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33 results on '"Kingsley M"'

21. Anoxemia as the cause of death in shock

Author

Kingsley M. Stevens

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Oxidative phosphorylation, Shock, Hemorrhagic, Mitochondrion, Biology, Adenosine Triphosphate, Neoplasms, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Myocyte, Glycolysis, Hypoxia, Cell damage, Septic shock, Muscle, Smooth, General Medicine, Anatomy, Hypoxia (medical), medicine.disease, Shock, Septic, Mitochondria, Muscle, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Vasa vasorum, Blood Vessels, medicine.symptom
Abstract

The case is presented that both hemorrhagic and septic shock are due to an inadequate oxygen supply to mitochondria of vascular muscle cells in peripheral circulatory beds. Mitochondria disintegrate in the presence of severe hypoxia; this is a normal response which does not, per se, indicate generalized cell damage. Irreversible shock follows when appreciable numbers of the muscle mitochondria become non-functional. The ATP available from glycolysis is inadequate to resynthesize the mitochondrial apparatus and oxygen cannot be used by the damaged mitochondria to produce the needed ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. In the absence of adequate ATP, the tone of these peripheral vessels must fall, leading to irreversible systemic hypotension and death. In hemorrhagic shock, mitochondrial hypoxia of smooth muscle cells is produced by decreased perfusion of the vasa vasorum in the constricted peripheral vessels; in septic shock there is direct competition for oxygen between bacterial cytochromes and muscle mitochondria.

Published
1979

22. Cultivation requirements for , and other microbial and mammalian microaerophilic cells

Author

Kingsley M. Stevens

Subjects
Cell wall, Treponema, Low oxygen, Oxygen delivery, Microaerophile, In patient, General Medicine, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Isolation (microbiology), Mycobacterium leprae, Microbiology
Abstract

Atmospheric and biological evolution progressed simultaneously and today certain cell types flourish only at oxygen tensions which were ambient 600 million years ago, i.e., at 5 to 10 mm Hg. In man, a continuous oxygen flow at these pressures is supplied in the skin where Treponema pallidum , Mycobacterium leprae and members of the genus Rickettsia grow best. In vitro studies support the microaerophilic status of these organisms and of certain other microbial and mammalian cells. Vigorous growth in pure culture will await the development of techniques which can maintain these low oxygen tensions at the cell walls of the microbes as they replicate and consume increasing amounts of oxygen. Continuing failure to consistently isolate microbes from active lesions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus may reflect the universal absence of suitable methods for isolation of microaerophilic microbes.

Published
1979

23. Pain: Evolutionary background and primary stimulus

Author

Kingsley M. Stevens

Subjects
Hot Temperature, Chemoreceptor, integumentary system, Nociceptors, Pain, General Medicine, Stimulus (physiology), Biology, Biological Evolution, Oxygen tension, Oxygen, Major duodenal papilla, Pain stimulus, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, Anesthesia, medicine, Nociceptor, Animals, Humans, Wounds and Injuries, Terminal nerve, Free nerve ending, Skin
Abstract

The evolution of aerobic organisms required the development of oxygen sensors so the organism could avoid anoxic environments. In man these oxygen sensors are known as pain receptors. The skin pain receptor includes the epidermis and the dermal papilla with its capillary and terminal nerve. A pain stimulus such as a pin prick occludes blood flow into the papilla. The epidermal cells consume enough residual oxygen to produce a fall in oxygen tension at the nerve ending sufficient to cause the nerve to fire. The maximum time required for the oxygen drop is 0.04 seconds.

Published
1981

24. A PARTIAL MICROBIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF HYDROCORTISONE

Author

Kingsley M. Mann, Donald R. Colingsworth, John N. Karnemaat, Frederick R. Hanson, William J. Haines, and Mari P. Brunner

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Adrenal cortex, Adrenal cortex hormones, Chemistry, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, Streptomyces, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Molecular Biology, Hydrocortisone, medicine.drug
Published
1953

25. PHOSPHORIC ESTERS OF BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE

Author

Kingsley M. Mann and Henry A. Lardy

Subjects
Hexosephosphates, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, Phosphorus, chemistry.chemical_element, Cell Biology, Sorbose, Phosphate, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Nuclear chemistry
Published
1950

26. THE MECHANISM BY WHICH GLYCERALDEHYDE INHIBITS GLYCOLYSIS

Author

Henry A. Lardy, Kingsley M. Mann, and Virgil D. Wiebelhaus

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, biology, Biochemistry, chemistry, Glycogen, Mechanism (biology), Glyceraldehyde, biology.protein, Glycolysis, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Published
1950

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