1. Paper-based electroanalytical strip for user-friendly blood glutathione detection
- Author
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Valeria Manovella, Stefano Cinti, Danila Moscone, Fabiana Arduini, Nicolò Interino, Maria Rita Tomei, Tomei, M. R., Cinti, S., Interino, N., Manovella, V., Moscone, D., and Arduini, F.
- Subjects
Blood, Reagent-free, Screen-printed electrodes, Self-care, Wax printing ,Materials science ,Screen-printed electrodes ,02 engineering and technology ,Overpotential ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Conductive ink ,Materials Chemistry ,Settore CHIM/01 - Chimica Analitica ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Process engineering ,Instrumentation ,Detection limit ,Reagent-free ,Prussian blue ,Nanocomposite ,Filter paper ,business.industry ,Metals and Alloys ,Repeatability ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Blood ,chemistry ,Screen-printed electrode ,Self-care ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Sensitivity (electronics) ,Wax printing - Abstract
Paper-based devices are always more gaining a relevant position in the field of sensors. The continuous demand for affordable, simple, sustainable, and portable devices, is making paper as the ideal basis towards the realization of analytical tools for the easy self-testing. In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, the development of a disposable paper-based printed electroanalytical strip for reliable, rapid, and high-throughput detection of glutathione in blood. The detection is based on the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction, which produces a detectable compound easily oxidizable at a Prussian Blue/carbon black nanocomposite involving a favorable low-interference overpotential. This nanocomposite is mixed within a carbon-based conductive ink and successively screen-printed onto a wax-patterned filter paper. The employment of paper provides a reagent-free device, as a consequence of the reagents pre-loading within the testing area. After the experimental conditions have been optimized, glutathione has been detected up to 10 mM, with a detection limit of 60 μM, and a sensitivity of (0.102 ± 0.005) μA/mM. This sensor showed satisfactory repeatability (relative standard deviation equal to 10%, for detection of glutathione 1 mM), especially by considering the hand-made manufacturing process. The “real-world” applicability of this strip has been evaluated by quantifying blood glutathione at physiological levels and by recovery studies achieving satisfactory values.
- Published
- 2019