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This review compared the efficacy and acceptability of different delivery formats for cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in insomnia. We searched five databases for randomized clinical trials that compared one CBT-I delivery format against another format or control conditions for insomnia in adults. We used pairwise meta-analyses and frequentist network meta-analyses with the random-effects model to synthesize data. A total of 61 unique trials including 11,571 participants compared six CBT-I delivery formats with four control conditions. At post-intervention, with low to high certainty evidence, individual, group, guided self-help, digital assisted, and unguided self-help CBT-I could significantly increase sleep efficiency and total sleep time (TST) and reduce sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and insomnia severity compared with treatment as usual (MD range for sleep efficiency: 7.81%-12.45%; MD range for TST: 16.14-33.96 min; MD range for SOL: -22.42 to -13.81 min; MD range for WASO: -40.84 to -19.48 min; MD range for insomnia severity: -6.40 to -3.93) and waitlist (MD range for sleep efficiency: 7.68%-12.32%; MD range for TST: 12.67-30.49 min; MD range for SOL: -19.07 to -10.46 min; MD range for WASO: -47.10 to -19.15 min; MD range for insomnia severity: -7.59 to -5.07). The effects of different CBT-I formats persisted at short-term follow-up (4 wk-6 mo). Individual, group, and digital assisted CBT-I delivery formats would be the more appropriate choices for insomnia in adults, based on post-intervention and short-term effects. Further trials are needed to investigate the long-term effects of different CBT-I formats.

How to achieve fast and efficient resource allocation is an important optimization problem of resource management in cloud data center. On one hand, in order to ensure the user experience of resource requesting, the system has to achieve fast resource allocation to timely process resource requests; on the other hand, in order to ensure the efficiency of resource allocation, how to allocate multi-dimensional resource requests to servers needs to be optimized, such that server's resource utilization can be improved. However, most of existing approaches focus on finding out the mapping of each specific resource request to each specific server. This makes the complexity of resource allocation problem increases with the size of data center. Thus, these approaches cannot achieve fast and efficient resource allocation for large-scale data center. To address this problem, we propose a pattern based resource allocation mechanism based on the following findings. In a real-world cloud environment, the resource requests are usually classified into limited types. Thus, the mechanism first utilizes this feature to generate pattern information, which indicates which types of resource requests are suitable to be allocated together to a server. Then, the mechanism uses the pattern information as guidelines to make fast resource allocation decision and fully utilize server's multidimensional resources. Simulation experiments based on real and synthetic traces have shown that our mechanism significantly improves system's resource utilization and reduces the overall number of used servers.

This contribution presents quasi-static tests of three modular prefabricated composite beam-column interior joints (MPCIJs), analyzing the strain distribution, ductility, energy consumption, strength, and stiffness degradation . Three finite element models were established by ABAQUS and compared with quasi-static test results to verify their correctness. The stress mechanism of different materials in MPCIJs was further analyzed. Results showed that the absolute value of the plastic drift ratio was 6.41–8.01% rad, the ductility coefficient was 3.50–4.50, and the equivalent viscous damping coefficient was 0.32–0.33. The overall degradation performance of MPCIJs strength and stiffness were relatively stable. MPCIJs achieved good seismic performance and large rotational deformation capacity. The stress (strain) in the joint module, consistent with the ‘diagonal compression bar’, was diagonally distributed. The high-stress connection bolt at the column end is located on both sides of the centerline along the direction of the beam length. The internal stress of concrete follows an antisymmetric distribution along the diagonal direction and diffuses outward at an angle of 45°.

We conduct a comparative analysis of two energy efficiency indicators for China: heating value energy intensity (HEI) and economic value energy intensity (MEI). We formulate 1997–2002–2007–2012 hybrid energy comparable sequence use tables in an input-output accounting framework, and compare the two indicators using a randomized block ANOVA. The results show that MEIs and HEIs have significantly different variability patterns among sectors and are evolutionarily divergent over time. The directional changes in MEI and HEI are found to be inconsistent at both the sectoral and national levels. A further analysis with a LMDI index decomposition model shows that the difference between HEI LMDI and HEI LMDI is principally caused by energy prices. Based on the evidence from the two indicators and their relationship to energy prices, we are unconvinced about China's purported improvements in energy efficiency in recent years.

The chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of the three different extracts (80% methanol, 80% ethanol, and 80% acetone) of Crateva unilocalaris Buch. shoots were investigated. Six phenolic compounds and seven saponins were characterized in all extracts. Chikusetsusaponin IVa had the highest content (17.92 to 29.16 mg/g), and chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound (10.48 to 13.99 mg/g). The acetone extract had the highest total phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin contents and the strongest antioxidant activity. Moreover, all extracts exhibited good effects on the inhibition of intracellular ROS generation in HepG2 cells. Phenolic compounds but not saponins contributed significantly to the DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging activity of C. unilocalaris shoots according to the results of DPPH•–UHPLC–HRMS and ABTS•+–UHPLC–HRMS analyses. These results may be helpful for further understandings and utilization of C. unilocalaris shoots as a potential natural source in the food or nutraceuticals industry.

This study investigated the influence of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on phenolic bioaccessibility, antioxidant activity, and enzyme inhibition of Prinsepia utilis Royle fruits. Gastric and intestinal digestion remarkably upgraded the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, whereas the total anthocyanin content increased after gastric digestion but declined after intestinal digestion. Nineteen phenolics were characterized in P. utilis fruits among which rutin had the highest content in undigested and intestinally digested samples. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside had the highest content in the gastrically digested sample. After digestion, fruit antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase were enhanced significantly (p