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Phenolic compounds (PC) have presented antioxidant potential as well as antimicrobial action against several bacteria. This study aimed to extract PC from grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam.) pulp using solid phase extraction (SPE), then quantify the PC by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and to evaluate the antioxidant activity (AA) from PC by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods as well as its antimicrobial activity by plate diffusion assay (PDA) and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assays. Additionally, the centesimal composition of the fruit and its mineral content by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy were determined. The fruit is a good source of PC which presented a higher contribution on AA from pulp than NPHRC. Calcium was the trace element in highest concentration in the pulp, followed by iron. PC from grumixama inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in the PDA. PC showed antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms tested in the MIC assay, in which S. aureus and B. cereus were the most sensitive. This study highlights the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. as natural agent in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals.

Objectives: The high frequency of learning difficulties, attention disorders or developmental delay in children in the early years of schooling has resulted in a greater demand for pediatric services. Such services generally include assessments covering various specialties, are lengthy and often inaccessible to families due to prohibitively high cost. This paper presents an economically efficient model of interdisciplinary diagnosis. Methods: A group of 109 Brazilian students from public schools aged between 5 and 14 years old, referred by teachers for a history of learning disabilities, behavioral changes or language problems, was evaluated at the NANI (Nucleo de Atendimento Neuropsicologico Infantil). Assessments were performed simultaneously during a single day's attendance and comprised clinical-genetic examination, behavioral assessment and neuropsychological screening, specially developed for the process. The multiaxial system of DSM-IV was adopted for diagnostic description. Results: The results revealed heterogeneity in diagnoses which included specific learning disorders (25.7%), mild intellectual disabilities (17.43%), as well as suspected dysmorphic features (11.93%). Logistic regression showed good sensitivity of neuropsychological screening in the detection of predictive factors for specific developmental disorders, while working memory (p=0.05) and language (p=0.02) problems were found to be higher risk. Conclusions: The model adopted proved to be useful for defining the diagnosis of several conditions in infancy, and can be incorporated into specialized clinics such as psychiatric or developmental pediatric services. RESUMO. Objetivos: A alta frequencia de dificuldades de aprendizagem, disturbios atencionais ou atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo, em criancas nos primeiros anos de escolaridade, vem acarretando grande demanda por servicos de saude. Tais servicos em geral abrangem avaliacoes em diversas especialidades, realizadas em periodos de tempo prolongados, frequentemente de pouca acessibilidade para as familias devido ao alto custo. Neste trabalho apresenta-se um modelo de diagnostico interdisciplinar economicamente viavel. Metodos: Foram avaliados os dados de um grupo de 109 alunos da rede publica de ensino entre 5 e 14 anos de idade, encaminhadas ao NANI (Nucleo de Atendimento Neuropsicologico Infantil) pelas professoras por apresentarem historia de dificuldades de aprendizagem, alteracoes comportamentais ou problemas de linguagem oral. As avaliacoes foram realizadas conjuntamente em um unico dia de atendimento e abrangeram exame clinico-genetico, avaliacao comportamental e uma triagem neuropsicologica qualitativa, especialmente desenvolvida para o processo. Adotou-se o sistema multiaxial do DSM-IV na descricao diagnostica. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram uma heterogeneidade de diagnosticos, incluindo transtornos especificos de aprendizagem (25,7%), deficiencia intelectual leve (17,43%) e presenca de dismorfias a esclarecer (11,93%). Analises de regressao logistica evidenciaram boa sensibilidade da triagem neuropsicologica na deteccao de fatores preditivos para transtornos especificos do desenvolvimento, sendo que problemas de memoria operacional (p=0,05) e de linguagem (p=0.02) se evidenciaram como de maior risco. Conclusoes: O modelo adotado mostrou-se util, assim, na delimitacao diagnostica de queixas de diversas condicoes na infância, podendo ser incorporado em clinicas especializadas tais como psiquiatricas ou pediatricas. Palavras-chave: rastreio neuropsicologico, interdisciplinaridade, criancas, servicos de saude, DSM-IV.

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o processo de desenvolvimento e validação de conteúdo do Instrumento de Avaliação Neuropsicológica Breve Infantil NEUPSILIN-INF, que avalia, de modo breve, componentes de oito funções neuropsicológicas em crianças em idade escolar: orientação, atenção, percepção visual, memória, habilidades aritméticas, linguagem, habilidades visuoconstrutivas e funções executivas. O processo envolveu: 1) análise do instrumento original NEUPSILIN e definição das funções e tarefas a serem adaptadas para avaliação neuropsicológica infantil; 2) desenvolvimento de novas tarefas consideradas fundamentais para a avaliação na infância; 3) estudo piloto 1 com a versão preliminar do instrumento; 4) análise de juízes especialistas; 5) estudos piloto 2 e 3, nova reformulação de tarefas do instrumento e elaboração de sua versão final. O instrumento apresentou adequada validade aparente e de conteúdo. The aim of this study is to present the development process and content validation of Child Brief Neuropsychological Assessment Battery NEUPSILIN-INF, which briefly assesses the components of eight neuropsychological functions in school-aged children: orientation, attention, visual perception, memory, arithmetic abilities, language, visuoconstructive abilities and executive functions. The process comprised: 1) the analysis of the original NEUPSILIN instrument and definition of the functions and tasks to be adapted for the child neuropsychological assessment; 2) the development of new tasks considered as fundamental for the assessment in children; 3) pilot study 1 with the preliminary version of the instrument; 4) analysis by specialist judges; 5) pilot studies 2 and 3, new reformulation of the instrument's tasks and preparation of its final version. The instrument presented appropriate face and content validity.

This study has investigated the issues influencing psychiatrists and psychologists to lead patients to be assisted by a psychotherapist and its role on the treatment of patients, according to the perceptions of those professionals. Three psychiatrists and three psychologists of multi-professional clinics from Porto Alegre (RGS) were interviewed. A semi- structured interview with seven open questions regarding this research subject was applied. The data obtained from the interviews were subjected to a qualitative analysis, resulting in the following categories subdivision: 1) Elements for psychotherapist indication; 2) The role of the psychotherapist during the treatment; 3) The necessary abilities and skills in relation to that profession; 4) Bibliographical reference and appropriate knowledge area for therapist practice. The Therapist work is recognized as co-adjuvant during treatment, exerting an active role and, sometimes, having a crucial role for the success of the treatment by acting within the patient's environment. Based on the participant's opinion, it was concluded that the most appropriate approach, regarding psychotherapy, was the cognitive-behavioral approach.

Este estudo examinou a relação entre estilos parentais e o desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais na adolescência. Os sujeitos foram 193 adolescentes secundaristas de duas escolas públicas de Porto Alegre. Foram utilizados um questionário para o levantamento da percepção de desempenho em dez habilidades sociais e duas escalas (Responsividade e Exigência) para a classificação dos estilos parentais em quatro categorias: autoritário; autoritativo; indulgente e negligente. Os resultados indicaram que, de uma forma geral, os adolescentes relatam apresentar as habilidades sociais necessárias às situações investigadas. As habilidades que apresentaram maiores dificuldades foram iniciar relacionamento interpessoal; solicitar mudança no comportamento do outro e expressar sentimentos. Não foram encontradas diferenças (MANOVA) quanto à presença de habilidades sociais entre os adolescentes que identificaram seus pais em diferentes estilos parentais. No entanto, foram encontradas entre esses grupos diferenças significativas quanto às variáveis que estão relacionadas às habilidades sociais, como ansiedade e agressividade. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parenting styles and development of social skills during adolescence. A total of 193 high school students (ages 14-17) from two public schools in Porto Alegre answered a questionnaire to evaluate perception of performance in ten social skills, as well as, two scales (Responsiveness and Demandingness) allowing to classify parental attitudes in four types: authoritarian, authoritative, indulgent and negligent. Generally, the results indicate that the adolescents have the necessary social skills for the investigated situations. The skills for which they presented more difficulties were the following: beginning interpersonal relationship; asking for change on someone else's behavior and expressing feelings. Significant differences on the presence of social skills among the adolescents who identified their parents according to different parenting styles were not found. However, significant differences on variables related to social skills, as anxiety and aggressiveness, were noticed among these groups.