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9 results on '"Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)"'

1. Robust control strategy by the Sterile Insect Technique for reducing epidemiological risk in presence of vector migration

Author

Pierre-Alexandre Bliman, Yves Dumont, Modelling and Analysis for Medical and Biological Applications (MAMBA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), AMAP Lab [Saint-Pierre - La réunion], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], and This work is partially supported by the 'SIT feasibility project against Aedes albopictus in Reunion Island', TIS 2B (2020-2022), jointly funded by the French Ministry of Health and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). YD is (partially) supported by the DST/NRF SARChI Chair in Mathematical Models and Methods in Biosciences and Bioengineering at the University of Pretoria (Grant 82770). YD acknowledges the support of DST/NRF Incentive Grant (Grant 119898). PAB and YD acknowledge the support of the Franco-Columbian program ECOS-Nord (project C17M01), and of the program STIC AmSud (project 20-STIC-05 - NEMBICA). YD acknowledges the support of the Conseil Régional de la Réunion, the Conseil Départemental de la Réunion, the European Agricultural Fund for Rural De-velopment (EAFRD) and the Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD).

Subjects
Male, Statistics and Probability, Insecta, Mosquito Control, Mosquito Vectors, Organisme nuisible migrateur, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Méthode de lutte, Aedes, Animals, Humans, Infertility, Male, Migration rates, General Immunology and Microbiology, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Zika Virus Infection, Applied Mathematics, Sterile Insect Technique, Lâcher d'insectes stériles, Migration animale, Modèle de simulation, Zika Virus, General Medicine, Épidémiologie, Vecteur de maladie, Periodic impulsive control, Modeling and Simulation, Female, Critical release rate, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Open-loop and closedloop control
Abstract

International audience; The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is a promising technique to control mosquitoes, vectors of diseases, like dengue, chikungunya or Zika. However, its application in the field is not easy, and its success hinges upon several constraints, one of them being that the treated area must be sufficiently isolated to limit migration or re-invasion by mosquitoes from the outside. In this manuscript we study the impact of males and (fertile) females migration on SIT. We show that a critical release rate for sterile males exists for every migration level, in the context of continuous or periodic releases. In particular, when (fertile) females migration is sufficiently low, then SIT can be conducted successfully using either open-loop control or closed-loop control (or a combination of both methods) when regular measurements of the wild population are completed. Numerical simulations to illustrate our theoretical results are presented and discussed. Finally, we derive a threshold value for the females migration rate, when viruses are circulating, under which it is possible to lower the epidemiological risk in the treated area, according to the size of the human population.

Published
2022

2. Monitoring vegetation dynamics with open earth observation tools: the case of fire-modulated savanna to forest transitions in Central Africa

Author

Le Bienfaiteur Takougoum Sagang, Pierre Ploton, Gaëlle Viennois, Jean-Baptiste Féret, Bonaventure Sonké, Pierre Couteron, Nicolas Barbier, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] (IRAD), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, This work was financially supported by the Nachtigal Hydropower Company (Contract n. C006C007-DES-2017) under the environmental impact study associated to the construction of a hydroelectric dam on the Sanaga river in the Centre region of Cameroon. This study is also part of the 3DForMod project (ANR-17-EGAS-0002-01) funded by the framework of the JPI FACCE ERA-GAS call under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 696356). L.B.T.S. benefited from the 'Allocations de recherche pour une th`ese au Sud (ARTS)' grant program to fund research stays in France. J. B.F. acknowledges financial support from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (BioCop project-ANR-17-CE32-0001)., ANR-17-CE32-0001,BioCop,Suivi de la biodiversité tropicale avec les satellites Sentinel-2 du programme Copernicus(2017), and European Project: 3DForMod

Subjects
Aboveground biomass, Species assemblage, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Fire, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Forest-savanna transition, Computer Science Applications, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, UAV-LiDAR, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Computers in Earth Sciences, Google Earth Engine, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract

International audience; Woody encroachment and forest progression are widespread in forest-savanna transitional areas in Central Africa. Quantifying these dynamics and understanding their drivers at relevant spatial scales has long been a challenge. Recent progress in open access imagery sources with improved spatial, spectral and temporal resolution combined with cloud computing resources, and the advent of relatively cheap solutions to deploy laser sensors in the field, have transformed this domain of study. We present a study case in the Mpem & Djim National Park (MDNP), a 1,000 km2 protected area in the Centre region of Cameroon. Using open source algorithms in Google Earth Engine (GEE), we characterized vegetation dynamics and the fire regime based on Landsat multispectral imagery archive (1975–2020). Current species assemblages were estimated from Sentinel 2 imagery and the open source biodivMapR package, using spectral dissimilarity. Vegetation structure (aboveground biomass; AGB) was characterized using Unmanned Aerial vehicle (UAV) LiDAR scanning data sampled over the study area. Savanna vegetation, which was initially dominant in the MDNP, lost about 50% of its initial cover in

Published
2022

3. Sequence, assembly and count datasets of viruses associated to the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae) identified from transcriptomic high-throughput sequencing

Author

Franck Dorkeld, Réjane Streiff, Laure Sauné, Guillaume Castel, Mylène Ogliastro, Carole Kerdelhué, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), This research was funded by the French National Agency for Research (ANR, project GenoPheno, grant ANR-10-JCJC-1705) and by a support by INRAE, EFPA (ECODIV) department (projet innovant 2019 EVIL)., and ANR-10-JCJC-1705,GenoPheno,Génomique de la phénologie chez la processionnaire du pin, Thaumetopoea pityocampa(2010)

Subjects
Pine processionary moth, High-throughput sequencing, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Multidisciplinary, In silico virus identification, De novo assembly, Transcriptome, Phylogeny
Abstract

International audience; The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa is a Lepidopteran pest species occurring in the Western Mediterranean. It causes heavy pine defoliations and it is a public and animal health concern because of its urticating caterpillars. Very little is known about the viruses associated to this species, as only two viruses were described so far. We here present a dataset corresponding to 34 viral transcripts, among which 27 could be confidently assigned to 9 RNA and DNA viral families (Iflaviridae, Reoviridae, Partitiviridae, Permutotetraviridae, Flaviviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Parvoviridae, Baculoviridae and PolyDNAviridae). These transcripts were identified from an original transcriptome assembled for the insect host, using both blast search and phylogenetic approaches. The data were acquired from 2 populations in Portugal and 2 populations in Italy. The transcripts were de novo assembled and used to identify viral sequences by homology searches. We also provide information about the populations and life stages in which each virus was identified. The data produced will allow to enrich the virus taxonomy in Lepidopteran hosts, and to develop PCR-based diagnostic tools to screen colonies across the range and determine the distribution and prevalence of the identified viral species.

Published
2023

4. Population decline in a Pleistocene refugium: Stepwise, drought-related dieback of a South Australian eucalypt

Author

Gunnar Keppel, Udo Sarnow, Ed Biffin, Stefan Peters, Donna Fitzgerald, Evan Boutsalis, Michelle Waycott, Greg R. Guerin, Keppel, Gunnar, Sarnow, Udo, Biffin, Ed, Peters, Stefan, Fitzgerald, Donna, Boutsalis, Evan, Waycott, Michelle, Guerin, Greg R, University of South Australia [Adelaide], Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), State Herbarium of South Australia, and University of Adelaide

Subjects
heatwaves, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Environmental Engineering, solar radiation, aspect, population decline, Aspect, Population decline, Pollution, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, Tree mortality, Heatwaves, regeneration, Solar radiation, tree mortality, Regeneration, Environmental Chemistry, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract

International audience; Refugia can facilitate the persistence of species under long-term environmental change, but it is not clear if Pleistocene refugia will remain functional as anthropogenic climate change progresses. Dieback in populations restricted to refugia therefore raises concerns about their long-term persistence. Using repeat field surveys, we investigate dieback in an isolated population of Eucalyptus macrorhyncha during two droughts and discuss prospects for its continued persistence in a Pleistocene refugium. We first confirm that the Clare Valley in South Australia has constituted a long-term refugium for the species, with the population being genetically highly distinct from other conspecific populations. However, the population lost >40 % of individuals and biomass through the droughts, with mortality being just below 20 % after the Millennium Drought (2000–2009) and almost 25 % after the Big Dry (2017–2019). The best predictors of mortality differed after each drought. While north-facing aspect of a sampling location was significant positive predictor after both droughts, biomass density and slope were significant negative predictors only after the Millennium Drought, and distance to the north-west corner of the population, which intercepts hot, dry winds, was a significant positive predictor after the Big Dry only. This suggests that more marginal sites with low biomass and sites located on flat plateaus were more vulnerable initially, but that heat-stress was an important driver of dieback during the Big Dry. Therefore, the causative drivers of dieback may change during population decline. Regeneration occurred predominantly on southern and eastern aspects, which would receive the least solar radiation. While this refugial population is experiencing severe decline, some gullies with lower solar radiation appear to support relatively healthy, regenerating stands of red stringybark, providing hope for persistence in small pockets. Monitoring and managing these pockets during future droughts will be essential to ensure the persistence of this isolated and genetically unique population.

Published
2023

5. Risk assessment and recovery trajectories of a social-ecological system with a discrete-event model after a volcanic eruption

Author

M. Cosme, O. Bernardoff, C. Hély, C. Tiberi, F. Parat, S. Gautier, A. Treydte, G. Colombo, S. Ceppi, F. Pommereau, C. Gaucherel, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology [Arusha] (NM-AIST), Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, University of Hohenheim, Oikos East Africa, Arusha, P.O. Box 8342, Informatique, BioInformatique, Systèmes Complexes (IBISC), and Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-SC]Computer Science [cs]/Symbolic Computation [cs.SC], [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Social-ecological system, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Integrated model, Volcanic hazard, [INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO], Petri nets, Geology, Dynamical system, Building and Construction, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Safety Research
Abstract

International audience; A risk assessment for disasters is usually composed of hazard, vulnerability and exposure variables, which are hardly studied and modeled simultaneously. In volcanology, it remains ambitious to anticipate risk trajectories of pre- and post-eruption regimes. The interdependencies and feedback loops of the system's components, between geological, ecological, social and economic ones, give rise to trade-offs and synergies that should be disentangled for supporting decision-makers and helping local communities to face the risks. We developed here an innovative discrete-event and possibilistic model based on a dynamical network representation to assess volcanological multi-risk and long term post-eruption impacts of such a multifactorial system. We illustrated our method with the region around Mount Meru (Northern Tanzania), a strato-volcano with various eruption styles, located in a growing economic and touristic region (>1 M.inh.). We used qualitative and rule-based Petri nets, largely unused in environmental sciences, for an integrated assessment of the overall system dynamics and associated risks. As a central result, we showed that the region could recover from a blast eruption, irrespective of the timescale. Our study highlights the fact that agriculture and pastoralism remain key activities to favour the recovery of this region. Yet, as soon as subsidies from governmental and non-governmental organizations are lacking, the modeled region remains isolated from national and international activities and shifts to rural dynamics. Our case study can equip environmental risk assessment with innovative models, new dynamical indices (e.g. desirable and non-desirable trajectories), and rigorous reasoning for an ultimate integrated management of social-ecological systems at stake.

Published
2023

6. Effects of preseason training on body composition, running performance, biochemical markers and workload variation in professional rugby union players

Author

Xiaopan Hu, Noe Thierry Baba, Kilian Philippe, Danyang Jiang, Simon Boisbluche, Olivier Maurelli, Jacques Prioux, Department of Mathematics, East China Normal University, East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), University of Limerick (UL), Mouvement, Équilibre, Performance, Santé (MEPS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Ersha Sports Training Center of Guangdong Province, French Rugby Federation Vannes, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes), Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), and Université de Rennes (UR)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Blood sampling, GPS, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Positional difference, s-RPE, Yo-Yo test
Abstract

International audience; Few studies have examined the impact of a preseason training intervention through systematic measures in Pro D2 rugby union (RU). Therefore, this study aimed to describe the effects of 12 weeks of preseason training (three blocks) on body composition, running performance, biochemical markers, and workload (WL) variation in professional RU players. Physiological (physical and biochemical) responses to preseason WL were analyzed by examining changes in anthropometric characteristics, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) test, blood samples (BS), Hooper index (1–7), the 10-Hz global positioning system (GPS), and session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE) in nineteen elite male players. Changes throughout the preseason were analyzed using the one-way and mixed-model analysis of variance. Significant (p < 0.01) improvements occurred in anthropometry and Yo-Yo IR1 running performance in forwards and backs. Total distance (p < 0.01) and impact (p < 0.05) during the second block were meaningfully higher than the other two blocks, with backs showing higher values than forwards. As expected, WL decreased significantly (p < 0.01) during the last training block. The WL variations were correlated with changes in biochemical markers over the preseason period. The collected data can be used for i) profiling French Pro D2 rugby championships players, ii) establishing effective training strategies, and iii) setting preseason WL expectations.

Published
2023

7. Mediterranean Temporary Lagoon: Proposal for a definition of this endangered habitat to improve its conservation

Author

Mathilde Latron, Aubin Allies, Olivier Argagnon, Nadine Bosc, Karine Faure, Hugo Fontes, Patrick Grillas, James Molina, Rutger De Wit, Guillaume Papuga, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP)), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles, Agence de l'eau Rhône Méditérranée Corse, Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Habitat directive, Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, coastal lagoon, conservation, Conservation, Habitat Directive, Coastal lagoon, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, wetland, salt pan, Salt pan, Water Framework Directive, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Wetland, Water framework directive, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

International audience; Coastal lagoons have been recognised as a priority habitat for conservation and have benefited from several conservation plans. Under the Mediterranean climate, some of these lagoons might dry out during summer due to drought events. We propose the term Mediterranean Temporary Lagoons (MTLs) for these ephemeral water bodies and discuss their definition and characteristics. This term emerged in France among its coastal zone managers, who now commonly use it for conservation purposes. It is used in both natural systems as well as most artificial salt ponds in abandoned saltworks. In Europe, two directives have integrated lagoons as key targets to be preserved. Nonetheless, a certain discrepancy in the different definitions of lagoons has constrained joint actions. Indeed, while institutional definitions were originally derived from the scientific concept, their legislative and managerials meanings have been gradually modified and nowadays often differ from the original concept to create difficulties in the field. In addition, while it has been recommended to consider MTLs as a coastal lagoon habitat in the European Habitat Directive, its interpretation among EU member states is unsettled. Thus, clarifying lagoon habitats' terminology is required to ensure better management, monitoring and planning, and coordinate conservation actions. We discuss the inclusion of MTLs in habitat 1150 by confronting scientific and institutional literature and propose a new framework to better delimitate lagoon habitat around the Mediterranean basin, integrating MTLs. MTLs represent a specific habitat that hosts a pool of stenoecious macrophytes of conservation interest like Althenia filiformis, Riella helicophylla or Tolypella salina.

Published
2022

8. Benthic-pelagic coupling under juvenile oyster influence in a French Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Thau Lagoon)

Author

Élise Lacoste, Béatrice Bec, Patrik Le Gall, Fehmi Boufahja, Patrick Raimbault, Gregory Messiaen, Vincent Ouisse, Emmanuelle Roque d’Orbcastel, Dominique Munaron, Annie Fiandrino, Franck Lagarde, Sébastien Mas, Myriam Callier, Nabila Gaertner-Mazouni, Marion Richard, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire Service d' Experimentations Aquacoles [Palavas les Flots] (LSEA MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre d'Ecologie marine expérimentale (MEDIMEER), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de REcherche Méditerranéen de l'Environnement (OSU OREME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Station IFREMER de Palavas-les-Flots, Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)

Subjects
Shellfish farming, Benthic fluxes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, fungi, Phytoplankton, Biodeposition, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Aquatic Science, Coastal lagoon, Oceanography, geographic locations
Abstract

International audience; The aim of the present work was to test the influence of juvenile oyster culture on benthic-pelagic coupling in the French Mediterranean Thau Lagoon. Although the period of juvenile growth induces the introduction of millions of juvenile oysters in the lagoon over a short duration, the effects on the water-column and on the benthic ecosystem are poorly known. Using a multiple ecological approach, water column parameters, sedimentation rates, sediment characteristics and benthic fluxes were monitored on three occasions during the oyster pre-growth period, from October to December, at two sites inside the farming area and two sites outside the farming area that served as reference. In the water column, results showed a significant lower ratio between total phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a) and degraded pigments (pheopigment), a significant increase in the contribution of phytoplankton containing chlorophyll-b (ie chlorophytes) to total phytoplankton biomass and a significant decrease in the contribution of phytoplankton containing chlorophyll-c (mainly diatoms) to the total phytoplankton biomass at farm sites, attributed to the grazing pressure caused by juvenile oysters on large particles, as described for adult oysters. No significant effect was observed at the benthic interface during this period, due to the dispersion of the small quantities of biodeposit produced by juveniles in the low water temperature conditions. A multivariate approach supported the effect of juvenile oysters on the water column and revealed a trend in benthic conditions with farm sites being distinct from the reference ones. The long farming history of the lagoon could have shaped sediment properties such that farming areas maintain different benthic conditions.

Published
2022

9. Risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in Antarctic wildlife

Author

Ralph Eric Thijl Vanstreels, Meagan Dewar, Gary Miller, Michelle L. Power, Rachel Gray, Virginia Morandini, Julia Inés Diaz, Arvind Vansani, Wray Grimaldi, Thierry Boulinier, Daniel González-Acuña, Amandine Gamble, Andrés Barbosa, Clive R. McMahon, Michelle Wille, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), National Science Foundation (US), National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (Australia), University of Tasmania, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Instituto Antártico Chileno, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), School of Life Sciences [Tempe, USA], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), School of Health and Life Sciences [Churchill, VIC, Australia], Federation University Australia, Universidad de Concepción, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Oregon State University (OSU), Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Federation University [Churchill, Australia], Universidad de Concepción [Chile], The University of Sydney, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Macquarie University [Sydney], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], and University of California (UC)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, viruses, CORONAVIRUS, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Zoonoses, Mitigation measures, Pandemic, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Coronavirus, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, virus diseases, REVERSE ZOONOSES, Pollution, virology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Risk assessment, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Environmental Engineering, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), TRANSMISSION, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Wildlife, Antarctic Regions, Biology, Risk Assessment, Article, Ciencias Biológicas, Political science, medicine, Animals, Humans, Transmission, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, MITIGATION MEASURES, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, SARS-CoV-2, fungi, COVID-19, Ecología, Virology, 13. Climate action, Reverse zoonoses, Antarctica, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Virología, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Demography
Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pathogen has spread rapidly across the world, causing high numbers of deaths and significant social and economic impacts. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus with a suggested zoonotic origin with the potential for cross-species transmission among animals. Antarctica can be considered the only continent free of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, concerns have been expressed regarding the potential human introduction of this virus to the continent through the activities of research or tourism to minimise the effects on human health, and the potential for virus transmission to Antarctic wildlife. We assess the reverse-zoonotic transmission risk to Antarctic wildlife by considering the available information on host susceptibility, dynamics of the infection in humans, and contact interactions between humans and Antarctic wildlife. The environmental conditions in Antarctica seem to be favourable for the virus stability. Indoor spaces such as those at research stations, research vessels or tourist cruise ships could allow for more transmission among humans and depending on their movements between different locations the virus could be spread across the continent. Among Antarctic wildlife previous in silico analyses suggested that cetaceans are at greater risk of infection whereas seals and birds appear to be at a low infection risk. However, caution needed until further research is carried out and consequently, the precautionary principle should be applied. Field researchers handling animals are identified as the human group posing the highest risk of transmission to animals while tourists and other personnel pose a significant risk only when in close proximity (< 5 m) to Antarctic fauna. We highlight measures to reduce the risk as well as identify of knowledge gaps related to this issue., Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image, Highlights • Conditions in Antarctica could be favourable for SARS-CoV-2 stability. • In silico analyses revealed that Cetaceans have a higher susceptibility to the virus. • Seals and birds seem to have a lower risk of infection. • Wildlife researchers have the highest risk of transmission to Antarctic fauna. • Tourists can be potential vectors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission to Antarctic fauna.

Published
2021

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