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Summary The “All American” is a mobile autoclave commonly used in developing countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sterility of cotton cloth wrapped instruments up to 7 days of storage. For this purpose, 3 “All American” sterilization cycles were conducted, one cycle weekly during a period of three weeks. Each cycle contained 5 sets composed of three clamps, wrapped in cotton cloth. Sterility maintenance was tested at J1, J2, J3, J4 and J7. The sets were stored in a heating chamber in order to reproduce the storage conditions of tropical climates. Bacteriological and mycological analyses were carried out on the outside and inside of the cotton, as well as on the clamps of each set. Although residual humidity rates up to 12% were recorded on cotton sets after cycles, we did not report bacterial or fungal growth, nor inside the cotton wraps, neither onto the clamps. These results are encouraging, but should be confirmed by increasing repeatability of sterilization cycle and by varying several parameters influencing dryness and sterility to test reproducibility.

The semi-arid shortgrass steppe ecosystem of North America is dominated by blue grama grass (Bouteloua gracilis), a species with substantial intraspecific variability, ecological significance, and economic value. Yet no studies have addressed within species differences in blue grama palatability or insect herbivore preference with respect to plant traits. We performed an experimental study to test the palatability and preference of two blue grama genotypes, wild type versus cultivar, by grasshopper herbivores in the Gomphocerinae subfamily. We found strong evidence that cultivar blue grama was more palatable than wild type and that grasshoppers preferred cultivar plants. Although we could not detect differences in silica content between the two types, we found that cultivar plants were larger, had lower water content, and surprisingly, had reduced nutrient value (greater C:N). These results suggest that intraspecific variation in blue grama size and water content could influence feeding choices by this group of grasshoppers. Conservation managers will have to consider such variation when considering how remnant and restored prairies might be affected by these arthropod herbivores.

Introduction Specialized Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC) teams address unmet needs and improve quality of life in patients with Life Limiting Conditions across pediatric subspecialties. However little is known about frequency, timing and trigger for PPC referral in non-malignant diseases. We hereby describe how, when and why french cardiologists interact with PPC teams. Methods We conducted a retrospective nationwide survey among PPC teams in France. All patients referred to PPC team for a cardiologic disease in 2019 were studied. Results Among 6 respondent PPC teams, 18 patients and families met PPC teams in 2019 for an advanced heart disease. 12 had Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) and 6 had cardiomyopathy. No other diagnosis was represented. Median age at referral was 0.9 months for CHD and 72 months for cardiomyopathy. 61% of the patients were less than 1 years old. Antenatal diagnosis concerned 6 families with CHD and 2 of them were referred to PPC before birth allowing prenatal palliative care project. Main trigger for referral was ethical consideration (50%) followed by organization for home based palliative care (28%). PPC teams did participate to ethical discussion when asked to but also provided home-based PPC (9/18), family support (12/18), coordination of care (5/18), support of referring team (4/18) and symptoms management (3/18) Conclusion Trigger for referral to PPC team is mainly for help in decision making in palliative care context and life threatening complications but PPC teams interventions tend to develop a holistic model of care. Pediatric cardiologist and PPC teams already interact in children's best interest in France, outcomes measurement and partnerships are ready to be developed.

Increasing evidence suggests that artificial light at night (ALAN) can negatively impact both plant and animal species. However, most studies examine the impacts of ALAN on a single species or under high levels of artificial light that are infrequent or unrealistic in urban environments. We currently have little information on how low levels of artificial light emanating from urban environments in the form of skyglow affect interactions between species. Here we examined the effects of low-level ALAN compared to starlight on the biology (i.e. physiology, behavior) and interactions between house crickets (Acheta domesticus) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis). We measured how ALAN impacts gas exchange and growth of Kentucky bluegrass; survival, morphology, and behavior of house crickets; and herbivory of bluegrass by crickets. Crickets had little to no effect on plant growth under artificial light conditions at 0.3 lux, and light treatments did not influence measured cricket biology. ALAN treatments did lead to increased plant growth rate, with no change in photosynthesis. Our results indicate no negative influence of skyglow ALAN on plant-insect interactions; however, more research is needed to determine the damaging thresholds of ALAN that could affect biotic interactions.

Introduction Les etablissements hospitaliers recuperent et stockent beaucoup d’informations relatives a la prise en charge des patient(e)s. La majorite des donnees est conservee sous forme de texte dans les comptes rendus medicaux (CR) et donc difficilement exploitable. Une partie est recodee par le Departement d’information medicale (DIM) dans des logiciels medico-administratifs. Pour participer ou promouvoir de nouveaux essais cliniques, il faut connaitre le volume potentiel de patient(e)s repondant aux criteres de selection de ces etudes. Afin de repondre a ces demandes, nous avons mis au point un systeme informatise de fouille textuelle des CR. Methodes Les outils utilises etaient Clinicom® : systeme de gestion des informations medico-administratives dont ont ete extraits 569 191 CR, et Python™ : langage de programmation objet permettant la manipulation et la recherche de donnees. Les questions posees etaient de type « Combien de patients ont presente la pathologie [± caracteristique pathologique precise] pendant la periode et ont recu un traitement ». Les donnees du DIM permettaient de reperer les patients presentant la pathologie d’interet a l’aide des codes CIM-10 correspondants et/ou la periode de prise en charge. Des mots cles ou expressions ont ete recherches dans les CR des patients reperes et un listing repondant aux criteres etait construit. Une fusion avec d’autres bases pouvait etre realise afin d’affiner les resultats si necessaire. Resultats Quinze demandes ont ete traitees entre 2016 et 2017. Sept reponses ont permis le lancement de projets de recherche et une a permis l’ouverture d’une etude industrielle ( Tableau 1 ). Conclusions Le script Python™ permet de rechercher et de trouver rapidement les cas d’interet parmi un grand volume de donnees, notamment pour les tumeurs rares. En effet, le script cherche des mots ou expressions, il est donc plus efficace pour retrouver des informations (pathologies precises, traitements hors centre) qui ne sont pas recodees. Le risque de faux positif est non negligeable du fait de la non-specificite du script qui peut associer des types histologiques a d’autres localisations que celle d’interet. Il est prevu d’ameliorer le robot en integrant les expressions regulieres et l’association d’expressions pour rapprocher les types des localisations. Une approche de « machine learning » a base de reseaux de neurones en collaboration est egalement prevue.

Objectif Les troubles du sommeil sont frequents et ont un impact significatif sur la qualite de vie. Le traitement pharmacologique conventionnel repose sur l’utilisation de medicaments hypnotiques qui sont souvent associes a des effets indesirables importants. Methodes Quarante sujets adultes souffrant de troubles du sommeil legers a moderes ont ete inclus dans une etude exploratoire, simple bras, en ouvert d’une duree de quatre semaines, portant sur une supplementation de deux semaines avec une combinaison d’extraits de plantes, de melatonine et de vitamine B6. Les sujets ont utilise un agenda electronique du sommeil pour consigner la qualite du sommeil percue, la qualite du reveil, la fatigue diurne, le delai d’endormissement, la duree totale du sommeil nocturne, la duree des siestes, le nombre de reveils nocturnes et les cauchemars. L’etude a ete sponsorisee par Sanofi. Resultats La supplementation a ete associee a une amelioration statistiquement significative de la qualite moyenne du sommeil (echelle de 0 a 10 ; difference de 1,87 [99 % IC 1,40 ; 2,34], p Conclusion Les complements alimentaires contenant des plantes en combinaison avec la melatonine et la vitamine B6 peuvent offrir une alternative et sont bien toleres pour le traitement des troubles du sommeil legers a moderes.

Several irradiation experiments have confirmed the positive effect of adding Si to the matrix of an U(Mo) dispersion fuel plate on its in-pile irradiation behavior. E-FUTURE, the first experiment of the LEONIDAS program, was performed to select an optimum Si concentration and fuel plate heat treatment parameters for further qualification. It consisted of the irradiation of 4 distinct (regarding Si content and heat treatments), full size flat fuel plates in the BR2 reactor under bounding conditions (470 W/cm 2 peak BOL power, ∼70% peak burn-up). After the irradiation, the E-FUTURE plates were examined non-destructively and found to have pillowed in the highest burn-up positions. The destructive post-irradiation examination confirmed that the fuel evolves in a stable way up to a burn-up of 60% 235 U. Even in the deformed area (pillow) the U(Mo) fuel itself shows stable behavior and remaining matrix material was present. From the calculation of the volume fractions, the positive effect of a higher Si amount added to the matrix and the higher annealing temperature can be derived.

In a near future, with an increasing use of hydrogen as an energy vector, gaseous hydrogen transport as well as high capacity storage may imply the use of high strength steel pipelines for economical reasons. However, such materials are well known to be sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). For safety reasons, it is thus necessary to improve and clarify the means of quantifying embrittlement. The present paper exposes the changes in mechanical properties of a grade API X80 steel through numerous mechanical tests, i.e. tensile tests, disk pressure test, fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth measurements, WOL tests, performed either in neutral atmosphere or in high-pressure of hydrogen gas. The observed results are then discussed in front of safety considerations for the redaction of standards for the qualification of materials dedicating to hydrogen transport.

In the framework of the elimination of High-Enriched Uranium (HEU) from the civil circuit, the search for an appropriate fuel to replace the high-enriched research reactor fuel in those reactors that currently still require it for their operation has led to the development of a U–7 wt.%Mo alloy based dispersion fuel with an Al–Si matrix. The European LEONIDAS program, joining SCK•CEN, ILL, CEA and AREVA-CERCA, is aimed at the qualification of such a fuel for the use in high power conditions. The first experiment of the program, designated E-FUTURE, was performed to select the appropriate matrix Si concentration and fuel plate post-production heat treatment parameters for further qualification. It consisted of the irradiation of four distinct (4% and 6% Si, 3 different heat treatments) full size, flat fuel plates in the BR2 reactor. The irradiation conditions were relatively severe: 470 W/cm 2 peak BOL power, with a ∼70% 235 U peak burnup.

In the framework of the IRIS-TUM irradiation program, several full size, flat dispersion fuel plates containing ground U(Mo) fuel kernels in an aluminum matrix, with and without addition of silicon (2.1 wt.%), have been irradiated in the OSIRIS reactor. The highest irradiated fuel plate (with an Al–Si matrix) reached a local maximum burnup of 88.3% 235 U LEU-equivalent and showed a maximum thickness increase of 323 μm (66%) but remained intact. This paper reports the post irradiation examination results obtained on four IRIS-TUM plates. The evolution of the fission gas behavior in this fuel type from homogeneously dispersed nanobubbles to the eventual formation of large but apparently stable fission gas bubbles at the interface of the interaction layer and the fuel kernel is illustrated. It is also shown that the observed moderate, but positive effect of Si as inhibitor for the U(Mo)–Al interaction is related to the dispersion of this element in the interaction layer, although its concentration is very inhomogeneous and appears to be too low to fully inhibit interaction layer growth.

Resume Les extraits allergeniques destines au traitement des allergies de type I par immunotherapie specifique sont des melanges complexes de molecules, obtenus a partir de matieres premieres biologiques qui presentent une certaine variabilite. De nombreuses methodes sont aujourd’hui disponibles pour offrir une caracterisation poussee de ces extraits allergeniques et documenter leur reproductibilite.

Resume Le bupropion, ou amphebutamone, est antidepresseur atypique desormais indique dans l’aide au sevrage tabagique, situation a haut risque de manifestations psychiques aigues. Structurellement proche de l’amphetamine et des monoamines endogenes, dopamine et noradrenaline, dont il inhibe la recapture, le bupropion serait egalement un antagoniste non-competitif des recepteurs nicotiniques. Nous avons recemment rapporte le cas d’une patiente schizoaffective ayant developpe deux episodes psychotiques aigus consecutifs dans les suites d’une mise sous bupropion. Nous avons donc conduit une recherche bibliographique visant a recenser les autres publications etablissant un lien entre ce traitement et la survenue d’episodes psychotiques (et/ou thymiques avec caracteristiques psychotiques) aigus. Outre les donnees de la pharmacovigilance et des etudes randomisees, 22 cas circonstancies du meme type ont ete publies entre decembre 1985 et novembre 2008. Les troubles surviennent generalement apres une exposition breve a une posologie de 300 mg/j environ. Dans la majorite des cas, les patients sont indemnes d’antecedent psychotique. Au plan etiopathogenique, l’action dopaminergique du bupropion, parfois potentialisee par interaction medicamenteuse, pourrait etre incriminee. L’expression clinique et le profil evolutif des troubles les rapprochent des psychoses « organiques » et « toxiques » traditionnellement decrites. La strategie therapeutique consiste habituellement en un arret du bupropion et l’introduction d’un neuroleptique. L’utilisation des benzodiazepines pourrait constituer une alternative valable, par reference au modele des psychoses aigues amphetaminiques.

Three full size AlFeNi cladded U3Si2 fuel plates were irradiated in the BR2 reactor of the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCKCEN) under relatively severe, but well defined conditions. The irradiation was part of the qualification campaign for the fuel to be used in the future Jules Horowitz reactor in Cadarache, France. After the irradiation, the fuel plates were submitted to an extensive post-irradiation campaign in the hot cell laboratory of SCKCEN. The PIE shows that the fuel plates withstood the irradiation success- fully, as no detrimental defects have been found. At the cladding surface, a multilayered corrosion oxide film has formed. The U-Al-Si layer resulting from the interaction between the U3Si2 fuel and the Al matrix, has been quantified as U(Al,Si)4.6. It is found that the composition of the fuel particles is not homogenous; zones of USi and U3Si2 are observed and measured. The fission gas-related bubbles generated in both phases show a different morphology. In the USi fuel, the bubbles are small and numerous while in U3Si2 the bubbles are larger but there are fewer. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis, X-ray crystal structure and IR spectrum of {[MnII(Im)6] AE 2(2-IC) AE 2(NC) AE 2(DMSO)} (Im = imidazole, 2-HIC = indole-2- carboxylic acid, NC = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide) are reported. The manganese(II) ion has octahedral geometry with a MnN6 core. The crystal structure is completed by two NC, two 2-IC- and two DMSO solvate molecules. The individual cations are linked into chains running parallel to the a axis by four intermolecular hydrogen bonding involving two 2-IC-solvate. Moreover, these chains are connected by p–p stacking interactions which occur between neocuproine molecules related through inversion center. In IR spectroscopy, the compound spectrum is roughly similar to the imidazole one: (i) above 1800 cm1, the bands are broad, but when focussing on some of them a doublet structure can be found; (ii) below 1800 cm1, the bands are sharp and it is then possible to point out the modification of S–O band when this later is involved in bifurcated hydrogen bonding to a second solvate 2-IC-. The compound catalyses the disproportionation of H2O2; moreover an additional quantity of imidazole increases the reaction rate.

Gestational trophoblastic tumors are authentic malignant tumors of the conception. They are mostly chemosensitive. For young women, the place of the surgery seems now restricted and more and more codified. Hysterectomy keeps a certain interest for women who do not wish to preserve their fertility. Hysterectomy limits then the complications of chemotherapy. It optimizes the chances of recovery without recurrence. If chemotherapy must nevertheless be carried out, hysterectomy decreases the necessary number of cures to obtain complete remission of the disease. Surgery is also indispensable to chemoresistant tumors. It allows exeresis of localized residual sites or isolated metastases. Other indications for surgery include uncontrollable vaginal or intra-abdominal bleedings and placental site trophoblastic tumors.

Benzodiazepines (Bzd) are known to interact with GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. Previous research on their effect on human auditory efferent pathways--through evoked otoacoustic emissions suppression by contralateral acoustic stimulation (CAS)--indicated a decrease in medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent system inhibitory activity, after oral intake of oxazepam--representative of the Bzd drug class. To date, this pharmacological effect was only assessed in the right ear. Since a leftward asymmetry of Bzd receptors localization in human auditory cortex has been described recently, we explored in this study the hypothesis of an asymmetrical action of Bzd on MOC efferent functioning. The results revealed a significant difference of Bzd effect probing the right ear versus the left ear, with CAS-induced suppression being less effective in the right than left ear after oxazepam intake. This finding raises the question of possible neurochemical left-right asymmetry in the descending auditory pathways. The potential localization of this asymmetry is discussed.

Objectif. – Evaluer la faisabilite d'une technique d'induction par inhalation de sevoflurane a objectif de concentration avec la nouvelle plate-forme d'anesthesie ZEUS® (Drager Medical). Type d'etude. – Etude clinique prospective. Patients. – Adultes, ASA 1 ou 2, devant beneficier d'une intervention chirurgicale programmee sous anesthesie generale. Methodes. – Apres preoxygenation pendant trois minutes, l'induction de l'anesthesie etait debutee en demandant au patient de respirer normalement (technique du volume courant) ; la fraction expiree cible de sevoflurane etait reglee a 4 % sans saturation prealable du circuit. Le morphinique (sufentanil a la concentration cible au site d'action de 0,5 ng/ml) etait administre 40 secondes apres. Resultats. – Dix patients (48 ± 22 ans) ont ete inclus. L'apparition du sevoflurane dans le circuit inspiratoire etait observee a partir de 36 ± 5 s ; la fraction cible de sevoflurane (4 %) etait obtenue au bout de 130 ± 19 s. La perte du contact verbal survenait au bout de 119 ± 7 s. L'induction s'est deroulee sans incident chez tous les patients. Conclusion. – Il est possible de realiser avec ce type de respirateur une induction par inhalation de sevoflurane sans saturation prealable du circuit d'anesthesie.

Three ternary complexes of zinc indole-2-carboxylate (2-IC) with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (NC) in dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were synthesized, their X-ray crystal structure and IR spectra were determined. In compound [Zn(2-IC)2(NC)]·(DMA) (1), Zn is five-coordinate by one bidentate NC ligand and two 2-IC anionic ligands one of which is monodentate, and the other is bidentate. The individual molecules are linked into chains running parallel to the a-axis by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The crystal structure is completed by a DMA solvate molecule. Compounds [Zn(2-IC)2(NC)]·(DMF) (2) and [Zn(2-IC)2(NC)]·(DMSO) (3) contain one monomeric zinc complex similar to 1 and a disordered solvate molecule (DMF in 2; DMSO in 3) in contrast to 1. In the IR spectra of the three compounds, the most important feature is the appearance of a very broad band at about 3175 cm−1 presenting a fine structure which can be correlated to hydrogen bonds in N–H⋯O bifurcated links, via inter and intramolecular interactions. A tentative assignment was made to point out the bidentate or monodentate carboxylate groups attached to the Zn atom.

Following observations that bis(3,5-diisopropylsalicylato)diaquazinc(II), [Zn(II)(3,5-DIPS)(2)(H(2)O)(2)], had anti-convulsant activity, bis(acetylsalicylate)diaquazinc(II), [Zn(II)(aspirinate)(2)(H(2)O)(2)], and the Zn(II) ternary 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (neocuproine, NC) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) complexes of Zn(II)3,5-diisopropylsalicylate, salicylate, and acetylsalicylate were synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. Anti-convulsant and Rotorod toxicity activities of these complexes were determined to examine their anti-convulsant and undesirable central nervous stimulant or depressant activities of these Zn(II) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent complexes. Bis(3,5-diisopropylsalicylato)-1,10-phenanthorlinezinc(II), [Zn(II)(3,5-DIPS)(2)(phen)], (1) has one bidentate phen ligand and two mono-deprotonated 3,5-DIPS ligands. One of the carboxylates bonds in an asymmetric chelating mode. The Zn(II) atom exhibits a distorted bicapped rectangular pyramidal environment N(2)O(2)OO (4+1+1 *). In the neocuproine complex, bis(3,5-diisopropylsalicylato)-2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthorlinezinc(II), [Zn(II)(3,5-DIPS)(2)(NC)] (2), the Zn(II) atom has a much more distorted bicapped rectangular pyramidal environment, N(2)O(2)O(2) (4+2 *), compared to 1. The two carboxylate ligands exhibit the same asymmetric coordinating mode with longer metalloelement-oxygen bond distances compared to 1. The space group of [Zn(II)(aspirinate)(2)(H(2)O)(2)] (3), which has been reported as Cc is corrected to C2/c. The zinc atom exhibits a (4+2 *) bicapped square pyramidal environment. While the two ternary phenanthroline-containing complexes, 1 and 2, evidenced weak protection against maximal electroshock (MES)- and subcutaneous Metrazol (scMET) induced seizures, [Zn(II)(3,5-DIPS)(2)(DMSO)(2)], [Zn(II)(aspirinate)(2)(H(2)O)(2)], and bis(salicylato)-1,10-phenanthorlinezinc(II), [Zn(II)(salicylate)(2)(phen)], were found to be particularly useful in protecting against MES and scMET seizures and [Zn(II)(aspirinate)(2)(H(2)O)(2)] and [Zn(II)(salicylate)(2)(phen)] were found to have activity in protecting against Psychomotor seizures, without causing Rotorod toxicity. Activities of these and other Zn(II) complexes of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are consistent with the well-known anti-inflammatory responses of Zn(II)-dependent enzymes. There was also some evidence of Rotorod toxicity consistent with a mechanism of action involving sedative-hypnotic activity of recognized anti-epilepticdrugs.

Insomnia is a frequent symptom in the general population; numerous studies have proven this. In the past years, classifications have gradually given more emphasis to daytime repercussions of insomnia and to their consequences on social and cognitive functioning. They are now integrated in the definition of insomnia and are used to quantify its severity. If the daytime consequences of insomnia are well known at the clinical level, there are few epidemiological data on this matter. The aim of this study was to assess the daytime repercussions of insomnia complaints in the general population of France. A representative sample (n=5,622) aged 15 or older was surveyed by telephone with the help of the sleep-EVAL expert system, a computer program specially designed to evaluate sleep disorders and to manage epidemiological investigations. Interviews have been completed for 80.8% of the solicited subjects (n=5,622). The variables considered comprised insomnia and its daytime repercussions on cognitive functioning, affective tone, daytime sleepiness and diurnal fatigue. Insomnia was found in 18.6% of the sample. The prevalence was higher in women (22.4%) than in men (14.5%, p

Resume Objectif L’objectif de cet article est d’evaluer les resultats et la place du TVT chez les femmes qui presentent une incontinence urinaire d’effort associee a une insuffisance sphincterienne. Materiel et methode Il s’agit d’une etude retrospective sur une periode de 57 mois d’une population de 38 patientes operees par TVT pour une insuffisance sphincterienne avec ou sans defaut de transmission. L’âge moyen des patientes etait de 52 ans. Quatorze patientes (37 %) avaient des antecedents de cure chirurgicale d’incontinence. L’examen clinique a mis en evidence un deroulement de l’uretre 22 fois (58 %), des tests de Bonney ou de Jacquetin positifs 15 fois (39 %). La valeur moyenne de la pression de cloture uretrale maximale etait de 40 cm d’eau avec 12 patientes (32 %) l 30 cm d’eau. Six patientes (16 %) avaient une vessie instable. Sept patientes (18 %) avaient une insuffisance sphincterienne pure. Resultats Le suivi median etait de huit mois (2 a 32 mois). Vingt-cinq patientes (66 %) etaient gueries, neuf (24 %) ameliorees et quatre (10 %) en echec. Les resultats sont moins bons pour les patientes qui presentaient un echec prealable d’une cure chirurgicale d’incontinence, un uretre fixe, une insuffisance sphincterienne pure ou avec instabilite vesicale sans defaut de transmission associe. La seule complication severe a ete une exposition de prothese. Conclusion Les resultats du TVT dans l’insuffisance sphincterienne sont legerement moins bons que dans l’incontinence urinaire d’effort pure. A court terme, ils sont comparables dans l’insuffisance sphincterienne a ceux des frondes sous uretro-cervicales qui sont le traitement de reference actuel. Le risque de retention urinaire est moindre. Le caractere mini-invasif du TVT nous laisse supposer qu’il se substituera dans l’avenir aux frondes sous uretro-cervicales dans cette indication particuliere. Pour confirmer cela un recul plus important sera necessaire.

Several epidemiological surveys performed in Western Europe reported a prevalence of insomnia symptoms between 20% and 40% of the general population. Women and elderly individuals were the most affected. Many events can occur during sleep and affect its quality. Daytime sleepiness, a consequence of lack of sleep and/or insomnia, is responsible for many road, work and domestic accidents. Therefore, insomnia may have important consequences both for individuals and society. This study performed in the non institutionalized French population reports the sleep habits of that population and the factors associated with insomnia. This epidemiological study was conducted with 5,622 subjects representative of the French general population. They were aged between 15 and 96 Years. The participation rate was 80.8%. The results showed that men and women have different sleep habits. Generally speaking, women went to bed about 12 minutes earlier than men and woke up later than men (p 100,000 inhabitants) sleep duration was shorter by approximately 10 minutes compared to localities with fewer than 5,000 residents (p

Resume L’exces de sommeil est un symptome tres frequent qui se situe a l’interface de la psychiatrie, de la neurologie, de la pneumologie et de l’endocrinologie. Le psychiatre confronte a cette plainte se doit de la prendre en compte dans sa demarche diagnostique et dans sa prise en charge therapeutique globale. Sur ces deux plans, il ne devra pas hesiter a recourir aux services des hypnologues afin de preciser l’etiologie du trouble et d’eviter les pieges d’un traitement trop vite oriente sur la simple pharmacologie. En effet, differencier un exces de sommeil « vrai » dans le cadre d’un syndrome d’apnees du sommeil ou d’une narcolepsie, d’une hypersomnie symptomatique liee a une depression est indispensable, mais souvent difficile hors d’une unite de sommeil specialisee. La grande incidence de ce type de trouble du sommeil en psychiatrie ne doit pas nous faire oublier qu’il necessite une prise en charge etiologique specifique.

Resume Introduction La quasi-totalite des patients allergiques au pollen de bouleau presente des IgE dirigees contre l’allergene Bet v 1, la majorite reagissant exclusivement contre cet allergene pertinent. Dans ce contexte, nous avons produit et formule l’allergene Bet v 1.0101 recombinant (rBet v 1) sous forme de comprimes, a des fins d’immunotherapie allergenique. Methodes L’allergene rBet v 1 exprime dans Escherichia coli a l’echelle 1500 L a ete caracterise par chromatographie liquide, spectrometrie de masse (MS) et diffraction aux rayons X . Cet allergene de qualite pharmaceutique (BPF) a ensuite ete evalue lors d’une etude clinique de phase II multicentrique, randomisee, en double aveugle, controlee contre placebo, conduite sur une cohorte de 483 patients europeens souffrant de rhino-conjonctivite allergique au pollen de bouleau. Resultats L’integralite de la sequence de rBet v 1 a ete confirmee en MS/MS. Neanmoins, la detection en MS de formes non-matures et de substitutions d’acides amines a necessite des optimisations successives des conditions de cultures cellulaires afin de reduire la concentration de ces impuretes. Le procede de purification a ete modifie de facon a exclure des proteines de la cellule hote identifiees en MS. Ce procede a egalement ete optimise afin d’eliminer un metabolite d’E. coli piege dans la cavite hydrophobe de Bet v 1. De plus, nous avons adapte les conditions de stockage de l’allergene afin de limiter son oxydation. Finalement, l’evaluation clinique a demontre que rBet v 1 administre par voie sublinguale presente une innocuite et une efficacite similaires a celles observees avec un extrait de pollen de bouleau. Conclusion Nous avons produit l’allergene rBet v 1 de qualite pharmaceutique a l’echelle industrielle. La caracterisation structurale detaillee a ete decisive afin d’accompagner les developpements et optimisations des procedes d’expression et de purification de cette molecule. Une formulation en comprimes a permis de realiser la premiere etude clinique de phase II par voie sublinguale avec un allergene recombinant et de confirmer sa bonne tolerance et son efficacite pour les patients souffrant d’une rhino-conjonctivite allergique au pollen de bouleau.

Two ternary complexes of manganese(II) indole-2-carboxylate (2-IC) with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (NC) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethylacetamide (DMA) were synthesized, their X-ray crystal structure and IR spectroscopy characteristics were determined. In compound MnII(2-IC)2(NC)(DMSO) (1), Mn(II) is six-coordinate by one bidentate NC ligand and two bidentate 2-IC anionic ligands. The crystal structure has revealed a seven-coordinate Mn(II) when a moderately long contact distance MnO (DMSO 2.643(2) A) is included in the coordination list: the Mn(II) configuration can be described as a distorted capped octahedron. Individual molecules are linked into chains running parallel to the a axis by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. In compound MnII(2-IC)2(phen)(H2O)]·DMA (2), the manganese atom is six-coordinate by one bidentate phen ligand and two 2-IC anionic ligands one of which is monodentate, and the other is bidentate. The coordination sphere is completed by one water molecule, the Mn(II) environment can be described as a very distorted octahedron. The individual molecules are associated in dimmer structure by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The crystal structure of 2 is completed by a disordered DMA solvate molecule. These two complexes are catalysts for the disproportionation of H2O2 in the presence of added imidazole.

We report a pregnant woman presenting with seizure secondary to hyponatremia by inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Aetiology was unknown urinary and lung tuberculosis. This case report presents diagnosis strategy of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and the arguments for its aetiology.

By using otoacoustic emission, we looked for change in outer hair cell (OHC) motile activity and medial olivocochlear (MOC) system inhibition due to benzodiazepine administration, a drug that is known to produce a pharmacological effect by interacting with GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. No effect was observed on OHC motile activity, in contrast benzodiazepines decreased MOC system effectiveness suggesting the existence of GABAergic fibers projecting onto the MOC system.

Resume Les patients atteints de syndrome d’apnees du sommeil (SAS) presentent non seulement un risque cardio-vasculaire majore mais aussi une augmentation de preva-lence de la depression. L’apolipoproteine E (ApoE), proteine de transport des lipides circulants, presente 3 alleles princi-paux ɛ2, ɛ3, et ɛ4. De fait, la presence de l’allele ɛ4, facteur de risque des pathologies cardio-vasculaires, pourrait etre plus frequente chez les patients apneiques. De maniere a etu-dier une relation potentielle entre SAS, depression et pheno-type de l’ApoE, nous avons determine le genotype de l’apoE chez 92 hommes consultant pour apnees du sommeil. La presence d’un allele ɛ4 etait significativement associee a un SAS modere ou severe. De plus, les scores d’apnee etaient significativement augmentes chez les patients porteurs de l’allele ɛ4 comparativement aux autres patients. En revanche, la presence de depression (30 % des patients) n’etait pas associee a une modification du genotype de l’apoE. L’allele ɛ4 pourrait etre un facteur de risque pour le SAS (frequence de l’allele ɛ4 plus elevee que dans la population generale) et/ou un facteur aggravant pour cette pathologie (index d’apnees/hypopnees plus eleve chez les porteurs de l’allele ɛ4). En revanche, l’absence de relation entre depression et genotype de l’apoE suggere que la depression pourrait etre une consequence du SAS, suite aux hypoxemies repetees et a la fatigue engendree par le SAS.

Study by X-ray diffraction of various mixtures of CaS and Yb 2 S 3 after heating at 1200 °C, reveals the existence of continuous domains of solid solutions with successively a NaCl-type cubic unit cell (parameter a), a cubic unit cell (parameter 2a) and a rhombohedral structure. Some of the structures have been determined by three dimensional X-ray diffraction. Ca 3.86 Yb 0.09 S 4 [a = 5.691A, Fm3m] and Ca 3.10 Yb 0.60 S 4 [a = 5.675A, Fm3m] have a rock salt structure. In Ca 2.30 Yb 1.14 S 4 [a = 11.246A, F43m], Ca and Yb are in the same octahedral (24f) sites; octahedral (4c) and (4d) positions are occupied respectively by Ca and Yb atoms. The order of the cations in the 〈111〉 planes accounts for the superstructure.

Spun films of polycarbonate were photoablated in air at 248 nm. The etch and incubation data have a superlinear dependence on the laser fluence. The surface compositional changes were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As evidenced by the decrease of the O/C ratio, photoablation is inferred as distinct from the low-intensity photooxidative degradation. A direct correlation is observed between the XPS and incubation data and the ablation seems to occur by chain scission at the CO bond, the fully incubated surface being an average of monomeric composition.

Los placebos impuros representarian del 35 al 45 % de las prescripciones, pero a pesar de algunos exitos innegables, no se ha podido demostrar que posean una verdadera actividad especifica. El placebo no debe ser un medicamento de complacencia ni ofrecer una coartada para evitar la confrontacion cuando no existe un tratamiento especifico. No obstante, cuando la conviccion, la compasion, la atencion, el hecho de compartir el saber, la competencia y la benevolencia no se utilizan como pretexto para la mentira o la charlataneria, el efecto placebo no tiene ninguna contraindicacion

Photoablation of spun polystyrene films was studied at 248 nm. The etching occurs on a submicrosecond time-scale, is strongly intensity dependent and is preceded by an incubation period. The chemical and photochemical properties of the polymer are not affected by its molecular weight. However the molecular weight changes the incubation behaviour of the samples. This last result is analysed as a physical effect in terms of the volume changes brought about by the ablation process.

Three softwares have been designed, the first for job histories, the second for job-exposure matrices, and this, the third and latest, for workplace descriptions. The first two softwares were presented in earlier articles while the current article presents the software for workplace descriptions. Workplace description has been based on the idea that a job is best described by listing its constituent tasks so as to determine associated risks better. The three softwares, the job history software (JHS), the job-exposure software (JES) and the workplace description software (WDS) are interfaced and constitute an integrated professional risk surveillance (PRS) system.

The paper presents the way obstacle avoidance is implemented in the case of an outdoor robot evolving at low speed (

In the ternary Yb-In-S system two phases were identified and their structure determinated on single crystal by X-ray diffraction. Yb[sub 4/3]In[sub 4/3]S[sub 4] belongs to a solid solution, it has a cubic structure intermediate between spinel and NaCl type. All metal sites are incompletely occupied. Yb[sub 18]In[sub 7.33]S[sub 36] is hexagonal. Yb[sup III] atoms have two types of environment with sevenfold prismatic and sixfold octahedral coordination. However, the octahedral sites are occupied also by In[sup III] atoms. Large channels around the threefold and sixfold axes are occupied by In[sup 1] or are empty. The two structures are analyzed. They have the particularity to have octahedral sites occupied by Yb[sup III] and In[sup III] statistically disordered. The most similar radii of Yb[sup III] and In[sup III] atoms are likely the reason of the existence of the hexagonal phase not found for other rare earth atoms and also of the presence of a large solid solution, domain for the first phase.

Photoablative (incubation and etching) characteristics of rhodamine 6G doped polymer films have been studied at 248 nm using in situ interferometric monitoring of the etch rate. The dye changes the ablation characteristics of the films. This process saturates with laser intensities and dye concentration and is more pronounced for polystyrene than for polycarbonate. This effect is interpreted as the change of free volume experienced by the polymer matrix when the film is doped by monomer or dimer dye molecules. This outlines how physical properties influence the expulsion mechanism.

Laser photoablation of a variety of organic polymer films was observed at wavelengths of 193nm, 248nm and 532nm. Polydiacetylenes showed a very high intensity dependence of the etch rate. No degradation was observed in the remaining layers of the film except for visible (532nm) irradiation. Polystyrene films showed a high sensitivity of the ablation characteristics on dye doping. For the example of a polycarbonate film we fitted the ablation data to a model adapted from Magan et al. [1].

The photoablative properties of a variety of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films on silicon and quartz are reported at 193 nm and at 248 nm. The etch rate is observed to change for very thin films depending on the substrate material. No spectral changes have been observed in the remaining material, suggesting no degradation, and this technique appears to be viable for use in the lithography of LB films.

Objet Les atteintes du systeme nerveux central (-SNC-, accident vasculaire cerebral, pathologies neurologiques degeneratives, etats vegetatifs chroniques…) entrainent frequemment des deformations articulaires (spasticite, retraction, osteome) dont la prise en charge peut diminuer le handicap et ameliorer la qualite de vie de patients lourdement atteints. Nous decrivons ici la mise en place et premiers resultats d’un projet experimental de concertation pluridisciplinaire a distance en neuro-orthopedie permettant l’evaluation du handicap et la planification d’une prise en charge medico-chirurgicale de ces patients. Methode Une experimentation est en cours entre le Groupe National UGECAM (225 etablissements de reeducation ou medico-sociaux dans toute la France) et l’hopital R.-Poincare de Garches. Dans ce dernier une consultation pluridisciplinaire (associant un chirurgien orthopediste, un medecin de reeducation, des kinesitherapeutes et appareilleurs de l’hopital de Garches) est realisee de facon hebdomadaire et prend en charge plus de 1000 patients par an (principalement issus de la region parisienne). Par cette consultation pluridisciplinaire a distance entre les equipes de Garches et de l’UGECAM/CHM, des actes chirurgicaux (osseux ou musculaires), medicaux (injections de toxine botulinique A, infiltrations articulaires) ou adaptative (ortheses, installation au lit ou au fauteuil sur mesure) peuvent etre proposes. Cette expertise deployee via le logiciel Lync de Microsoft a permis une evaluation clinique, reeducative et radiologique par l’equipe pluridisciplinaire de l’impact des atteintes orthopediques sur la qualite de vie de patients ayant une pathologie neurologique tres complexe et handicapante et de finaliser une strategique therapeutique. Resultats Deux patients ont pu etre expertise, evitant un transport de plus de 1500 km, et une prise en charge medico-chirurgicale de proximite a pu etre organisee. Conclusion L’expertise a distance par les moyens modernes, aujourd’hui a disposition du corps medical, donne la possibilite d’une prise en charge specialisee, rare en France, permettant a des patients complexes, lourdement handicapes, dont le transport meme medicalise est souvent impossible, d’avoir acces a une proposition chirurgicale ou une prise en charge medico-reeducative optimale.

Objectifs L’etude de phase II MIITOP evalue l’efficacite d’une double infusion de MIBG I131 associee au topotecan dans le traitement des neuroblastomes refractaires ou en rechute. Nous rapportons la tolerance de ce traitement chez les 5 premiers patients inclus. Methode Une dose de 444 MBq/kg de MIBG I131 est injectee a J1 associee au topotecan de J1 a J5. La dose d’irradiation corporelle (ICT) recue est mesuree. Une deuxieme cure est effectuee a J21 pour obtenir une ICT de 4 Gy. Une reinjection de cellules souches peripheriques est realisee a J31. Resultats 5 patients ont ete traites : 1 neuroblastome metastatique refractaire et 4 en rechute. La duree mediane d’hospitalisation par cure etait de 7 jours. L’ICT mediane totale etait de 4,5 Gy. La toxicite hematologique etait acceptable (duree mediane de neutropenie grade 4 : 15 jours, de thrombopenie grade 4 : 8 jours). Une elevation isolee de la TSH etait observee chez 2 patients. Aucune autre toxicite extra-hematologique n’etait observee. 1 CR, 2 SD et 2 PD etaient obtenues. Conclusion Cette approche permet l’augmentation des doses de MIBGI131 avec une toxicite minimale. La poursuite des inclusions est necessaire pour en evaluer l’efficacite notamment pour les neuroblastomes metastatiques refractaires en fin d’induction.

© L’Encephale, Paris, 2011. Tous droits reserves. Les patients presentant un TAG et les paniqueurs ont souvent des troubles du sommeil. Les bouffees delirantes sont presque toujours precedees par des privations de sommeil. Faire dormir les sujets a risque de bouffees delirantes aigues est une necessite. Les autres pathologies rencontrees dans les troubles du sommeil sont le syndrome d’apnees du sommeil, l’hypothyroidie, la narcolepsie-catalepsie et le syndrome des mouvements periodiques des membres inferieurs. Au plan therapeutique, il est conseille de favoriser : • les rythmes synchronisant les levers a heure fi xe quitte a creer une dette de sommeil transitoire ; • favoriser les facteurs de stimulation au reveil (gymnastique, balneotherapie) et les activites calmantes nocturnes. Parmi les hypnotiques, le zopiclone et le zolpidem sont les plus justifi es. Les benzodiazepines a demi-vie courte (loprazolam, temazepam, lormetazepam) sont preferees aux demi-vies longues. La melatonine a liberation programmee chez l’insomniaque de plus de 55 ans semble entrainer une meilleure vigilance diurne.