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The purpose of the study was to demonstrate how soybean peptides (SBP) protect against H2O2 -induced injury in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). SBP were prepared by protease hydrolysis, in which the molecular weights of 95.76% SBP were smaller than 3 kDa. Cell experiment included four groups: Control group (IPEC-J2 cells were treated with HGDMEM), SBP group (100 μg/mL SBP incubation for 13 h), H2O2 treatment group (1 mM H2O2 treatment for 1 h), SBP + H2O2 group (100 μg/mL SBP pretreatment for 12 h followed by 1 mM H2O2 treatment for 1 h). This study showed that that treatment with single 1 mM H2O2 for 1 h significantly reduced cell viability to 52.99% (p

The MARVELD2 gene is located on chromosome 5q13.2 and is associated with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (OMIM: # 610572). In this study, we identified and reported a novel nonsense mutation in MARVELD2 c. 663G > A in a Chinese family. We collected peripheral venous blood from 19 members of the affected family and performed whole exome sequencing to analyze the mutation genotype. A single-nucleotide mutation was detected in MARVELD2. Five individuals in the family carried the MARVELD2 c.663G>A mutation; one of them was homozygous and showed severe congenital deafness and language impairment. The next-generation sequencing results were validated by Sanger sequencing. This study expands the spectrum of MARVELD2 mutations that cause nonsyndromic hearing loss and provides insights into the molecular pathogenesis underlying deafness. This finding has important implications for genetic screening, diagnosis, counseling, and research of deafness-related genes.

Clinicians often consider the use of dietary supplements to assist in lowering thyroid autoantibody titres in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Currently, different supplements differ in their ability to reduce autoantibody levels. The purpose of this article is to compare the ability of different supplements to lower autoantibody titres and restore TSH levels through a systematic literature review. We obtained information from the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases, as well as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Selected studies included those using selenium, Vitamin D, Myo-inositol, and Myo-inositol in combination with selenium for the treatment of HT patients with euthyroidism. These data were combined using standardised mean differences (SMDs) and assessed using a random effects model. A total of 10 quantitative meta-analyses of case-control studies were selected for this meta-analysis. Compared to the placebo group, the use of selenium supplements was able to significantly reduce the levels of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPOAb) (SMD: -2.44, 95% CI: -4.19, -0.69) and thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) (SMD: -2.76, 95% CI: -4.50, -1.02). During a 6-month treatment, the use of Myo-inositol, Vitamin D alone, and the combination of selenium, and Myo-inositol did not effectively reduce TPOAb (Myo-inositol: SMD:-1.94, 95% CI: -6.75, 2.87; Vitamin D: SMD: -2.54, 95% CI: -6.51,1.42; Se+Myo-inositol: SMD: -3.01, 95% CI: -8.96,2.93) or TgAb (Myo-inositol: SMD:-2.02, 95% CI: -6.52, 2.48; Vitamin D: SMD: -2.73, 95% CI: -6.44,0.98; Se+Myo-inositol: SMD: -3.64, 95% CI: -9.20,1.92) levels. Therefore, we recommend that patients with HT(Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis) be given an appropriate amount of selenium as an auxiliary treatment during standard-of-care treatment.

The physical characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) include solid stress, interstitial fluid pressure, tissue stiffness and microarchitecture. Among them, abnormal changes in tissue stiffness hinder drug delivery, inhibit infiltration of immune killer cells to the tumor site, and contribute to tumor resistance to immunotherapy. Therefore, targeting tissue stiffness to increase the infiltration of drugs and immune cells can offer a powerful support and opportunities to improve the immunotherapy efficacy in solid tumors. In this review, we discuss the mechanical properties of tumors, the impact of a stiff TME on tumor cells and immune cells, and the strategies to modulate tumor mechanics.

BackgroundDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common pathway to End-stage renal disease (ESRD). Podocytes are crucial due to their dual barrier functions in kidney diseases. Their role in renal fibrosis and DKD regulatory mechanisms is increasingly studied. However, bibliometric research in this field has not been explored.Methods1,250 publications from Jan. 1, 2000, to Feb. 16, 2024, were retrieved from the WoSCC database and analyzed by the Web of Science results analysis tool, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace.ResultsOur scrutiny reveals that authors Liu Youhua, Fogo Agnes B, and Zhao Yingyong have made substantial contributions to this domain. Notably, “Kidney International” has the highest volume of publications in this area. Furthermore, our analysis identifies ten co-citation clusters: DKD, IncRNA, reactive oxygen species, glomerulosclerosis, Poria cocos, glomerular diseases, fibroblasts, connective tissue growth factor, coagulation, and Wnt. Recent research accentuates keywords such as autophagy, TRPC6, ERS, epigenetics, and NLRP3 inflammasome as frequently occurring terms in this field. The prevailing research hotspot keywords include autophagy, biomarker, and exosomes.ConclusionThrough the utilization of bibliometric tools and knowledge graph analysis, we have undertaken a comprehensive review of the intricate nexus between podocytes in DKD and renal fibrosis. This study imparts valuable insights to scholars regarding the dynamic evolution of this association and delineates prospective research avenues in this pivotal realm.

ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the lipid metabolism patterns and identify risk factors for dyslipidemia in Wilson’s Disease (WD), offering novel insights into diagnosis and treatment strategies for unexplained dyslipidemia.MethodsData from Wilson’s disease patients hospitalized at the First People’s Hospital of Shanghai from December 2008 to February 2015 were collected. Patients were categorized into normal lipid (46 cases) and dyslipidemia (42 cases) groups based on lipid levels. Group analyzes were conducted using t-tests, chi-square analysis, and rank sum tests. Spearman correlation, multiple linear regression, or Logistic regression were employed to identify relevant influencing factors.Results1. The incidence of abnormal blood lipids in a series of Wilson’s disease patients was 47.73% (25.12 ± 1.29 years old), and the incidence of control healthy group was 27.40%, with proportions of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol being 14.77, 30.68, and 29.63%, respectively; 2. Significant differences were observed between the dyslipidemia and normal WD groups in AST/ALT ratio, liver parenchymal echo, liver surface, spleen area, and ultrasound total score.3. Low-and high-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-c and HDL-c) showed no significant correlation with these indicators. Triglyceride (TG) exhibited moderately negative correlation with AST/ALT, liver parenchymal echo, spleen area, and ultrasound score. Total cholesterol (TC) displayed low negative correlation with these factors.Conclusion1. Dyslipidemia incidence in Wilson’s disease patients may exceed that of the normal population, especially in adolescents with unexplained abnormal lipid metabolism; 2. Patients with mild to moderate liver damage are predisposed to elevated triglycerides and total cholesterol, reflecting liver damage impact on lipid metabolism; 3. Glucose metabolism is not implicated in WD-related dyslipidemia; 4. No significant correlation was found between abnormal lipid metabolism and blood concentration of trace elements in WD patients.

ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the role and investigate mechanisms of β-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) in high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury and renal dysfunction.MethodsIn this study, db/db mice were orally treated with BCX. Blood glucose, body weight, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) were recorded to evaluate the mice renal function. The H&E, PAS staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to examine the effect of BCX on the morphological changes of glomeruli in db/db mice. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level, ATP level, and SA-β-gal staining were used to assess the podocyte oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence. Furthermore, the effects of BCX on Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway were evaluated in vivo and in vitro through Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis.ResultsIn vivo, BCX reversed glomerular mesangial matrix expansion and reduced proteinuria in db/db mice, as well as decreased glomerular oxidative stress and kidney aging. Similarly, in vitro study showed that BCX effectively alleviated the oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and senescence induced by HG in podocytes. Furthermore, we identified that the antioxidative effects of BCX are associated with the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and that Nrf2 knockdown partially abrogated the protective effects of BCX in vitro.ConclusionOur study demonstrated for the first time that BCX alleviates podocyte injury in DKD by promoting Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. BCX may be a potential candidate compound for preventing Diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Fungal probiotics have the potential as feed additives, but less has been explored in ruminant feed up to date. This study aimed to determine the effect of compound probiotics (CPs) with Aspergillus oryzae 1, Aspergillus oryzae 2 and Candida utilis on Hu sheep’s growth performance, rumen fermentation and microbiota. A total of 120 male Hu sheep, aged 2 months and with the body weight of 16.95 ± 0.65 kg were divided into 4 groups. Each group consisted of 5 replicates, with 6 sheep per replicate. Group A was the control group fed with the basal diet. Group B, C and D was supplemented with the basal diet by adding 400, 800 and 1,200 grams per ton (g/t) CPs, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 60 days after a 10-day adaptation period. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) of sheep in the CPs groups were significantly higher, the feed/gain were significantly lower than those in group A in the later stage and the overall period. The addition of CPs increased the economic benefit. The levels of CD4+ and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the CPs groups were higher than those in Group A. The levels of GSH, IgG, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in group C were significantly elevated compared with group A. Group B showed a significant increase in rumen NH3-N and cellulase activity. There was no difference in VFAs content between group A and group B, however, with the increasing addition of CPs, the butyric acid and isobutyric acid content tended to decrease. The rumen microbiota analysis indicated that the CPs addition increased the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria abundances, decreased the Bacteroidetes abundance. The correlation analysis showed that Prevotella was negatively correlated with ADG, and the addition of 400 CPs in group B reduced Prevotella’s relative abundance, indicating CPs increased sheep growth by decreasing Prevotella abundance. The CPs addition reduced caspase-3, NF-κB and TNF-α expression in liver, jejunum and rumen tissues. In conclusion, the addition of CPs increased the sheep production performance, reduced inflammation, improved rumen and intestinal health. Considering the above points and economic benefits, the optimal addition of CPs as an additive for Hu sheep is 800 g/t.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual cognitive decline. Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) is defined as AD occurring before age 65. The main pathogenic gene variants associated with EOAD include PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP. IDE gene has been identified as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of AD. In this study, we report a 33-year-old male with mutations in the PSEN2 gene (c.640G > T, p.V214L) and IDE gene (c.782G > A, p.R261Q). PSEN2 V214L has been reported in five previous cases, and no reported cases have carried IDE R261Q. He had progressive memory decline, his sister carried the same gene mutations but had no clinical manifestations. Neuroimaging revealed mild cortical atrophy. The concentration of Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obviously decreased. In silico predictive models suggested that these mutations are damaging. Our findings indicate that mutations in the PSEN2 and IDE genes may disrupt the normal functioning of their respective proteins, contributing to the pathogenesis of AD.

Light is essential for phytoplankton photosynthesis and many other biogeochemical processes in the aquatic system. However, light regimes vary greatly in the estuaries and coasts due to the optical complexity of the Case-2 waters. In this study, observed vertical profiles of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400-700 nm) in a highly turbid mega estuary, the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary, are used to quantify the effects of sedimentary and biogeochemical components on PAR attenuation in the water column and associated ecological impacts. The in-situ data suggest suspended sediment plays the most crucial role in light diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kd) distribution, followed by salinity (i.e., an index for colored dissolved organic matter) and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a. A new parameterization of Kd, based on suspended sediment, chlorophyll-a concentration, and salinity, is fitted using multiple linear regression. The previous and new Kd parameterizations are further applied to a coupled hydrodynamics-sediment-ecosystem model to simulate spring phytoplankton blooms. Comparative model runs reveal that the new Kd parameterization resulted in a better representation of the spring bloom patterns in magnitude, horizontal distribution, and vertical thickness of the high chlorophyll-a band offshore the turbidity maximum zone during the spring bloom. In summary, accurate representations of underwater light fields in the optically complex Case-2 water are critical in understanding biophysical processes that control planktonic ecosystem dynamics in the estuaries and coastal seas.

IntroductionWater and salt conditions are key factors influencing vegetation growth on shell island in the Yellow River Delta. However, the effects of the depth of underground brine on the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system of halophytes remain unclear.MethodsThe laboratory simulation experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of the changes of underground brine depth on Suaeda salsa using four levels of groundwater: 0 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm and 45 cm.ResultsThe results showed that different underground brine depths had significant impacts on the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant system of S. salsa, and 0-30 cm underground brine depth was suitable for S. salsa growth. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), light utilization efficiency (LUE) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) of S. salsa increased first and then decreased with increasing depth of underground brine. The stomatal limitation value (Ls) and WUE of S. salsa reached the peak value at the groundwater depth of 0 cm, and water use efficiency was reduced by 19.4%, 8.0% and 8.6% at 15 cm, 30 cm, and 45 cm, respectively, compared to the 0 cm treatment. With the deepening of underground brine depth, the value of LUE and CE firstly increased and then decreased, and reached the peak value when the depth was 30 cm. The antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD and CAT) activities of S. salsa decreased and then increased with the increase of underground brine depth. The enzyme activities were the lowest when the underground brine depth was 30 cm. As the groundwater depth increased, MDA content decreased and then increased. The highest degree of membrane peroxidation in S. salsa leaves was observed at the depth of 45 cm.DiscussionOur study reveals that the antioxidant capacity of S. salsa was weakened at the underground brine depth of 45 cm and the growth of S. salsa was inhibited.

BackgroundGravity-driven depositional processes play a pivotal role in shaping the geomorphology of subaqueous deltas worldwide, particularly by eroding the seafloor, leading to the formation of rugged submarine channels (SCs) and triggering various subaqueous geohazards. A comprehensive understanding of SCs is crucial for elucidating these depositional mechanisms and mitigating the risks associated with submarine geohazards. Although SCs in the Huanghe delta front have been previously identified, often described as seafloor gullies or subsurface “disturbed strata,” most studies have primarily concentrated on their engineering geological properties. However, there has been limited research on the scale, morphology, and development of these SCs, especially those that are buried within the stratigraphy.MethodsThis study integrates high-resolution sub-bottom data, sediment core analyses, and historical bathymetric data to investigate the morphology, distribution, and formation mechanisms of SCs in the Huanghe subaqueous delta.ResultsThe SCs, both buried and exposed, are widespread along the middle and upper delta front, predominantly located at or near the landward flank of sediment gravity flow (SGF) -related accumulations. The buried SCs are characterized by cut-and-fill structures with transparent to semi-transparent fills, indicating rapid infilling processes as SGF energy dissipates. These buried channels were preserved within different sets of delta front deposits formed during 1855–1964 CE, 1964–1976 CE, and 1976–2007 CE, with the latter two periods separated by a significant lobe-switching event in 1976 CE. This event, combined with prevailing southeastward sediment transport and erosional regimes, appears to have controlled the preservation of SCs along the delta front: SCs in the Diaokou Lobe's delta front (pre-1976) suffered significant erosion, leaving only one set of channel (erosional remnants) preserved, while the SCs in the Qingshuigou Lobe's delta front (post-1976) are characterized by well-preserved, multi-phase channels at different horizons. The cross-section morphology of the SCs reveal three primary types: symmetrical, asymmetrical, and composite, corresponding respectively to (1) idealized SGF incision, (2) uneven incision intensity on either side of the SCs, and (3) the merging of two or more symmetrical/asymmetrical SCs.ConclusionsWe describe in detail the morphology, distribution and development of SCs in the modern Huanghe subaqueous delta. These findings provide insights into the formation and distribution of SCs in other shallow marine settings, particularly in delta front areas, and potentially offer information for disaster prevention and engineering development in such regions.

BackgroundA substantial amount of research has explored the intricate relationship between exercise and sleep quality, consistently confirming that exercise can effectively enhance sleep quality. Nevertheless, previous studies have yet to conclusively determine which specific exercise program is most efficacious in improving sleep quality. To address this gap, the present study systematically evaluated the differential effects of various types of exercise, as well as exercise dosages (including duration, intervention period, frequency, and intensity), on sleep outcomes using a network meta-analysis approach. This endeavor aims to provide evidence-based support for the development of scientifically effective exercise programs tailored to improve sleep quality.MethodsThrough the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases, we conducted a search for randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise interventions on sleep, with a search cutoff date of April 30, 2024. We rigorously selected the literature according to the PICOS principle, and two independent researchers extracted the data. We would like to change this passage to: Bias risk assessment was conducted using the RevMan 5.4 software, and traditional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed using Stata 17.0 software to generate forest plots, network evidence plots, and funnel plots. Furthermore, we adopted the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) to evaluate and rank the intervention effects of different exercise types and dosages on sleep quality. To verify the robustness of our study results, we performed a sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method.ResultsThe study strictly adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and included 58 RCT papers with a total of 5,008 participants. The network meta-analysis revealed significant variations in the impact of exercise frequency on sleep outcomes when compared to the control group. Interventions of 1–2 times per week [SMD = −0.85, 95% CI (−1.43, −0.26)], 3 times per week [SMD = −0.45, 95% CI (−0.80, −0.11)], and 4 times per week [SMD = −1.09, 95% CI (−1.92, −0.26)] demonstrated the most notable effects. Interventions lasting ≤30 min and 60–65 min were significantly more effective than the control group, with ≤30 min proving significantly more effective than 40–55 min [SMD = 0.75, 95% CI (0.01, 1.49)]. Interventions lasting 9–10 weeks [SMD = −1.40, 95% CI (−2.37, −0.44)], 12–16 weeks [SMD = −0.55, 95% CI (−0.90, −0.20)], and ≥ 24 weeks [SMD = −0.71, 95% CI (−1.31, −0.10)] were all significantly more effective than the control group. Additionally, the 9–10 weeks intervention period was found to be significantly more effective than the 6–8 weeks period [SMD = −1.21, 95% CI (−2.37, −0.04)]. Furthermore, interventions of moderate intensity [SMD = −1.06, 95% CI (−1.52, −0.61)] and high intensity [SMD = −1.48, 95% CI (−2.55, −0.40)] exercise interventions yielded significantly greater benefits compared to the control group. Specifically, high intensity interventions [SMD = −1.97, 95% CI (−3.37, −0.56)] and moderate intensity [SMD = −1.55, 95% CI (−2.57, −0.54)] exercise interventions were found to be significantly more effective than moderate-high intensity interventions. In terms of exercise types, aerobic exercise [SMD = −0.56, 95% CI (−0.86, −0.27)], traditional Chinese exercises [SMD = −0.57, 95% CI (−0.97, −0.18)], and combined exercise [SMD = −0.99, 95% CI (−1.66, −0.32)] interventions all produced significant improvements compared to the control group. The study determined that the most effective combination of exercise prescription elements for enhancing sleep quality includes a frequency of 4 times per week (SUCRA = 84.7), a duration of ≤30 min (SUCRA = 92.2), a period of 9–10 weeks (SUCRA = 89.9), and high-intensity (SUCRA = 92.9) combined exercise (SUCRA = 82.7).ConclusionThe current evidence indicates that combined exercise with a frequency of 4 times per week, a duration of ≤30 min, a period of 9–10 weeks, and high intensity is most effective for improving sleep quality. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of studies included, further research is needed to enhance the reliability of the findings.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42024555428.

BackgroundThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate the short-term recovery and cost-effectiveness of bilateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) compared to staged unilateral UKA. The study analyzed postoperative pain scores, medical costs, and complications in patients with knee osteoarthritis who underwent these procedures.MethodsA total of 226 patients who received either unilateral UKA (Group A, n = 170) or bilateral UKA (Group B, n = 56) using the mobile-bearing UKA were included in the study. Patient demographics, surgical details, postoperative pain scores, knee range of motion, length of hospital stay, self-controlled analgesic use, total medical costs, and complications were retrospectively collected from medical records.ResultsThe demographic characteristics were comparable between the groups. Group B had a longer surgical time and higher medical costs than Group A. However, there were no significant differences in hospital stay, pain scores, or knee range of motion between the two groups. Complications were infrequent and not significantly different. Insert dislocation and loosening were the most common complications. Patient-controlled analgesia effectively reduced pain scores in Group A but not in Group B.ConclusionBilateral UKA does not significantly affect hospital stay, postoperative pain, or complications compared to unilateral UKA. Although bilateral UKA requires longer surgical time and incurs higher costs, it offers the potential benefit of reducing anesthesia-related complications and overall health insurance expenditures. This study recommends bilateral UKA as a suitable option for patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis, given its comparable short-term outcomes and potential cost-saving advantages.Level of EvidenceIII

The Nanhua Basin of South China recorded complete Cryogenian stratigraphic sequence from the Sturtian Glaciation (~717–660 Ma) to the Marinoan Glaciation (~654–635 Ma). The interglacial Datangpo Fm in the Nanhua Basin is divided into two members, and the first member consists of the Mn-carbonate unit and the overlying black shale unit, containing a series of large and superlarge manganese deposits. The metallogenic process of manganese deposits is not clear, and the Mn-carbonates formed through the precursor of Mn-oxide/oxyhydroxide reduction or directly precipitated from an anoxic water column. Moreover, the redox conditions in the deep Nanhua Basin during the precipitation of manganese deposits are also controversial. In this study, the high-resolution nitrogen contents (TN), isotope compositions, carbon isotope compositions of organic and inorganic matter from the first member of the Datangpo Fm are analyzed. The δ15N values of the Mn-carbonate unit (+1.53‰ to +5.26‰, mean +3.36‰) are higher than those of the overlying black shale unit (−3.74‰ to +3.54‰, mean +0.89‰). The Mn contents show a negative relationship with TN but a positive relationship with δ15N in the Mn-carbonate unit, implying that the formation of Mn-carbonates is related to redox variations. The relatively higher δ15N values in the Mn-carbonate unit indicated oxic conditions, and NH4+can be released and partially oxidized during the mineralization of organic matter, resulting in the residual 15N-enriched NH4+ being transferred into clay minerals. Meanwhile, the lower δ15N values in the black shale unit indicated anoxic conditions, which recorded primary N isotope signals. The Mn-carbonate unit is characterized by negative δ13Ccarb values (−11.17‰ to −5.22‰, mean −8.30‰), which show a positive relationship with δ13Corg, but a negative relationship with Mn contents, implying that the negative δ13Ccarb excursions were related to the organic matter degradation during Mn-carbonate formation. The findings of this study indicated that the metallogenesis of manganese deposits in the Cryogenian Nanhua Basin was constrained mainly by the oxic interval in the deep basin. The nitrogen and carbon cycling process can provide new insights into geochemical cycling after the Sturtian Glaciation.

BackgroundUrachal carcinoma (UrC) is a rare malignancy with no known specific early symptoms. It is often diagnosed at advanced stages and is associated with poor prognosis.Case presentationThis study presents a rare case of urachal adenocarcinoma (UrAC) invading the bladder and vagina in a female patient. Initially, the patient was misdiagnosed as having a primary cervical adenocarcinoma 2.5 years prior. Subsequently, anterior pelvic exenteration and bilateral ureterocutaneostomies were performed. Twenty months after the first surgery, the patient was diagnosed with rectal metastasis and received gemcitabine chemotherapy. After achieving a stable disease state, the patient underwent laparoscopic ultralow rectal anterior resection, ultralow anastomosis of the sigmoid colon and rectum, prophylactic transverse colostomy, and right common iliac and external iliac lymph node dissection. The patient then received a cycle of postoperative chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and capecitabine; however, treatment was stopped due to adverse reactions. The patient continues to receive regular follow-ups, and her general condition is good.ConclusionsUrC is rare, and preoperative differential diagnosis is difficult. This is the first report of UrC being misdiagnosed as cervical cancer. The presented case highlights the importance of accurate histopathological examination and comprehensive analysis. Anterior pelvic exenteration was also identified as a potentially effective treatment strategy for patients with local pelvic recurrence of UrC, although further investigation is required.

The rapid development of maritime transport and the gradual increase in the number of ports, ships and shipping routes can produce direct economic benefits for regional development, and a profound grasp of the actual situation of maritime transport makes it possible to make practical plans for economic development and thus rationally develop and use marine resources. However, there is a lack of research on maritime transport, so this study is based on the AIS, waterways, routes and ports data in the near-shore sea area of Guangdong Province. Using GIS spatial analysis technology and various mathematical models, we refer to the evaluation method of road traffic dominance. It analyses and proposes the evaluation indexes of maritime traffic advantages, such as the density of maritime traffic network and the proximity of ports. Based on the actual situation of the study regions, the indicators were quantitatively evaluated and analyzed. The economic development level of each region was also quantitatively evaluated using principal component analysis, and the study regions were classified based on the coupling-coordination model. The results show that the coastal area of Guangdong Province is divided into four types of zones according to the coupling-coordination type of zoning criteria. Corresponding development suggestions are put forward for different zones, and the research results provide certain practical guidelines for promoting the benign cycle development of maritime traffic and economy, and have important guiding significance and application value for the organization and safety of maritime traffic.

The regenerated rock mass is a bearing structure formed by natural compaction in a hollow area, and the investigation of its optimal consolidation material and consolidation parameters is the key to improving the supporting effect and bearing stability of roadways. The effects of consolidation materials and parameters on the stability of the regenerative rock mass were studied using laboratory tests, numerical simulations, and theoretical analyses. Acoustic emission was used to monitor the variation characteristics of energy and ringing count during the process of rock mass failure, and the bonding interface area of the extremely weak cementation regeneration structure was tested by electron microscope scanning. The results show that there is a quadratic function relationship between the water–cement ratio of different cementing materials and the bond strength of the recycled rock mass; the regenerative rock mass with superfine cement exhibited the highest compressive strength and the largest cumulative energy of acoustic emission. This shows that it has the strongest bearing capacity, the highest elastic performance, the most stable micro-fracture development, and the best cementation effect, followed by ordinary cement, gypsum, and laterite. The scanning test showed that the regenerated structure had more internal pores, a loose structure, and poor cementation. Three-dimensional scanning modeling of four representative broken rock blocks was carried out, and the simulation verified that the regenerated structure had macroscopic “X”-shaped shear failure characteristics. The numerical simulation also verified three forms of rupture in the regenerative structure detected by electron microscopy scanning. Exploring the mechanism of action of the regenerative rock mass in the goaf provides a certain reference value for the stability control of the regenerated rock mass roadway.

BackgroundAsthma is a chronic respiratory condition affecting populations worldwide, with prevalence ranging from 1–18% across different nations. Gender differences in asthma prevalence have attracted much attention.PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate biomarkers of gender differences in asthma prevalence based on machine learning.MethodThe data came from the gene expression omnibus database (GSE69683, GSE76262, and GSE41863), which involved in a number of 575 individuals, including 240 males and 335 females. Theses samples were divided into male group and female group, respectively. Grid search and cross-validation were employed to adjust model parameters for support vector machine, random forest, decision tree and logistic regression model. Accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score were used to evaluate the performance of the models during the training process. After model optimization, four machine learning models were utilized to predict biomarkers of sex differences in asthma. In order to validate the accuracy of our results, we performed Wilcoxon tests on the genes expression.ResultIn datasets GSE76262 and GSE69683, support vector machine, random forest, logistic regression, and decision tree all achieve 100% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Our findings reveal that XIST serves as a common biomarker among the three samples, comprising a total of 575 individuals, with higher expression levels in females compared to males (p

BackgroundTacrolimus is widely used to treat pediatric nephrotic range proteinuria (NRP). Diltiazem, a CYP3A4/5 inhibitor, is often administered with tacrolimus, affecting its pharmacokinetic profile. The impact of this combination on tacrolimus exposure, particularly in CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism, remains unclear in pediatric NRP patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diltiazem on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics, focusing on the CYP3A5*3 polymorphism.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective clinical study involving pediatric NRP patients, divided into two groups: those receiving tacrolimus with diltiazem and those receiving tacrolimus alone. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline characteristics between the groups. We compared daily dose-adjusted trough concentrations (C0/D) of tacrolimus in both the original and PSM cohorts. The influence of diltiazem on tacrolimus C0/D, stratified by CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism, was assessed in a self-controlled case series study.ResultsBefore PSM, the tacrolimus C0/D in patients taking diltiazem was significantly higher compared to those with tacrolimus alone (75.84 vs. 56.86 ng/mL per mg/kg, P = 0.034). This finding persisted after PSM (75.84 vs. 46.93 ng/mL per mg/kg, P= 0.028). In the self-controlled case study, tacrolimus C0/D elevated about twofold (75.84 vs. 34.76 ng/mL per mg/kg, P < 0.001) after diltiazem administration. CYP3A5 expressers (CYP3A5*1/*1 and *1/*3) and CYP3A5 non-expressers (CYP3A5*3/*3) experienced a 1.8-fold and 1.3-fold increase in tacrolimus C0/D when combined with diltiazem, respectively.ConclusionDiltiazem significantly increased tacrolimus C0/D, with CYP3A5*3 expressers showing higher elevations than non-expressers among pediatric NRP patients. These findings highlight the importance of personalized tacrolimus therapy based on CYP3A5*3 genotypes in pediatric patients taking diltiazem.

Mitochondria and lysosomes play a very important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and the dysfunction of these organelles is closely related to many diseases. Recent studies have revealed direct interactions between mitochondria and lysosomes, forming mitochondria-lysosome contact sites that regulate organelle network dynamics and mediate the transport of metabolites between them. Impaired function of these contact sites is not only linked to physiological processes such as glucose and cholesterol transport but also closely related to the pathological processes of metabolic diseases. Here, we highlight the recent progress in understanding the mitochondria-lysosome contact sites, elucidate their role in regulating metabolic homeostasis, and explore the potential implications of this pathway in metabolic disorders.

IntroductionNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a rare genetic disorder, with lack of evidence of disease burden in China. We aimed to describe the economic burden, health-related quality of life (HRQL), and caregiver burden of NF1 patients in China.MethodsWe conducted an online cross-sectional survey employing the China Cloud Platform for Rare Diseases, with 223 caregivers of NF1 pediatric patients (patients under 18), and 226 adult patients. Economic burden was estimated using direct and indirect costs related to NF1 in 2021, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health V2.0 (WPAI-GH). HRQL measures included EQ-5D-Y proxy version and PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL GCS) proxy version for pediatric patients, and EQ-5D-5L and PedsQL™ 3.0 Neurofibromatosis Module (PedsQL NFM) for adult patients. Caregiver burden was estimated by Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI).ResultsFor pediatric patients, the average direct cost in 2021 was CNY 33,614 (USD 4,879), and employed caregivers’ annual productivity loss was 81 days. EQ-5D-Y utility was 0.880 ± 0.13 and VAS score was 75.38 ± 20.67, with 52.6% patients reporting having problems in “pain/discomfort” and 42.9% in “anxiety/depression.” PedsQL GCS total score was 68.47 ± 19.42. ZBI score demonstrated that 39.5% of caregivers had moderate-to-severe or severe burden. For adult patients, average direct cost in 2021 was CNY 24,531 (USD 3,560). Patients in employment reported an absenteeism of 8.5% and presenteeism of 21.6% according to the results of WPAI-GH. EQ-5D-5L utility was 0.843 ± 0.17 and VAS score was 72.32 ± 23.49, with more than half of patients reporting having problems in “pain/discomfort” and “anxiety/depression” dimensions. PedsQL NFM total score was 68.40 ± 15.57.ConclusionBoth pediatric and adult NF1 patients in China had a wide-ranging economic burden and low HRQL, especially in the psychological dimension. Caregivers for NF1 pediatric patients experienced considerable caregiver burden. More attention and support from policymakers and stakeholders are required to relieve NF1 patients’ and caregivers’ distress.

Prior research has shown that physical activity (PA) is a crucial element for preserving and enhancing health, particularly among children and adolescents, and consistent engagement in PA offers numerous advantages for sustaining typical physical and mental well-being.PurposeHence, the primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between sport participation, muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE), and active commuting (AC) in the co-occurrence of depression and anxiety in Chinese children and adolescents.MethodThis cross-sectional investigation occurred in various cities across the southeastern region of China between March 2021 and October 2021. A convenient sampling method was utilized. We invited children and adolescents to participate in the questionnaire survey. A total of 1,996 participants completed the questionnaires with the endorsement of their parents or guardians under the supervision of schoolteachers and headmasters. Girls comprised 47.5% of the participants, and the average age of participants was 14.8 ± 2.0 years. We conducted a logistic regression analysis, including 95% confidence intervals, to explore the association between sports participation, MSE, AC, and the co-occurrence of depression and anxiety.ResultsNo significant association was observed between weekday active commuting for travelling to and from school and MSE and the comorbidity of depression and anxiety in children and adolescents. A negative association was only detected for those who engaged in muscle-strengthening exercises 4 days a week (OR = 0.540, 95% CI = 0.345–0.845) compared to those who did not partake in such exercises.ConclusionThe present study has provided evidence of the connection between sports participation and the co-occurrence of depression and anxiety among Chinese children and adolescents. Sports participation is more likely to help adolescents relieve anxiety and depression than AC, MSE. In forthcoming research, it is imperative to delve deeper into strategies that enhance the impact of sports on the mental well-being of children and young individuals. Furthermore, optimizing the magnitude of this effect may be achievable by focusing on neurobiological, behavioral, and psychosocial mechanisms.

Ghrelin, a peptide primarily secreted in the stomach, acts via the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). It regulates several physiological processes, such as feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiovascular function, bone formation, stress response, and learning. GHSR exhibits significant expression within the central nervous system. However, numerous murine studies indicate that ghrelin is limited in its ability to enter the brain from the bloodstream and is primarily confined to specific regions, such as arcuate nucleus (ARC) and median eminence (ME). Nevertheless, the central ghrelin system plays an essential role in regulating feeding behavior. Furthermore, the role of vagal afferent fibers in regulating the functions of ghrelin remains a major topic of discussion among researchers. In recent times, numerous studies have elucidated the substantial therapeutic potential of ghrelin in most gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. This has led to the development of numerous pharmaceutical agents that target the ghrelin system, some of which are currently under examination in clinical trials. Furthermore, ghrelin is speculated to serve as a promising biomarker for GI tumors, which indicates its potential use in tumor grade and stage evaluation. This review presents a summary of recent findings in research conducted on both animals and humans, highlighting the therapeutic properties of ghrelin system in GI disorders.

Wave- and current-supported fluid mud on gently sloped continental shelves represents a type of sediment gravity flow capable of rapidly transporting substantial sediment over short periods, significantly contributing to coastal geomorphic evolution. To investigate the dynamics of intertidal fluid mud events, in-situ observations were conducted from May 9 to May 18, 2017, using a seabed tripod system at the lower intertidal flat of the central Jiangsu coast, China. Fluid mud was observed following a medium wind-wave event, with a maximum significant wave height of 0.42 m. The liquefied seabed, loosened by liquefaction, facilitated bed erosion and sediment resuspension. Fluid mud layers, with mean suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) exceeding 10 g/L, periodically formed during high slack tide, early flood, and late ebb phases. These layers varied in thickness from 4 cm to 20 cm and exhibited strong stratification caused by suspended sediment. Fluid mud disappeared when the bottom turbulence kinetic energy exceeded a threshold of 0.00045 m²/s² due to an increase in current velocity. The downslope movement of intertidal fluid mud was estimated using a theoretical buoyancy-friction model and validated by observed offshore-directed velocity jets at 0.1 m above the seabed during high slack tide phases. Additionally, onshore winds favored fluid mud formation during early flood phases, while offshore winds favored it during late ebb phases. These observations suggest that fluid mud can form on intertidal flats under conditions where tidal flows and winds align, contributing to a deeper understanding of the formation mechanisms of shallow gravity flows and the improvement of sediment transport models.

Fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) is an effective method of preserving high-moisture byproducts with higher aerobic stability after fermentation. FTMR has the potential to fulfill the daily nutritional requirements of cattle and enhance their production performance. The objective of this research was to examine the influence of FTMR on lactation performance, total tract apparent digestibility, fecal microbiota communities, and fermentation profiles in lactating dairy cows. A total of 12 cows were randomly assigned into two groups: the TMR group and the FTMR group. The TMR group was fed a total mixed ration (TMR) diet, and the FTMR group was fed an FTMR diet. The FTMR did not impact milk yield in dairy cows despite a decrease in dry matter intake, which increased the efficiency of the feed. In contrast to that in the TMR group, the milk fat content in the FTMR group was greater. The FTMR group showed greater digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), organic matter (OM), dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in the total digestive tract than did the TMR group. The FTMR increased the concentration of butyrate in the fecal matter and reduced the pH of the feces. The Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indices of the archaeal community in dairy cow feces were significantly higher in cow fed the FTMR compared to those fed the TMR. LefSe analysis revealed higher levels of Oscillospira, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, and Dehalobacterium in the feces of dairy cows fed the FTMR than in those fed the TMR. However, the abundances of Roseburia, rc4-4, Bulleidia and Sharpea exhibited the opposite trend. The abundances of Halobacteria, Halobacteriales, and Halobacteriaceae, which are biomarkers for distinguishing fecal archaea in the TMR from the FTMR, were substantially greater in the feces of dairy cows that consumed the TMR than in those that consumed the FTMR. Therefore, FTMR can improve the milk fat content, total tract apparent feed digestibility efficiency, and diversity of archaea in the feces. Additionally, this work provides a theoretical basis for the feasibility of FTMR feeding for dairy cows.

ObjectiveTo explore the activation patterns in the frontal cortex of patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment during the execution of working memory tasks.Methods15 patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment, 17 patients without cognitive impairment, and 15 healthy controls of similar age and sex were included. All participants under-went immediate recall task testing and near-infrared spectroscopy imaging to measure frontal cortex activation during the task.ResultsThe healthy control group performed the best in the immediate recall task, followed by the post-stroke non-cognitive impairment group. The post-stroke cognitive impairment group had the poorest performance. The near-infrared spectroscopy results revealed that during the immediate recall task, the healthy control group primarily activated the left frontal lobe region. In contrast, post-stroke patients exhibited reduced activation in the left frontal lobe and increased activation in the right frontal cortex, particularly in the right frontopolar and orbitofrontal regions, with the post-stroke cognitive impairment group displaying the most pronounced changes.ConclusionPatients with post-stroke cognitive impairment exhibit reduced activation in the left prefrontal cortex during the working memory tasks. They rely on compensatory activation in the right prefrontal cortex, particularly in the frontopolar and orbitofrontal cortex, to successfully complete the task.

Due to the pathological production of liver disease in utility particularly complexity, the morbidity and mortality of liver disease including viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rapidly increasing worldwide. Considering its insidious onset, rapid progression and drug resistance, finding an effective therapy is particularly worthwhile. Phyllanthus urinaria L. (P. urinaria), an ethnic medicine, can be applied at the stages of viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and HCC, which demonstrates great potential in the treatment of liver disease. Currently, there are numerous reports on the application of P. urinaria in treating liver diseases, but a detailed analysis of its metabolites and a complete summary of its pharmacological mechanism are still scarce. In this review, the phytochemical metabolites and ethnopharmacological applications of P. urinaria are summarized. Briefly, P. urinaria mainly contains flavonoids, lignans, tannins, phenolic acids, terpenoids and other metabolites. The mechanisms of P. urinaria are mainly reflected in reducing surface antigen secretion and interfering with DNA polymerase synthesis for anti-viral hepatitis activity, reducing hepatic stellate cells activity, inflammation and oxidative stress for anti-liver fibrosis/cirrhosis activity, as well as preventing tumor proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis for anti-HCC activity via relevant signaling pathways. Accordingly, this review provides insights into the future application of natural products in the trilogy of liver diseases and will provide a scientific basis for further research and rational utilization of P. urinaria.

ObjectiveExamine the effect of childhood adversity on depression in older adults and the regulatory impact that social participation has on depression.MethodsBased on 6,704 standard-compliant research subjects, single factor analysis, multiple linear regression model, and tendency score matching were used to analyze the impact of childhood adversity on depression in older adults and the regulatory effect of social participation.ResultsThe depression rate is higher among women, young age, low education, unmarried, in agricultural households, older adults with low annual income, pre-retirement work type in agriculture, non-drinking, and those with two or more chronic diseases (p

Panax japonicus is an important medicinal plant, and flavonoids are one of its main secondary metabolites. In this study, the main roots, fibrous roots, stems, leaves and flowers of P. japonicus were analyzed using transcriptomics and widely targeted metabolomics. Through correlation analysis of transcription and metabolism, the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in P. japonicus was analyzed, and the accumulation of flavonoid metabolites and the expression of related genes were investigated. Metabolomics revealed a total of 209 flavonoid metabolites in P. japonicus, among which flavonoids, flavonols, flavanones and flavanonols significantly accumulated in the flowers and leaves. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that key genes in the flavonoid pathway exhibited increased expression in the flowers and leaves. The expression patterns of key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, including PjC4H, Pj4CL, PjCHS, PjCHI, PjF3H, PjF3’H, PjCYP, and PjPAL, are consistent with their upstream and downstream metabolites, demonstrating a significant positive correlation among them. In addition, the PjUGT gene is highly expressed in five tissues of P. japonicus, indicating that PjUGT is one of the key factors for the diversity of flavonoid glycosides. The WGCNA results showed that WRKY transcription factors exist widely in the candidate modules, and it was possible that PjWRKY transcription factors are involved in regulating the expression of key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and the biosynthesis of flavonoid metabolites. This study reveals spatial differences in the accumulation patterns of flavonoid metabolites in different tissues and provides important clues for further understanding the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid metabolism in P. japonicus, thus contributing to the optimization of germplasm resources of P. japonicus and the promotion of genetic diversity analysis.

Sleep deprivation (SD) is commonplace in today’s fast-paced society. SD is a severe public health problem globally since it may cause cognitive decline and even neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. Melatonin (MT) is a natural chemical secreted by the pineal gland with neuroprotective effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of MT on chronic sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment. A 3-week modified multi-platform method was used to create the SD rat model. The Morris water maze test (MWM), Tissue staining (including Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) staining, Nissl staining, and immunofluorescence), Western blot, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of MT in ameliorating cognitive impairment in SD rats. The results showed that MT (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly improved cognitive function in rats, as evidenced by a shortening of escape latency and increased time of crossing the platform and time spent in the quadrant. Additionally, MT therapy alleviated hippocampus neurodegeneration and neuronal loss while lowering levels of pathogenic factors (LPS) and inflammatory indicators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX2). Furthermore, MT treatment reversed the high expression of Aβ42 and Iba1 as well as the low expression of ZO-1 and occludin, and inhibited the SD-induced TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. In summary, MT ameliorated spatial recognition and learning memory dysfunction in SD rats by reducing neuroinflammation and increasing neuroprotection while inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study supports the use of MT as an alternate treatment for SD with cognitive impairment.

E11 causes acute fulminant hepatitis in newborns. We investigated the pathological changes of different tissues from premature male twins who died due to E11 infection. The E11 expression level was higher in the liver than in other tissues. IP10 was upregulated in liver tissue in the patient group, and might be regulated by IFNAR and IRF7, whereas IFNα was regulated by IFNAR or IRF5.

This study examines research perspective in the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular complications in Kawasaki Disease (KD). Starting with an overview of the disease, it introduces KD's clinical manifestations, etiology, epidemiological features, and its impact on the cardiovascular system. Subsequently, the study discusses in detail the diagnostic methods, pathological mechanisms, and treatment strategies for KD, including foundational and emerging approaches such as high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin therapy, biologic therapy, and corticosteroid pulse therapy. Additionally, it outlines strategies for preventing cardiovascular complications, including early risk assessment and long-term management. The study also explores the intersection of the COVID-19 pandemic with an increase in KD-like symptoms, emphasizing the need for further studies on the association between SARS-CoV-2 and KD. Lastly, it explores future research directions to enhance understanding of KD and improve patient outcomes and quality of life. This study provides valuable insights into the comprehensive treatment and management of KD and highlights avenues for future research.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the value of radiomics nomogram based on computed tomography (CT) on the diagnosis of benign and malignant solitary indeterminate smoothly marginated solid pulmonary nodules (SMSPNs).MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed 205 cases with solitary indeterminate SMSPNs on CT, including 112 cases of benign nodules and 93 cases of malignant nodules. They were divided into training (n=143) and validation (n=62) cohorts based on different CT scanners. Radiomics features of the nodules were extracted from the lung window CT images. The variance threshold method, SelectKBest, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to select the key radiomics features to construct the rad-score. Through multivariate logistic regression analysis, a nomogram was built by combining rad-score, clinical factors, and CT features. The nomogram performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsA total of 19 radiomics features were selected to construct the rad-score, and the nomogram was constructed by the rad-score, one clinical factor (history of malignant tumor), and three CT features (including calcification, pleural retraction, and lobulation). The nomogram performed better than the radiomics model, clinical model, and experienced radiologists who specialized in thoracic radiology for nodule diagnosis. The AUC values of the nomogram were 0.942 in the training cohort and 0.933 in the validation cohort. The calibration curve and decision curve showed that the nomogram demonstrated good consistency and clinical applicability.ConclusionThe CT-based radiomics nomogram achieved high efficiency in the preoperative diagnosis of solitary indeterminate SMSPNs, and it is of great significance in guiding clinical decision-making.

BackgroundThe disruption of the circadian clock is associated with inflammatory and immunological disorders. BMAL2, a critical circadian protein, forms a dimer with CLOCK, activating transcription. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), released during sepsis, can induce macrophage endotoxin tolerance. We hypothesized that eCIRP induces BMAL2 expression and promotes macrophage endotoxin tolerance through triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1).MethodsC57BL/6 wild-type (WT) male mice were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Serum levels of eCIRP 20 h post-CLP were assessed by ELISA. Peritoneal macrophages (PerM) were treated with recombinant mouse (rm) CIRP (eCIRP) at various doses for 24 h. The cells were then stimulated with LPS for 5 h. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the culture supernatants were assessed by ELISA. PerM were treated with eCIRP for 24 h, and the expression of PD-L1, IL-10, STAT3, TREM-1 and circadian genes such as BMAL2, CRY1, and PER2 was assessed by qPCR. Effect of TREM-1 on eCIRP-induced PerM endotoxin tolerance and PD-L1, IL-10, and STAT3 expression was determined by qPCR using PerM from TREM-1-/- mice. Circadian gene expression profiles in eCIRP-treated macrophages were determined by PCR array and confirmed by qPCR. Induction of BMAL2 activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages was performed by transfection of BMAL2 CRISPR activation plasmid. The interaction of BMAL2 in the PD-L1 promoter was determined by computational modeling and confirmed by the BIAcore assay.ResultsSerum levels of eCIRP were increased in septic mice compared to sham mice. Macrophages pre-treated with eCIRP exhibited reduced TNFα and IL-6 release upon LPS challenge, indicating macrophage endotoxin tolerance. Additionally, eCIRP increased the expression of PD-L1, IL-10, and STAT3, markers of immune tolerance. Interestingly, TREM-1 deficiency reversed eCIRP-induced macrophage endotoxin tolerance and significantly decreased PD-L1, IL-10, and STAT3 expression. PCR array screening of circadian clock genes in peritoneal macrophages treated with eCIRP revealed the elevated expression of BMAL2, CRY1, and PER2. In eCIRP-treated macrophages, TREM-1 deficiency prevented the upregulation of these circadian genes. In macrophages, inducible BMAL2 expression correlated with increased PD-L1 expression. In septic human patients, blood monocytes exhibited increased expression of BMAL2 and PD-L1 in comparison to healthy subjects. Computational modeling and BIAcore assay identified a putative binding region of BMAL2 in the PD-L1 promoter, suggesting BMAL2 positively regulates PD-L1 expression in macrophages.ConclusioneCIRP upregulates BMAL2 expression via TREM-1, leading to macrophage endotoxin tolerance in sepsis. Targeting eCIRP to maintain circadian rhythm may correct endotoxin tolerance and enhance host resistance to bacterial infection.

The Loess Plateau is marked by intense neotectonic activity and frequent earthquakes. Its unique physico-mechanical properties, combined with the granular overhead pore structure of loess, render it prone to seismic landslides triggered by strong earthquakes. Different types of loess seismic landslides have distinct formation mechanisms, disaster-causing characteristics, and risk assessment programs. In this study, the risk of seismic-collapsed loess landslides as one of the types of loess seismic landslides was evaluated on the Loess Plateau. A risk zoning map for seismic-collapsed loess landslides on the Loess Plateau, considering various exceedance probabilities, was compiled by assessing eight factors. These factors include peak ground acceleration, microstructure of loess, and were evaluated using both the minimum disaster-causing seismic peak ground acceleration zoning method and the analytic hierarchy process. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) Earthquakes are the primary inducing factor for seismic-collapsed loess landslides, with other factors serving as influencers, among which the microstructure of loess carries the highest weight; (2) Across various exceedance probabilities, the likelihood of seismic-collapsed loess landslides occurring at 63% of the 50-year exceedance probability is low. Moreover, as the minimum hazard-causing seismic peak ground acceleration increases, the risk of occurrence of seismic-collapsed loess landslides rises, leading to a gradual expansion of the area share in moderate and high-risk zones; (3) Hazard evaluation results align well with existing data on seismic-collapsed loess landslides and findings from field investigations. The case of seismic-collapsed loess landslides induced by the M6.2 magnitude earthquake in Jishishan County, China, is presented as an illustration. The combined use of the minimum hazard-causing seismic peak ground acceleration zoning method and the analytic hierarchy process method offers a reference for geohazard hazard assessment, with earthquakes as the primary inducing factor and other factors as influencers.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the association between different dimensions of bi-directional intergenerational support and the social participation patterns of rural older adults, while also exploring the heterogeneity of these older adults by gender and age.MethodsBased on longitudinal survey data from the ‘Well-Being of Older People in Anhui Province (WESAP)’ in 2018 and 2021, this study used latent class analysis to identify social participation patterns and used multinomial logistic regressions to explore the relationship between intergenerational support and social participation patterns among rural older adults.ResultsFirst, the social participation patterns of rural older persons can be divided into four categories: leisure type (9%), work type (11%), housekeeping type (57.9%) and family labor type (22.1%). Second, there is heterogeneity in the relationship between intergenerational support and social participation patterns in older people, among them, receiving financial support decreased the likelihood of older adults being categorized as work type and family labor type by 14 and 7.7%, respectively, while providing financial support increased the likelihood of older adults belonging to the family labor type by 7.5%; receiving caring support increased the likelihood of older parents being categorized as leisure type by 6%, while providing caring support decreased the likelihood of older parents being categorized as leisure type by 10%; emotional support is related to all patterns of social participation among older adults. Third, the effects of intergenerational support vary across subgroups based on gender and age.ConclusionTwo-way intergenerational support was significantly associated with social participation among rural older adults, and there was significant heterogeneity in this association. Children and older persons should be encouraged to strengthen two-way intergenerational mobility to give full play to the positive impact of different dimensions of intergenerational support on the social participation of older persons in rural areas, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for rural older adults.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease primarily affecting premature neonates, marked by poorly understood pro-inflammatory signaling cascades. Recent advancements have shed light on a subset of endogenous molecular patterns, termed chromatin-associated molecular patterns (CAMPs), which belong to the broader category of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). CAMPs play a crucial role in recognizing pattern recognition receptors and orchestrating inflammatory responses. This review focuses into the realm of CAMPs, highlighting key players such as extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), cell-free DNA, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), histones, and extracellular RNA. These intrinsic molecules, often perceived as foreign, have the potential to trigger immune signaling pathways, thus contributing to NEC pathogenesis. In this review, we unravel the current understanding of the involvement of CAMPs in both preclinical and clinical NEC scenarios. We also focus on elucidating the downstream signaling pathways activated by these molecular patterns, providing insights into the mechanisms that drive inflammation in NEC. Moreover, we scrutinize the landscape of targeted therapeutic approaches, aiming to mitigate the impact of tissue damage in NEC. This in-depth exploration offers a comprehensive overview of the role of CAMPs in NEC, bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical insights.

IntroductionSepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory condition caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) is a recently discovered damage-associated molecular pattern that causes inflammation and organ injury in sepsis. Kupffer cells can be activated and polarized to the inflammatory M1 phenotype, contributing to tissue damage by producing proinflammatory mediators. We hypothesized that eCIRP promotes Kupffer cell M1 polarization in sepsis.MethodsWe stimulated Kupffer cells isolated from wild-type (WT) and TLR4-/- mice with recombinant mouse (rm) CIRP (i.e., eCIRP) and assessed supernatant IL-6 and TNFα levels by ELISA. The mRNA expression of iNOS and CD206 for M1 and M2 markers, respectively, was assessed by qPCR. We induced sepsis in WT and CIRP-/- mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and assessed iNOS and CD206 expression in Kupffer cells by flow cytometry.ResultseCIRP dose- and time-dependently increased IL-6 and TNFα release from WT Kupffer cells. In TLR4-/- Kupffer cells, their increase after eCIRP stimulation was prevented. eCIRP significantly increased iNOS gene expression, while it did not alter CD206 expression in WT Kupffer cells. In TLR4-/- Kupffer cells, however, iNOS expression was significantly decreased compared with WT Kupffer cells after eCIRP stimulation. iNOS expression in Kupffer cells was significantly increased at 20 h after CLP in WT mice. In contrast, Kupffer cell iNOS expression in CIRP-/- mice was significantly decreased compared with WT mice after CLP. CD206 expression in Kupffer cells was not different across all groups. Kupffer cell M1/M2 ratio was significantly increased in WT septic mice, while it was significantly decreased in CIRP-/- mice compared to WT mice after CLP.ConclusionOur data have clearly shown that eCIRP induces Kupffer cell M1 polarization via TLR4 pathway in sepsis, resulting in overproduction of inflammatory cytokines. eCIRP could be a promising therapeutic target to attenuate inflammation by preventing Kupffer cell M1 polarization in sepsis.

The geochemical processes of groundwater in arid regions are generally influenced by both natural hydrological processes and human activities. However, impacts of water-rock interactions on groundwater recharge via hydrological processes, controlled by both intermittent river water flow and groundwater withdrawals, is still poorly understood. In this study, 327 groundwater chemistry datasets collected from the upper, middle (including Gobi and riparian zones), and lower regions of the Ejina Delta in Northwest China from 2001 to 2023 were analyzed. Our results revealed that the total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of groundwater in Ejina Delta ranged from approximately 881.5 ± 331.6 mg/L in the upper regions to 1,953.6 ± 1,208.5 mg/L in the lower regions, with an increasing trend observed. Ecological water conveyance (EWC), recharging aquifer through intermittent river water flow, resulted in a decrease in TDS concentrations from 2001 to 2023 mainly in the upper region. While irrigation notably affected groundwater chemistry in the lower region, resulting in a substantial increase in groundwater salinity. Groundwater chemistry in the Middle Gobi region remained relatively stable over the study period. Generally, the hydrochemical composition shifted from the Na-Mg-SO4-HCO3 and Na-Mg-Ca-SO4-HCO3 types in the upper region to Na-Mg-SO4-HCO3 and Na-Mg-SO4-Cl types in the lower region, with Na-SO4-Cl predominant in the Middle Gobi. These shifts were likely be attributed to the interplay of water-rock interactions, coupled with evaporation-crystallization processes. Inverse modeling using PHREEQC revealed that in the upper-middle region, primary water-rock interactions involved calcite dissolution and the precipitation of dolomite, gypsum, halite, and sylvite salts, as well as cation exchange reactions (2NaX+Ca2+→CaX2+2Na+). In contrast, the hydrogeological system in the middle-lower region exhibited an opposite pattern of water-rock interactions. Overall, ecological water conveyance partially facilitated water-rock interactions during lateral groundwater flow, while irrigation disrupted the natural hydrogeochemical equilibrium, involving halite dissolution and opposite cation exchange reactions compared to other regions.

IntroductionOf all psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia is associated with the highest risk of all-cause mortality. This study aimed to investigate independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in patients with chronic schizophrenia. In addition, the possible causal inter-relationships among these independent risk factors and all-cause mortality were also explored.MethodsWe conducted an analysis of 1,126 patients with chronic schizophrenia from our psychiatric department from April 2003 to August 2022, and retrospectively reviewed their medical records. The study endpoint was all-cause mortality. Baseline clinical characteristics including sociodemographic data, biochemical data, lifestyle factors, comorbidities and antipsychotic treatment were examined with Cox proportional hazards analysis.ResultsThe all-cause mortality rate was 3.9% (44 patients). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that several factors were independently associated with all-cause mortality, including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, heart failure, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, ileus, underweight, fasting glucose, triglycerides, albumin, and hemoglobin. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that several factors had statistically significant direct effects on all-cause mortality. Heart failure, hypertension, underweight, age at onset, and ileus showed positive direct effects, while albumin and hemoglobin demonstrated negative direct effects. In addition, several factors had indirect effects on all-cause mortality. GERD indirectly affected all-cause mortality through ileus, and peptic ulcer disease had indirect effects through albumin and ileus. Ileus, underweight, DM, and hypertension also exhibited indirect effects through various pathways involving albumin, hemoglobin, and heart failure. Overall, the final model, which included these factors, explained 13% of the variability in all-cause mortality.DiscussionThese results collectively suggest that the presence of DM, hypertension, heart failure, GERD, peptic ulcer disease, ileus, and underweight, along with lower levels of albumin or hemoglobin, were independently associated with all-cause mortality. The SEM analysis further revealed potential causal pathways and inter-relationships among these risk factors contributing to all-cause mortality in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

IntroductionChina has experienced unprecedented transformations unseen in a century and is gradually progressing toward an emerging superpower. The epidemiological trends of digestive diseases in the United States (the US) have significant prescient effects on China.MethodsWe extracted data on 18 digestive diseases from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019 Data Resource. Linear regression analysis conducted by the JoinPoint software assessed the average annual percentage change of the burden. We performed subgroup analyses based on sex and age group.ResultsIn 2019, there were 836.01 and 180.91 million new cases of digestive diseases in China and the US, causing 1558.01 and 339.54 thousand deaths. The age-standardized incidence rates of digestive diseases in China and the US were 58417.87/100,000 and 55018.65/100,000 respectively, resulting in age-standardized mortality rates of 81.52/100,000 and 60.88/100,000. The rates in China annually decreased by 2.149% for mortality and 2.611% for disability-adjusted life of year (DALY). The mortality and DALY rates of the US, respectively, had average annual percentage changes of −0.219 and −0.251. Enteric infections and cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases accounted for the highest incidence and prevalence in both counties, respectively. The burden of multiple digestive diseases exhibited notable sex disparities. The middle-old persons had higher age-standardized prevalence rates.ConclusionChina bore a greater burden of digestive diseases, and the evolving patterns were more noticeable. Targeted interventions and urgent measures should be taken in both countries to address the specific burden of digestive diseases based on their different epidemic degree.

AimsThe population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model-based machine learning (ML) approach offers a novel perspective on individual concentration prediction. This study aimed to establish a PPK-based ML model for predicting tacrolimus (TAC) concentrations in Chinese renal transplant recipients.MethodsConventional TAC monitoring data from 127 Chinese renal transplant patients were divided into training (80%) and testing (20%) datasets. A PPK model was developed using the training group data. ML models were then established based on individual pharmacokinetic data derived from the PPK basic model. The prediction performances of the PPK-based ML model and Bayesian forecasting approach were compared using data from the test group.ResultsThe final PPK model, incorporating hematocrit and CYP3A5 genotypes as covariates, was successfully established. Individual predictions of TAC using the PPK basic model, postoperative date, CYP3A5 genotype, and hematocrit showed improved rankings in ML model construction. XGBoost, based on the TAC PPK, exhibited the best prediction performance.ConclusionThe PPK-based machine learning approach emerges as a superior option for predicting TAC concentrations in Chinese renal transplant recipients.

IntroductionSepsis remains a major source of morbidity and mortality in neonates, and characterization of immune regulation in the neonatal septic response remains limited. HVEM is a checkpoint regulator which can both stimulate or inhibit immune responses and demonstrates altered expression after sepsis. We hypothesized that signaling via HVEM would be essential for the neonatal response to sepsis, and that therefore blockade of this pathway would improve survival to septic challenge.MethodsTo explore this, neonatal mice were treated with cecal slurry (CS), CS with Anti-HVEM antibody (CS-Ab) or CS with isotype (CS-IT) and followed for 7-day survival. Mice from all treatment groups had thymus, lung, kidney and peritoneal fluid harvested, weighed, and stained for histologic evaluation, and changes in cardiac function were assessed with echocardiography.ResultsMortality was significantly higher for CS-Ab mice (72.2%) than for CS-IT mice (22.2%). CS resulted in dysregulated alveolar remodeling, but CS-Ab lungs demonstrated significantly less dysfunctional alveolar remodeling than CS alone (MCL 121.0 CS vs. 87.6 CS-Ab), as well as increased renal tubular vacuolization. No morphologic differences in alveolar septation or thymic karyorrhexis were found between CS-Ab and CS-IT. CS-Ab pups exhibited a marked decrease in heart rate (390.3 Sh vs. 342.1 CS-Ab), stroke volume (13.08 CS-IT vs. 8.83 CS-Ab) and ultimately cardiac output (4.90 Sh vs. 3.02 CS-Ab) as well as a significant increase in ejection fraction (73.74 Sh vs. 83.75 CS-Ab) and cardiac strain (40.74 Sh vs. 51.16 CS-Ab) as compared to CS-IT or Sham animals.DiscussionWhile receptor ligation of aspects of HVEM signaling, via antibody blockade, appears to mitigate aspects of lung injury and thymic involution, stimulatory signaling via HVEM still seems to be necessary for vascular and hemodynamic resilience and overall neonatal mouse survival in response to this experimental polymicrobial septic insult. This dissonance in the activity of anti-HVEM neutralizing antibody in neonatal animals speaks to the differences in how septic cardiac dysfunction should be considered and approached in the neonatal population.

Introduction: Jones fractures frequently fail to unite, and adequate fixation stability is crucial. This study aimed to elucidate the biomechanical stability of various intramedullary screw fixation constructs.Methods: Jones fracture model over the proximal 5th metatarsal of artificial bone was created in all specimens. Six groups were divided based on varied screw constructs with different screw lengths, either 30 or 40 mm, including cannulated screws—C30 and C40 groups, one high-resistance suture combined with intramedullary cannulated screws (F.E.R.I. technique)—CF30 and CF40 groups, and second-generation headless compression screws (SG-HCS) —HL30 and HL40 groups. Mechanical testing was conducted sequentially, and the maximal force (N) and stiffness (N/mm) of all constructs were recorded.Results: The maximal force (N) at 1.0 mm downward displacement in C30, C40, CF30, CF40, HL30, and HL40 groups were 0.56 ± 0.02, 0.49 ± 0.02, 0.65 ± 0.02, 0.49 ± 0.01, 0.68 ± 0.02, and 0.73 ± 0.02, respectively, and the stiffness (N/mm) in subgroups were 0.49 ± 0.01, 0.43 ± 0.01, 0.67 ± 0.01, 0.42 ± 0.01, 0.61 ± 0.01, and 0.58 ± 0.02, respectively. SG-HCS subgroups exhibited greater maximal force and stiffness than conventional cannulated screws. Screws of 30 mm in length demonstrated better stability than all 40 mm-length screws in each subgroup. In C30 fixation, the stiffness and maximum force endured increased by 1.16 and 1.12 times, respectively, compared with the C40 fixation method. There were no significant differences between CF30 and SG-HCS groups. Only the F.E.R.I technique combined with the 4.5 mm cannulated screw of 30 mm in length increased the biomechanical stability for Jones fractures.Discussion: These biomechanical findings help clinicians decide on better screw fixation options for greater stability in Jones fractures, especially when large-diameter screws are limited in use. However, this biomechanical testing of intramedullary screw fixation on Jones fracture model lacks clinical validation and no comparisons to extramedullary plate fixations. Moving forward, additional clinical and biomechanical research is necessary to validate our findings.

To cope with the damage from oxidative stress caused by hypoxia, mammals have evolved a series of physiological and biochemical traits, including antioxidant ability. Although numerous research studies about the mechanisms of hypoxia evolution have been reported, the molecular mechanisms of antioxidase-related genes in mammals living in different environments are yet to be completely understood. In this study, we constructed a dataset comprising 7 antioxidase-related genes (CAT, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX1, GPX2, and GPX3) from 43 mammalian species to implement evolutionary analysis. The results showed that six genes (CAT, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX1, and GPX3) have undergone divergent evolution based on the free-ratio (M1) model. Furthermore, multi-ratio model analyses uncovered the divergent evolution between hypoxic and non-hypoxic lineages, as well as various hypoxic lineages. In addition, the branch-site model identified 9 positively selected branches in 6 genes (CAT, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPX2, and GPX3) that contained 35 positively selected sites, among which 31 positively selected sites were identified in hypoxia-tolerant branches, accounting for 89% of the total number of positively selected sites. Interestingly, 65 parallel/convergent sites were identified in the 7 genes. In summary, antioxidase-related genes are subjected to different selective pressures among hypoxia-tolerant species living in different habitats. This study provides a valuable insight into the molecular evolution of antioxidase-related genes in hypoxia evolution in mammals.

PurposeThis study aimed to introduce a new modified en-bloc resection method and evaluate its feasibility and safety in endoscopic thyroid surgery via bilateral areolar approach (BAA).MethodsPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients who underwent lobectomy and ipsilateral central node dissection (CND) via the BAA approach were retrospectively reviewed. Their clinical characteristics and outcomes were evaluated, including operative duration, lymph node yield (LNY), surgical complications, recurrence rate, and metastasis rate, over a ten-year follow-up period. Simultaneous lobectomy and CND were performed in the modified en-bloc group, whereas lobectomy was performed first, followed by CND in the conventional group.ResultsThe study included 108 patients in the modified en-bloc group and 213 in the conventional group. There were no significant differences in gender, age, tumor locations, tumor dominant nodule size, or the incidence of concomitant Hashimoto thyroiditis when comparing clinicopathologic characteristics. The comparison of operative duration (P = 0.14), blood loss (P = 0.13), postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.58), incidence of transient vocal cord paralysis (P = 0.90) and hypocalcemia (P = 0.60) did not show any differences. The mean LNY achieved in the central compartment of the modified en-bloc group (7.5 ± 4.5) was significantly higher than that in the conventional group (5.6 ± 3.6). Two patients in the modified en-bloc group and two in the conventional group experienced metastasis after surgery during the ten-year follow-up (1.8% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.60). The learning curve analysis showed a significant decrease in operative duration after the 25-35th cases for modified en-bloc resection.ConclusionsThe modified en-bloc resection method in endoscopic thyroid surgery via BAA is a technically feasible and safe procedure with excellent cosmetic outcomes for selective PTC patients.

BackgroundMalignant tumors of the ureteric bud are not common, and cervical involvement is even rarer. So far, there have been no such cases in the literature.Case summaryA 50-year-old woman developed intermittent light bleeding in the past 7 months and lower abdominal pain in the past 2 months. The human papillomavirus 16 (HPV) DNA, P16 chemical staining, thinPrep cytology test (TCT), and cervical and cervical canal tissue biopsy were all negative. Pelvic color Doppler ultrasound exhibited incomplete mediastinal uterus and heterogeneous echo from the cervical canal to the posterior wall of the cervix. Pelvic contrast-enhanced CT showed left cervical mass, left retroperitoneal mass, absence of the left kidney, and mediastinal uterus. An increase in human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) (133.6 pmol/L) was detected, while other tumor markers were at normal levels. Based on these examination results, a diagnosis of “cervical fibroids, left retroperitoneal mass, incomplete mediastinal uterus, left kidney deficiency”[SIC] was conducted, and expanded hysterectomy, right adnexectomy, and left retroperitoneal mass resection were performed. Through intraoperative rapid pathological diagnosis, postoperative pathological diagnosis combined with the re-evaluation of laboratory, and imaging and intraoperative examination results, the patient was diagnosed with ureteric bud intestinal-type adenocarcinoma involving the cervix. The patient has been tracked and followed up for approximately 11 months. She underwent six courses of chemotherapy. At present, the medication has been discontinued for 4 months, and there is no recurrence, metastasis, or deterioration of the tumor.ConclusionFor large masses of the cervix, it is feasible for the operation to be performed, improving the prognosis. There were a few limitations. A preoperative aspiration biopsy of masses was not performed to differentiate benign from malignant. Preoperative urography was not performed to clarify the function of the malformed urinary system structure. Partial cystectomy should be performed simultaneously with the resection of the ureteric bud for intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. In this case, a partial cystectomy was not performed, which can only be compensated with postoperative chemotherapy. Moreover, this patient did not undergo genetic screening, and it is currently unclear whether there are any genetic mutations associated with ureteric bud intestinal adenocarcinoma.

With the development of animal husbandry, the shortage of animal feedstuffs has become serious. Dietary fiber plays a crucial role in regulating animal health and production performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three kinds of corn straw-saccharification fibers (CSSF) such as high-fiber and low-saccharification (HFLS), medium-fiber and medium-saccharification (MFMS), low-fiber and high-saccharification (LFHS) CSSF on the reproductive performance of sows. Thirty-two primiparous Yorkshire sows were randomly assigned to 4 groups, 8 sows for each group. Group A was the basal diet as the control group; groups B – D were added with 6% HFLSCSSF, 6% MFMSCSSF and 6% LFHSCSSF to replace some parts of corn meal and wheat bran in the basal diet, respectively. The experimental period was from day 85 of gestation to the end of lactation (day 25 post-farrowing). The results showed that 6% LFHSCSSF addition significantly increased number of total born (alive) piglets, litter weight at birth (p