1. Vitiligo: advances in pathophysiology research and treatment development.
- Author
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Mukhatayev, Zhussipbek and Le Poole, I. Caroline
- Subjects
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REGULATORY T cells , *IMMUNOLOGIC memory , *T cells , *CELL migration , *DENDRITIC cells , *VITILIGO , *DRAMA therapy - Abstract
In vitiligo, CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ production drive disease activity, representing potential targets to control depigmentation. The persistence of resident memory T cells (T RMs) in patient skin causes relapses, highlighting the significance of IL-15-targeted management strategies. Future treatment avenues potentially involve pairing oral JAK inhibitors with phototherapy and repurposing medications such as metformin and rapamycin for managing vitiligo. Local targeting of Janus kinase activity mitigates inflammation to halt CD8+ T cell activity, and nucleotide-based treatments serve as a viable option for skin conditions. IL-2 mutein preferentially targets Tregs to enhance their activity and proliferation and manage depigmentation. The autoimmune condition vitiligo, characterized by skin depigmentation, presents challenges for effective treatment design, with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and other repurposed drugs offering a promising strategy for symptom management. This review explores advantages and shortcomings of current therapies, while presenting the urgent need for further innovative approaches. We emphasize the growing understanding of autoimmune involvement in vitiligo, highlighting several novel treatment avenues including relieving melanocyte stress, preventing dendritic cell activation, halting T cell migration, and suppressing inflammation and autoimmunity. Integrating psychodrama therapy to remediate stress alongside medical interventions marks a holistic approach to enhance patient well-being. The molecular underpinnings of vitiligo care are covered, emphasizing exciting advances revolutionizing vitiligo treatment and improving the quality of life for affected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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