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Waste lipids, which are generated in enormous quantities worldwide each year (over 10 million tons), are a type of green and sustainable energy source. The production of renewable fuels from these waste lipids is therefore of great interest due to their contribution to carbon neutrality. The advancement of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), which enables the production of fossil-like hydrocarbon fuels, offers tantalizing prospects. However, realistically scaling up HDO is still a challenge due to high production costs. Designing a catalyst that enables efficient HDO under mild and solvent-free conditions would significantly contribute to reducing production costs. In this context, the new catalysts, and the corresponding strategies for catalytic HDO processing of waste lipids were reviewed and summarized. First, the HDO reaction pathways, products, and solvation effects were presented. The development of state-of-the-art HDO catalysts with a focus on alleviating the reaction conditions was summarized. Mechanistic insights into HDO conversion based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also reviewed. Discussions of other promising deoxygenation strategies such as electro-/photo-catalysis were included. Finally, future developments and directions on the catalytic strategy for mild HDO conversion were suggested. [Display omitted] • Emerging catalysts for solvent-free HDO under mild conditions are reviewed. • Newly developed HDO mechanisms based on DFT calculations are summarized. • Electro-/photo-catalysis conversion shows promise in mild deoxygenation. • Promising strategies and directions for waste lipids upgrading are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Under mild reaction conditions, the green technique was employed to carry out a condensation reaction for aromatic aldehyde, 2,4 thiazolidenedione and malononitrile to generate derivatives of pyrano thiazole 6-carbonitrile In comparison to our new complexes, all reaction conditions were optimized for those variable Lewis acid catalysts. • In general tests conducted under high yield, speedy, and environmentally friendly (solvent H 2 O/EtOH) conditions, the FePOph catalyst showed superiority over others. • The heterocatalyst recovery proved successful and could be employed with the same efficiency up to six times before the efficiency started to decrease. In this study, the Fe(III)–porphyrin complex (FePOphy complex) was successfully utilized as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for a one-pot, three-component reaction involving aromatic aldehydes, 2,4-thiazolidenedione, and malononitrile. This reaction led to the synthesis of pyrano thiazole 6-carbonitrile derivatives under environmentally friendly conditions. The structures of the formed compounds were determined through elemental and spectral analyses including infrared (IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, CHN and mass spectrometry, confirming the successful synthesis of the desired products. The reactions were conducted in a compassionate environment using a green solvent (H 2 O/EtOH). The outcomes demonstrated the excellent catalytic activity and selectivity of the complexes, which led to good yields of the intended products. As a result, the study offers useful information on the FePOphy complex' synthetic uses, and the creation of effective and environmentally acceptable catalysts, and emphasizes their potential as powerful catalysts for a variety of organic transformations. This strategy's simplicity, safety, commercially accessible catalyst, stability, fast reaction time, and outstanding yields may be used in the industry in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of 2-(N -aryolamino)benzothiazoles and 2-(N -aryolamino)benzimidazoles has been accomplished in the presence of copper catalyst. These reactions involve C-S and C-N cross-coupling reaction. All electron donating and withdrawing substituent's readily underwent the reaction to give target products in good to excellent yield. In addition, the reaction also gave target product in high yield with bulk scale. Multistep reaction has been developed for the synthesis of substituted 2-(N -Aryolamino)benzothiazoles and 2-(N -Aryolamino)benzimidazoles under moderate reaction conditions. Image 1 • To the best of our knowledge no one has reported for the synthesis of substituted 2-(N -Aryolamino)benzimidazoles in the presence of copper catalyst. • This methodology is general, clean and efficient. • We could find cheap, readily available and air stable copper catalyst for desulphurization. • The reactions are rapid, facile and accomplished at room temperature. • Moreover, all substituents readily underwent the reaction to provide their corresponding target products in good to high yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Herein, we report a photoredox-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of N -indolylacetic acids with nitrones to generate indole- N -ethylamines under mild reaction conditions. This reaction has the characteristics of simple operation, mild conditions, easy to obtain biologically relevant indole- N -ethylamines structural motifs not readily accessible by other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A catalyst-free, environmentally benign, and simple one-pot multi-component protocol has been developed for the efficient synthesis of novel (benzo[ d ]imidazo[2,1- b ]thiazol-3-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives in excellent yields using ethanol-PEG-600. This novel and green protocol have the advantages of shorter reaction times, high conversions, and follow the group-assisted-purification (GAP) chemistry process, which can avoid traditional purifications, chromatography and recrystallization. This is the first report for the synthesis of benzo[ d ]imidazo[2,1- b ]thiazol-3-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An efficient copper-catalyzed N-arylation of N-arylsulfonamides with diaryliodonium salts is reported. The reaction employs diaryliodonium salts and N-arylsulfonamides in water at room temperature, giving the products in moderate to excellent yields. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A single step access to fused imidazopyridine involving [bmIm]OH promoted click cyclocondensation of N-methylisatin with 2-aminopyridine has been achieved. The title heterocyclic scaffolds were obtained in excellent yield with high purity. [bmIm]OH was found to be more attractive as it plays the role of solvent, base, and catalyst. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The reaction between 2,6-dihalophenols and 2-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates in the presence of CsF using acetonitrile as solvent at room temperature led to the formation of functionalized diaryl ethers in very good yields. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An inorganic–organic hybrid complex, {[Cu2(phen)2(OH)2(H2O)]2[α-SiW12O40]}·8H2O 1, (phen=1,10-phenanthroline), has been synthesized under mild reaction conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectrum, thermal analyses (TG-DTA) and fluorescent measurement. The crystallographic analysis reveals that in the compound, the Keggin polyanion [α-SiW12O40]4− acts as the inorganic building block, two [Cu2(phen)2(OH)2(H2O)] units covalently bond to it via terminal oxygen atoms of the Keggin anion. An open framework is formed through supramolecular interactions with solvent accessible volume of 18% in the unit-cell. Dehydration and re-adsorption of water in 1 were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD).The compound shows thermal stability and photoluminescence property in the solid state. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A library of original and shelf-stable reagents, source of the (ethoxycarbonyl)difluoromethylthio group, is reported. These reagents are applied to the functionalization of a large panel of aldehydes via a transition metal-free protocol under mild reaction conditions. This approach offers an efficient access to valuable difluoromethylthioester derivatives. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A new protocol for the Knoevenagel condensation between β-diketones and aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes promoted by Mg(ClO4)2 under mild conditions is reported. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a technology that can oxidize various organic (wet) wastes into CO 2. Complete oxidation of specific organics with SCWO goes in tandem with tailored conditions, typically involving elevated operating temperatures, long residence times, high oxidizer-to-waste ratios, or a combination of those, which promote difficulties, e.g., corrosion. These challenges hamper the practical implementation of SCWO, albeit SCWO offers excellent oxidation efficiencies. This work proposes a novel process combining mild supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) with membrane filtration to enhance the oxidation of organics. The modified SCWO works at mild reaction conditions (i.e., 380 °C, 25 MPa and oxidizer equivalence ratios as low as 1.5) to potentially decrease the risks. The membrane filtration discards clean effluent and recycles the retentate (containing incomplete oxidized organics) back to the mild SCWO process for further oxidation, thereafter resulting in near-complete removal of organics. Fresh feed is continuously added, as in the conventional process, along with recycled retentate to guarantee the throughput of the modified SCWO process. A mixture of SCWO-resistant volatile fatty acids (TOC = 4000 mg·L−1) was studied to validate the proposed process. The proposed process in this study enhances the organic decomposition from 43.2% to 100% at mild conditions with only 10% capacity loss. CO 2 was the dominant gas product with traces of CO and H 2. Carbon output in the gas products increased with recirculation and got close to the carbon input of the freshly added feed ultimately. The results indicated that the proposed process maximized the benefits of both technologies, which allows the development of a technological process for supercritical water oxidation, as well as a new stratagem for waste treatment. Unlabelled Image • Effluent recirculation was applied to modify SCWO. • A combination of SCWO and membrane filtration process was proposed. • The membrane retained the majority of incompletely oxidized organics for recycling. • Mild SCWO with recirculation of retentate achieved high oxidation of organics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mild and readily available Cu(NO 3) 2 mediated ortho nitration of anilides with broad substrate using K 2 S 2 O 8 as an oxidant in the absence of any other metal catalyst and nitrating agent under mild conditions was reported for the first time. • Regioselective ortho nitration. • Cheap and readily available nitrating source. • Mild reaction conditions. • Broad substrate scope. The mild and readily available Cu(NO 3) 2 mediated ortho nitration of anilides with broad substrate using K 2 S 2 O 8 as an oxidant in the absence of any other metal catalyst and nitrating agent under mild conditions was reported for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A mild and efficient strategy for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones. • 22 W CFL (compact fluorescence lamp) is used because of nontoxicity and cost effectiveness. • Catalyst and solvent-free reaction conditions. • Operational simplicity and short reaction durability. • Diversified 4-thiazolidinone scaffolds show numerous biological activities. A visible-light-induced, one-pot mild and efficient, multicomponent-tandem synthesis of diversified 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones under catalyst and solvent-free conditions is reported. Here, visible-light, an ideal source of energy, has been used as photochemical activator to generate C N and C S bonds under radical mechanistic pathway from aromatic amines, aldehydes and thioglycolic acid. The reported methodology can be extensively utilized to explore 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives with high selectivity, short reaction time, tolerance of functional groups, cost effectiveness and excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]