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The preparation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) represents a promising strategy for addressing the solubility limitations of poorly soluble drugs, facilitating enhanced oral absorption. Acidic polymers such as cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) have emerged as effective carriers for ASDs. Although the hydrolytic degradation of these polymers has been documented, its impact on the stability of ASDs has not been systematically investigated. This research aimed to explore the potential hydrolysis of CAP and HPMCP and how it influences the stability of ASDs containing ketoconazole (KTZ), at drug loadings of 10 % and 50 %. Our study utilized thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and evaluations of physical and chemical stability. The results revealed that although KTZ remained physically stable in all ASDs over 60 days under various stability conditions, the emergence of crystalline phthalic acid (PA), a byproduct of polymer hydrolysis, was observed at elevated temperatures and relative humidity levels. The acidic microenvironment fostered by the release of PA further catalyzed drug chemical degradation. This study underscores the susceptibility of CAP and HPMCP to hydrolytic degradation, highlighting the inherent risk of PA-induced drug degradation, particularly for acid-labile compounds. These insights into the understanding of polymer hydrolysis in ASDs pave the way for the development of targeted approaches to safeguard drug stability and optimize pharmaceutical formulations for enhanced bioavailability, efficacy, and safety. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a potent nitroreductase enzyme was successfully identified and engineered, which was then employed in an efficient and environmentally friendly chemo-bio nitroreduction process to synthesize 3-amino phthalic acid from 3-nitro phthalic acid. The wild-type nitroreductase from Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS 571 (Ac NTR) demonstrated robust catalytic activity. Through error-prone PCR mutagenesis, a mutant variant (Q40R/K267R) was generated, which exhibited a 3.1-fold increase in catalytic efficiency. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the mutations at positions R40 and R267 altered the electrostatic properties of the enzyme's surface, modifying the conformation of the active pocket entrance and thereby enhancing catalytic performance. Additionally, when the mutant Q40R/K267R was combined with divanadium pentaoxide (V 2 O 5), the accumulation of 3-hydroxyamino phthalic acid during the biotransformation process was effectively prevented. Under optimized reaction conditions, a 90.0 % conversion rate was achieved, transforming 100 g/L of 3-nitro phthalic acid into 3-amino phthalic acid in just 12 h. These findings highlight the significant potential of biocatalytic processes for large-scale synthesis applications. [Display omitted] • A nitroreductase from Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS 571 was selected after screening. • Mutant Q40R/K267R with 3.1-fold of activity was identified using epPCR mutagenesis. • Structural modeling and molecular docking unveil structural properties of Q40R/K267R. • Q40R/K267R-V 2 O 5 reduces 100 g/L 3-nitro phthalic acid to 3-amino phthalic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing organic ligands into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is an effective method for preparing defective MOFs. This approach enables the fabrication of cost-effective, efficient, highly conductive, and richly active-site electrocatalysts. Herein, the defective NiMOF is synthesized via a straightforward one-pot solvothermal method by partially substituting phthalic acid (PTA) ligands with acetic acid (HOAc), which effectively regulates the micro-morphology and electronic structure of the NiMOF nanoflowers, thus creating abundant electrochemical active sites, significantly improving electronic conductivity and promoting rapid charge transfer. The resulting DE-NiMOF-0.5 nanoflowers, prepared with HOAc substitution, demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential is 188 mV (Tafel slope of 175 mV dec−1), while the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential is 205 mV (Tafel slope of 37 mV dec−1). The introduction of acetic acid ligands in DE-NiMOF-0.5 not only constructs the ligand defects within the catalyst, but also increases the abundant active sites, enhancing the hydrophilicity of the catalyst and facilitating electronic transfer between the catalyst surface and the electrolyte. This study explores a strategy for preparing defective MOF catalysts through introducing modulators, providing an economically viable material pathway for electrocatalysis and opening new possibilities for designing and synthesizing efficient electrocatalysts in future research endeavors. This study introduces DE-NiMOF-0.5, a defect-rich nickel-based metal-organic framework modified with acetic acid, enhancing its electrocatalytic performance. DE-NiMOF-0.5 achieves low overpotentials of 188 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 205 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻2. It also demonstrates significant electrochemical stability and sustained performance during long-term cycling, making it suitable for prolonged use in alkaline water electrolysis systems. This research highlights the potential of defect engineering in MOFs for achieving cost-effective and superior hydrogen production. [Display omitted] • Ligand defects can be produced by introducing acetic acid ligand. • DE-NiMOF shows overpotentials of 188 mV (HER) and 205 mV (OER) at 10 mA cm⁻2. • The catalyst showed remarkable electrochemical stability and sustained performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated the impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation on apricot kernel oil extraction and the resulting quality characteristics of the oil. The seed kernels underwent physicochemical and antioxidant studies after being separated, gelatinized, and fermented. The results revealed 43.6 % of oil yield by fermentation. The extracted oil had a lower acid value (3.74 mg KOH/g), and peroxide value (4.25 meq/kg). The investigation of additional oil properties was included, like iodine value (100.26 mg KOH/g), saponification value (190.5 mg KOH/g), specific gravity (0.919), viscosity (4.62), moisture content (0.592 %), and refractive index (1.4836), which signifies optimum physicochemical parameters of oil. As per the FTIR data, some distinct functional groups like C-H stretch and C O, C C, CH3, OH, and R-O-R esters were found in the extracted oil. The oil's fatty acid composition, with 50.47 % saturated, 22.23 % mono-unsaturated, and 35.13 % polyunsaturated fatty acids, enhances stability, oxidative resistance, and nutritional value, justifying its favorable physicochemical properties. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the oil showed to have good antioxidant activity. Metabolic modeling of S. cerevisiae provided information about compounds received after fermentation. Hence, it can be concluded that fermentation is a suitable approach to extract apricot seed kernel oil with beneficial properties. [Display omitted] • Apricot seed kernel is a good source of oil, we can use it for multiple purposes. • Saccharomyces cerevisiae -based fermentation, we can get 43.6 % of oil. • Different beneficial fatty acids were obtained from this oil: Caprylic, Lauric, Margaric, Paullinic, Phthalic acid, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LDH@ZIF-8 composite has been synthesized via in-situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) on Zn/Al hydrotalcite. The morphology and composition of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and N2 adsorption-desorption technics. The adsorption performances of LDH@ZIF-8 sample for phthalic acid were investigated. The results show that the adsorption capacity of LDH@ZIF-8 could be as high as 508.72 mg/g at 20°C, C0 = 100 mg/g. The adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were well described by Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation, respectively. In addition, recycling experiments revealed that the behavior of LDH@ZIF-8 is maintained after recycling for at least three times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance is a global concern due to the ability of bacteria to continuously develop various mechanisms of resistance against diverse antimicrobial classes; therefore, there is a critical prerequisite to discover diverse antibiotics with novel chemical structures and unique mechanisms of action. The research work aimed to investigate the detailed antibacterial activity and phytochemical characterization of the methanolic extract of Pistacia integerrima galls. Antibacterial properties were analyzed through the well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined through the broth dilution method. MIC of Pistacia integerrima extract (PIE) was found to be 10 mg/mL against both E. coli and S. aureus. Biofilm inhibition was determined by the crystal violet method where PIE demonstrated significant inhibition of biofilms. In the presence of PIE, TEM demonstrated morphological changes in both strains. A total of 17 metabolites were identified through GC-MS analysis with most of the compounds exhibiting antibacterial properties, HPTLC shows the presence of the important metabolite quercetin. Furthermore, virtual ligand screening revealed quercetin and phthalic acid as the most medicinally active constituents and potential inhibitors of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Further research into PIE's bioactive compounds could lead to the development of new antibacterial compounds. [Display omitted] • Pistacia integerrima extract shows antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. • GC-MS analysis revealed that the presence of antibacterial phytoconstituents. • The study identified Quercetin as the main antibacterial compound. • Antibacterial mechanism was determined by transmission electron microscopy. • Quercetin and phthalic acid inhibits target proteins determined by In silico analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered-structure V 2 O 5 has attracted extensive research attention as an ideal electrode material for lithium batteries and gas sensors, among others. In this study, we investigated the effects of Li+ and Eu3+ single- and co-doping on the electronic structure, optical properties, and pollutant-photodegradation efficiency of V 2 O 5. All the samples were fabricated by a simple one-step hydrothermal method using NH 4 VO 3 and phthalic acid as precursors. Pure and Eu3+-doped V 2 O 5 developed into short, thick nanorods, while, Li+/Eu3+-co-doped V 2 O 5 crystallized into ultralong nanowires. Furthermore, Li+ and Eu3+ doping significantly increased the ability of V 2 O 5 to photodegrade Rhodamine B in solution. In order to elucidate the mechanism of this photochemical enhancement, the multivalence of V, charge dispersion characteristics, luminescence, and carrier lifetime were measured. The improved photocatalysis of Li+/Eu3+-co-doped V 2 O 5 was found to be related to its increased specific surface area, multivalent V4+/5+ ions, prolonged charge lifetime, and accelerated charge dispersion. Experimental results showed that Eu3+ and Li + ions are present in the interlayers of V 4 O 5 as pillars. Thus, co-doping represents a viable strategy to improve the photochemical properties of layered V 2 O 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poor stability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) limits their practical applications in many fields. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) has been widely studied as an enzyme immobilization carrier. In this paper, the stability of ZIF-8-immobilized lipase in methanolysis for biodiesel production was studied. Fatty acids as conventional substances involved in lipase-mediated natural acylation were found to destroy the structure of ZIF-8 through ligand exchange mechanism. A new MOF was successfully constructed by using phthalic acid (pKa much smaller than 2-methylimidazole) as the exchange ligand. This novel MOF (abbreviated as LeZIF-8-PA X, X represents reaction hours) had dual stability in water and even in pure oleic acid. Lipase immobilized on LeZIF-8-PA 0.5 showed higher specific activity. FTIR analysis showed that enzyme molecule immobilized on Le-ZIF-8-PA 0.5 had higher conformational flexibility than that with ZIF-8 as the carrier. When applied to methanolysis for biodiesel production, ET 2.0/LeZIF-8-PA 0.5 maintained intact morphology while ET 2.0/ZIF-8 almost lost its original morphology, with enzyme activity of 81.5% and 60.2% retained respectively after 5 batch reactions. This work is anticipated to provide new ideas for constructing stable MOFs and promoting the application of MOFs-immobilized enzymes in many chemical and pharmaceutical industrial processes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy-saving and efficient monolithic catalysts are hotspots of catalytic purification of industrial gaseous pollutants. Here, we have developed an electrothermal catalytic mode, in which the ignition temperature required for the reaction is provided by Joule heat generated when the current flows through the catalyst. In this paper, Mn/NiAl/NF, Mn/NiFe/NF and Mn/NF metal-based monolithic catalysts were prepared using nickel foam (NF) as the carrier for thermal and electrothermal catalysis of n -heptane. The results indicated that Mn-based monolithic catalysts exhibit high activity in thermal and electrothermal catalysis. Mn/NiFe/NF achieve conversion of n -heptane more than 99% in electrothermal catalysis under a direct-current (DC) power of 6 W, and energy-saving is 54% compared with thermal catalysis. In addition, the results indicated that the introduction of NiAl (or NiFe) greatly enhanced the catalytic activity of Mn/NF, which attributed to the higher specific surface area, Mn3+/Mn4+, Ni3+/Ni2+, adsorbed oxygen species (O ads)/lattice oxygen species (O latt), redox performance of the catalyst. Electrothermal catalytic activity was significantly higher than thermal catalytic activity before complete conversion, which may be related to electronic effects. Besides, Mn/NiFe/NF has good cyclic and long-term stability in electrothermal catalysis. This paper provided a theoretical basis for applying electrothermal catalysis in the field of VOCs elimination. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An extract from Fomitopsis pinicola has been obtained. • The extract was added in to an 0.5 M Sulfuric acid solution. • 1018 carbon steel was corroded in the above solution. • Gravimetric and electrochemical tests were performed. • Theoretical quantum chemistry calculations were carried out. In this work, the methanolic extract of Fomitopsis pinicola has been evaluated as a green corrosion inhibitor for the dissolution of 1018 carbon steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid. For this, gravimetric tests and electrochemical methods such as potentiodynamic polarization curves, linear polarization resistance (LPR) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used. These tests were aided with Infrared and GC–MS analytical techniques. In addition to this, theoretical calculation with the use of the density functional theory (DFT) technique has been used to correlate the electronic extract properties and its inhibitory capacity. Weight loss results have shown an inhibitor efficiency of 85 % with the addition of 400 ppm. Thermodynamic parameters have shown that Fomitopsis pinicola extract is physically adsorbed onto the steel following a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that the extract behaves as a mixed type of corrosion inhibitor inducing the formation of a protective film onto the steel surface. In the presence of the Fomitopsis pinicola extract, a more resistive film obtained the highest polarization resistance value when 400 ppm of extract was used. In addition to this, as the concentration of the extract increased the charge transfer resistance and the double electrochemical layer capacitance decreased. GC–MS results indicated that main compounds contained in the Fomitopsis pinicola extract were Dehydrergosterol, Hydrazino-acetic acid ethyl ester, and Phthalic acid, di (2-propylpentyl) ester, whereas theoretical calculations showed that the highest E HOMO and lowest E LUMO values correspond to Dehydrergosterol and the Phthalic acid, which are the responsible for the extract inhibitory properties. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic NO reduction reaction (e NORR) is an attractive strategy for both NO pollutant treatment and its conversion into ammonia. Here, we reported the bimetallic face-centered cubic crystals (CuCe-MOFs) formed by the coordination of copper cations and cerium cations with phthalic acid ligands as efficient e NORR catalysts. The Cu 9 Ce 1 -MOFs electrode with a Cu: Ce ratio of 9:1 exhibited the excellent e NORR performance in 0.1 M K 2 SO 4 electrolyte, with the highest NH 3 yield of 5919.15 μg·h−1·mg−1 at −0.8 V and a Faraday efficiency of 68.67 %. The Zn-NO batteries assembled by Cu 9 Ce 1 -MOFs and Zn plates showed a power density of 1.88 mW·cm−2 and a maximum NH 3 yield of 3205.82 μg·h−1·mg−1. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed the reaction pathway of *NO → *NOH → *N → *NH → *NH 2 → *NH 3. • A bimetallic CuCe Metal organic frameworks was prepared and applied for eNORR. • A high NH 3 yield of 5919.15 μg·h−1·mg−1 was obtained in H-type cell. • The Zn-NO battery provided NH 3 yield of 3205.82 μg·h−1·mg−1 and power density of 1.88 mW·cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetracycline (TC) is frequently utilized as additives in animal feed. The misuse can lead to the residue in food and threaten human health. A ratiometric fluorescence method for tetracycline detection is developed based on Zinc-based metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF) materials. A series of Zn-MOFs are synthesized with phthalic acid derivatives as ligand, and their luminescence properties and interaction with tetracycline are investigated. Thereinto, Zn-BDC-OH MOF synthesized with 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid (BDC-OH) as ligand exhibits sensitive fluorescence response to tetracycline. The blue fluorescence of Zn-BDC-OH at 434 nm is quenched by tetracycline due to inner filter effect (IFE), and the green fluorescence of TC at 531 nm is enhanced because of coordination with Zn2+. The fluorescence intensity ratio I 531 /I 434 shows a linear relationship with TC concentration in the range of 0.10–40.0 μM with a limit of detection at 79 nM. The fluorescence colors of Zn-BDC-OH MOF change from blue to cyan to green accompanying with increasing TC concentration, which enables the visual and semi-quantitative detection of tetracycline by naked eyes. Moreover, combined with a smartphone, the RGB value of the fluorescence color can be further identified. The ratio (G/B) of green channel to blue channel shows a linear relationship with the TC concentration in the range of 0.25–25.0 μM with a limit of detection at 0.2 μM. Afterwards, Zn-BDC-OH MOF is successfully applied to detect tetracycline in honey, and the results are consistent with those obtained from chromatography. The established method exhibits great potential for field visualization and rapid detection of tetracycline. [Display omitted] • Seven kinds of Zn-MOFs are synthesized with phthalic acids containing different substituents as ligands. • TC quenches 434 nm fluorescence of Zn-BDC-OH which enhances 531 nm fluorescence of TC. • Fluorescence color of Zn-BDC-OH changes from blue to cyan to green with TC at vary concentrations. • Zn-BDC-OH is successfully used for visual ratiometric fluorescence detection of TC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two novel coordination polymers 1 and 2 were synthesized, 1 exhibited a two-dimensional (2D) layered structures; 2 exhibited a three-dimensional (3D) spatial configuration. • Both 1 and 2 have selective catalytic degradation performance for different dyes. In this work, two novel coordination polymers [Co 3 (L) 2 (mida) 3 ] n (1) and [Co 3 (L) 2 (bimb) 3 ] n (2) have been synthesized using a semi-rigid tricarboxylic acid ligand (H 3 L: 3-[(1-carbox-ynaphthalen-2-yl)oxy] phthalic acid) and two nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ligands (mida: [1, 4-bis (1H-imidazol-1-yl) benzene] and bimb: {1-[4-(2H-1λ4-imidazol-1-yl) methyl]benzyl}-1H-imidazole). The results of single crystal X-ray diffraction show that the Co-based coordination polymer 1 have a two-dimensional (2D) layered structure, while the coordination polymer 2 presents a three-dimensional (3D) spatial configuration. In addition, the coordination polymers 1 and 2 exihit better selectively catalytic degradation performances of dyes, indicating that Co-based coordination polymers have potential application values in dye degradation. In this work, two novel coordination polymers [Co 3 (L) 2 (mida) 3 ] n (1) and [Co 3 (L) 2 (bimb) 3 ] n (2) have been synthesized using a semi-rigid tricarboxylic acid ligand (H 3 L: 3-[(1-carbox-ynaphthalen-2-yl)oxy] phthalic acid) and two nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ligands (mida: [1, 4-bis (1H-imidazol-1-yl) benzene] and bimb: {1-[4-(2H-1λ4-imidazol-1-yl) methyl]benzyl}-1H-imidazole). The results of single crystal X-ray diffraction show that the Co-based coordination polymer 1 have a two-dimensional (2D) layered structure, while the coordination polymer 2 presents a three-dimensional (3D) spatial configuration. In addition, the coordination polymers 1 and 2 exihit better selectively catalytic degradation performances of dyes, indicating that Co-based coordination polymers have potential application values in dye degradation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Continuous and efficient gas–solid phase reaction for PAEs degradation. • CuO@Hol-HZSM-5 catalyst with cracking-oxidation bifunctionality. • High DEHP conversion of 99.28% and CO 2 selectivity of 98.79%. • Broad scope of phthalate esters for tandem cracking-oxidation reaction. • Pilot-scale oxypyrolysis equipment run at low energy consumption. Gaseous phthalate ester (PAEs) pollutants pose a significantly high risk of environmental exposure and present a serious threat to human health. We developed the CuO@Hol-HZSM-5 catalyst with spatially isolated cracking-oxidation dual active sites for the oxypyrolysis treatment of di(2-ethylhexyl)/dioctyl/dibutyl phthalates (DEHP, DOP, DBP). DOP is an isomer of DEHP, and both of them exhibit the conversion and CO 2 selectivity of ca. 99 % at 375 ℃ and 20000 h−1. DBP with smaller molecular size achieves comparable conversion and CO 2 selectivity even at a low temperature 350 °C and high space velocity 30000 h−1. DFT studies, in-situ DRIFTS and GC–MS reveal the synergy of Brønsted acid sites and oxidation active sites for the DEHP decomposition. The reaction process is initiated by protonic acid-catalyzed hydrolysis over the CuO@Hol-HZSM-5 surface, yielding phthalic acid and 2-ethylhexanol as key intermediates. 2-Ethylhexanol undergoes a protonic acid-catalyzed tandem dehydration-β-scission reaction, generating low-molecular-weight alkenes such as ethylene and propylene. Low-molecular-weight alkenes and benzene from direct decarboxylation of phthalic acid or hydration-decarboxylation of phthalic anhydride are then converted to CO 2 and H 2 O over CuO nanoparticles. Pilot-scale equipment was developed for the oxypyrolysis treatment of DEHP desorption gas. The exothermic energy from the cracking-oxidation reaction is re-utilized via an integrated heat exchanger to preheat the fresh air for thermal desorption. The COD of the outlet condensates was 26.86–45.96 mg/L, which is below the national wastewater discharge standards. The operation cost of the thermal desorption-oxypyrolysis process is €16.77/ton sorbent , which outperforms the traditional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• UiO-66-NH 2 undergoes photodegradation in the presence of blue or ultraviolet light. • The photodegradation rate is greatly enhanced in the presence of humidity. • Degradation mechanism found to be broken linkers between the BDC and Zr clusters. • Application of UiO-66-NH 2 will require consideration of environmental controls. The Zr-based metal-organic framework UiO-66-NH 2 has been investigated to study the effects of ultraviolet and visible light exposure under dry air and humid environments. Significant impedance and color changes in the material due to ultraviolet and blue light have been observed. These changes happen more rapidly and grow larger in total cumulative magnitude as the atmospheric humidity increases. Samples placed in darkness or in the presence of light with lower energy than blue (450 nm) light showed no discoloration or degradation, regardless of humidity. Impedance data modeling suggests that humidity increases the ionic conductivity of the material and that the degradation occurs at grain boundaries, to a depth that increases with humidity. Nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicate that degradation in samples exposed to light are due to broken linkers between the benzenedicarboxylic acid and Zr clusters. Distribution Statement A. Approved for Public Release. Distribution Unlimited. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) have been considered as excellent luminescent tools for sensitive optical imaging. However, the persistent luminescence (PL) properties of PLNPs are usually suppressed due to severe surface quenching caused by nanoscale size. Despite considerable efforts, the understanding of surface quenching mechanisms remains a challenge. Here we report a surface ligand coordination method to enhance the PL properties of ZnGa 2 O 4 :Al,Cr (ZGO:AC) PLNPs. ZGO:AC PLNPs coated with organic ligands containing carboxyl groups show enhanced PL intensity and prolonged decay time. Among the six ligands, the phthalic acid (PA) ligands yielded the largest luminescence enhancement effect, on which the PL intensity and decay time increased 3 and 2 times compared with ligand-free ZGO:AC PLNPs, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and detailed characterizations demonstrated that surface quenching is suppressed due to the coordination of non-saturated Ga ions and -COO- of ligands. Finally, ZGO:AC@PA PLNPs were applied in autofluorescence-free bioimaging and exhibited high imaging sensitivity and contrast ratio. These findings provide insights into the surface quenching mechanisms of PLNPs and offer a platform for developing highly emissive PLNPs on nanoscale. • A surface ligand coordination strategy was developed to enhance the persistent luminescence. • Surface quenching of PLNPs is suppressed through the coordination of non-saturated Ga ions and –COO– of ligands. • The phthalic acid ligand coordination yielded the largest luminescence enhancement effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoranthene poses a significant environmental threat due to its persistence and toxicity. The Laccases from Trichoderma lixii FLU1 (Tl FLU1L) and Talaromyces pinophilus FLU12 (Tp FLU12L) are shown to act as biocatalysts for fluoranthene degradation. 3 U/mL of Tl FLU1L and Tp FLU12L reduced residual fluoranthene concentration to 49.5 ± 8.68 and 61.0 ± 5.66 %, while 10U/mL to 19.2 ± 5.95 and 28.7 ± 1.25 %, respectively, in 96 h. Mixing 200 μM ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) with 3 U/mL enzyme in the reaction abolished 100 % residual fluoranthene within 48 h. Tl FLU1L and Tp FLU12L exhibited almost similar v max (1.35 ± 0.02 and 1.29 ± 0.15 mg/L/h, respectively), but Tl FLU1L showed a lower K m as compared to Tp FLU12L (119.2 ± 0.02 and 170.8 ± 0.15 mg/L, respectively). ABTS significantly increased v max to 7.73 ± 0.23 and 7.97 ± 0.28 mg/L/h, and decreased K m to 54.8 ± 0.27 and 26.6 ± 0.21 mg/L for Tl FLU1L and Tp FLU12L, respectively. GC-MS analysis revealed that Tl FLU1L generated metabolites 9-oxo-fluorene-1-carboxylic acid, 9H-fluoren-9-one, and phthalic acid while Tp FLU12L produced 9,10-phenanthrenedione and benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid. Ecotoxicity and cytotoxicity analysis of Tl FLU1L and Tp FLU12L degradation products in the presence of the mediator (ABTS) are found to be non-toxic towards marine bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and HT22 cells. Thus, the study underscores the promising potential of Tl FLU1L and Tp FLU12L, particularly in conjunction with mediator (ABTS), for environment friendly and efficient bioremediation of fluoranthene-contaminated environments. • Laccases from Tl FLU1 and Tp FLU12 efficiently bio-catalyses Fluoranthene. • Mediator (ABTS) enhances Laccases efficiency for substrate Fluoranthene. • ABTS reduces K m and enhance v max of Tl FLU1L and Tp FLU12L for Fluoranthene. • Tl FLU1L generated 9-oxo-fluorene-1-carboxylic acid, 9H-fluoren-9-one, and phthalic acid. • Tp FLU12L produced 9,10-phenanthrenedione and benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid. • Tl FLU1L initiated pathway by deoxygenating C1-C2 while Tp FLU12L C2-C3 carbon bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a persistent carcinogenic environmental pollutant with high bioaccumulation potential and is resistant to bacterial biodegradation. Therefore, its removal from the biosphere is a priority. In the current study, the bacterial culture Paenibacillus sp. PRNK-6 was evaluated for the degradation of BaP. Paenibacillus sp. PRNK-6 efficiently utilizes BaP as a sole carbon source and degrades 89.43% of BaP within 120 h at an initial concentration of 100 mg L−1. Maximum growth was observed at 96 h with 28.96 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU). The BaP metabolic intermediates were characterized by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the metabolite characterization, utilization of probable metabolic intermediates, and investigation of the enzyme involved, a putative pathway of the BaP degradation in PRNK-6 was proposed. The metabolites formed includes a novel ring cleavage metabolite phenalene-1,9-dicarboxylic acid. The two terminal monoaromatic metabolites catechol and protocatechuate (PCA) undergo ring fission by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, individually and get into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In both pathways there is no accumulation of any dead-end products. The results suggest that the strain PRNK-6 could be a promising biodegradation tool for high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW PAHs) like BaP and may be equally used for bioremediation of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). [Display omitted] • Paenibacillus sp. PRNK-6 strain degrades 89.43% of BaP (100 mg L−1) within 5 days. • Phenalene-1,9-dicarboxylic acid is a novel metabolic intermediate in this study. • The strain exhibits a diverged catabolic pathway down to the phthalic acid. • A novel putative metabolic pathway of BaP in a strain PRNK-6 was proposed. • This work paves way for better understanding of the BaP degradation in bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has been extensively studied for its probiotic properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that L. plantarum CN2018 exhibited antioxidant properties and the potential to inhibit Helicobacter pylori. This research aimed to further investigate the fermentation potential of L. plantarum CN2018 as a co-fermenter in the production of fermented milk, including fermentation characteristics, textural properties, antioxidant capacity, flavor compounds and the metabolic changes. The addition of CN2018 significantly influenced the fermentation characteristics, resulting in a reduction in fermentation time and an increase in the total viable bacterial count (1.41 × 109 CFU/mL). The textural properties of chewiness, gumminess, and adhesiveness improved by 15.29% (p < 0.05), 20.05% (p < 0.001), and 44.87% (p < 0.05), respectively. Additionally, CN2018 enhanced the antioxidant capacity of fermented milk, which SOD activity, T-AOC and DPPH scavenging were increased by 51.78% (p < 0.05), 80.46% (p < 0.05) and 43.58% (p < 0.01), respectively. Key flavor compounds including 1-(4-methylphenyl)-ethanone, phthalic acid, hex-3-yl isobutyl ester, (E)-2-decenal, and phenylethanol were identified, thereby enhancing the flavor profile of the fermented milk. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that hypoxanthine, a compound associated with oxidative stress, significantly reduced in fermented milk of CN2018. This may be associated with the enhanced antioxidant capacity of fermented milks. These findings indicate that CN2018 can effectively degrade or absorb hypoxanthine in fermented milk. Overall, L. plantarum CN2018 demonstrates considerable potential as an auxiliary fermenter to enhance the nutritional and functional properties of fermented dairy products. • L. plantarum CN2018 improves fermentation characteristics and texture of fermented milks. • L. plantarum CN2018 enhances the antioxidant properties of fermented milks. • L. plantarum CN2018 improves flavor compounds and metabolic nutrients of fermented milk. • L. plantarum CN2018 reduces hypoxanthine content in fermented milk with strain variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three new 3D complexes utilizing using a combination of imidazole-containing ligands were synthesized. • The structure of complexes 1, 2 and 3 were characterized adequately by X-ray, TG study, and gas adsorption properties. • Complex 2 has the adsorption abilities of H 2 O over MeOH and EtOH vapor. Solvothermal reactions of a tetradentate imidazole-containing ligand, 3,3′,5,5′-tetra(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1,1′-biphenyl (L), combined with Zn(II) salt in the presence of varied auxiliary dicarboxylic acids yield three new polymers with (4,4) topologies, [Zn 2 (L)(o -BDC) 2 ] (1), [Zn 2 (L)(m -BDC) 2 ]·4H 2 O (2), [Zn 2 (L)(p -BDC) 2 ]·2MeOH·4H 2 O (3) (o -H 2 BDC = phthalic acid, m -H 2 BDC = isophthalic acid, p -H 2 BDC = terephthalic acid). Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed that complexes 1 and 2 consist of two-dimensional (2D) layers with different macrocycles, 40- and 52-membered macrocycles in 1 , while one 46-membered macrocycles in 2 , which is further connected by carboxylates to bring about three-dimensional (3D) frameworks. In complex 3 , the layers formed by L, partial p -BDC2− and Zn(II), are pillared by the rest p -BDC2− to result in the final 3D structure. Furthermore, the photoluminescence of these compounds as well as the sorption properties of 2 were investigated. Three new Zinc(II)-MOFs based on 3,3′,5,5′-tetra(1H-imidazol-1-yl)- 1,1′-biphenyl were synthesized. And The N 2 /H 2 O/MeOH/EtOH adsorption properties of one complex was explored. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two heteronuclear coordination polymers, [Cd 2 (µ-im) 2 (Him) 4 Pd(µ-CN) 4 ] n (1) and [Cd(Him) 2 Pd(µ-CN) 4 ] n (2) (Him: imidazole), have been synthesized by under different conditions and characterized. In 1, Cd(II) ions are bridged by imidazolate ligands to form a 1D chain structure. Neighboring 1D chains are linked by [Pd(CN)4]2- ions to form a 3D framework, while in 2 , metal ions are bridged by cyanide ligands to form a 2D [Cd2Pd2(µ-CN)4]n network. Furthermore, the catalytic peroxidative oxidation activity of catalysts 1 and 2 was studied on the oxidation of benzyl alcohol using tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (t -BuOOH) as the oxygen source. The compound 1 exhibited over 90% product conversion at 80 °C in 24-hour reaction time. In addition, the catalyst exhibited high selectivity towards benzaldehyde and no over-oxidation product (benzoic acid) was detected. [Display omitted] Two new heteronuclear Cd(II)/Pd(II) coordination polymers, [Cd 2 (µ-im) 2 (Him) 4 Pd(µ-CN) 4 ] n (1) and [Cd(Him) 2 Pd(µ-CN) 4 ] n (2) (Him: imidazole), have been synthesized under different conditions and characterized using elemental analysis, thermal analysis, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques. In 1 , the Cd(II) ions are bridged by imidazolate ligands to generate 1D chain structure. Neighbouring 1D chains were linked by [Pd(CN) 4 ]2- ions to form 3D framework. In 2 , the metal ions are bridged by cyanide ligands to generate 2D [Cd 2 Pd 2 (µ-CN) 4 ] n network. Catalytic peroxidative oxidation activity of 1 and 2 was examined on the oxidation of benzyl alcohol using tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (t- BuOOH) as the oxygen source. The compound 1 exhibited over 90 % product conversion at 80 °C in 24-hour reaction time. In addition, the catalyst exhibited high selectivity towards benzaldehyde and no over-oxidation product (benzoic acid) was detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanochemically sulfidated microscale zero valent iron (S-mZVIbm) exhibits promising Cr(VI) removal performance but is prone to be passivated by Cr(VI), how to mitigate the passivation is still a challenge. In this study, we successfully synthesized phthalic acid (PA, carboxyl-rich organic acid) modified S-mZVIbm particles (PA-S-mZVIbm (4:1)) through ball milling. The pre-corrosion of the ZVI surface by PA effectively increased the specific surface area of ZVI. Additionally, the carboxyl groups complexed with Cr(VI), thereby enhancing its Cr(VI) removal capacity and alleviating the passivation. The Cr(VI) removal by PA-S-mZVIbm (4:1) was mainly a chemisorption process on the surface and its Cr(VI) removal capacity (55.47 mg/g) was 1.26 and 9.94 – 14.83 times that of PA-mZVIbm and S-mZVIbm, respectively. The electron efficiency of Cr(VI) removal by both PA-S-mZVIbm (4:1) and S-mZVIbm was ∼100 %, however, the Fe(0) utilization efficiency of PA-S-mZVIbm (4:1) was at least 15 times higher than that of S-mZVIbm, explaining the superior performance of PA-S-mZVIbm (4:1). This study confirmed that PA modification could effectively mitigate the passivation and improve the Fe(0) utilization efficiency of S-mZVIbm. [Display omitted] ● Cr(VI) removal by PA-S-mZVIbm (4:1) was mainly a surface reduction and precipitation process. ● Increased surface area and surface active sites improve the Cr(VI) removal by PA-S-mZVIbm (4:1). ● -COOH on the surface enriched Cr(VI) and alleviated the passivation of PA-S-mZVIbm (4:1). ● Combined modification could improve the ε Fe(0) by at least 15 times of single sulfidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present environmental challenges due to their hydrophobicity and persistence. This study proposes a novel approach combining three-dimensional electrocatalytic oxidation with surfactant-enhanced remediation, utilizing SnO 2 -Sb@TML particle electrodes to effectively degrade pyrene, a compound with extremely low solubility. Unlike conventional methods, this integrated system leverages surfactants—anionic (sodium lauryl sulfate), nonionic (Tween 80), and zwitterionic (cocamidopropyl betaine)—to maximize solubilization efficiency. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) exhibited the highest solubilization at 3.095 mg·L−1 under conditions of 5 CMC, pH 3, and 0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 , maintaining 98.2 % of its concentration over 480 min of electrocatalytic oxidation. Pyrene is solubilized within the micelle core of SLS. The optimized system achieved 98.9 % pyrene removal at a current density of 20 mA·cm−2, electrode spacing of 5 cm, and 50 g particle electrode dosage, with a 55.76 % energy reduction (3.61 KWh·g−1) compared to two-dimensional systems. Analysis of reactive oxygen species identified hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as the primary oxidants, contributing 86.65 % to degradation. Intermediate product analysis via GC-MS/MS revealed degradation pathways involving compounds like 4-phenanthrenecarboxylic acid and phthalic acid, providing insights into the oxidative breakdown of pyrene. This innovative system not only enhances degradation efficiency but also offers a sustainable, low-energy solution for persistent hydrophobic contaminants, expanding the applicability of electrocatalytic oxidation technology. These findings advance theoretical understanding and provide practical pathways for effective PAHs remediation. • Introduced a 3D electrocatalytic system for enhanced degradation of hydrophobic PAHs. • Combined electrocatalytic oxidation with surfactant-enhanced solubilization. • SLS surfactant achieved highest pyrene solubilization at 3.095 mg/L. • Hydroxyl radicals identified as primary drivers in the efficient pyrene oxidation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) with endocrine disrupting toxicity has been widely concerned owing to its widespread presence in environment and food. As an essential part of the daily diet, edible oil has become an emerging and nonnegligible source of DEHP intake exposure. Herein, we demonstrated a two-step method to mitigate DEHP exposure from edible oil including firstly selective adsorption and then photocatalytic degradation by supramolecular organic nanomaterial composites. Perylene diimide (PDI) heterojunction with Bi 2 WO 6 was synthesized by a facile ultrasonic-water bath heating method. It was found that PDI/Bi 2 WO 6 showed selective adsorption of DEHP in edible oil via π-π stacking, hydrophobic interactions, and monolayer chemisorption compared with other phthalates. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm simulation results showed that the adsorption process conformed to the second-order kinetics and Langmuir model. Then, under visible light irradiation, PDI/Bi 2 WO 6 with 35 % m(PDI)/m(Bi 2 WO 6) had the highest degradation rate of DEHP, which was 2.16 and 1.76 times higher than that of PDI and Bi 2 WO 6 , respectively. The reactive species generated under visible light irradiation, superoxide radicals (•O 2 − ), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and holes (h + ) were synergistically involved in the photodegradation of DEHP to the intermediates of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-dibutyl phthalate (MBP), phthalic acid (PA), and 4-oxohexanoic acid. These findings may provide a technology for minimizing and treating contaminants exposure in the environment and foodstuffs through supramolecular organic nanomaterial heterojunction. [Display omitted] • A two-step approach was proposed to mitigate DEHP exposure in edible oil. • The technology involves first selective adsorption followed by photodegradation. • Supramolecular organic heterojunction was prepared by ultrasonic-water bath heating. • Selective adsorption was consistent with second-order kinetics and Langmuir model. • Photocatalytic degradation efficiency was improved by about two times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfuric anhydrides, generated from the cycloaddition reaction of SO 3 with carboxylic acids, have been revealed to be potential participants in the nucleation process of new particle formation (NPF). Hence the reaction mechanisms of typical aromatic acids (benzoic acid (BA), phenylacetic acid (PAA), phthalic acid (PA), isophthalic acid (mPA), and terephthalic acid (PTA)) with SO 3 to generate the corresponding aromatic sulfuric anhydrides were investigated by density functional theory calculations at the level of M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd). As a result, these reactions were found to be feasible in the gas phase with barriers of 0.34, 0.30, 0.18, 0.08 and 0.12 kcal/mol to generate corresponding aromatic sulfuric anhydrides, respectively. The thermodynamic stabilities of clusters containing aromatic sulfuric anhydrides and atmospheric nucleation precursors (sulfuric acid, ammonia and dimethylamine) were further analyzed to identify the potential role of aromatic sulfuric anhydrides in NPF. As the thermodynamic stability of a cluster depends on both the number and strength of hydrogen bonds, the greater stability of the interactions between atmospheric nucleation precursors and aromatic sulfuric anhydrides than with aromatic acids make aromatic sulfuric anhydrides potential participators in the nucleation process of NPF. Moreover, compared with BA, the addition of a -CH 2 - functional group in PAA has little influence on the reaction barrier with SO 3 but an inhibitive effect on the thermodynamic stability of clusters. The position of the two -COOH functional groups in PA, mPA and PTA does not have a consistent impact on the reaction barrier with SO 3 or the thermodynamic stability. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Methanol extract from Sarcophyte sanguinea bulb extract exhibited better antimicrobial activity compared to dichloromethane extract. • The extract further exhibited a potent antioxidant activity and notably higher quantities of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-ád-ribofuranosyl 5′-monophosphate, phthalic acid and di(oct‑3-yl) ester. • Dichloromethane extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity in four different assays. Antibiotic resistance necessitates the need for continued search for new antimicrobial compounds. In this study, we report the antibacterial activity, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activity of Sarcophyte sanguinea subsp. piriei (Hutch.) B. The extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion, micro-dilution, minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of extracts were determined using MTT assay against Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293), Human Breast Endocrine Cells (SKBR-3), Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells (Caco-2) and Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) cells. The extracts were also assessed for antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2–2′-Azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate (ABTS), nitric oxide radicals and Fe2+ chelating assays. The methanol extract (MeOH) was subjected to GC-TOF-MS analysis. MeOH extract exhibited highest zone of inhibition (ZI) of 15.67 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The extract further exhibited 67.0% inhibition against Escherichia coli in a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) membrane damage assay. In the cytotoxicity assay, MeOH and DCM extracts had LC 50 value of 237 µg/ml and 221 µg/ml against SKBR-3 cell line respectively. Gas-chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS) analysis of methanol extract indicated the presence of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-ád-ribofuranosyl 5′-monophosphate (36.827%), 3-O-methyl-d-glucose (36.827%) and phthalic acid, di(oct‑3-yl) ester (8.161%). Even though the investigated plant is suggested to have anticancer activities by traditional healers, the extracts had little inhibition on selected cancerous cell lines. Given the good antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the extracts, the plant may act as an immune booster and prevent infections in immunosuppressed cancer patients. Detected compounds may be influence the observed biological activity of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mini Carbon Dating System and Automated Graphitization Equipment, developed by Ionplus AG, were specifically designed for radiocarbon isotope ratio testing and for graphite synthesis with one milligram of carbon. Here, we carefully weighed standard samples of NIST-SRM-4990C, phthalic acid and IAEA-C7, with carbon masses ranging from 30 to 1000 μg, for graphitization, 14C/12C and 13C/12C isotope ratio measurement. The results showed a positive correlation between graphitization efficiency and carbon size, with efficiencies surpassing about 70 % and 90 % when the carbon content exceeded approximately 200 and 400 μg, respectively. Moreover, the δ13C values of the graphite product indicated the presence of carbon isotope fractionation during the graphitization processes, which was particularly pronounced when the carbon content was below 200 μg. Accordingly, we recommend that the graphite content should exceed 200 μg for reliable radiocarbon measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new Zn(II) coordination polymers with isomeric terpyridyl carboxylate ligands have been synthesized and their structural, photoluminescence and Hirshfeld surface analyses have been conducted. [Display omitted] • Two new luminescent Zn(II) compounds with isomeric terpyridyl carboxylate ligands were constructed. • These CPs have been characterized by different spectroscopic and crystallographic techniques. • The isomeric ligands induced two different 3D topological frameworks in the CPs. • The photoluminescence and Hirshfeld surface analyses for these CPs have been performed. Two new coordination polymers having compositions [Zn(4-cmopt)(tp) 0.5 ] n (1) and [Zn(3-cmopt)(tp) 0.5 ] n (2) (4-Hcmopt = 4′-(4-carboxy-methoxyphenyl)-4,2′:6′,4″-terpyridine, 3-Hcmopt = 4′-(4-carboxy-methoxyphenyl)-3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridine and H 2 tp = terephthalic acid), have been designed and synthesized by altering the structure features in terpyridine moieties under similar hydrothermal reaction conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The single crystal X-ray diffraction studies indicate that 1 displays an unusual 3D coordination network which exhibits an intriguing two-fold interpenetrating new (3,4)-connected binodal topological net with the Schläfli symbol of (4.82.103)(4.82). While, 2 features an unusual three-fold interpenetrating 3D coordination network displaying an interesting new (3,4)-connected ins topological net with the Schläfli symbol of (63)(65.8). The structural differences in both CPs provide apt insights into the effect of the positional isomeric structures of terpyridyl derivative ligands on the construction of coordination polymers. Additionally, the thermal stabilities and photoluminescence properties of 1 and 2 have been studied and the Hirshfeld surface analyses have been performed to assess their lattice properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Systematic study of polycarboxylic acid ligands and transition metal complexes. • The fluorescence emission peak of complex 1 has undergone a blue shift. • The magnetic properties of complexes 2 – 8 were studied. In this work, 4-(2-carboxyphenoxy)phthalic acid ligand (H 3 bppa), 4,4′-dipyridyl (4,4′-dipy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,2′-dipyridyl (2,2′-dipy) and transition metal ions Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Co2+ were used to synthesize metal complexes by solvothermal reaction. Ten complexes were synthesized, namely, [Zn(H 2 bppa) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]·4H 2 O (1), [Mn(H 2 bppa) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]·4H 2 O (2), [Co(H 2 bppa) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]·4H 2 O (3), [Mn(H 2 bppa) 2 (2,2′-dipy) (H 2 O)] n (4), [Cu(H 2 bppa) 2 (2,2′-dipy) (H 2 O)] n (5), [Mn 3 (bppa) 2 (4,4′-dipy) 2 (H 2 O) 6 ] n (6), [Co(Hbppa) (phen) 2 (H 2 O)] (7) and [Ni(Hbppa) (phen) 2 (H 2 O)] (8), [Mn(Hbppa) (phen) (H 2 O)] n (9), [Cu(Hbppa) (phen) (H 2 O)] n (10). Structural datas were collected by X-ray single crystal diffractometer, the results show that complexes 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8 are zero-dimensional mononuclear structure, 4, 5, 9 and 10 are one-dimensional chain structure, 6 is three-dimensional network structure. Furthermore, solid state fluorescence properties were performed on complexes H 3 bppa and 1 – 8 , magnetic properties were performed on complexes 2 – 8. The fluorescence experiment results show that the fluorescence intensity of complexes 1 – 8 is weaker than that of H 3 bppa, and the fluorescence emission spectrum of complex 1 undergoes a blue shift relative to the H 3 bppa. Magnetic testing data analysis shows that complexes 2, 3 and 8 have antiferromagentic properties and complexes 4, 5, 6 and 7 have ferromagentic properties. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The yield of cresol is 49.1 % by PG8@MOF catalysis and the ratio of o -/ p -isomer reaches 5:1. • MOF-199 promotes contact between PG8@MOF and toluene. • The optimal catalysts exhibited excellent reusability in the direct hydroxylation of toluene. The activation of aromatic Csp2-H bonds to achieve hydroxylation of aromatics has attracted widespread attention, but it remains a huge challenge. Therefore, developing a durable and efficient catalyst for selective hydroxylation of toluene is an important issue. This article synthesized MOF-199 using phthalic acid as a ligand and synthesized it using impregnation method PG8@MOF Catalysts. The experimental results indicate that, PG8@MOF In the hydroxylation reaction of toluene, it has strong advantages. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of cresol is 49.1 %, among which the yield of ortho cresol reaches 41.1 %. The regenerated catalyst has good reusability. These findings provide a convenient method for constructing highly active catalysts for direct hydroxylation of toluene. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing the escalating issue of antibiotic pollution and the emergence of bacterial resistance in water ecosystems, photocatalytic technology has been widely studied as one of the efficient methods to remove antibiotics in aquatic ecosystem. Herein, the bimetallic organic framework materials Cu/Zn-BTC were synthesized with varying proportions of copper and zinc as metal joints and 1,3,5-phthalic acid as organic ligands. Subsequently, the zinc elements within the MOF were eliminated through high pyrolysis to obtain carbon materials derived from Cu/Zn-BTC (referred to as 1.3CZC, 1.4CZC, and 1.5CZC based on the copper-to-zinc ratio). Notably, the presence of different valence copper species facilitated to form type II heterojunction within MOF-derived carbon materials, where internal Cu0/Cu+ species combined with oxygen vacancies to create localized bands that prolonged the lifetime of photogenerated carriers and enhanced photocatalytic activity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Taylor and other characterization methods were used to analyze the difference in structure and performance of different catalysts. 1.4CZC showed excellent performance, upon exposure to visible light for 30 min, the removal rate of tetracycline significantly increased to an impressive 92.4 %, while extending the exposure time to 60 min further improved the removal rate of ciprofloxacin to approximately 82.6 %. It provides a highly efficient antibiotics removal pathway by MOF-derived carbon materials. [Display omitted] • MOF-derived carbon materials loaded with polyvalent copper were synthesized. • Zn in Cu/Zn-BTC sublimates to generate a substantial number of vacancies and sites. • Carbon materials make the catalyst have excellent catalytic performance. • Cu0/Cu+ and oxygen vacancy synergistically enhances the photocatalytic activity. • The catalysts has excellent efficacy in the removal of quinolones and tetracycline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • One-pot, two-step synthesis via cyclodehydration. • Inexpensive and readily available reagents. • Wide substrate scope. • Milder reaction conditions. • Valuable building block synthesis. A new, one-pot, two-step, and efficient method has been developed to synthesize phthalimide and its derivatives directly from phthalic acids with an iminium cation as the cyclodehydrating agent, which in turn is generated from a mixture of cyanuric chloride and N,N -dimethylformamide and amines under milder reaction conditions. This method is a simple, cost effective, and uses inexpensive and commercially available reagents and catalysts. Broad functional group tolerance of the process led to the synthesis of many phthalimides in good to excellent isolated yields (up to 98 %). This method also afforded the thalidomide drug intermediate. The plausible reaction mechanism has been also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ratiometric fluorescence probe to detect Zn2+ ions in water with a superior detection limit of 3.48 nM. • The most favorable LOD reported so far for fluorescence detection of Zn2+ ions by complexes. • High stability in water and resistance towards acidic and basic media. • Detection of Zn2+ ions in real-life aqueous samples. The two-dimensional complex [Cd 3 (L)(2,2'-bpy) 2 ] n (1) was synthesized solvothermally from 4,5-di(3,5-dicarboxylphenoxy)phthalic acid (H 6 L) and 2,2'-bipyridine (2,2'-bpy) and fully characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 displays high stability in water and resistance towards acidic and basic media. Fluorescence studies revealed that it may be acted as a ratiometric fluorescence probe to detect Zn2+ ions in water with a superior detection limit of 3.48 nM. The fluorescence recognition mechanism stems from weak interactions between Zn2+ ions and complex 1. Its pronounced stability and recyclability suggest that the new material may be used for high-precision detection of Zn2+ ions in real-life aqueous samples, even under acidic and basic conditions. The two-dimensional Cd-complex was synthesized and structurally characterized. It may be acted as a ratiometric fluorescence probe to detect Zn2+ ions in water with a superior detection limit of 3.48 nM, which is the most favorable LOD reported so far for fluorescence detection of Zn2+ ions by complexes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking advantage of the competitive binding affinity towards Ti(IV) between 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR) and phthalate, a simple indicator displacement (ID)–based colorimetric assay was designed for indirect determination of a well-known phthalic acid ester, dibutyl phthalate (DBP). The indicator PAR and Ti(IV) formed a purplish-red-colored Ti(IV)-PAR complex (λ max = 540 nm) at a 1:1 ratio. In the presence of pre-hydrolyzed DBP, colorless complex formation of phthalate ion (emerging from alkaline hydrolysis of DBP) with Ti(IV) resulted in a hypsochromic shift in absorbance maximum, accompanying a color change from purplish-red to yellowish-orange (λ max = 390 nm) by the release of PAR from Ti(IV)-PAR system. Based on this mechanism, the linear response range of the system for DBP was found to lie between 0.16 and 0.37 mmol L–1 with an experimental detection limit of 11.6 µmol L–1. The recommended Ti(IV)-PAR system was successfully applied to DBP-containing pharmaceutical products (as real sample) after a simple clean-up process for removing possible water-soluble interferents. The analytical results obtained from the recommended method (by applying the standard addition approach) and the reference liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) method were statistically compared using DBP-extract of the drug samples. Consequently, a simple and selective colorimetric ID strategy was proposed for the analysis of DBP in pharmaceuticals for the first time. [Display omitted] • Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was determined by indicator displacement (ID). • Purplish-red Ti(IV)-PAR (pyridylazo resorcinol) complex was the sensing material. • The ID assay selectively detected DBP among other phthalic acid esters. • The colorimetric ID assay was successfully applied to DBP-containing drugs. • The proposed method was validated against a literature LC–MS/MS method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) as common plasticizers, providing convenience to humans. However, they also present a potential threat to ecosystems and human health as emerging contaminants. In this study, co-immobilization of nanozyme (PtCo) and laccase (Lac) into dendritic mesoporous silica (DMSN) constitutes nanomaterials (Lac@PtCo@DMSN). PtCo with an atomic ratio of 3:1 has the highest oxidizing activity. DMSN exhibited a maximum Lac loading capacity of 365 mg/g and activity of Lac@PtCo@DMSN exhibits excellent pH, temperature, and storage stability and reusability, and demonstrated greater recoverability. Remarkably, Lac@PtCo@DMSN (50 mg) achieved 81.83% degradation of total PAEs within 72 h and maintained 72.44% degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in the fifth cycle. Electron transfer between Pt, Co and adsorbed oxygen (O 2ads) in PtCo can generate •OH and •O 2 −, which were the dominant reactants for PAEs degradation. •OH could degrade PAEs to phthalic acid via H-abstration and •OH addition. •OH effectively enhanced Lac activity, and promoted the synergistic catalytic performance of nanozymes and natural enzymes. The degradation of phthalic acid by Lac accelerated the release of PtCo@DMSN reaction sites, resulting in significantly enhanced PAEs degradation. Thus, artificial/natural enzymes can degrade PAEs without exogenous additives to solve the limitation of Lac application, providing a new strategy for degrading contaminants in water. • PtCo with a 3:1 M ratio has excellent oxidase-like and catalase-like activities. • •OH and •O 2 − from electron transfer of PtCo and adsorbed oxygen for PAEs degradation. • •OH could effectively increase the activity of laccase. • Laccase could enhance PAEs degradation by degrading phthalic acid. • Lac@PtCo@DMSN has remarkable stability in pH, thermal, storage, and reusability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Phthalic acid as switchable-hydrophilicity solvent for the extraction of sildenafil. • No sample cooling is required for the solidification of phthalic acid. • The analytical protocol is rapid using environmentally friendly solvents. Herein, a green liquid phase microextraction protocol using phthalic acid as switchable hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) is reported for the quantification of sildenafil in authentic human urine. The analyte was extracted onto phthalic acid solid particles which were produced through acidification of the sample. Its solidification was accomplished at ambient conditions without sample cooling. The determination of the sildenafil was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The microextraction parameters that affect the extraction efficiency of the drug (i.e. SHS type and its concentration, acid type and concentration, extraction time, filter type) have been studied. The optimized analytical protocol involved the mixing of 300 μL of phthalate solution (0.75 M) with 600 μL of sample, followed by the addition of 50 μL of concentrated H 3 PO 4. The produced solid was collected using membrane syringe filter (0.45 μm) and was finally dissolved in 500 μL of CH 3 OH. Method validation data showed determination coefficient ≥ 0.99 for the linear range of 50 – 2000 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) were 30 and 100 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy (expressed as % recovery) of the method ranged between 88.0 – 108.9 % while the precision (expressed as % RSD) was less than 17.8 % in all cases. The robustness of the microextraction procedure and the instrumental method were investigated using Plackett-Burman experimental designs. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by analyzing both spiked and authentic human urine samples after oral administration of drug-containing pharmaceutical formulation. The developed protocol offers cost-efficiency, handling simplicity, and high throughput. Its green character was evaluated using Green Analytical Procedure Index and Blue Applicability Grade Index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous development of antimicrobial resistance and appearance of new diseases necessitate use of novel and effective antimicrobial molecules. This research work was planned to determine the antimicrobial and metabolite profiling of Streptomyces filamentosus strain KS17 from unexplored regions of Devbag beach, India. The Streptomyce s filamentosus strain KS17 was screened and was subjected to various characterization techniques. Antagonistic activity of ethyl acetate extract was carried out and finally spectral and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was done. The Streptomyces filamentosus strain KS17 displayed a strong antimicrobial activity on cross streak method. The organism produced greyish and light yellow mycelia and optimal growth was observed at 30–35 ℃ and expressed an evolutionary relationship with Streptomyces filamentosus strain Act74 (KT996121). The UV spectrum exhibited active peak at 213 nm. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts, such as S. flexneri , E. coli , K. pneumoniae , B. cereus , S. aureus , E. faecalis , B. subtilis , C. albicans and C. glabrata. The gram negative bacteria P. aeruginosa was unsusceptible. The metabolite profiling through GC-MS acquainted the presence of 30 bioactive compounds having antibacterial, anticancer properties. Pentane, 2,4-dimethyl- (40.75%), Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, oleate (17.09%), 2-methylhexacosane (4.52%), 9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, (E , E , E)- (3.85%) and Phthalic acid, di(2-propylpentyl) ester (2.82%) were the leading compounds available in extract. These compounds are known to have strong antibacterial and antifungal activity. In conclusion, the results clearly suggest the possibility of Streptomyces filamentosus strain KS17 as optimistic candidate for the development of potential antimicrobial drugs after structure elucidation and detail characterizations of bioactive metabolite. [Display omitted] • Streptomyces filamentosus strain KS17 was isolated from marine sediment samples. • The organism was identified as Streptomyces filamentosus through gene sequencing. • Streptomyces filamentosus strain KS17 showed smooth & rectiflexibiles spore chains. • The organism exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against pathogens. • The GC-MS analysis reported 30 compounds having several biological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3) has attracted much attention due to its variety of applications in many areas. However, the current preparation methods of γ-Fe 2 O 3 still involve complicated processes and a high cost, thereby needing improvement. In this study, a novel and facile one-step solid-state method for the preparation of γ-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles (NPs) is performed through the thermal decomposition of ferric nitrate (Fe(NO 3) 3 ⋅9H 2 O) and the addition of aromatic acids. Three aromatic acids that have different numbers of carboxyl groups (i.e., benzoic acid, phthalic acid, and trimesic acid) are used as additives and their effects on the formation of γ-Fe 2 O 3 NPs are investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the aromatic acid/Fe(NO 3) 3 ⋅9H 2 O mass ratio and calcination temperature on the structural properties of the products are investigated. The structural properties, morphology, and magnetic properties of the products are analyzed through X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, and magnetic measurements. The results show that the addition of aromatic acids to Fe(NO 3) 3 ⋅9H 2 O leads to the formation of γ-Fe 2 O 3 NPs, and has a significant influence on the morphology of γ-Fe 2 O 3 NPs. When the aromatic acid/Fe(NO 3) 3 ⋅9H 2 O mass ratio is greater than 0.5, the addition of the three aromatic acids leads to the formation of pure γ-Fe 2 O 3. The γ-Fe 2 O 3 NPs obtained from benzoic acid/Fe(NO 3) 3 ⋅9H 2 O and phthalic acid/Fe(NO 3) 3 ⋅9H 2 O systems do not show a well-defined morphology. In contrast, the γ-Fe 2 O 3 NPs obtained from the trimesic acid/Fe(NO 3) 3 ⋅9H 2 O system are composed of a porous three-dimensional hierarchical structure and have the largest Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface area (100.0 m2 g−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A 3D Tb-MOF was synthesized with two aromatic organic carboxylic acids of Terephthalate and Phthalate. • The absolute luminescence quantum yield (Ф abs) of the Tb-MOF is 56% and the luminescence lifetime is 971 μs. • Compared the new 3D Tb-MOF [Tb(1,4-bdc) 0.5 (1,2-bdc)(H 2 O) 2 ] n (MOF-1), (1,4-H 2 bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid; 1,2-H 2 bdc = 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid) with three other similar Tb-MOFs [Tb(1,4-bdc) 0.5 (3,4-pdc)(H 2 O) 2 ] n (MOF-2), {[Tb 2 (3,5-pdc)(3,4-pdc) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]·2H 2 O} n (MOF-3) and {[Tb 2 (3,5-pdc)(1,2-bdc) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]·2H 2 O} n (MOF-4), (3,5-H 2 pdc = 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid; 3,4-H 2 pdc = 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid) previously reported by us, it was found that MOF-1 [Tb(1,4-bdc) 0.5 (1,2-bdc)(H 2 O) 2 ] n has the highest absolute luminescence quantum yield (Ф abs) and longest luminescence lifetime in the four Tb-MOFs. A new three-dimensional (3D) Tb(III) metal organic framework (MOF) containing two types of carboxylic acids of terephthalic acid (1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid) and phthalic acid (1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid) was synthesized under hydrothermal condition at 180 °C. The formula of the 3D Tb-MOF is [Tb(1,4-bdc) 0.5 (1,2-bdc)(H 2 O) 2 ] n (MOF-1), (1,4-H 2 bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid; 1,2-H 2 bdc = 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid). X-ray single crystal diffraction showed that the structure of Tb-MOF was 3D network. 1,2-bdc ligands coordinated with Tb(III) by oxygen atoms of the carboxyl groups and connected four Tb(III) to form 2D layers. The 1,4-bdc ligands further connected the 2D layers to construct 3D network structure. The Tb-MOF emitted the characteristic green light of Tb(III) excited by ultraviolet rays. Compared with three other similar Tb-MOFs [Tb(1,4-bdc) 0.5 (3,4-pdc)(H 2 O) 2 ] n (MOF-2), {[Tb 2 (3,5-pdc)(3,4-pdc) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]·2H 2 O} n (MOF-3) and {[Tb 2 (3,5-pdc)(1,2-bdc) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]·2H 2 O} n (MOF-4), (3,5-H 2 pdc = 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid; 3,4-H 2 pdc = 3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid) previously reported, it was found that MOF-1 [Tb(1,4-bdc) 0.5 (1,2-bdc)(H 2 O) 2 ] n has the highest absolute luminescence quantum yield (Ф abs) and longest luminescence lifetime in the four Tb-MOFs. The Ф abs is 56% with excitation at 296 nm and the lifetime is 971 microseconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Long-emission phosphorescence activated by ortho -carboxyl substitution strategy. • Exploration of the multi-color phosphorescent carbon dots. • Tunable LEDs produced by using these carbon dots. While room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) associated with carbon dots (CDs) has been widely achieved, obtaining long-wavelength emission RTP, especially while mitigating the quenching effect of water or dissolved oxygen, remains a challenging yet desirable goal. We synthesized three types of phosphorescent CDs with varying luminescent properties by using three precursors with carboxyls positioned differently. The formation process of these CDs resulted in a well-ordered and compact structure, effectively inhibiting molecular vibrations and reducing non-radiative transitions. Consequently, it successfully prevented the quenching effect of dissolved oxygen on the RTP of CDs in an aqueous environment. Significantly, PA-AIBN synthesized with phthalic acid, rather than iso -phthalic acid and terephthalic acid, exhibited long-wavelength emission RTP, with the phosphorescent emission center reaching as far as 640 nm. To be specific, the ortho -substituted carboxyls played a critical role in boosting the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Simultaneously, an increase in the doping levels of both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in PA-AIBN facilitated the long-wavelength emission RTP. The increased sp2 conjugated carbon core of PA-AIBN narrowed the optical band gap, contributing to the long-wavelength emission. Taken together, these factors cooperatively promoted the long-wavelength emission of RTP. Importantly, the PA-AIBN synthesized in this study exhibited a broad half-peak width and long-wavelength emission. It was successfully used in the preparation of white-light-emitting diodes without the need for commercial phosphor powder, demonstrating its enormous potential for practical lighting devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthalate esters (PAEs), as a major plasticizer with multi-biotoxicity, are frequently detected in marine environments, and potentially affecting the survival of aquatic organisms. In the study, three typical PAEs (dimethyl phthalate [DMP], dibutyl phthalate [DBP] and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [DEHP]) were selected to investigate the accumulation patterns and ecotoxicological effects on Mytilus coruscus (M. coruscus). In M. coruscus , the accumulation was DEHP>DBP>DMP, and the bioaccumulation in tissues was digestive glands>gills>gonads>muscles. Meanwhile, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed an activation-decrease-activation trend of stress, with more pronounced concentration effects. Glutathione reductase (GSH) activity was significantly increased, and its expression was more sensitive to be induced at an early stage. The metabolic profiles of the gonads, digestive glands and muscle tissues were significantly altered, and DEHP had a greater effect on the metabolic profiles of M. coruscus , with the strongest interference. PAEs stress for 7 d significantly altered the volatile components of M. coruscus , with potential implications for their nutritional value. This study provides a biochemical, metabolomic, and nutritional analysis of DMP, DBP, and DEHP toxic effects on M. coruscus from a multidimensional perspective, which provides support for ecotoxicological studies of PAEs on marine organisms. Phthalate esters (PAEs), synthetic compounds from phthalic acid, are widespread in the environment, household products, aquatic plants, animals, and crops, posing a significant threat to human health. However, the majority of toxicological studies examining the effects of PAEs on aquatic organisms primarily focus on non-economic model organisms like algae and zebrafish. Relatively fewer studies have been conducted on marine organisms, particularly economically important shellfish. So, this study is innovative and necessary. This study provides a biochemical, metabolomic, and nutritional analysis of DMP, DBP, and DEHP toxic effects on mussels, and supports the ecotoxicology of PAEs on marine organisms. [Display omitted] • Bioconcentration profile of PAEs in Mytilus coruscus : DEHP＞DBP＞DMP. • PAEs can induce oxidative stress and metabolic disorders in mussels. • Different oxidation indicators have different reactions to different PAEs. • Exposure to DMP, DBP, and DEHP mainly affects amino acid metabolism pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the significant environmental and health hazards imposed by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a common plasticizer, developing safe and green techniques to degrade DEHP plasticizer is of huge scientific significance. It has been observed that environmental contamination of DEHP may also induce serious food safety problems because crops raised in plasticizers contaminated soils would transfer the plasticizer into foods, such as Baijiu. Additionally, when plastic packaging or vessels are used during Baijiu fermentation and processing, plasticizer compounds frequently migrate and contaminate the product. In this study, hairpin-like structured peptides with catalytically active sites containing serine, histidine and aspartic acid were found to degrade DEHP. Furthermore, after incorporating caffeic acid molecules at the N-terminus, the peptides could be attached onto foam titanium (Ti) surfaces via enediol-metal interactions to create an enzyme-mimicking flow reactor for the degradation of DEHP in Baijiu. The structure and catalytic activity of peptides, their interaction with DEHP substrate and the hydrolysis mechanism of DEHP were discussed in this work. The stability and reusability of the peptide-modified foam Ti flow reactor were also investigated. This approach provides an effective technique for the degradation of plasticizer compounds. [Display omitted] • The caffeic acid derived peptides can degrade DEHP via hydrolysis. • Polypeptide can hydrolyze DEHP in 50-60% ethanol. • The peptide attached titanium flow reactor can be refreshed and reused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The genetic variation of phthalate detoxification in humans is partially known. • We identified four loci at genome-wide significance, two of them being novel. • Two copy number variants were also identified. • Functional annotation targeted detoxification, transmembrane transfer, and renal excretion genes. Phthalates, or dieters of phthalic acid, are a ubiquitous type of plasticizer used in a variety of common consumer and industrial products. They act as endocrine disruptors and are associated with increased risk for several diseases. Once in the body, phthalates are metabolized through partially known mechanisms, involving phase I and phase II enzymes. In this study we aimed to identify common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) associated with the metabolism of phthalate compounds in children through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The study used data from 1,044 children with European ancestry from the Human Early Life Exposome (HELIX) cohort. Ten phthalate metabolites were assessed in a two-void pooled urine collected at the mean age of 8 years. Six ratios between secondary and primary phthalate metabolites were calculated. Genome-wide genotyping was done with the Infinium Global Screening Array (GSA) and imputation with the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC) panel. PennCNV was used to estimate copy number variants (CNVs) and CNVRanger to identify consensus regions. GWAS of SNPs and CNVs were conducted using PLINK and SNPassoc, respectively. Subsequently, functional annotation of suggestive SNPs (p-value < 1E-05) was done with the FUMA web-tool. We identified four genome-wide significant (p-value < 5E-08) loci at chromosome (chr) 3 (FECHP1 for oxo-MiNP_oh-MiNP ratio), chr6 (SLC17A1 for MECPP_MEHHP ratio), chr9 (RAPGEF1 for MBzP), and chr10 (CYP2C9 for MECPP_MEHHP ratio). Moreover, 115 additional loci were found at suggestive significance (p-value < 1E-05). Two CNVs located at chr11 (MRGPRX1 for oh-MiNP and SLC35F2 for MEP) were also identified. Functional annotation pointed to genes involved in phase I and phase II detoxification, molecular transfer across membranes, and renal excretion. Through genome-wide screenings we identified known and novel loci implicated in phthalate metabolism in children. Genes annotated to these loci participate in detoxification, transmembrane transfer, and renal excretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Five acylpyrazolinone lanthanide complexes [Ln(pmbp) 3 (dmobipy)] were synthesized and structurally characterized. • The reciprocal H...H/C/N/O contacts dominate over 92% of total Hirshfeld surface. • 1-Eu, 3-Ho and 4-Er exhibit the characteristic sharp peaks of their corresponding Ln3+ ions in the solid-state luminescence studies. • A low level of cytotoxicity against Hela cells was observed. Five novel lanthanide complexes with the general formula [Ln(pmbp) 3 (dmobipy)] (Ln = Eu (1-Eu), Tb (2-Tb), Ho (3-Ho), Er (4-Er) and Tm (5-Tm), Hpmbp = 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolinone, dmobipy = 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine) were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structures of the five complexes are identical and they crystallize in the trigonal crystal system P -1 space group. Results from SHAPE software's Continuous shape measurements (CShM) indicate that the local symmetry of the central ion is close to D 2d. The Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that the five complexes have a similar contribution of different contacts to the Hirshfeld surfaces, with reciprocal H...H/C/N/O contacts dominating over 92% of the total Hirshfeld surface. Solid-state luminescence studies indicate that 1-Eu, 3-Ho and 4-Er exhibit characteristic sharp peaks of their corresponding Ln3+ ions, whereas the broad bands observed in 2-Tb and 5-Tm are attributed to the PMBP− ligand. In addition, the five complexes demonstrate a low level of cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, laying the groundwork for successive fluorescence imaging experiments. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel two-dimensional Cd(II) coordination polymer (CP1) has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized. CP1 could fluorescently sense for Ag+, tetracycline, nitrobenzene and pyrimethanil with high sensitivity up to 10−7 M. Interestingly, it forms a unique "on-off-on" fluorescence sensor for Ag+ and constructs a simple logic gate. The fluorescence sensing mechanism of CP1 has been investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. The research shows that CP1 is expected to be an excellent multifunctional fluorescence sensor, especially as a switch-type sensor for Ag+ and the halide anions. [Display omitted] • A novel Cd(II) coordination polymer based on 4-H 3 DPN and 4,4′-bbpy; • Fluorescently sensing for Ag+, TCT, NB and Pth with high sensitivity; • A unique "on-off-on" fluorescence sensor for Ag+ and constructs a logic gate; • Sensing mechanism investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. Effective detection of the concentration of Ag+ ions in bactericidal fluid is one of the necessary conditions for their effective utilization for sterilization. A novel 2D Cd(II) coordination polymer (CP1), named as [Cd(HDPN)(4,4′-bbpy)]·2H 2 O, was hydrothermally synthesized using 5-(2′,4′-dicarboxylphenyl) nicotic acid (H 3 DPN) and 4,4′-bis(imidazolyl)biphenyl (4,4′-bbpy). The structure analysis discovered that CP1 possessed a 2D network structure of dinuclear inorganic building blocks. Fluorescence sensing discovered that CP1 could high-sensitively detect Ag+, tetracycline, nitrobenzene and pyrimethanil and the lowest limit of detection (LOD) were 1.44 × 10−8M, 2.15 × 10−8M, 8.09 × 10−8M, and 2.54 × 10−7M, respectively. It is worth noting that the quenching occurs after the addition of Ag+ to the aqueous solution of CP1, and then it gradually recovers when one of the halide anions (X− = Cl−, Br− and I−) is added, forming a unique "on-off-on" fluorescence sensor for Ag+ and constructing a simple logic gate. The fluorescence sensing mechanism of CP 1 was investigated using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, PXRD, XPS, and DFT methods. The research indicates that CP1 is anticipated to serve as an excellent multifunctional fluorescence sensor, especially as a switch-type sensor for Ag+ and the halide anions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-target aptamer assay was developed as a phthalic acid ester (PAE) panel to screen selected PAEs in plastic leachate samples. The panel comprises 13 PAEs (PAE-13), namely dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, di-n-hexyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, and phthalic acid. Herein, we proposed an aptamer assay using a newly truncated aptamer (20-mer) and the 7-aminoactinomycin D fluorophore, which selectively binds to guanine in single-stranded DNA, resulting in increased fluorescence intensity. The assay is highly selective for PAE-13 clusters. The selectivity of the assay was evaluated using 13 different PAEs and mixtures depending on the side chain structure. The quantitative detection of PAEs was demonstrated by adopting mixed PAE-13 simulants and achieved a limit of detection of ∼1.4 pg/mL. The repeatability and reproducibility of the assay were also evaluated by presenting acceptable coefficients of variation (%CV less than 10% and 15%, respectively). The performance of the assay was demonstrated by analyzing the plastic leachate samples, and the positive correlation (correlation coefficient, r = 0.985) was confirmed by comparing them with the total sum of individual PAE peak areas obtained by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. Development of a multi-target aptamer assay for endocrine disrupting phthalic acid esters panel screening in plastic leachates. [Display omitted] • Fluorescence signal-based multi-target aptamer assay for PAE panel (PAE-13) screening. • Truncated aptamer design with 20-mer length improving PAE-13 screening. • Quantifying PAE-13 with statistically acceptable repeatability and reproducibility. • Highly sensitive detection with LOD ∼1.4 pg/mL (ppt) for PAE-13 screening. • Total PAEs in plastic leachates showing the strong correlation (r = 0.985) with GC-MS analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An environmental-friendly and cost-effective system, MSA/SLS/H 2 O, was developed for chemical recycling of waste UPR via selective disconnection of the ester bond. • A small amount of amphiphilic molecules, i.e., SLS, significantly promoted the degradation of UPR. • The viable catalytic mechanism of UPR in the MSA/SLS/H 2 O system is elucidated. • The superiority of the MSA/SLS/H 2 O system over other catalytic systems was attributed to the amphiphilic molecules improving the wettability and affinity between the UPR surface and water. • The high value-added products, i.e., the copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride (SMA) and phthalic acid (PA), were reclaimed. Enormous challenges have been encountered in the degradation and recycling of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) in water, primarily due to its water resistance. Herein, a novel, efficient and green catalytic system of methanesulfonic acid (MSA)/sodium laurylsulfonate (SLS) was proposed to aqueously degrade UPR under mild conditions (200°C). This method is considerably milder compared to other reported works based on aqueous hydrolysis (230°C-380°C). What's more, amphiphilic SLS as a phase transfer reagent enhanced the concentration of catalyst at the H 2 O-UPR interface, which facilitated the mass transfer between organic motifs with inorganic reagents and thus accelerated the reaction. The NMR and FT-IR characterizations indicated the ester bonds were cleaved via hydrolysis with H 2 O catalyzed by MSA, and high value-added products, i.e., copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride (SMA) and phthalic acid (PA), were reclaimed by a simple separation process, with the yield of 86.77% and 84.37%, respectively. Furthermore, a viable mechanism for degradation was proposed through the degradation performance of the model compounds. This study provides a practical approach for the chemical degradation and conversion of other resins containing ester bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cd-MOF/Ag heterojunction promotes the degradation of organic dyes in water through the synergistic effect of surface plasmon resonance and Schottky junction. [Display omitted] • The photodegradation rate of Cd-MOF\Ag heterojunction to MO and RhB was 1.549 and 0.68 min−1 g−1, respectively. • Cd-MOF\Ag heterojunction showed good reusability for photocatalytic degradation of organic dye. • Cd-MOF/Ag heterojunction promotes the degradation of organic dye through the synergistic effect of surface plasmon resonance and Schottky junction. A novel water-stable Cd-based organic framework material (Cd-MOF) has been synthesized based on the 4,4′-([2,2′-bipyridine]-6,6′-diylbis(oxy))phthalic acid (H 4 L) ligand and Cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (Cd(NO 3) 2 ·4H 2 O) with a solvothermal method. We also prove that the rational design and preparation of Cd-MOF\Ag heterojunctions by depositing Ag nanoparticles on the surface of Cd-MOF is an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of organic dyes in water. The photodegradation rates of RhB and MO were significantly improved under simulated sunlight conditions (AM1.5G), which reaching 0.68 and 1.549 min−1 g−1, respectively. The prominent performance is attributed to the efficient separation of photo-generated electrons and holes caused by the composite heterojunction of Cd-MOF/Ag. The surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) effect of Ag nanoparticles and the Schottky junction between Ag and Cd-MOF play crucial role in the photocatalytic degradation process. This work provides a new strategy for preparing photocatalysts and promoting the development of the degradation of organic dye pollutants in effluent with MOF-based material as photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]