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Miniature scroll compressors (MSCs) are recognized for their superior characteristics—compact design, silent operation and energy-saving performance. One of its main challenges is to maintain dynamic sealing between the fixed and orbiting scrolls during the operation. This paper adopts a passive magnet mechanism (PMM) to balance the axial gas force in MSCs. The PMM with an integral magnet configuration (IMC) is investigated first, and the dimensions of the magnet and fixed ring are found as the paramount factors to determine the magnitude of axial magnetic force. However, the IMC is unable to follow the unsteady characteristics of the target axial gas force, so the scrolls will experience a large period of over-sealing during its operation. To overcome this limitation, an innovative modular magnet configuration (MMC) is proposed and investigated. The height of each magnet segment is treated as individual design variable, and genetic algorithm optimization is carried out to seek for the best force balance performance according to two indices—maximum force difference (MFD) and integral-average force difference (IAFD). With precise design of each magnet segment, the MMC is able to provide unsteady magnetic force and thus better balance performance. Compared with the IMC, the improvements are up to 52 % reduction of MFD and 66 % reduction of IAFD. The derived superior MMC designs reveal a common characteristic that the "N" and "E" magnets have short segments at their outer fringe and the "S" and "W" magnets have short segments at their inner fringe. The axial magnetic force characteristics of the IMC and MMC are validated by prototype experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid cancer remains a serious threat to global health despite decades of progress. Traditional chemotherapy treatment has been used to curb the disease despite its inability to reach cancer cells at high enough quantities leading to adverse toxicity on healthy cells, producing severe side effects, and exacerbating patient suffering. Active targeted nano-drugs (ATNDs) acting as transporter systems have become a viable solution to this shortcoming, offering the possibility of more precise cancer targeting. Therefore, in the present study, we develop a numerical model of capturing ATNDs, incorporating movements within and outside the tumor spheroid and the magnetic forces guiding the nanoparticles. By combining a model of ATNDs transport with a tumor-effector dynamic model based on porous media phenomena, we demonstrate how the models may be combined to model drug-loaded nanoparticle transport in an external magnetic field. We analyze the controlled drug delivery against traditional chemotherapy based on the combined effect of immunotherapy and chemotherapy with the dispersion of nano-drugs to lead a solute cloud toward the tumor. We found that the amalgamation of immune and chemotherapy delivered by ATNDs enhances cancer therapy efficacy compared with conventional chemotherapy. Increased drug convection toward the tumor region presented by ascending values of the Peclet number inhibits the growth of tumor cells and prolongs progression-free survival. Increases in source term and vessel permeability also increase the likelihood of tumor suppression, while raising the hematocrit and magnetic number results in reduced tumor cell killing. Sensitivity analysis of the dynamic model parameters has been discussed. This work demonstrates that ATND-delivery systems can improve therapeutic agent delivery to the tumor tissue, and promote tumor cell killing. • Analyze the impact of drug dispersion on the dynamical systems of tumor-effectors with conventional and targeted therapy. • Incorporate drug dispersion phenomena to describing targeted nano-drugs delivery with hematocrit and drug source term. • Numerical and sensitivity simulation shows the impact of the flow and dynamical control parameters on therapy treatment. • Targeted nano-drug delivery shows more prominent in drug accumulation in the tumor than the conventional treatment. • Outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of targeted drug delivery to the tumor tissue and enhance tumor cell kill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the miniaturization and integration of electronic components, there has been widespread attention on yttrium iron garnet ferrite (YIG) with high saturation magnetization, high dielectric constant, and low ferromagnetic resonance linewidth. In this work, In–Sn–Cu co-doped YIG ferrite with the chemical formula Y 3 Fe 4.8-x Cu 0.1 Sn 0.1 In x O 12 (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30) was prepared. The properties of the samples, including their microstructure, crystal structure, magnetic attributes, and dielectric properties, were adjusted through the regulation of the indium doping levels. The microscopic and crystal structures confirm the effective doping of ions in YIG, resulting in an expansion of the lattice parameters. Both the saturation magnetization ( M s) and the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth (Δ H ) are influenced by the level of doping. The maximum value of M s is observed at x = 0.10 (30.86 emu/g), whereas the minimum value of Δ H occurs at x = 0.20 (35 Oe). Additionally, increasing doping concentration also leads to an upward trend in both resistivity and dielectric constant, with the lowest dielectric loss occurring at x = 0.15. This study will provide an effective approach for developing high-performance YIG ferrite that meets the requirements of miniaturization and integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the structure and physical properties of a new rare-earth (RE) high-entropy boride (HEB) (Dy 0.2 Ho 0.2 Er 0.2 Tm 0.2 Lu 0.2)(Rh 0.85 Ru 0.15) 4 B 4. The as-cast HEB consists of a highly crystallized, body-centered-tetragonal phase (I 4 1 / a c d , a = 7.460 Å and c = 14.860 Å); here, all the RE elements share the same crystallographic site and are distributed uniformly on both macroscopic and microscopic scales. At high temperature, the HEB shows a paramagnetic behavior with a large effective moment p eff yet it becomes a bulk superconductor upon cooling below 6.0 K. Remarkably, a peculiar cocktail effect of properties is observed: while the lattice parameters, T c and p eff of the HEB agree reasonably well with the compositional averages of the individual pseudo-ternary counterparts, the increased RE mixing entropy tends to suppress the superconductivity even without the magnetic exchange interactions, and a reentrant resistive transition is induced at magnetic fields above 0.8 T. Our results indicate that the high-entropy design of the RE sublattice is a viable way to tune the electrical and magnetic properties in RE intermetallics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt doping's influence on the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of the double spinel LiFeCr 4 O 8 was systematically investigated. Rietveld refinement revealed a consistent increase in lattice parameter a and unit cell volume with cobalt incorporation. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated three distinct transitions: an increase in the ferrimagnetic transition temperature (T N), a decrease in the magnetostructural transition temperature (T MS), and an increase in the spin gap transition by cobalt doping. Through diffuse reflectance spectroscopy the direct optical band gap (E og) was obtained with values of 1.169 eV, 1.303 eV, 1.396 eV, and 1.230 eV for x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5, respectively. The observed increase in E og with cobalt doping suggests a widening of the band gap, which could be beneficial for optoelectronic applications. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) the core levels of Li 1s , Co 3p , Fe 3p , Cr 3p , Fe 2p , Cr 2p , and O 1s were identified. XPS valence band (VB) analysis revealed a decreasing intensity at binding energy BE = 0 eV with respect to x = 0.0. Density functional theory calculations with Hubbard U correction (DFT + U) confirmed a ferrimagnetic semiconductor behavior with a direct electronic band gap (E eg) of 1.085 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Rare earth elements possessing a diverse range of optical, electrical, and magnetic properties has attracted more attention. In the present work, GdClWO 4 compound with monoclinic structure was prepared, the structure, magnetism and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) were investigated. The magnetic phase transition temperature (T N), magnetic ground state and maximum magnetic entropy change ( − Δ S M max) were derived from magnetization measurements. Both first principles calculation and experimental results suggest that the compound displays antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions, with a magnetic transition occurring at 0.6 K, shifting from a paramagnetic (PM) state to an AFM state. The − Δ S M max is up to 35.2 J kg−1 K−1 (205.9 mJ cm−3 K−1) for GdClWO 4 at T = 1.3 K under a magnetic field change of 0–50 kOe. In particular, the volumetric magnetic entropy change still remains 83.1 mJ cm−3 K−1 at 0.5 K and μ 0 Δ H = 20 kOe, which is almost twice as much as that of commercial refrigerant Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 (GGG) under μ 0 Δ H = 20 kOe, establishing GdClWO 4 compound as a potential candidate for cryogenic refrigeration applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to ensure operational efficiency and safety, the flow dynamics of the ortho-para hydrogen converter in a liquid hydrogen system was studied. The precise selection of filtration accuracy stands as a critical factor in maintaining system stability and reliability. Unforeseen pressure drops within the filter layer hinted at microchannel blockages. Electron microscopy inspection and test result analysis suggested adhesion of catalyst particles to microfiltration channel surfaces within the filter layer. Experimental data and fluid dynamics analyses were utilized to reconstruct actual effective microchannel apertures under diverse temperature and fluid settings, unveiling a gradual narrowing mechanism of microchannels in colder temperatures. Enhanced magnetism exhibited by catalyst and filter materials at lower temperatures emerged as a major driver behind magnetic adhesion, significantly contributing to microchannel constriction. Besides magnetic forces, fluid-solid interface tensions influenced the flow dynamics within liquid hydrogen microchannels, leading to heightened particle adhesion and consequent dimensional reductions in surface channels. Successful adjustments in filtration accuracy substantially alleviated the ortho-para converter's resistance from over 100 kPa–22 kPa. This research bears profound implications for the widespread application of liquid hydrogen systems. • Catalyst resistance is crucial to the operability and reliability of liquid hydrogen systems. • Catalyst dust adhesion blockages lead to variable flow resistance. • Adhesion mechanisms consisted of liquid-solid tension, magnetic and electrostatic forces. • Observed cryogenically enhanced magnetism effects were for 316L stainless steel and catalyst. • Actual filtration precision exceeds nominal values, recommended precision 5–25 μm for catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor worldwide, posing challenges due to its poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were demonstrated as a subset of cancer cells responsible for tumor initiation and progression, and their inherent resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy critically contributes to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Promoting the eradication of cancer stem cells is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatments. This study introduces a novel therapeutic strategy utilizing polyhedral magnetic nanoparticles (PMNPs) functionalized with CD44 antibodies and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to improve uptake by gastric cancer stem cells (MCSCs). PMNPs, synthesized via thermal decomposition, exhibited a diameter of 90 nm ± 9 nm and a saturation magnetization of 79.9 emu/g. Functionalization enhanced their uptake capabilities. Under a rotating magnetic field (RMF) of 15 Hz, PMNPs disrupted cellular structure, leading to apoptosis and ferroptosis in MCSCs. The in vitro studies showed significant reduction in MCSCs viability, while in vivo studies demonstrated tumor growth suppression with minimal side effects and high biocompatibility. This work presents a novel strategy for designing magnetic nanoparticles to mechanically destroy cancer stem cells, offering a more efficient and safety treatment option for gastric cancer. [Display omitted] • Gastric cancer stem cells (MCSCs) serves as a linchpin in the genesis and progression of gastric cancer. • This dual functionalization enhances the uptake of polygonal magnetic nanoparticles (PMNPs) by gastric cancer stem cells. • Under a rotating magnetic field of 15 Hz, PMNPs induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in MCSCs by disrupting cellular structures. • The PMNPs system showed remarkable efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth in vivo and has significant biocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

—In state of the art high-precision motion systems, which utilize magnetic levitation, a quasi-zero stiffness gravity compensation is one of the essentials to improve dynamic performance, eliminate position dependency and thus simplify controller design. Special configurations of permanent magnets, such as Halbach magnet arrays, can realize magnetic levitation as a form of magnetic spring. However, unlike conventional permanent magnet machines with large stiffness, the quasi-zero stiffness magnetic spring requires higher modeling accuracy for force estimation, which is affected by the nonlinear reluctance effect of permanent magnets. In this study, we propose an accurate magnetic modeling method for the quasi-zero stiffness magnetic spring. By correcting the reluctance effect of magnets, the proposed magnetic model achieves superior accuracy estimating levitation force and stiffness to the conventional surface current model. Using the reluctance-corrected magnetic model, tolerance analysis was performed to identify dominant geometric parameters affecting the uncertainty of the Halbach array magnetic spring performance. A Monte-Carlo simulation was used to estimate the overall tolerance of magnetic forces and stiffness. The experimental results fit in the tolerances. • Accurate analytical model for Halbach array linear magnetic spring (HMS) considering magnet's reluctance. • The model estimates the level of quasi-zero stiffness of the HMS accurately. • Performance variations were quantitatively estimated with some dominant tolerances identified. • Overall uncertainties were evaluated using the Monte-Carlo method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the important role played by the valence state of the transition metal in determining material this paper investigates the effect of Fe2+ content on the structure and dielectric properties of garnet-structured high entropy oxides (Y 0.2 Eu 0.2 Er 0.2 Dy 0.2 Lu 0.2) 3 (Al 0·5 Fe 0.5) 5 O 12 through Fe2+ doping. The results of XPS and Mӧssbauer spectra showed that the Fe2+ content in the tetrahedron increased with Fe2+ doping. With increasing Fe2+ content, the dielectric constants gradually increased, and the maximum dielectric constant reached 2.78 × 104 at 100 Hz under 30 °C. The analysis of the AC impedance spectrum and electrical conductivity revealed that the difference between the activation energy of grain boundary and grain conductivity resulted in increased dielectric constants of the samples. In addition, the doping of Fe2+ increased the maximum magnetization of the samples. This work provides a new idea for designing giant dielectric materials and magnetic materials with a high entropy strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interfaces between superconductors and other materials have long been established as being an important part in the exploration of new physics to aid in our understanding of superconductivity and open us up to new technological advancements. Herein this article we analyse the recent progress made in the understanding of superconductivity at the interfaces involving a wide range of functional materials, mostly looking at two-dimensional (2D) systems. We start off in the first half of this review by focusing on magnetic and superconductive hybrid heterostructures, as well as the resulting physical phenomena from these systems. The first is a section on vortex and anti-vortex phenomena; the second key area is ferromagnet–superconductor hybrid phenomena with particular interest of magnetic skyrmions, the third is the novel frontier based on 2D magnetic and superconductive interfaces particularly examining Ising superconductivity at these interfaces; the fourth is superconductivity at anti-ferromagnetic interfaces and finally half-metals at superconducting interfaces. The second half of this review focuses on superconductivity at insulating and other functional interfaces. Examining firstly, Mott insulator interfaces with wide ranging discussions about how such interfaces can enhance our understanding in high-temperature superconductive cuprates and other unconventional superconductor systems such as the nickelates; in the second section the interface of 2D and 3D ferroelectric materials with superconductors with a key emphasis on devices that have been developed to control the superconducting phase; Topological insulators at interfaces with superconductors is the third section; and lastly 2D twisted material interfaces are explored, including the newly discovered magic angle interfaces discovered with graphene and other van Der Waals materials. It is anticipated that this review will lead to further interest in such interfaces to improve our understanding and expose the exotic science behind these interfaces. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare-earth-based oxides are gradually becoming a new research hotspot in cryogenic magnetic refrigeration due to their advantages in bulk preparation and application. Magnetic transition from AFM to FM in EuTiO 3 provides an effective strategy for modulating magnetism and enhancing magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in this magnetic system. Herein the structure, magnetism, and MCE of a series of Ta-doped EuTiO 3 perovskites were investigated in detail. A significant lattice expansion was achieved by partially substituting Ta for B-site Ti without altering the crystal configuration, which tailors the cryogenic magnetism and MCEs of these compounds. Lattice expansion enhances ferromagnetic coupling, weakens antiferromagnetic super-exchange, and promotes the AFM-FM transition in EuTiO 3 , which enhances the low-field MCEs. The phase transition temperature of the compound increases from 5.5 K to about 9.5 K with increasing Ta doping. The values of − Δ S M max and RC of EuTi 0.9375 Ta 0.0625 O 3 are 15.9 J kg−1 K−1and 67.8 J kg−1 under magnetic field change of 0–1 T, which are enhanced by 44.5% and 105.5% over EuTiO 3 , respectively. Although a decrease in the magnetic entropy change occurs with increasing Ta doping, the refrigerating capacity is improved due to the broadened temperature range. This work not only provides a strategy for tailoring magnetic phase transition and MCE of magnetocaloric materials, but also offers effective candidates for magnetic refrigeration over a wide temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the evolution of superparamagnetism (SPM) at room temperature is observed in the reactive magnetron sputter deposited amorphous Al-N-O alloy thin films after irradiation with oxygen ions (O−). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis reveals the presence of notable Al-vacancy (V Al) in as-grown Al-N-O alloy thin film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms nitrogen trapping at V Al sites for thermodynamic stability, forming the Al(NO y) x phase. Upon the irradiation using O− at low fluence, i.e. 5 × 1013 ions/cm2, mainly V Al -O N complexes emerged. Here O N refers to nitrogen replaced by oxygen. Furthermore, an increase in oxygen fluence from 1 × 1015 to 2 × 1016 ions/cm2 yields the cross-over from V Al -O N complexes to mainly V Al , due to knocking off the trapped nitrogen atoms at V Al sites. From depth-resolved positron beam-based Doppler broadening measurements, the greater density of V Al sites is noticed in the film irradiated with the highest fluence of O− ion, i.e., 2 × 1016 ions/cm2. The correlation between the elevation of V Al sites with O− irradiation dose is in excellent agreement with the emergence of superparamagnetism (SPM) in the films. Hence, the emergence of SPM in the film after irradiation has been attributed to the creation of V Al sites, which leads to a localized magnetic moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] As ideal and smart stimuli-responsive materials for soft actuators, artificial muscles, etc., liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) can respond to external stimuli, including heat, light, electricity, magnetism, humidity, etc., and make corresponding deformations. Among these external stimuli, magnetic stimulus is featured by remote and contactless control, fast, precise, extremely strong penetration, safe, easy tunability, and so on. By doping magnetic nanoparticles into LCEs, their actuation and motion can be triggered by magnetic fields or forces untetheredly, remotely, and highly precisely. Therefore, the magnetic nanoparticles endow LCEs with magneto-responsiveness, opening doors to LCEs for many unique potential uses, such as magnetic read-out, magnetic valves, magnetic switches, and so on. This review summarizes recent advances in magneto-responsive LCE nanocomposites. Their fabrication is comprehensively discussed. New properties of magneto-responsive LCEs brought by magnetic nanoparticles are also thoroughly reviewed. Their promising applications are subsequently summarized and explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attractive physical properties of perovskite manganese make them fundamental building blocks for oxide spintronic devices. However, defects and lattice distortions can lead to extrinsic properties, especially cation vacancies, severely compromising device performance. In particularly, many intriguing properties, such as the emergence of magnetism and two-dimensional high-mobility electron gases, are closely related to cation vacancies. In this study, we deposited a series of La x MnO 3 epitaxial thin films with varying contents of La3+ vacancies on SrTiO 3 (100) substrates, with the presence of La3+ vacancies verified by using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy spectrum. The reduction in La3+ vacancies led to stronger ferromagnetism with an easy axis oriented along the (110) direction in LaMnO 3 thin films, along with the appearance of a monoclinic phase, indicating that the ferromagnetism possibly originated from the three-dimensional d 3 z 2 − r 2 / d x 2 − y 2 -alternated orbital order rather than the Mn3+/Mn4+ double exchange effect. This result implies that the consistent regulation of cation vacancies by pulsed laser deposition can modulate both the structure and physical properties of manganate films, thereby enabling control over device properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transient Stokes magnetohydrodynamic (Stokes MHD) equations are thoroughly investigated in this paper using the variational subgrid multiscale stabilized finite element approach. In order to get the optimal order of convergence, appropriate stabilization parameter expressions have been derived using Fourier analysis. The theoretical convergence analysis of the subgrid algebraic stabilized numerical scheme is also presented in this study. The numerical studies on multiply-driven cavity flow establish the credibility of the variational algebraic subgrid multiscale stabilized finite element approach. Further, the theoretically determined convergence rate is numerically validated. For different Hartmann, Reynolds, and magnetic force inclination angle values, the flow fields are traced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic elastic abrasive particles possess magnetism, low elasticity, and excellent grinding performance. Utilizing a double magnetic disk magnetic force tool for passivation can significantly enhance the efficiency and quality of passivation. Firstly, a mathematical model for the impact depth and volume on the tool is established. Secondly, using the simulation software ABAQUS, a simulation model is constructed to investigate the influence of grit size, quantity of abrasives, impact angle, disk rotation speed, and tool rotation speed on stress, energy, impact depth, and impact volume. Furthermore, the feasibility of the simulation and the reliability of the mathematical model are verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing multifunctional nanomaterials through the design and construction of advanced nanostructures that are highly compatible with various substances is a crucial approach. In this work, special-shaped Janus nanobelt with both up-conversion luminescence (UCL) and magnetism is firstly designed and fabricated via a conjugate electrospinning coupled with a di-crucible fluorination. [YF 3 : Yb3+, Ho3+@SiO 2 ] belt-in-belt nanobelt//CoFe 2 O 4 nanobelt conjugate electrospinning-constructed special-shaped Janus nanobelt (shorted as C-SJNB) was designed and successfully prepared for a case study. C-SJNB is composed of two mutually independent micro-zones, which are YF 3 : Yb3+, Ho3+@SiO 2 belt-in-belt nanobelt (BNB) called as luminescent micro-zone, and CoFe 2 O 4 magnetic nanobelt acted as magnetic micro-zone. In the C-SJNB structure, the design ensures that the luminescent substance does not directly contact with the magnetic substance, thereby reducing the adverse effects of the dark-brown magnetic CoFe 2 O 4 on the luminescent performance. C-SJNBs with structural advantages exhibit 7 times the UCL intensity compared to counterpart luminescent-magnetic YF 3 : Yb3+, Ho3+/SiO 2 /CoFe 2 O 4 hybrid nanobelts (HNBs) prepared by uniaxial electrospinning. Further, compared with [YF 3 : Yb3+, Ho3+@SiO 2 ]//CoFe 2 O 4 parallel electrospinning-constructed special-shaped Janus nanobelt (shorted as P-SJNB), C-SJNB possesses a higher quality of micro-morphology, and avoids the degradation of luminescence performance caused by the mixing of magnetic and luminescent substances at the interface. The UCL intensity and magnetism of C-SJNBs can be adjusted by changing the content of CoFe 2 O 4. When the CoFe 2 O 4 content increases from 0.5 mmol to 4 mmol, the saturation magnetization of C-SJNBs increases from 4.42 to 13.94 emu·g−1. The newly established technology eliminates the needs for complex electrospinning and post-processing procedures. The formation mechanism of C-SJNBs has been established, providing technical support for synthesizing other Janus nanobelts with a belt-in-belt structure on one side. These advanced Janus nanobelts are ideal for developing poly-functional nanomaterials and have important applications in dual-mode imaging, display devices, batteries, drug loading and delivery. [Display omitted] • A brand-new belt-in-belt nanobelt//nanobelt shaped Janus nanobelt is advanced. • Janus nanobelt is made by conjugate electrospinning with di-crucible fluorination. • Partition of four independent domains in Janus nanobelt is microscopically realized. • Conjugate electrospinning is better to prepare Janus nanobelts than parallel one. • Janus nanobelts have tuned magnetism and enhanced green upconversion fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor photolithography equipment requires an actuation system that can satisfy high acceleration and precision demands on the nanoscale in order to operate with high throughput and efficiency. Reluctance actuators, which offer greater acceleration and force output than conventional Lorentz actuators, are one option. The photolithography technique uses a floating stage with air bearings to reduce friction; nonetheless, vibration transfer is not completely prevented, potentially causing misalignment and asymmetries between the actuator components. The output force can be significantly impacted by unequal offsets between the mover and stator. In the paper that follows, a technique for calculating the force of various asymmetrical instances for the C-core reluctance actuator is demonstrated. This paper looks into the effect of rotational offsets in all rotational degrees of freedom occurring simultaneously. Previously, only each degree of freedom was analyzed. Analytical models are developed and compared to Comsol Multiphysics (COMSOL) simulations, and experimental findings show accuracy to be within almost 10% for the ranges examined. The findings presented can allow for future control systems to be designed to counteract multi-axial asymmetric issues. • Derived an analytical equation of the output force under multi-axial angular offsets. • Implemented a FEM setup to further tune the analytical output force equation. • Tested experimentally on multi-axial offset cases to verify the analytical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports on the properties of glasses and glass-ceramics isolated in a novel ternary system Na 2 O–NiO-(1-x)P 2 O 5 –xV 2 O 5 with varying concentrations of V 2 O 5 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mol%). The materials were prepared by melting the mixture of reagents with stoichiometric proportions. Their amorphous and crystalline nature was confirmed via the XRD analysis. The vitreous feature and thermal parameters of the glasses were explored using differential scanning calorimetry. The density values have shown an increase and a slight decrease in the molar volume with the increase in the V 2 O 5 content. The elemental composition of the glass and glass-ceramics was studied using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In addition, the study examined the influence of the composition on the structure of the materials using both IR and Raman spectroscopies. XRD analysis of annealed samples revealed the presence of different crystalline phases depending on the V 2 O 5 content. The EPR results were influenced by the variation of concentration of V 2 O 5 and indicated the presence of V4+ ions in octahedral sites with tetragonal compression. The analysis of the magnetization according to the magnetic field at different temperatures showed a ferromagnetic behavior at low temperatures and a paramagnetic one at higher temperatures for all glasses. Magnetic susceptibility data reveal a Curie-Weiss behavior and the predominance of antiferromagnetic interactions. The dielectric studies were conducted as a function of temperature and frequencies to evaluate the composition effect on the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and ionic conductivity. Electrical features were also examined using impedance spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel strategy has been devised to synthesize directly GdF 3 :Tb3+,Sm3+@SiO 2 belt-in-belt structured nanoribbons by uniaxial electrospinning technique and subsequent fluorination approach. GdF 3 :Tb3+,Sm3+@SiO 2 belt-in-belt structured nanoribbons with sheathed ribbon structure have large specific surface area and unique void space structure between the inner and outer ribbons, which enables materials possess extraordinary applications in cancer therapy, drug delivery, sensors, catalysis, etc. The average widths of the inner and outer layers of the GdF 3 :Tb3+,Sm3+@SiO 2 belt-in-belt structured nanoribbons are 1.60 ± 0.03 μm and 1.87 ± 0.02 μm, respectively. Furthermore, GdF 3 :1%Tb3+,x%Sm3+@SiO 2 and GdF 3 :y%Tb3+,2%Sm3+@SiO 2 belt-in-belt structured nanoribbons (x = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; y = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2) have also been successfully constructed to observe energy transfer phenomenon and tunable changes in light color. Energy transfer from Tb3+ ions to Sm3+ ions has been proved according to the measured luminescence spectra of the samples. More importantly, Tb3+, Sm3+ co-doped GdF 3 @SiO 2 belt-in-belt structured nanoribbons simultaneously exhibit multicolor luminescent and paramagnetic dual functional performances owing to the natural magnetic moment of Gd3+ ions, making materials have potential applications in flat-panel displays, lasers, biomarkers, and magnetic resonance imaging. In this work, a novel and high-efficient approach is presented to construct photoluminescence-magnetism dual functional GdF 3 :Tb3+,Sm3+@SiO 2 belt-in-belt structured nanoribbons, providing theoretical basis and technical guidance for the simple construction of other nanomaterials with special structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is devoted to gradient Gibbs measures (GGMs) of an SOS model with countable set Z of spin values and having alternating magnetism on Cayley trees. This model is defined by a nearest-neighbour gradient interaction potential. Using Külske-Schriever argument, based on boundary law equations, we give several q -height-periodic translations invariant GGMs for q = 2, 3, 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frustration in magnetic materials arising from competing exchange interactions can prevent the system from adopting long-range magnetic order and can instead lead to a diverse range of novel quantum and topological states with exotic quasiparticle excitations. Here, we review prominent examples of such states, including magnetically-disordered and extensively degenerate spin ices with emergent magnetic monopole excitations, highly-entangled quantum spin liquids with fractional spinon excitations, topological order, and emergent gauge fields, as well as complex particle-like topological spin textures known as skyrmions. We provide an overview of recent advances in the search for magnetically-disordered candidate materials on the three-dimensional pyrochlore lattice and two-dimensional triangular, kagome and honeycomb lattices, the latter with bond-dependent Kitaev interactions, and on lattices supporting topological magnetism. We highlight experimental signatures of these often elusive phenomena and single out the most suitable experimental techniques that can be used to detect them. Our review also aims at providing a comprehensive guide for designing and investigating novel frustrated magnetic materials, with the potential of addressing some important open questions in contemporary condensed matter physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a piezoelectric-electromagnetic energy harvester based on magnetic coupling for wind energy harvesting. The prototype utilizes magnetic force between the rotating magnets and fixed magnets to transmit mechanical energy and generate electricity through the piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) and electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH) components. The magnetic coupling exerts a non-contact force extending the PZT's lifespan, while the presence of multiple magnets introduces frequency up-conversion, contributing to an increase of the output power. Meanwhile, the rational arrangement of the magnets results in a small start-up wind speed for the harvester. The electromechanical coupling of the wind energy harvester (WEH) is modeled, and the key parameters affecting the characteristics of PEH and EMEH are thoroughly analyzed through experiments and simulations. By synergising the advantages of PEH and EMEH, WEH is capable of effectively charging a 470 μF capacitor to 13.44 V in 50 s. • The magnetically coupled mechanism benefits long-term reliability and the closed structure can resist external disturbances. • The harvesting efficiency is enhanced by the hybrid principle and the frequency up-conversion mechanism. • The prototype has a smaller resistance torque due to the rational magnet arrangement and a low start-up wind speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spinel oxides, which have the structure AB 2 O 4 and are distinguished by their exceptional magnetic, electric, and multiferroic properties and exhibit a wide range of functional responses in the category of oxides. The cobalt chromate (CoCr 2 O 4) is well-known as a multiferroic-magnetoelctric (ME) material. It belongs to the magnetic spinal oxide family and is noted for its complicated spiral ferromagnetic(FM) orderings. To enhance the magnetic properties of the CoCr 2 O 4 , in this work we have chosen Lanthanum (La3+) 0.05 mol% doped cobalt chromites (CoCr 2 O 4) nanoparticles. The solution combustion method was utilized to synthesize the nanomaterial, where urea and glucose were used as fuels. The Structural exploration of the Co 0.95 La 0.05 Cr 2 O 4 nanoparticles were clarified using powder X-ray diffraction. To understand the microstructure properties we have carried out high-resolution electron microscopy and it reveals highly porous nature. In FTIR spectra the two main absorption bands at 507 cm−1 and 616 cm−1 were observed which confirm the formation of spinal chromates. The TGA results revealed a slow thermal degradation, and the sample has a thermal stability that is greater than the temperature range tested. Researchers have examined the changes in temperature and magnetic field affected the magnetic properties of materials over time (ZFC & FC). In comparison to the bulk sample, the Curie temperature at which samples transition from a paramagnetic (PM) state to a collinear short-range ferromagnetic (FM) state is significantly lower. This temperature is denoted as T C -98 K deteriorated with time in terms of quality. At low temperatures, there is no magnetic transition that can be identified between the short-range FM order and the long-range spiral spin structure. This is in contrast to the magnetic transitions that can be discovered in bulk. What gives rise to all of the intriguing qualities that have been described above is the presence of weak magnetic frustration, which is very much connected to super-exchange interactions and is found along different paths such as A-O-A, B–O–B, and A-O-B. This presence is what gives rise to all of the intriguing characteristics that have been described above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disturbance suppression of magnetic levitation turbomolecular pumps is a critical problem in industrial applications. This work addresses the stability control of high-speed magnetic levitation turbomolecular pumps with shock-excited disturbance. A disturbance suppression method based on improved linear extended state observer is proposed to attenuate the impact of external low-frequency disturbing force on a magnetic levitation turbomolecular pump. Firstly, a linear extended state observer of an active magnetic bearing is obtained by analyzing the rotor dynamics model. Then, the detailed descriptions of external disturbance suppression method using linear extended state observers and adaptive notch filters are discussed for the system. The boundary condition of the parameters of the improved linear extended state observer is determined. The root loci of the closed-loop system with improved linear extended state observers is also investigated. Finally, simulation and experimental results on a magnetic levitation turbomolecular pump show the applicability of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can attenuate the rotor vibration displacement caused by impact by 46.9%. [Display omitted] • We analyzed the performance of conventional LESO. • We use the ANF+LESO scheme to complete the disturbance suppression. • The performance of the proposed scheme is better than that of conventional LESO. • The operation results of the actual MLTMP system are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic magnetism has been recently realized using spatiotemporal modulation patterns, producing non-reciprocal steering of charge-neutral particles such as photons and phonons. Here, we design and experimentally demonstrate a non-reciprocal acoustic system composed of three compact cavities interlinked with both dynamic and static couplings, in which phase-correlated modulations induce a synthetic magnetic flux that breaks time-reversal symmetry. Within the rotating wave approximation, the transport properties of the system are controlled to efficiently realize large non-reciprocal acoustic transport. By optimizing the coupling strengths and modulation phases, we achieve frequency-preserved unidirectional transport with 45-dB isolation ratio and 0.85 forward transmission. Our results open to the realization of acoustic non-reciprocal technologies with high efficiency and large isolation, and offer a route towards Floquet topological insulators for sound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of wire coating occurs in various applications in manufacturing systems, cables, drawing of sheets, polymer industries etc. The current investigation deals with the study of the reverse coating phenomenon of magnetized non-Newtonian fluid. A pseudoplastic material with applications of magnetic force is considered and the rheological impact based on the non-Newtonian model is investigated. The thin layer of pseudoplastic material is coated when it travels due to the small gap conveying by two reverse coating rollers. The formulation of problem is based on lubrication approximation theory. Both analytical and numerical simulations are performed, and the corresponding results are compared. The numerical assessment is based on the shooting technique while analytical outcomes are obtained using perturbation technique. The effects of the governing parameters on the flow profiles are depicted. The main parameters influence the flow are the Weissenberg number and velocity ratio parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ba–Sr hexaferrite nanoparticles were produced using Sol-Gel auto combustion, whereas carrier fluid ultrasonication dispersion and in-situ polymerization were used to synthesize their composites with MWCNTs and conductive polymers. Structural investigations were accomplished using X-rays diffraction, secondary electron microscopy, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy. The low frequency dielectric measurements revealed increased dielectric losses (304 at 100 Hz for pure nanoparticles, which increases up to 2721 and 7861 for ternary composites within polyaniline and Polythiophene matrix), indicating good energy dissipation behavior. The diminishing magnetism resulted from the weakening of exchange coupling or domain wall pinning at the interface of Ferrite-MWCNTs and Ferrite-Polymer, causing the shifting of magnetic resonance peak towards lower frequency in the shielding effectiveness (Absorption) plots. Increasing DC conductivity adds to the nominal increase of Shielding effectiveness (Reflection) values owing to the rise in charge carrier conduction. The maximum total shielding effectiveness, perceived for the composition of Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Fe 12 O 19 /MWCNTs/Polythiophene, was −34 dB and −33 dB at 8.1 GHz and 16.2 GHz, respectively. The microwave absorption of our samples was evaluated as a function of frequency and thickness, revealing its dependence on the quarter wavelength phenomenon with maximum reflection loss of −39 dB observed for ternary composite with Polythiophene matrix at 7.4 GHz resonance frequency. The resonance bands coincide with the operating frequency of military radars for shipborne and airborne surveillance and navigation in the X band. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Developed a magnetic-recyclable photo-Fenton catalyst ZnFe 2 O 4 @MIL-88A. • ZnFe 2 O 4 @MIL-88A exhibits excellent photocatalytic degradation performance towards levofloxacin. • Tntermediates during the photo-Fenton reaction process were studied in depth. Monotonic pore size and particles inseparability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) caused serious effects on its light absorption ability and charge separation, restricting its application for antibiotic such as levofloxacin (LEV) degradation in water. In this study, a magnetically detachable nano-photocatalyst (ZnFe 2 O 4 @MIL-88A(Fe)) was synthesized using a simple two-step hydrothermal technique. The morphology and microstructure analyses showed that n-type ZnFe 2 O 4 catalyst particles were efficiently assembled onto the surface of MIL-88A(Fe) crystal. Photocatalytic activity studies indicated that the ZnFe 2 O 4 @MIL-88A(Fe) plus H 2 O 2 exhibiting a significantly boosted photo-Fenton activity toward LEV at visible light irradiation, compared to the pure ZnFe 2 O 4 and MIL-88A(Fe), the degradation efficiency accordingly reached up to nearly 82% and 25% within 60 min. This excellent photocatalytic performance was ascribed to the synergistic effects of the heterogeneous structure of ZnFe 2 O 4 and MIL-88A(Fe), whereby the efficient separation of charge carriers in the catalytic system is mutually reinforced with the efficient reduction of Fe3+ and Fe2+. Meanwhile, the degradation mechanism and intermediates of LEV during the photo-Fenton reaction process were also studied in depth through free radical burst, electron paramagnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry analyses, etc. Additionally, the ZnFe 2 O 4 @MIL-88A(Fe) composite catalyst displayed significant stability and ease of separation, indicating potential for the photo-oxidative degradation of organic pollutants. Graphical Abstract [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphous-crystalline nanoparticles (NPles) of maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3) were successfully prepared by a radiation-chemical method using a precursor-heptahydrate of iron (II) sulfate. Synthesized NPles were quasi-spherical agglomerates 200–300 nm in size with an uneven surface covered with thin, porous, randomly oriented, elongated plates of irregular shape, with sharp vertices. The amorphous component of NPles included ultra-fine NPles maghemite about 2 nm in size. Stepwise annealing of the original nanopowder (NP) in air showed a phase transformation of NPles along the following path: maghemite + amorph (RT-150 °C) →amorph (200–500 °C) →hematite (570–1050 °C). The hematite NP produced after annealing at a temperature of 575 °C showed good texture characteristics: the specific surface area (SSA) increased from 21 to 36.8 m2/g, the pore volume increased from 0.04 to 0.15 cm3/g, while maintaining the particle nanosize of not more than 38 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the presence of the following elements on the surface of the synthesized NPles –S, C, O, Fe and N (N only in the original sample S0) and increased O–Fe bond with an increase in annealing temperature. The paramagnetic properties of the studied NPles indicate the prospect of their use as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). • The amorphous-crystalline NPles maghemite with protuberances were produced by means of radiation-chemical method. • After annealing at 200 °C, the amorphous crystalline NP became completely amorphous and maintained it up to 500 °C. • Under dynamic heating, the phase transformations were carried out according to the following scheme: [Display omitted] • Hematite NPles size after annealing at 575 °C did not exceed 38 nm • Paramagnetic, photoluminescent and photocatalytic properties of the produced NPles indicate their high potential in medicine and catalysis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In soils of the temperate zone, there is an increase in the magnetic susceptibility χ of an upper layer compared to χ C of parent rocks. The difference between χ and χ C characterizes the magnetic "enhancement" Δχ, which is usually considered as associated with mean annual precipitation (MAP), allowing the reconstruction of MAP of the past from Δχ values of paleosols. which is widely enough used. However, in regions with a wide MAP range, non-monotonic dependence of Δχ on MAP is observed, making this reconstruction ambiguous. To construct climatic functions for reconstructing the past climate, we subdivided the south of European Russia into three regions, where climatic functions such as MAP(Δχ) of modern soils are monotonic and close to linear. These regions are relatively dry, humid, and semi-humid cold. We considered an extended set of climatic features including potential evapotranspiration (PET), actual evapotranspiration (AET), water deficit (WD = PET–AET), moisture index (MI = MAP/PET), an index of De Martonne (IDM = MAP/(MAT+10), where MAT is the mean annual temperature). The links of Δχ with MAP were positive in dry and negative in humid and semi-humid cold where they are weaker, but there were closer links with temperature-dependent WD and PET. Reliable (with R 2 > 0.7) climatic functions were constructed for dry and semi-humid cold, but such reliable functions were absent in humid part. Since the differences in soil - forming material, it is necessary to identify some parameter to characterize lithological factors. For this reason, we include in consideration median grain sizes (lgSz) in soil profiles and total iron (Fet) to obtain some explanations for the results. Although the use of Δχ, lgSz and Fe t together made the climatic functions more reliable (R 2 ∼ 0.8), but Δχ played the main role, while lgSz and Fe t were not always significant. Based on the obtained data, it appears possible to provide a more detailed subdivision of paleoecological periods in the Late Holocene for the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the Eastern Europe. Taking into account the diversity of soil conditions in different regions, equations using soil profile MS enhancement to reconstruct rainfall should be used locally and regionally, taking into account the identified limitations and eliminating the possible ambiguity of reconstructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wave energy is a huge renewable energy resource with great potential for development. It can be used to power monitoring sensors on offshore work platforms and bridges. In this paper, a novel piezoelectric wave energy harvester based on cylindrical-conical buoy structure and magnetic coupling (C-PWEH) is proposed. As the wave oscillates up and down, it drives the buoy up and down and forces the piezoelectric patches to deform under magnetic force, thereby collecting the energy from the wave. The efficiency of the wave energy conversion can be improved by optimising the design of the buoy. With magnetic coupling, the low-frequency wave motion can be converted into high-frequency vibrations of the piezoelectric patches thus enabling the device to achieve a better output performance. Experiment findings reveal that the C-PWEH may deliver effective energy production when subjected to wave excitation. When the best matching resistance is 5000Ω, the maximum output power of 41.5 mW can be obtained. Under the optimal experimental parameters, 82 LEDs can be illuminated and power storage tests are performed using capacitors, further demonstrating the feasibility of the C-PWEH powering some low-power sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a series of adsorbent magnetic cobalt carbohydrate-based (carbon source: glucose, maltose, and starch) carbon adsorbents (Co-Cs) can be rapidly prepared for the removal of tetracycline (TC) from water using a self-propagating combustion method. The results of batch adsorption experiments show that the composites exhibit excellent adsorption performance (maximum adsorption capacity of 430.54 mg/g) towards TC in a wide pH range of 2–10. As the concentration of humic acid (2–10 mg/L) increased, its adsorption capacity enhanced from 176.51 to 281.63 mg/g by forming bridge bonds. Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich models are more suitable for describing adsorption data. In addition, the hydrogen bond, complexation, and conjugation effect were the major adsorption mechanisms. The adsorption experiments of high concentration TC water samples were tested with hospital wastewater (adsorption capacity up to 236.31 mg/g), which provided some guidance for further practical application. The proposed synthetic strategy provides an efficient, excellent versatility and energy saving method for the preparation of high-performance magnetic adsorbents. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents an investigation of the microstructural and superconducting properties of standard single-grain bulk superconductor Y–Ba–Cu–O (YBCO) and samples fabricated with artificial holes. It was shown that the presence of artificial holes reduces the absolute porosity of the sample. The presence of artificial holes did not improve the homogeneity of oxygen distribution in the samples after oxygenation. The distribution of Y211 particles in the samples has a negligible effect on the macroscopic superconducting properties. In the process of crystal growth, the ellipticity of the introduced holes and their displacement in the direction of crystal growth in the growth sectors arise. Macroscopic superconducting properties, such as levitation force and trapped magnetic field at 77 K, were supplemented by magnetization measurements of superconducting transition temperature and critical current density. The levitation force and the trapped magnetic field were higher for the sample with holes. For the measured trapped magnetic field, the decrease of the porosity in the a-growth sectors, which have a higher volume fraction of Y 2 BaCuO 5 (Y211) particles, and consequently stronger pinning, is significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of magnetic force on O 2 /N 2 gas selectivity was studied using a gas permeameter composed of porous alumina and a commercial neodymium magnet. First, the effect of the pore size of the porous body on gas transmission rate (GTR) was investigated. The influence of the magnet on the porous alumina with a low flow rate was observed. Second, the relationship between magnetic flux density and gas selectivity was estimated. In this study, the porous alumina has a magnetic flux density of ≥317 mT. Finally, the effect of temperature on O 2 /N 2 gas selectivity was evaluated. No change in GTR was observed up to 255 K. At 225 K, O 2 molecules were found to respond to magnets. Furthermore, the results of a series of experiments indicated that the attractive force of the magnet effectively works to limit O 2 gas permeation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, double perovskites of Gd 2 FeMnO 6 (GFMO) are successfully prepared using the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction results indicate that GFMO has an orthogonal structure (space group Pnma). Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show mixed-valence states of 3d transition ions. A further analysis of thermomagnetic data suggests that, in addition to the canted antiferromagnetism and spin reorientation, there is also a Griffiths phase with an antiferromagnetic ground state caused by ferromagnetic short-range interactions and confirmed by electron spin resonance analysis. Antisite-disordered B-site ions give rise to different short-range magnetic orders, which disrupt the long-range ferromagnetic order of Fe–O–Mn, leading to the formation of a short-range ferromagnetic order. Furthermore, with magnetocaloric magnitudes of 17.0 J kg−1 K−1 for 0–50 kOe, GFMO polycrystalline is a promising candidate for magnetic refrigerants in the ultra-low temperature range. Finally, the change in magnetic entropy due to spin reorientation at room temperature (285K) has potential applications in thermostatic water bath switches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MAX phases are layered ternary carbides and nitrides with unique properties, doping transition metals in it is attracting significant attentions for the processing of this relatively new class of materials. In this paper, a magnetic solid solution MAX phase V 2 (Sn 1− x A x)C (A = Mn, Fe, Co) was synthesized by doping Mn/Fe/Co atoms into V 2 SnC by pressure-less sintering. The XRD results show that when x = 0.4, the characteristic peak shifts to the right, and the substitution reaches saturation. SEM and TEM show that doping does not change the original layered morphology and hexagonal crystal form, but only the lattice constants decrease slightly. Magnetic test results indicate that V 2 (Sn 1− x A x)C is a typical low-temperature magnetic material with a Curie temperature around 60 K, and the magnetization increases with the increase of doping amount. Moreover, we explained the reasons of V 2 SnC doping A-site instead of M-site and the changing trend of the magnetic moments by first-principles calculations, which are consistent with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of SrRuO 3 (SRO) single crystalline thin films were grown epitaxially on the flexible substrate of fluorophlogopite by using pulsed laser deposition technology with a BaTiO 3 (BTO) buffer layer. The temperature and magnetic field dependences on magnetization were measured as the external field which is parallel and perpendicular to the film surface. The results indicate that the magnetic properties of SRO thin films, including Curie temperature T C , saturation magnetization M S , and coercivity H C , are strongly dependent on the film thickness and the bending state. M S increases from 280.63 to 422.39 emu/cm 3 as the film thickness increases from 50 to 200 nm while H C decreases from 1.35 to 0.72 T. T C is slightly increased from 155.41 to ∼ 160 K as the SRO thin films are subjected to convex or concave bending states. The regulation of mechanical bending and the variation of the film thickness exert significant influences on the magnetic properties of the SRO thin films and their potential application in flexible devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed magnetic composites of manganese ferrite and cristobalite (MnFe 2 O 4 –SiO 2) were produced by the solid-state reaction method, using as starting materials in natura ores found in the state of Rio Grande do Norte – Brazil. Based on the stoichiometric proportions of the precursor ores, various composites in the form of powders and pellets were synthesized at a temperature of 1200 °C/12h under ambient atmosphere. Samples in the form of pellets were made at compression pressures of 370 and 740 MPa to investigate the effect of pressure on the physicochemical, and dielectric properties of the material. Structural, morphological and magnetic analyses were studied for the series of samples. X-ray diffractogram (XRD) results confirmed the formation of the mixed spinel phase MnFe 2 O 4 with cubic symmetry and space group Fd-3m:1, together with peaks corresponding to SiO 2 –cristobalite. The Rietveld refinements identified a predominance of about 90% of the MnFe 2 O 4 phase with crystallite variations of 130–190 nm due to the effect of compaction pressure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) mappings show clusters of triangular crystals in the pellets series. Magnetic hysteresis cycles at room temperature show a fast magnetization saturation (M S) response in a field of ∼4 kOe, with parameters dependent on the size and shape of the crystallites. The magnetically soft ferrites exhibited very low coercive field values. The hysteretic curves measured at 5 K showed a significant gain in the M S of ∼30 emu/g. Analyzes of magnetization as a function of temperature identified a blocked regime with a maximum ∼97 K (powder) and ∼170 K (pellets), and an irreversibility of the ZFC–FC curves up to room temperature. An indication of a spin-glass (SG) like state close to 20 K can also be seen in these results. Dielectric characterization of the pellets was performed from 1.0 to 8.5 GHz, and presented well-defined behavior, where real permittivity can be highly related to Rietveld refinement of XRD, and SEM/EDS results. This research suggests the feasibility of producing manganese ferrite composites directly from minerals, without the use of high-purity chemical reagents, allowing their obtainment on a large scale for commercial use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the key concepts of electricity, electrical circuits and their practical applications to anaesthesia and patient safety. The principles of mass spectrometry and magnetic resonance imaging are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of high-entropy rare-earth iron garnet ceramic structure (Gd 0.2 Dy 0.2 Er 0.2 Y 0.2 RE 0.2) 3 Fe 5 O 12 (RE = Sm, Eu, Tm, Yb) powders were synthesised using a solid-phase method. In addition, the microstructure and magnetic properties of the (Gd 0.2 Dy 0.2 Er 0.2 Y 0.2 RE 0.2) 3 Fe 5 O 12 (RE = Sm, Eu, Tm, Yb) powders were evaluated. The (Gd 0.2 Dy 0.2 Er 0.2 Y 0.2 RE 0.2) 3 Fe 5 O 12 (RE = Sm, Eu, Tm, Yb) ceramics presented garnet crystal structure (Ia-3d), and their lattice parameters ranged between 12.3921 and 12.3644 Å. Moreover, the saturation magnetisation (M s) and coercivity (H c) of the ceramics ranged between 12.29 and 13.27 emu/g and between 18.46 and 19.87 Oe, respectively. The M s and H c values of the samples were comparable, indicating that magnetism of high-entropy rare-earth iron garnet ceramic can be fine-tuned by customising their composition. The magnetic properties of high-entropy rare-earth iron garnet ceramics have not yet been elucidated; however, previous studies have demonstrated that high-entropy rare-earth iron garnet ceramics present unique magnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]