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With the development of modern industrial civilization, cadmium (Cd), a known nephrotoxic metal, has become a growing public safety issue due to its ability to induce various types of kidney disease. Maladaptive proximal tubule repair is a significant cause of Cd-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is characterized by premature senescence and pro-fibrosis. Previously, we demonstrated that cadmium causes DNA damage and cycle arrest in renal tubular epithelial cells, which may be relevant to premature senescence regulated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). In this study, in vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to elucidate the role of SIRT1-mediated premature renal senescence in Cd-induced CKD. As oxidative stress is a significant cause of aging, we evaluated whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) would inhibit Cd-induced premature aging and dysfunction in rat renal tubular epithelial cells. Cadmium induced premature renal senescence and fibrosis, and NAC inhibited premature renal senescence and fibrosis through the SIRT1-P53 pathway and delayed CKD progression. Overall, the results suggested that the SIRT1-P53 pathway mediates oxidative stress, premature renal senescence, and renal fibrosis during cadmium exposure, which may be a potential therapeutic target for Cd-induced CKD.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) values, and apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AAs) in degossypolized cottonseed protein (DCP), and to evaluate the effects of DCP as a replacement for soy protein concentrate (SPC) or fish meal (FM) on growth performance and diarrhea frequency of nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, 12 barrows (38.5 ± 3.0 kg initial BW) were allotted into 2 dietary treatments to determine the DE and ME values of DCP. In Exp. 2, 12 barrows (31.5 ± 2.2 kg initial BW) fitted with ileal T-cannula were allotted into 2 dietary treatments to determine the AID and SID of AAs in DCP using the exogenous indicator method. In Exp. 3, 144 nursery pigs (7.4 ± 1.1 kg initial BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments, including a control diet with 10% SPC and 4% FM, and 3 experimental diets formulated by replacing SPC with 5% or 10% DCP or replacing FM with 4% DCP, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of crude protein (CP) and most AAs in DCP were close to those in SPC, but the fiber levels in DCP was greater than that in SPC. The DE and ME values of DCP were 19.11 and 17.77 MJ/kg on dry matter (DM) basis, respectively, and the AID and SID of indispensable AAs were ranged from 0.73 to 0.93 and 0.76 to 0.94, respectively. There were no differences in growth performance, diarrhea frequency and ATTD of gross energy (GE), DM and CP among the 4 treatments during day 0–28 fed to nursery pigs. However, pigs fed diets with 10% DCP had lower (P

Although hazelnut oil is is nutritious, it is easily oxidized during storage. Thus far, changes in lipids during storage have not been comprehensively analyzed. Here, we used ultra-high liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) to dynamically monitor the lipid composition of hazelnut oil during accelerated storage for 24 d. A total of 10 subclasses of 103 lipids were identified. After 24 d, the content of triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanol, ceramide, and total lipids decreased significantly (P 0.05). A total of 51 significantly different lipids were screened (Variable Importance in Projection 1, P 0.05), and these lipids could be used as biomarkers to distinguish fresh and oxidized hazelnut oil. We also detected seven most important pathways by bioinformatics analysis to explore the mechanism underlying changes. Our results provide useful information for future applications of hazelnut oil and provide new insight into edible oil oxidation.

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether partial or complete replacement of zinc oxide (ZnO) with the mannan-rich fraction (MRF) would maintain or further improve growth performance, and affect diarrhea incidence, nutrient digestibility, serum growth-related hormone level, and intestinal health in weaned pigs. A total of 192 weaned pigs (96 barrows and 96 gilts) with an initial body weight (BW) of 7.84 ± 0.75 kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design. The dietary treatments included a basal diet without antibiotics or zinc (Zn) supplementation (CON), ZnO diet (CON + 1600 mg Zn/kg from ZnO), MRF diet (CON + 800 mg MRF commercial product/kg) and MFLZ diet (CON + 800 mg MRF commercial product/kg and 800 mg Zn/kg from ZnO). Pigs fed the MFLZ diet showed greater (P

Cadmium is a heavy metal pollutant that has been reported to cause oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in cells, while the flavone isoorientin is a traditional Chinese medicine extract that has proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Accordingly, in this study we used the rat proximal tubular cell line NRK-52E and primary rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells as models to investigate the effects of isoorientin against Cadmium-induced cell injury and the mechanism of these effects. Comet assay, Western blot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate cell damage and cell-cycle-related protein expression. Furthermore, real-time cell analysis, cell-counting kit-8, and ELISA were used to investigate the role of isoorientin in Cadmium-induced cell injury. The results revealed that treatment of rat renal tubular epithelial cells with 2.5 μM Cd for 12 h resulted in DNA damage and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, while isoorientin attenuated this Cd-induced damage.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different feed particle sizes and fiber sources on nutrient digestibility and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration in different intestinal segments of pigs. Eighteen barrows with T-cannula in the distal ileum were randomly allotted to a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 different high-fiber diets including corn bran (CB), sugar beet pulp (SBP) and soybean hulls (SH), and 2 different feed particle sizes. The experiment contained 2 periods, and each period lasted for 15 days, including 10 days for diets adaptation, 3 days for fecal collection, and 2 days for ileal digesta collection. The results indicated that coarse diets decreased (P