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This study attempted to analyze the evolution of key documents about corporate social responsibility (CSR). A total of 172 CSR articles in the tourism and hospitality field published between 2006 and 2019 were derived from the Scopus database. A bibliometric mapping method was adopted to visualize the results using the VOSviewer software. Findings showed that hospitality- and tourism-focused journals were the main sources cited in CSR articles. In addition, the use of social identity theory and structural equation modeling was prevalent in such studies, and financial impact was the most common research topic. This study is insightful in mapping the intellectual structure of CSR research as well as the relationships among the subfields of CSR research in the tourism and hospitality field.

This study aims to test the impact of price preciseness on compromise and decoy effects, analyze the different presentation styles of price information (a precise price presentation vs. a rounded one), and investigate the moderating role of individual differences (i.e., lay rationalism) and decision situations (i.e., time pressure) in travel decision making. It uses a series of empirical tests in which only people with high lay rationalism can distinguish the difference between precise and rounded price information. Major findings show that compromise and decoy effects are salient when a price cue exists, as price information helps the trade-off among options. This study also finds that significant context effects prevail irrespective of price preciseness. Respondents with high lay rationalism or under high time pressure conditions show a tendency to acknowledge discrepancies among options for precise pricing in decision making but not for rounded pricing, thereby resulting in high decoy effects.

Based on social exchange theory, this research seeks to establish the differences between festival stakeholder relations in terms of trust, control, dependence, and altruism. A total of 1105 participant surveys were collected at six festivals in Ghana across eight stakeholder groups including organizers, government authorities, visitors, volunteers, sponsors, and media. The results indicate that organizers have the highest level of trust for other stakeholders whereas media have the lowest. For other stakeholders trust levels are similar, suggesting that festival organizers capitalize on mutual stakeholder trust to broaden collaboration. Regarding dependence, volunteers showed the least level of dependence on other stakeholders, suggesting that organizers work to more deeply engage their volunteers to improve relationships. This multi-dimensional assessment of social exchange theory in the festival field contributes to our understanding of dynamics among festival stakeholders.

Airline and hotel employees are experiencing multiple forms of precariousness amid the COVID-19 pandemic, which have increased workers' distrust of their respective airline/hotel businesses and affected job performance and retention. This research builds and tests two sturdy theoretical frameworks to explain airline and hotel employees' job performance and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The frameworks, developed using a quantitative method, adequately account for employees' company attachment and job performance by using their perceived job insecurity, life satisfaction, and job satisfaction as the key antecedents; while employees' perceived job insecurity influences the formation of attachment to the company and job performance. The mediating nature of life and job satisfaction is also examined alongside the moderating role of two different industry types (airline versus hotel). The results show that the process of generating job performance differs between airline and hotel employee groups. The research implications and value are discussed.

Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • The information presented and the design of health campaigns significantly influence perceived threats and irrational behaviors such as stockpiling intentions. • Childhood socioeconomic status of individuals has an impact on the effectiveness of these advertising strategies. • The results lead to definite practical implications for organizations and policy makers for increasing the effectiveness of their campaigns.

Robots and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are becoming more prominent in the tourism industry. Nowadays, consumers are faced with multiple options involving both human and robot interactions. A series of experimental studies were implemented. Four experiments demonstrated that consumers had a more positive attitude toward robot-staffed (vs. human-staffed) hotels when COVID-19 was salient. The results were different from previous studies, which were conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the moderating role of perceived threat in consumers’ preference for robot-staffed hotels was significant, the respondents’ preference was attributed to the global health crisis. This research provides a number of theoretical and managerial implications by improving the understanding of technology acceptance during a health crisis.

This study is to test whether consumption value theory can be applied to food tourism in a tourism destination. Despite its importance, few studies have explored the types of local food consumption value that tourists obtain in a destination. This study sought to develop and validate a scale of local food consumption value from a tourist perspective. As a result, a seven-factor structure was generated. The overall construct demonstrated satisfactory levels of reliability and validity. The value on their satisfaction with tasting local food, positive post-purchase intention, and food destination image varied by cultural region. Future research is expected to benefit from using the validated measurement to understand the unexplored aspects of tourists’ local food consumption.

This study assessed whether a celebrity writer endorsement affects festival brand equity and attachment to a festival destination. Subjects were non-residents who attended a local literary festival. Among celebrity attributes, expertise was revealed to be most related to brand equity and destination attachment. Additionally, loyalty to the festival was found to affect attachment to the festival destination, while festival brand awareness had a positive impact on festival brand loyalty. Results provide theoretical implications related to how celebrity endorsements influence destination brand, and festival community attachment. The results of this study also have practical implications related to how festival organizers can more efficiently promote visitation to the host destination. It is also believed results significantly contribute to understanding the efficacy of endorsements in an event context.

Despite the importance of understanding food consumption value from tourists’ perspectives, few studies have explored how experiencing local food in a destination shapes tourists’ consumption value. This study explores the effect of tourists’ local food consumption value on their perceptions and behaviors. Tourists’ cultural background is used as a moderating variable. The findings show that tourists’ local food consumption value effectively explains tourists’ attitudes toward local food, food destination image, and behavioral intentions. In addition, the cultural background of tourists partially moderates the relationships between the proposed constructs. This study is the first empirical application of consumption value theory to the context of tourists’ local food experiences. It provides insights into appropriate marketing strategies for the restaurant and food tourism industries and offers practical suggestions to destination marketing organizations (DMOs) for using local food as a destination marketing tool.

This study aims to identify the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) studies in formulating the intellectual structure of the hospitality and tourism literature by conducting a bibliometric analysis. A total of 8049 articles published in the top six hospitality and tourism journals between 1973 and 2019 and 401,473 listed references are extracted from Scopus. BibExcel and VOSviewer are used to develop and visualize bibliometric mapping and indicate the level of contribution of the CSR studies. Findings show that environmental responsibility outweighs the other CSR-related topics. In addition, stakeholder theory is the most commonly applied theory in the CSR literature, and five research clusters are identified. Furthermore, CSR-related studies remain in the emerging stage in the hospitality and tourism literature, and studies examining the perspectives of local communities are scarce. Finally, a holistic approach is necessary in CSR-related studies to connect and consolidate current CSR knowledge.

This study develops a multilevel framework that connects customer-to-customer (C2C) interaction quality to brand attachment through customer experience. Two food traits—uniqueness and taste—and service quality are posited to play different roles in this link. This research contributes to the literature on the effects of food traits and service on the experience creation process at upscale restaurants. By including both objective measures from user-generated ratings and subjective measures from customer evaluations of restaurant dining, this research sheds new light on the cross-level direct and moderating effects on the experience creation process, and thus answers the question of when and how this process is contingent on food traits and service of different dining outings. It further contributes to the brand attachment literature by revealing the cross-level moderated mediating effect of customer experience on customer emotional connection to a restaurant brand.

This research investigates the effect of mindfulness on pro-environmental hotel preference. The results of six studies demonstrate that both trait mindfulness and temporary states of mindfulness increase tourists' preferences for pro-environmental hotels. Further, we show that the effect of mindfulness on the preference for a pro-environmental hotel is due to a reduction in the influence of materialism. Mindful tourists are less materialistic, which makes them more likely to choose pro-environmental hotel options. Our study offers important insights regarding the role of mindfulness within tourists' preferences for environmentally friendly options.

This study focuses on nostalgia-evoking stimuli at nostalgic restaurants and their influence on customers’ consequent evaluation and post-purchase behavioral intention. Through in-depth interviews and a survey, the present study identified a factor structure of nostalgia stimuli that includes four dimensions and 18 items. Then, nostalgia stimuli, benefits, consumption value and post-purchase behavioral intention were incorporated into the model. Among the important results, the hypothesized relationships between nostalgia stimuli and epistemic, emotional and nostalgia-seeking benefits were partially supported. The benefits sought from dining in a nostalgic restaurant positively lead to consumption value, which further has a positive effect on post-purchase behavioral intention. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for capitalizing on nostalgia management in the hospitality industry.

Diaspora tourism offers potential benefits for emerging African destinations that are rarely associated from traditional mass tourism - preserving historic sites, creating a sense of place and increasing awareness of the dark history of slavery, particularly amongst upcoming generations. Noting the importance of managing diaspora tourism effectively, this in-depth empirical investigation identifies whether the motives of diaspora tourists explain their evaluations of Ghana as a destination, satisfaction, place attachment, and future travel intentions. The study concludes that four of the five motivational dimensions have a significant influence on evaluations of the diaspora homeland destination, with escape being the exception. The study contributes to knowledge by providing a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of diaspora tourism.

This study is involved with five objectives: understanding hospitality and tourism management (HTM) students' preferences, their characteristics for future HTM career, their motivations for choosing HTM as a major, their reasons for choosing or not choosing whether to work in the hospitality and tourism industry, and the important factors that they consider when making career decisions. The responses of HTM students living in three Asian countries where HTM programs are popular were compared. Taiwanese students exhibited the highest level of motivation to study HTM and the lowest level of willingness to work in a low position at the starting of their career among the three regional groups. In contrast, Hong Kong students indicated the lowest motivation to study HTM and the most negative responses regarding welfare or working conditions in the hospitality and tourism fields as reasons for not choosing to work in the industry. Korean students showed the highest expectation of international working opportunities and a flexible organization culture, and the highest level of willingness to work in a high position at their starting career point. All of the student groups indicated the importance of practical learning or interest in employment over scholastic pursuits or intellectual interest. The results of this study are useful for HTM education stakeholders, including potential students, HTM school staff and the HT industry.

Apart from economic factors, issues that may influence, bilateral tourist flows include shared histories, geopolitical factors, diplomatic relations, nationalism and domestic political issues. China and Japan provide an example of a bilateral tourism relationship that has been influenced by a range of factors beyond the usual economic factors of GDP, price and exchange rates. A recent history of invasion, occupation and attempts at reconciliation underlie contemporary diplomatic relations between these nations producing both fascination and mistrust. A detailed understanding of the full range of factors that may affect bilateral relations is necessary to understand bilateral tourism flows. This study identifies the effects of history, nationalism, occupation, socio-cultural factors and geopolitical factors on the flow of tourists between China and Japan.

This study was designed to empirically test the psychological consequences of concealing (vs. displaying) the prices of hospitality products on perceptions of expensiveness, quality, value, and purchase intention. To achieve this objective, seven hypotheses were proposed and a series of four experimental studies were conducted. It was found that a cafe that did not (vs. did) display price information was evaluated relatively highly in terms of perceived expensiveness, but relatively low in perceived quality, value, and purchase intention. Specifically, we found that the heightened perception of expensiveness of a price-concealing cafe, along with relatively weak change in quality perception, negatively influenced both perceptions of value and purchase intention in Studies 1 and 2. Further, we found that these relationships are moderated by the consumer personal trait of price consciousness (Study 3) and mediated by price fairness (Study 4).

This study attempts to find the underlying dimensionality in online reviews of fine-dining ethnic food restaurant experiences in Hong Kong. This research adopted semantic network analysis with Clauset–Newman–Moore clustering. Consequently, diverse and specific dimensionality was explored in this research, including ambiance, service, food, drinks, desserts, view, location, occasions, reputation and price. The content of the reviews on five types of ethnic restaurants was different in some dimensions. Marketers of fine-dining ethnic restaurants can select a particular focus when they promote their restaurants, develop menu plan and train staff members. This study implies that the quality dimensions of traditional restaurants may not accurately represent the factual dimensions, thereby resulting in implications for developing a new index of restaurant quality.

The prevalent trends of sustainability and responsible management have promoted corporate social responsibility (CSR) to attract considerable research and business interest. However, despite its importance, few efforts have been exerted to develop a standardized CSR scale in the hotel industry. This study aims to develop and validate a multidimensional scale of hotel CSR measurement as perceived by hotel staff who understands CSR. Results of running factor analyses generate a five-factor structure. The overall measurement model demonstrates a satisfactory level of goodness-of-fit and supports convergent validity, discriminate validity, nomological validity, and predictive validity. The legal domain received the highest mean score among the five hotel CSR domains, followed by ethical, financial/economic, environmental, and social/philanthropic domains. The value on employee attitude toward the CSR-implementing hotel, employee satisfaction with the CSR-implementing hotel, and organizational commitment toward the CSR-implementing hotel varied between front-of-house and back-of-house employees. This validated measurement scale is recommended for future studies to explore the effect of hotel CSR in various countries or regions.

The present study scrutinizes how hospitality firms’ internal branding influences the service performance of frontline employees in a progressive way. More specifically, based on social influence and social exchange theories, this study examines if organizational commitment mediates the link between hospitality frontline employees’ perceptions of brand authenticity (BA) and brand-value fit (BVF) and their service-related behaviors such as generating ideas for service improvement (GISI) and service-oriented citizenship behavior. With a matched sample of 286 customer-contact frontline employees and 33 of their supervisors from five-star hotels in South Korea, this study found that the higher employees’ perceptions of BA and BVF, the more likely they were to generate ideas for service improvement and engage in service-oriented citizenship behavior, as they were more likely to be committed to the firm. Based on the findings, implications are discussed for hospitality practitioners and researchers alike in terms of internal branding with frontline employees.

This study explores the effectiveness of using Korean celebrities to endorse a Korean hotel in the Japanese market. Specifically, Japanese tourists’ perception of the hotel's corporate image and corporate credibility were tested along with corporate loyalty. This study found that trust in celebrity endorsers by consumers is transferable to perceptions of image of the hotel, its credibility and loyalty to the hotel. Structural equation modeling was used to explain difference in the relationships between constructs that identified the effectiveness of each celebrity. One important finding was that specific celebrity endorsers may not appeal to the entire target market and for this reason more than one endorser may be required to promote a product.

This study aims to investigate the role of gratitude, relative to satisfaction, that underlies reciprocal behavior in the upscale restaurant industry. The findings showed that gratitude served as a more reliable and stronger predictor of favorable reciprocal behavior compared to satisfaction. Relational benefits, including confidence, social, and special treatment benefits, were found to be the most powerful antecedents to gratitude. Food quality caused the most satisfaction and simultaneously evoked a feeling of gratitude. Employee service quality affected only satisfaction. The physical environment alone did not influence either gratitude or satisfaction. Gratitude prompted favorable reciprocal behavior, whereas satisfaction did not. Examining the differential effects of antecedents on gratitude vs. satisfaction will enable restaurant managers to understand the different consequences and distinct emotional features between gratitude and satisfaction, and thus establish strong reciprocity with customers by evoking feelings of gratitude.

This study explored the influence of advertising brochures that feature endorsers and informational content for a restaurant located in a highly competitive district of Seoul, Korea, that primarily targets foreign tourists. The study examined the effects of three types of endorsers (customer, chef, and owner) on the responses of Japanese tourists. A total of 300 questionnaires were collected from Japanese tourists after personal interviews were conducted at locations in Seoul frequently visited by Japanese tourists. Of the three types of advertisement endorsements tested for Japanese tourists’ attitudinal responses and purchase intentions, the owner spokesperson was found to be the most effective endorser. However, the chef endorsement and the customer endorsement showed similar influences on the Japanese tourists’ attitudinal or behavioral responses. Among the four brochure treatments that tested the effects of resumes and photos, brochures that included both a resume and a photo were found to be the most effective, followed by brochures that only included a photo and brochures that only included a resume. In contrast, the group of brochures that included neither a resume nor a photo was found to be the least influential.

This study aimed to identify any distinction between first-time and repeat convention attendees based on their perspectives of convention quality dimensions, multidimensional value, and behavioral intentions. The findings showed that accessibility and extra convention opportunities were not found to affect multidimensional value from first-timers and repeaters. First-timers valued professional education the most, followed by social networking and site environment in evaluating multidimensional value. Repeaters relied on social networking more than on education in assessing value. Site environment positively contributed to multidimensional value for first-timers but not for repeaters. Multidimensional value affected behavioral intentions more positively for repeaters than for first-timers. These findings will enable convention organizers to better understand the distinctions between the two groups and thus gain insight into how to attract first-timers and turn them into repeaters.

The aim of the research reported upon in this study is to examine the impact of visitors’ socio-demographic and festival experience-related variables on expenditure levels and patterns of visits to festivals. Three statistical models including logit, OLS (ordinary least square) and Tobit models are employed to identify and examine the differences or similarities in results from three different approaches. A comparison of the three approaches using cross-section survey data generated differences in model fit. In addition, it was found that the set of independent variables which were significant in estimating festival visitors’ expenditures varied between the three models. As such the findings of this study suggest a singular statistical approach may be inferior to multiple ones in gaining a full understanding of the determinants of festival participants’ expenditure.

This study investigated the effects of the Korean television (TV) drama series titled, Winter Sonata, on the potential or actual Japanese tourist flow to Korea. More specifically, this research explored the reasons for the popularity of the Korean TV drama series, the change of perceived image as an impact of the melodrama, and the preferred products of soap opera-induced tourism. The objectives of this study were achieved through two ways: (1) review of articles in newspapers, magazines, and reports; (2) analyses of a survey of Japanese tourists visiting featured locations of the Winter Sonata TV drama series. The results of this study indicated that this Korean TV series had a variety of impacts in relation to Korea and Japan. Interestingly, Japanese respondents in their 40s and over-preferred Korean TV dramas and indicated a stronger desire to take a Hallyu trip. Additionally, a high level of interest and empathy for leading actors and actresses were the key reasons for their preference for Korean dramas. Results of the canonical analysis indicated that respondents preferred the Korean TV dramas due to all five reason dimensions which demonstrated higher levels and agreement for the development of five out of the eight product types from this study.

This paper introduced three representative market segmentation methodologies for hotel guest room customers. In scenario l, segmentation by the industry data was employed as the first trial of academic research in the hospitality industry. Scenario 2 is benefit segmentation for respective customer segment as a result of scenario 1. There might be the need for an intermediate step between the two methods, however, in the case of a large enough sample. Therefore, a brief outline of Chi-Square Automatic Interaction (CHAID) was introduced in scenario 3. The authors believe that these sequential methodologies are the most appropriate procedures for segmenting hotel customers.

The purpose of this paper is to explore residents’ perceptions toward casino development. Specifically, this paper examines whether there are significant differences between residents’ perceptions before and after the casino development and whether impact factors are correlated with both support for casino and expected personal benefits. Paired t-tests show that residents’ perceptions were significantly different before and after the casino development. Specifically, residents were likely to perceive positive impacts less strongly and negative impacts as being less worse after the casino opened than they did prior to the casino's opening. In contrast, residents were likely to perceive direct gambling costs as being more serious after the casino opened than they did prior to the casino's opening. Correlation analysis indicates that those residents who supported the casino development were likely to perceive economic and social impacts more positively. Residents who perceived they would personally benefit from the casino development were also likely to express economic and social impacts more positively, indicating support for a social exchange theory.

The casino industry for foreign visitors has been used as a tool of economic development in Korea. The objective of the current study was to examine cultural elements of the interaction between casino workers and guests at Korea's largest casino, the Walker Hill Casino located in Seoul. The guests were grouped into five major cultural groups: Japanese, Korean residents abroad, Chinese (Mainland Chinese, Taiwanese, Hong Kong Chinese), Westerners (US citizens and Europeans), and others (mainly Sri Lankan, Philippine, Bangladeshi, Thai and Malaysian). Based on casino employees’ perceptions significant differences were observed on all 28 items of behaviours of casino customers from the five cultural groupings. As a result, it is apparent that cultural differences will have a range of implications for management including marketing, training of staff and service provision for guests.

Sun/Lost City's position as the pre-eminent resort in Africa was threatened in the 1990s when its monopoly on gambling in South Africa was removed. In response to the new competition, the resort embarked on a research program to explore what marketing actions it should pursue. As part of this overall program, this project involved conducting personal interviews with 302 visitors to Sun/Lost City, South Africa. The study was intended to explore the potential of using the interface between benefits and constraints to identify optimum target markets among existing visitors. The interview instrument contained 20 benefit items and 14 constraint items. Results of factor analyses showed a four-factor solution on the benefit items and a three-factor solution on the constraint items. The domain mean scores were used to group respondents into three constraint and three benefit clusters. The clusters were described by selected behavioral variables. The two sets of clusters were cross-tabulated to produce nine market segments. From among these, four potential target markets were identified as being likely to offer the best return on marketing effort.