allow optimizing the success of noninvasive approaches.
Published: 2007

26. Sex-biased dispersal in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Author: Nelly Ménard, Florence Levréro, Mélanie Douadi, Dominique Vallet, Sylvain Gatti, Gaëtan Duhamel, Eric J. Petit, Magdalena Bermejo, Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), ECOFAC, Universidad de Barcelona, Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Zoology, Gorilla, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA, Mitochondrial, Competition (biology), 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, biology.animal, Genetics, Animals, Humans, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Gorilla gorilla, biology, Behavior, Animal, Y chromosome, Ecology, mtDNA, Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, gorilla, numt, Haplotypes, sex-biased dispersal, Biological dispersal, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, dispersal distance
Abstract: International audience; We explored two hypotheses related to potential differences between sexes in dispersal behaviour in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Direct observations suggest that immature females have more opportunities to move between breeding groups than immature males. The distribution of kin dyadic relationships within and between groups does not, however, support this hypothesis. At larger geographical scales, dispersal is likely to be easier for males than females because of the solitary phase most blackbacks experience before founding their own breeding group. However, previous work indicates that males settle preferentially close to male kin. By specifically tracing female and male lineages with mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal genetic markers, we found that male gorillas in the 6000 km(2) area we surveyed form a single population whereas females are restricted to the individual sites we sampled and do not freely move around this area. These differences are more correctly described as differences in dispersal distances, rather than differences in dispersal rates between sexes (both sexes emigrate from their natal group in this species). Differences in resource competition and dispersal costs between female and male gorillas are compatible with the observed pattern, but more work is needed to understand if these ultimate causes are responsible for sex-biased dispersal distances in western lowland gorillas.
Published: 2007

27. Living in non-breeding groups : an alternative social strategy for maturing gorillas

Author: Nelly Ménard, Florence Levréro, Damien Caillaud, Eric J. Petit, Sylvain Gatti, Annie Gautier-Hion, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Stratégies évolutives et Dynamique spatiale des Populations, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, relatedness, Offspring, Population, Population Dynamics, Gorilla, Hierarchy, Social, Breeding, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Western lowland gorilla, Sexual Behavior, Animal, western lowland gorilla, biology.animal, Juvenile, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, Gorilla gorilla, biology, Ecology, 05 social sciences, nonbreeding groups, Pongidae, Age Factors, Inclusive fitness, dynamics, biology.organism_classification, Congo, Biological dispersal, Animal Science and Zoology, Animal Migration, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Demography
Abstract: International audience; The one-male reproductive strategy implies that maturing males are temporarily excluded from reproduction. In gorillas, these excluded males live either solitarily or in nonbreeding groups (NBGs) that are devoid of adult females. The dynamics of NBGs are not well known. In this study, which was conducted on a gorilla population (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) of 377 individuals that visited the Lokoue clearing in the Republic of Congo, we detail how the NBGs formed, and analyze their dynamics according to age-sex classes, the relatedness of members, and the origin and destination of transferring individuals. We discuss the potential benefits gained by individuals living in these groups. The NBGs included mainly immature males, most of which appeared to have migrated voluntarily from their natal groups. Some individuals (including juvenile females) came from disbanded breeding groups (BGs). Migrants preferentially joined NBGs that included a silverback male. Their dispersal patterns were not determined by their degree of relatedness, but they tended to associate with related silverbacks. In this way, the migrants could enhance their protection against predators and gain experience with different environmental conditions. By tolerating and protecting offspring, aging silverbacks could enhance their inclusive fitness. Finally, young and healthy silverbacks could increase their likelihood of forming a future BG when unrelated females joined them.
Published: 2006

28. Characterization of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros (Rhinolophidae, Chiroptera)

Author: Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Gregory Mathy, Eric J. Petit, Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, microsatellite, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Rhinolophus hipposideros, Horseshoe bat, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Loss of heterozygosity, 03 medical and health sciences, Chiroptera, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology, multiplex PCR, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Evolutionary biology, Polymorphic microsatellites, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Microsatellite
Abstract: International audience; Fourteen polymorphic microsatellites isolated in the lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros, are described. A subset of eight loci successfully coamplified in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and allowed to confirm that expected heterozygosity was relatively high for the eight loci (0.56 – 0.83). This set of eight microsatellites indeed permits to build genetic tags that distinguish all individuals in colonies consisting of up to more than 1000 individuals.
Published: 2005

29. Landscape connectivity influences gene flow in a roe deer population inhabiting a fragmented landscape: an individual-based approach

Author: Eric J. Petit, Jean-Marc Angibault, Aurélie Coulon, Stéphane Aulagnier, A. J. M. Hewison, Maxime Galan, Nicolas Morellet, Jean-François Cosson, Bruno Cargnelutti, institut de recherches sur les grands mammifères, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Unité comportement et écologie de la faune sauvage, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Genotype, FLUX DE GENE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Population Dynamics, Woodland, Environment, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Gene flow, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Gene Frequency, CONNECTIVITY, DISPERSAL, biology.animal, Genetics, GENE FLOW, Animals, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Isolation by distance, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Habitat fragmentation, BIOLOGIE DES POPULATIONS, biology, Geography, Models, Genetic, Ecology, Deer, ISOLATION BY DISTANCE, 15. Life on land, Roe deer, Genetics, Population, HABITAT FRAGMENTATION, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, Female, France, Landscape connectivity, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Changes in agricultural practices and forest fragmentation can have a dramatic effect on landscape connectivity and the dispersal of animals, potentially reducing gene flow within populations. In this study, we assessed the influence of woodland connectivity on gene flow in a traditionally forest-dwelling species--the European roe deer--in a fragmented landscape. From a sample of 648 roe deer spatially referenced within a study area of 55 x 40 km, interindividual genetic distances were calculated from genotypes at 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci. We calculated two geographical distances between each pair of individuals: the Euclidean distance (straight line) and the 'least cost distance' (the trajectory that maximizes the use of wooded corridors). We tested the correlation between genetic pairwise distances and the two types of geographical pairwise distance using Mantel tests. The correlation was better using the least cost distance, which takes into account the distribution of wooded patches, especially for females (the correlation was stronger but not significant for males). These results suggest that in a fragmented woodland area roe deer dispersal is strongly linked to wooded structures and hence that gene flow within the roe deer population is influenced by the connectivity of the landscape.
Published: 2004

30. Estimating sex-specific dispersal rates with autosomal markers in hierarchically structured populations

Author: Pierre Fontanillas, Nicolas Perrin, Eric J. Petit, Institute of Ecology, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Animals, Female, Genetics, Population, Microsatellite Repeats/genetics, Models, Biological, Movement/physiology, Population Dynamics, Selection, Genetic, Sex Factors, Shrews/physiology, Switzerland, Crocidura russula, media_common.quotation_subject, Movement, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, local competition, Competition (biology), 03 medical and health sciences, variance analysis, Genetics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, individual-based models, Ecology, Shrews, F-statistics, biology.organism_classification, Sex specific, coancestry, Evolutionary biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Spatial ecology, Biological dispersal, Microsatellite, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Inbreeding, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; A recent study suggests that sex-specific dispersal rates can be quantitatively estimated on the basis of sex- and state-specific (pre- vs. postdispersal) F-statistics. In the present paper, we extend this approach to account for the hierarchical structure of natural populations, and we validate it through individual-based simulations. The model is applied to an empirical data set consisting of 536 individuals (males, females, and predispersal juveniles) of greater white-toothed shrews (Crocidura russula), sampled according to a hierarchical design and typed for seven autosomal microsatellite loci. From this dataset, dispersal is significantly female biased at the local scale (breeding-group level), but not at the larger scale (among local populations). We argue that selective pressures on dispersal are likely to depend on the spatial scale considered, and that short-distance dispersal should mainly respond to kin interactions (inbreeding or kin competition avoidance), which exert differential pressure on males and females.
Published: 2004

31. Cytochrome b haplotype divergences in West European Apodemus

Author: Eric J. Petit, Harald Brünner, Brigitte A. Reutter, Peter Vogel, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Mitochondrial DNA, Apodemus fulvipectus, Apodemus sylvaticus, Cytochrome b, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Haplotype, Zoology, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, 03 medical and health sciences, cytochrome b, Animal ecology, GenBank, Molecular phylogenetics, Apodemus, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, molecular phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Sequencing of the cytochrome b mitochondrial gene (732 base pairs) in samples of Apodemus sylvaticus from Central Europe (eastern France, Switzerland, southern Germany and western Austria) revealed significant molecular variation not reflected in previous morphological and genetic studies of this species. A comparison with the sequences (150 bp) of 54 specimens available from GenBank (NCBI) showed that two problematic individuals originating from southern Germany have to be assigned to A. fulvipectus, a species not yet known in western Europe. A. sylvaticus specimens (n = 14) sampled north of the Alps exhibited a maximum intraspecific sequence divergence of about 5.1%, whereas the maximum divergence is much lower in A. flavicollis (1%, n = 5) and in A. alpicola (0.5%, n = 4), although the samples originate from a similar geographic range of about 350 km. We also found a high rate of erroneously assigned specimens in GenBank, which indicates that the discrimination of Apodemus species remains a problem and requires further investigations.
Published: 2003

32. Mammalian population genetics: why not Y?

Author: Francois Balloux, Eric J. Petit, Laurent Excoffier, Ethologie, éVolution, Ecologie (EVE), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Edinburgh, Zoological Institute - Conservation Biology, University of Bern, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, microsatellite, Evolution, Ecology (disciplines), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Population genetics, SNP, mammal, Biology, Y chromosome, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, education, dispersal, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Ecology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Haplotype, population genetics, breeding system, Human genetics, Evolutionary biology, Biological dispersal, Heterogametic sex
Abstract: International audience; Studying the population genetics of the Y chromosome is the most simple and direct way to gain independent information on male-specific historic and contemporary evolutionary processes. Y-chromosomal polymorphisms can now be accessed thanks to recent developments in cytogenetic technologies, thus allowing the direct study of male population genetics. More interestingly, because males are the heterogametic sex in mammals, the use of both Y-specific and mitochondrial polymorphisms with autosomal loci offers a unique opportunity to infer sex-specific population parameters and to explore crucial aspects of both breeding systems and dispersal strategies.
Published: 2002

33. Ecologie et population de Rousettus madagascariensis G. Grandidier, 1928 (Pteropodidae)

Author: Andrianaivoarivelo, Radosoa A., Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Biologie Animale, Antananarivo, Université d'Antananarivo, Université Rennes 1, Eric J. PETIT(eric.petit@univ-rennes1.fr), and Université de Antananarivo (Madagascar)
Subjects: Morphology, Génétique moléculaire, Espèces endémiques, Climate, Climat, Endemic species, Molecular genetics, Deforestation, Dispersion, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Morphologie, Fruits
Abstract: Forest habitat loss and associated changes in floristic composition are the major threats to the Malagasy terrestrial biodiversity. These processes are responsible for the decline of numerous species. However, for the vast majority of taxa, the mechanisms triggering these declines are poorly understood. Using the Malagasy rousette (Rousettus madagascariensis) as our model organism, we examine different genetic and ecological aspects of how this animal lives in natural habitats and copes with human modified landscapes of different physical and bioclimatic characteristics. This endemic species has a broad distribution, and appears to play a role in the regeneration of native forest. Through radio telemetry, faecal sample analysis, molecular genetics, and morphometric data, we were able to understand different aspects of the life-history traits and dispersal patterns of this taxon. Observations of wild animal placed in flight cages provided important inference on its feeding preferences between native and introduced plants, with economic value. Results indicate that R. madagascariensis i) uses both : the forest and human modified habitats while foraging; ii) it has a feeding preference for fruits of forest and pioneers species, as compared to plants of commercial importance; iii) it shows weak genetic structure, which is not associated with geographical distance; iv) and morphological variation that correlates with clines in altitude and latitude.; La perte d'habitat et la déforestation sont les principales menaces qui pèsent sur la biodiversité Malgache. Ces processus sont responsables du déclin d'un nombre important d'espèces. Cependant, les mécanismes de ce déclin ne sont pas encore complètement élucidés. En utilisant la roussette malgache (Rousettus madagascariensis) comme un modèle d'organisme, nous nous sommes attachés à étudier les réponses écologiques et génétiques de cette espèce dans des paysages naturels et des paysages modifiés par l'homme et présentant divers types de caractères physico-climatiques à Madagascar. Ayant une large distribution, cette espèce est endémique à Madagascar et assure potentiellement un rôle important dans la régénération naturelle des forêts malgaches. A partir de l'utilisation de la radio télémétrie, d'analyses des matières fécales, d'études moléculaires et de mesures morphométriques nous avons pu examiner le mode de dispersion et l'écologie de cette espèce. L'observation des animaux en volière a fourni des informations importantes sur son choix alimentaire entre plantes autochtones et celles à valeur économique. Dans cette étude, nous avons ainsi mis en évidence : i) que Rousettus madagascariensis utilise les habitats forestiers et ceux modifiés par l'homme pour s'alimenter ; ii) qu'elle a une préférence plus marquée envers les espèces forestières et pionnières qu'envers celles d'importance commerciale ; iii) qu'elle présente une faible mais significative structuration génétique ; iv) mais une variation morphométrique, qui est dépendante de la latitude et de l'altitude.
Published: 2012

34. Ecologie et population de Rousettus madagascariensis G. Grandidier, 1928 (Pteropodidae)

Author: Andrianaivoarivelo, Radosoa A., Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Biologie Animale, Antananarivo, Université d'Antananarivo, Université Rennes 1, Eric J. PETIT(eric.petit@univ-rennes1.fr), Université de Antananarivo (Madagascar), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Briand, Valerie
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Morphology, Génétique moléculaire, Espèces endémiques, Climate, Climat, Endemic species, Molecular genetics, Deforestation, Dispersion, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Morphologie, Fruits
Abstract: Forest habitat loss and associated changes in floristic composition are the major threats to the Malagasy terrestrial biodiversity. These processes are responsible for the decline of numerous species. However, for the vast majority of taxa, the mechanisms triggering these declines are poorly understood. Using the Malagasy rousette (Rousettus madagascariensis) as our model organism, we examine different genetic and ecological aspects of how this animal lives in natural habitats and copes with human modified landscapes of different physical and bioclimatic characteristics. This endemic species has a broad distribution, and appears to play a role in the regeneration of native forest. Through radio telemetry, faecal sample analysis, molecular genetics, and morphometric data, we were able to understand different aspects of the life-history traits and dispersal patterns of this taxon. Observations of wild animal placed in flight cages provided important inference on its feeding preferences between native and introduced plants, with economic value. Results indicate that R. madagascariensis i) uses both : the forest and human modified habitats while foraging; ii) it has a feeding preference for fruits of forest and pioneers species, as compared to plants of commercial importance; iii) it shows weak genetic structure, which is not associated with geographical distance; iv) and morphological variation that correlates with clines in altitude and latitude., La perte d'habitat et la déforestation sont les principales menaces qui pèsent sur la biodiversité Malgache. Ces processus sont responsables du déclin d'un nombre important d'espèces. Cependant, les mécanismes de ce déclin ne sont pas encore complètement élucidés. En utilisant la roussette malgache (Rousettus madagascariensis) comme un modèle d'organisme, nous nous sommes attachés à étudier les réponses écologiques et génétiques de cette espèce dans des paysages naturels et des paysages modifiés par l'homme et présentant divers types de caractères physico-climatiques à Madagascar. Ayant une large distribution, cette espèce est endémique à Madagascar et assure potentiellement un rôle important dans la régénération naturelle des forêts malgaches. A partir de l'utilisation de la radio télémétrie, d'analyses des matières fécales, d'études moléculaires et de mesures morphométriques nous avons pu examiner le mode de dispersion et l'écologie de cette espèce. L'observation des animaux en volière a fourni des informations importantes sur son choix alimentaire entre plantes autochtones et celles à valeur économique. Dans cette étude, nous avons ainsi mis en évidence : i) que Rousettus madagascariensis utilise les habitats forestiers et ceux modifiés par l'homme pour s'alimenter ; ii) qu'elle a une préférence plus marquée envers les espèces forestières et pionnières qu'envers celles d'importance commerciale ; iii) qu'elle présente une faible mais significative structuration génétique ; iv) mais une variation morphométrique, qui est dépendante de la latitude et de l'altitude.
Published: 2012

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34 results on '"Eric J. Petit"'

1. Determinants of survival and dispersal along the range expansion of a biological invasion

2. A multiscale analysis of landscape resistance reveals genetic isolates in an endangered forest-specialist species the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus)

3. Genetic diversity in a long‐lived mammal is explained by the past’s demographic shadow and current connectivity

4. Least cost path analysis for urban greenways planning: a test with moths and birds across two habitats and two cities

5. Drivers of longitudinal telomere dynamics in a long‐lived bat species, Myotis myotis

6. Title Ecological relevance of least cost path analysis An easy implementation method for landscape urban planning

7. Exploring the causes of small effective population sizes in cyst nematodes using artificial Globodera pallida populations

8. Range expansion is associated with increased survival and fecundity in a long-lived bat species

9. Variable effects of an invasive species on the reproduction and distribution of native species in pond networks

10. Coexistence of two sympatric cryptic bat species in French Guiana: insights from genetic, acoustic and ecological data

11. A cost-and-time effective procedure to develop SNP markers for multiple species: A support for community genetics

12. Temporal sampling helps unravel the genetic structure of naturally occurring populations of a phytoparasitic nematode. 1. Insights from the estimation of effective population sizes

13. Temporal sampling helps unravel the genetic structure of naturally occurring populations of a phytoparasitic nematode. 2. Separating the relative effects of gene flow and genetic drift

14. Looking beyond the mountain: dispersal barriers in a changing world

15. Phylogeography and postglacial recolonization of Europe by Rhinolophus hipposideros: evidence from multiple genetic markers

16. Heterozygote deficits in cyst plant-parasitic nematodes: possible causes and consequences

17. Molecular Phylogeny of Pheretimoid Earthworms (Haplotaxina: Megascolecidae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA in Hainan Island, China

18. Will reduced host connectivity curb the spread of a devastating epidemic?

19. Performance of individual vs. group sampling for inferring dispersal under isolation-by-distance

20. Rousettus madagascariensis (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) shows a preference for native and commercially unimportant fruits

21. Social learning of vocal structure in a nonhuman primate?

22. Sex-biased dispersal patterns depend on the spatial scale in a social rodent

23. Molecular estimation of dispersal for ecology and population genetics

24. A new 2CTAB/PCI method improves DNA amplification success from faeces of Mediterranean (Barbary macaques) and tropical (lowland gorillas) primates

25. Noninvasive population genetics: a review of sample source, diet, fragment length and microsatellite motif effects on amplification success and genotyping error rates

26. Sex-biased dispersal in western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

27. Living in non-breeding groups : an alternative social strategy for maturing gorillas

28. Characterization of 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros (Rhinolophidae, Chiroptera)

29. Landscape connectivity influences gene flow in a roe deer population inhabiting a fragmented landscape: an individual-based approach

30. Estimating sex-specific dispersal rates with autosomal markers in hierarchically structured populations

31. Cytochrome b haplotype divergences in West European Apodemus

32. Mammalian population genetics: why not Y?

33. Ecologie et population de Rousettus madagascariensis G. Grandidier, 1928 (Pteropodidae)

34. Ecologie et population de Rousettus madagascariensis G. Grandidier, 1928 (Pteropodidae)

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