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Systemic elimination of senescent cells using senolytic drugs presents therapeutic effects on age-related diseases, including senile osteoporosis. However, low bioavailability and potential side effects of senolytics restrict clinical application. Therefore, we developed a bone-targeted delivery system for senolytics to effective treatment of senile osteoporosis. In this study, quercetin was screened out as the ideal senolytics for eliminating senescent BMSCs. Treatment of quercetin efficiently decreased the senescence markers in senescent BMSCs models. After treatment with quercetin in vitro, cell mitosis and calcification staining assay confirmed that the proliferation and osteogenesis of the senescent BMSCs populations were enhanced. To enhance the effectiveness and minimize the side effect of treatment, liposomes decorated with bone affinity peptide (DSS)

Acetaminophen (APAP), one of the most widely used antipyretic and analgesic drugs, principally contributes to drug-induced liver injury when taken at a high dose. APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) results in extensive necrosis of hepatocytes along with the occurrence of multiple intracellular events such as metabolic activation, cell injury, and signaling pathway activation. However, the specific role of the immune response in AILI remains controversial for its complicated regulatory mechanisms. A variety of inflammasomes, immune cells, inflammatory mediators, and signaling transduction pathways are activated in AILI. These immune components play antagonistic roles in aggravating the liver injury or promoting regeneration. Recent experimental studies indicated that natural products showed remarkable therapeutic effects against APAP hepatotoxicity due to their favorable efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to review the present understanding of the immune response in AILI and attempted to establish ties among a series of inflammatory cascade reactions. Also, the immune molecular mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of AILI were extensively reviewed, thus providing a fundamental basis for exploring the potential pharmacological targets associated with immune interventions.

Introduction The transplantation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) has emerged as a novel strategy for the regeneration of lost dental pulp after pulpitis and trauma. Dental pulp regeneration of the young permanent tooth with a wide tooth apical foramen has achieved significant progress in the clinical trials. However, because of the narrow apical foramen, dental pulp regeneration in adult teeth using stem cells remains difficult in the clinic. Finding out how to promote vascular reconstitution is essential for the survival of stem cells and the regeneration of dental pulp after transplantation into the adult tooth. Methods Adipose tissue–derived microvascular fragments (ad-MVFs) were isolated from human adipose tissues. The apoptosis and senescence of DPSCs cultured in conditioned media were evaluated to explore the effects of ad-MVFs on DPSCs. DPSCs combined with ad-MVFs were inserted into the human tooth root segments and implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. Regenerated pulplike tissues were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry. The vessels in regenerated tissues were analyzed by Micro-CT and immunofluorescence. Results The isolated ad-MVFs contained endothelial cells and pericytes. ad-MVFs effectively prevented the apoptosis and senescence of the transplanted DPSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Combined with DPSCs, ad-MVFs obviously facilitated the formation of vascular networks in the transplants. DPSCs combined with ad-MVFs formed dental pulp–like tissues with abundant cells and matrix after 4 weeks of implantation. The supplementation of ad-MVFs led to more odontoblastlike cells and increased the formation of mineralized substance around the root canal. Conclusions Cotransplantation with ad-MVFs promotes the angiogenesis and revascularization of transplanted DPSC aggregates, leading to robust regeneration of dental pulp.

This paper examines the impact of large-scale alternative data on predicting consumer delinquency. Using a proprietary double-blinded test from a traditional lender, we find that the big data credit score predicts an individual’s likelihood of defaulting on a loan with 18.4% greater accuracy than the lender’s internal score. Moreover, the impact of the big data credit score is more significant when evaluating borrowers without public credit records. We also provide evidence that big data have the potential to correct financial misreporting.

With thousands of co-existing and competing platforms, the Chinese peer-to-peer (P2P) lending market experienced both high growth and high failure rate. We hand collect unique data for these P2P platforms and investigate the differences in performances and survivals for platforms with and without affiliations with state-owned enterprises (SOEs). P2P platforms with SOE affiliations have higher trading volumes, attract more investors, and offer lower interest rates. These platforms also survive significantly better than those without the SOE affiliations, especially during market downturns. Using P2P platforms with fake SOE affiliations as identification, we show that the SOE affiliation itself (not related to the fundamentals) is an important signal for P2P market participants. These results can be helpful to investors and regulators, especially those from other emerging markets.

The corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steel after low-temperature liquid oxy-nitriding (LON) was investigated by exposing in H2S/CO2-saturated liquid and vapor environments up to 720 h at 60 °C. The corrosion rates before and after LON were compared by the weightlessness method, and the microstructure as well as the corrosion scales were characterized using surface analysis methods. The results indicated that the composite S-phase layer with the outer Fe3O4 layer and the inner nitrogen-rich sublayer could improve the corrosion performance in H2S/CO2-saturated environment. The base material (BM) suffered local corrosion first, which then transformed into uniform corrosion. As a comparison, The LON sample, covered with a thin corrosion product layer, indicated slight local corrosion. The excellent corrosion resistance of the S-phase should be attributed to the blocking effect of the continuous Fe3O4 film as well as the suppression of the atomic mobility by the nitrogen-containing supersaturated solid solution.

Introduction Vital pulp therapy aims at preserving pulp vitality and regenerating dentin. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a combination of treated dentin matrix (TDM) proteins and dental pulp cell (DPC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) on pulp-dentin complex repair. Methods We prepared TDM by chemical demineralization and mechanical disruption of teeth to a powder preparation. The sEVs were isolated from culture supernatants of DPCs and identified by nanoparticle tracking analysis, Western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of a combination of TDM proteins and DPC-derived sEVs on DPC proliferation, migration, and odontogenic differentiation was evaluated in vitro. A minipig model of pulp injury was used to compare the clinical outcomes and tissue responses attributed to 4 materials including TDM, sEV-TDM, sEVs, and mineral trioxide aggregate. Results The sEV isolated from the cell supernatant promoted DPC proliferation and migration. The combination of TDM extracts and sEV synergistically promoted the migration of DPCs but suppressed their proliferation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot revealed that sEV-TDM enhanced the odontoblast-related protein expressions in DPCs. In in vivo studies, TDM and sEV-TDM promoted the formation of continuous reparative dentin. Furthermore, odontoblastlike high columnar cells were observed on the pulp side of the dentin bridge. Conclusions The sEV-TDM complex exhibits intrinsic biological activities, which has potential applications as a bioactive pulp-capping material.

By rational altering the structure of CN auxiliary ligand, Near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescent cyclometalated platinum (II) and iridium (III) complexes with metformin (Met) have been successfully obtained and characterized. The dissociation of Met in aqueous solution can be accelerated by addition of Glutathione (GSH) and alleviated by drop of histidine, accompanied with a significant decay change of deep red phosphorescence. Besides, Pt3 and Ir1 with moiety of btpq mainly selectively targeted and located in Mitochondrial, while Pt1 of ppy and Pt2 with thpy mainly accumulated in endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, Pt1-3 and Ir1 with metformin moiety all exert a significant enhanced anticancer activity, among them, Pt3 displays ca.66-fold, ca.147-fold and ca.588-fold higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin, Met-free analogue Pt3a and Met. Their relative anticancer mechanism was further investigated, both Pt2 and Pt3 could form covalent interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and effectively induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, arrest of cell cycle, loss of Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), display effective anti-metastasis activity and eventually induce apoptosis of cancer cell.

Soy protein isolate (SPI), whey protein isolate (WPI) and sodium caseinate (CS) were used as excipient ingredients to improve the water-solubility, chemical stability, and in vitro bioaccessibility of quercetin. Quercetin powder was dispersed in the protein solutions (pH 7.0) and then the mixtures were held at 30 °C for 24 h or 100 °C for 60 min. The mean particle diameter of the colloidal dispersions formed ranged from around 53 to 208 nm, whereas the zeta-potential values ranged from around -23 to -27 mV. The high-temperature treatment (100 °C) of the quercetin-protein mixtures led to a higher quercetin solubility than the low-temperature treatment (30 °C). When held at 100 °C, the solubility of quercetin increased first but then decreased over time when quercetin mixed with WPI, CS and SPI respectively. A simulated gastrointestinal tract study showed that the in vitro bioaccessibility of quercetin increased after being mixed with the protein solutions: from 13.5 % for free quercetin to 20.3 %, 26.5 %, and 36.3 % for SPI, WPI, and CS respectively. Fluorescent spectroscopy analysis indicated that there was about one quercetin molecule bound per protein molecule, with the dominant force being hydrophobic attraction. Per unit mass of protein, the total number of quercetin binding sites available was greater for CS and WPI than for SPI. This phenomenon may account for the greater enhancement in quercetin solubility, stability, and bioaccessibility for CS and WPI than SPI.

The visible-light photoactive heterostructures with effective carrier transformation and desirable material properties have caught more and more researchers’ attention in recent years. Herein, a photoelectrochemical sensing platform is constructed based on Fe2O3@Bi2S3 heterostructure for an enzymatic process and enzyme activity inhibition assay. In the proposal, the amount of Fe2O3 in Fe2O3@Bi2S3 sample was optimized firstly. Specifically, the photocurrent intensity of Fe2O3@Bi2S3 heterostructure is gradually enhanced with proper introduction of Fe2O3. Moreover, the Fe2O3@Bi2S3 heterostructure is first used to design the sensing via hydrolytic reaction and enzyme activity inhibition reaction. When loaded on the substrate of Fe2O3@Bi2S3 with the help of gold nanoparticles, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) can hydrolyze l -ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium salt to produce ascorbic acid in situ, consequently achieving the enzymatic process. In the second place, the constructed sensing is employed to detect the inhibitor of sodium fluoride for ALP, which is closely associated with enzyme activity and human health problems. The ingenious designed sensing presents an outstanding linearity for the detection of sodium fluoride, and the concentration varies from 0.01 to 1000 μM. The integration of heterostructure and photoelectrochemical technique demonstrates an innovative methodology for the assay of biological targets. Furthermore, the designed strategy can greatly enhance the analytical performance and thus provides a novel method for the high selective and sensitive detection of chemicals.

Strong earthquakes can disturb the regional stress field. The variation in the static Coulomb stress changes induced by earthquakes can explain the spatial distribution of certain aftershocks, and cascade earthquake sequences. However, the coseismic Coulomb stress change is not the only stress perturbation, interseismic and postseismic viscoelastic relaxation can also affect the evolution of the stress field. This study focuses on how stress perturbation from four strong earthquakes (the 1933 M7.5 Diexi, 1955 M7.5 Kangding, 1976 M7.2 Songpan and 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan) occurred around the Longmen Shan area in western China affect the occurrence of the 2013 Lushan M7.0 earthquake. In addition, we examine the stress evolution along the Longmen Shan fault zone and its adjacent faults to assess the regional seismic hazard. We construct a 3D viscoelastic finite element model that includes the fault structure, inhomogeneous medium, tectonic stress, gravity to simulate the evolutionary stress field when using observed Global Positioning System (GPS) vectors as the boundary conditions. The simulated results show that the coseismic Coulomb stress change induced by the Kangding, Songpan, and Wenchuan earthquakes is positive at the hypocenter of Lushan earthquake. In particular, the coseismic Coulomb stress change imparted by the Wenchuan earthquake exceeds the earthquake-triggering threshold of 0.01MPa. Additionally, the tectonic stress at the hypocenter of the Lushan earthquake increases with time, indicating the stress cumulates gradually at this location. We also compare the distribution of the earthquakes (from 1933 to 2013) with the effective and Coulomb evolutionary stress fields. Almost 70% of the earthquakes in the research region are located in the effective and Coulomb stress-enhanced areas. Our study helps to better understand the origin of Lushan earthquake and provide a theroetical basis for assesing regional seismic hazard.

In this work, 3D hierarchical carbonized silk cocoon-Co-graphene composite possesses combined advantages of lightweight, porous, nitrogen-doped and environmentally friendly is prepared with silk cocoon as the precursor of biomass carbon, Co nanoparticles as a sandwich layer and graphene as outer layer via a facile soaking and carbonization method. The carbonized natural silk cocoon possesses the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 27 dB in 12.4–18 GHz (Ku band), and it is enhanced to 55 dB in 18 GHz with the presence of graphene and Co nanoparticles. The carbonized silk cocoon and the synthesized carbonized silk cocoon-Co-graphene (15.79 wt% of Co nanoparticles) not only show the superior electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness, but has the outstanding specific shielding effectiveness of 2322 dB cm3/g and 664 dB cm3/g, respectively, both higher than the value of previous other shielding materials. Therefore, it exhibits great potential for the application in electromagnetic interference shielding materials.

Catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) over high-performance non-noble metal catalysts is attracting intensive attention. Herein, we report a graphene supported Cu@Ni bimetallic nanowires catalyst by a facile liquid phase reduction method with the assistance of an external magnetic field. The morphology and structure of the composite are studied by SEM, TEM and XPS. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) is used to analyze its magnetic properties. Owing to the synergistic effect of graphene and bimetallic nanowires, the catalyst shows superior catalytic performance and excellent stability. The results of catalysis exhibit an extraordinary rate constant (1.16 min−1) and activity factor (5.81 min−1 mg−1) at room temperature, which are much higher than a majority of non-noble metal catalysts, even noble metal catalysts. Also, compared with noble metal catalyst, the novel catalyst possesses ferromagnetism, which facilitates the separation of catalyst and reaction system, and guarantees recyclability. Moreover, a possible synergistic catalytic mechanism based on the fact that electron transfer between copper-nickel nanowires and graphene has been proposed. It is believed that the novel catalyst has a great importance for the application of nanowires in the field of catalysis.

Marine Streptomyces are considered as important but poorly investigated resources for natural products. A new strain Streptomyces sp. R527F isolated from the Arctic Ocean was shown to produce multiple macrolide antibiotics and several new compounds. The entire genome was sequenced and analyzed to gain a better understanding of the biosynthetic capabilities for future studies. At least 30 gene clusters were detected scattered throughout the genome, responsible for biosynthesizing up to 11 classes of natural products. The complete genome sequence allows for natural product mining and biosynthesis, as well as serving as a reference for other studies such as genomic evolution and adaptation to cold Arctic sediments.

The transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) promotes bone repair and regeneration. However, it has been shown that the majority of BMSCs die within a short period after transplantation. During apoptosis, BMSCs generate a large number of apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs). This study aims to understand the potential role of ApoEVs in bone defect repair and regeneration. We confirm that BMSCs undergo apoptosis 2 days after transplantation into the defect of the cranium. In vitro, we find that abundant ApoEVs were generated by apoptotic BMSCs and can be engulfed by BMSCs and promote the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of recipient cells. ApoEVs from cells in the middle stage of apoptosis were the most efficient at enhancing the regeneration capacity of BMSCs. In vivo, transplantation of ApoEVs in the calvarial defect region significantly promoted bone regeneration in both mouse and rat models. Mechanistically, ApoEVs promote new bone formation by upregulating the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and activating the JNK signaling. This study reveals a previously unknown role of the dying transplanted BMSCs in promoting the viability of endogenous BMSCs and repairing the bone defects. Since it could avoid several adverse effects and limits of BMSCs cytotherapy, treatment of ApoEVs might be a promising strategy in bone repair and regeneration.

We study the behavior of an individual avoiding peer information on charity giving. Manipulating how the peer donation information was revealed to potential donors in a field experiment, we find 89% of individuals were “information avoiders.” We further use an instrumental variable estimation strategy to show that, given the option to avoid the information, these individuals were less likely to give and to help promote charity campaigns, which reduced the total distribution of campaigns on the platform by 8.5% and the total donation amount by 7.7%. Finally, we use a theoretical model to illustrate how the pressure from peer comparison may drive the findings.

The impacts of cold stress (4 ℃ for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h, respectively) on the components, structural and physical properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) gel from Procambarus clarkii were investigated. The physicochemical analysis indicated the secondary and tertiary structure of MP were unfolding to different degrees after cold stress when compared to the control. The MP gel hardness reached a maximum when the cold stress reached 24 h. Furthermore, the quantitative proteomics results indicated that 20 up-regulated differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were detected in 24 h when compared to control, specifically include myosin light chain 1 (MLC1) and skeletal muscle actin 6. Additionally, the combined analysis confirmed that MLC1 and skeletal muscle actin 6 might play key roles in hardening shrimp meat under cold stress. The results could provide a theoretical reference for the changes in crayfish muscle quality during cold chain transportation.

We probe the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent containment policies on business activities in China by exploiting big data on 1.5 billion sales invoices. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we estimate that the average drop in sales is between 23% and 35%, depending on firm size, for the 12-week period after Wuhan's lockdown. The unprecedented plunge in countrywide economic activities is more evident in the first eight weeks, and firm sales gradually resume to 85% of the normal level afterward. Firms in industries requiring more intensive face-to-face interactions suffer more during the public health measures. Also, cities relying on investment-driven economic growth are more resilient. Lastly, local governments' economic stimulus policies, aimed at alleviating financial losses for small and micro firms, are actually more effective for medium-sized and large firms. Our results provide implications for other economies seeking to develop strategies to contain the disease and reopen the economy.

The utilization of CO2 as a C1 building block for the synthesis of valuable chemicals is of great importance. The transition metal-catalyzed carboxylation of unsaturated substrates with CO2 has proved to be an effective and versatile strategy for the incorporation of CO2 in organic substrates with unsaturated bonds. Different kinds of carboxylation reactions with CO2 have provided a direct access to a myriad of functionalized carboxylic acids and derivatives. This review focuses on carboxylation of unsaturated substrates with CO2 via transition metal catalysis. Various kinds of carboxylations with different catalytic systems are discussed.

The increasing prevalence of low pI non-mAb therapeutics as well as current challenges in mAb-aggregate separations and low recoveries motivate further development in the multimodal anion exchange (MM AEX) space. In this work, linear salt gradient experiments at pH 7 were used to evaluate the retention of model proteins (with pI from 3.4 to 6.8) in 17 novel MM AEX prototype systems. The ligands were organized into three series. Series 1 extended previous work in multimodal ligand design and included a hydroxyl variant and linker length variants. Series 2 and 3 investigated the nature of hydrophobicity in MM AEX systems by adding hydrophobic (series 2) or fluorine (series 3) substituents to a solvent exposed phenyl ring. Compared to the commercial resin Capto Adhere, the series 1 and 3 ligands exhibited weaker binding, while some of the series 2 aliphatic prototypes showed dramatically increased retention and unique selectivities. Within series 1, the model proteins eluted earlier in the gradient as the charge-hydrophobic group distance on the ligand was increased from 4.9 A to 8.5 A. For the aliphatic variants in series 2, proteins that eluted early in the salt gradient were not affected by the increase in ligand hydrophobicity, while the later eluting proteins bound stronger as the length of the aliphatic substituent increased. The series 3 variants indicated that phenyl ring fluorination created subtle changes in protein elution in these MM AEX systems. Retention data from the three series was used to generate a partial least squares QSAR model based on both protein and ligand descriptors which accurately predicted protein retention with a training R 2 of 0.81 and a test R 2 of 0.76. The retention characteristics of some prototypes such as the earlier elution and unique selectivities compared to Capto Adhere suggest that they could potentially provide unique selectivities and increased recovery for the downstream processing of both mAb and non-mAb biotherapeutics.

Background and Aims Esophageal stricture is a common adverse event after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) when it involves the entire circumference of the esophagus. We aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic transplantation of autologous esophageal mucosa in preventing stricture formation after circumferential ESD. Methods Nine patients who underwent circumferential ESD for early esophageal cancer were enrolled. After the patients underwent ESD, autologous esophageal mucosal patches were attached to the ulcer surface by using hemoclips and were then fixed with a covered metal mesh stent. The stent was removed 7 days after the procedure. The patients were followed up with endoscopy at scheduled times. Results Epithelialization occurred within a median of 7.1 days, with a graft survival rate of 96.5%. Strictures occurred at a mean of 24.7 days (range 18-34 days) after the procedure. The median number of endoscopic balloon dilatation sessions was 2.7 (range 0-6). Conclusions Transplantation of autologous esophageal mucosa could be a safe way of relieving the severity of esophageal stricture after circumferential ESD.

Background and purpose We hypothesized that a plan’s robustness to anatomical changes can be improved by optimizing with multiple CT scans of a patient. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plan could be developed to meet dose criteria on both planning and adaptive CT plans. Material and methods Eight lung cancer patients who underwent adaptive IMPT were retrospectively selected. Each patient had two CTs: a primary planning CT (PCT) and an adaptive planning CT (ACT), and IMPT plans associated with the scans. PCT and ACT were then used in combination to optimize one plan (MCT plan). The doses to the target and organs at risk from the PCT plan, ACT plan, P-ACT plan (PCT plan calculated on ACT data), and MCT plans calculated on both CTs were compared. Results The MCT plan maintained the D 95% on both CTs (mean, 65.99 Gy on PCT and 66.02 Gy on ACT). Target dose coverage on ACT was significantly better with the MCT plan than with the P-ACT plan ( p = 0.01). MCT plans had slightly higher lung V 20 (0.6%, p = 0.02) than did PCT plans. The various plans showed no statistically significant difference in heart and spinal cord dose. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that an IMPT plan can meet the dose criteria on both PCT and ACT, and that MCT optimization can improve the plan’s robustness to anatomical change.

Various experimental conditions were tested for the green extract process of corrosion inhibitor from lychee fruit waste, and the optimal extract parameters were selected using potentiodynamic polarization. The best inhibition effect of the ethanol extract of lychee’s peel and seed by ultrasound for 1.5 h (EELPS) for mild steel in 0.5 M HCl was obtained at 600 mg/L using electrochemical and weight loss measurements. Theoretical calculations illustrate the adsorption sites and adsorption behavior of effective compounds. Due to the existence of hydroxyl groups and phenol rings in the main components, EELPS is considered to be a good inhibitor.

Controlled synthesis of magnetic nanocomposite with outstanding catalytic performances is a promising strategy in catalyst industry. We proposed a novel concept for fabrication of reduced graphene oxide-supported cobalt nanowires (RGO/Co-NWs) nanocomposite as high-efficient magnetic catalyst. Unlike the majority of experiments necessitating harsh synthesis conditions such as high-pressure, high-temperature and expensive template, here the RGO/Co-NWs were successfully prepared in aqueous solution under mild conditions with the assistance of external magnetic field. The synthetic process was facile and external magnetic force was adopted to induce the unidirectional self-assembly of cobalt crystals on graphene oxide to form RGO/Co-NWs. The possible formation mechanism laid on the fact that the dipole magnetic moments of the nanoparticles were aligned along the magnetic induction lines with the external magnetic field direction resulting in the formation of nanowires elongating in the direction of the magnetization axis. Simultaneously, a series of controlled reactions were conducted to illuminate the effect of graphene oxide, external magnetic field and PVP on the morphology and size of RGO/Co-NWs in the present approach. More importantly, the nanocomposite exhibited a high catalytic performance towards ammonia borane. Hence the novel nanocomposite holds a great potential for technological applications such as catalyst industry.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of the triglyceride (TG) core of circulating TG-rich lipoproteins including chylomicrons (CM), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). A variety of parenchymal cells can synthesize and secrete LPL. Recent studies have demonstrated that complicated processes are involved in LPL biosynthesis, secretion and transport. The enzyme activity of LPL is regulated by many factors, such as apolipoproteins, angiopoietins, hormones and miRNAs. In this article, we also reviewed the roles of LPL in atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular accident, Alzheimer disease and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. LPL in different tissues exerts differential physiological functions. The role of LPL in atherosclerosis is still controversial as reported in the literature. Here, we focused on the properties of LPL derived from macrophages, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall. We also explore the existence of crosstalk between LPL and those cells when the molecule mainly plays a proatherogenic role. This review will provide insightful knowledge of LPL and open new therapeutic perspectives.