Search

The experiment of 6.5–22.5 keV C − , O − and F − ions scattering on water covered Si(111) surface has been performed. It is found that the positive-ion fraction is very low and increases monotonically as a function of perpendicular exit velocity and exit angle. In particular, the negative-ion fraction increases monotonically with perpendicular exit velocity for specular scattering, and for a given incident energy the angle dependence of the fraction is nonmonotonic. We interpret the observed positive ions in terms of inelastic binary collision, and adopt a modified resonant charge transfer model to calculate the bell-shaped negative-ion fraction. We find that the neutral yield at short ion-surface distance is nonzero and obeys well an exponential dependence. It strongly indicates that a dynamical equilibrium for negative ion formation is never achieved at short distances, and the band gap effect on charge transfer can be neglected to a large extent in this relatively high energy region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • EffNet and ResNet excel in microalgae biomass quantitative monitoring. • Rhodophyta RGB trends are more suited for quantitative forecasts than Spirulina. • ResNet demonstrates greater generalization and robustness than EffNet. The effective monitoring of microalgae cultivation is crucial for optimizing their energy utilization efficiency. In this paper, a quantitative analysis method, using microalgae images based on two convolutional neural networks, EfficientNet (EFF) and residual network (RES), is proposed. Suspension samples prepared from two types of dried microalgae powders, Rhodophyta (RH) and Spirulina (SP), were used to mimic real microalgae cultivation settings. The method's prediction accuracy of the algae concentration ranges from 0.94 to 0.99. RH, with a distinctively pronounced red-green-blue value shift, achieves a higher prediction accuracy than SP. The prediction results of the two algorithms were significantly superior to those of a linear regression. Additionally, RES outperforms EFF in terms of its generalization ability and robustness, which is attributable to its distinct residual block architecture. The RES provides a viable approach for the image-based quantitative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The anti-OA effect of Salmonidae bone collagen peptide (CP) was assessed. • CP was confirmed to inhibit the matrix degradation both in vitro and in vivo. • CP suppressed the role of pro-inflammatory via inhibiting NF-κB signal. • CP impeded the serious destruction of subchondral bone. • CP effectively prevent osteoarthritis in pMMx models as a dietary supplement. Nowadays, the biological activity of collagen peptides has been revealed, but the effect of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) bone-derived collagen peptide (CPs) on osteoarthritis remains unclear. In this study, CPs was identified as a small molecular weight peptide rich in Gly-X-Y structure. Meanwhile, interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced hypertrophic chondrocytes and partial medial meniscectomy (pMMx) surgery model in rats were performed. In IL-1β stimulated chondrocytes, CPs significantly increased the type-II collagen content, reduced the type-X collagen abundance and chondrocytes apoptosis. Meanwhile, CPs reversed the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase, metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs and RUNX family transcription factor 2 in chondrocytes induced by IL-1β. In vivo , CPs increased pain tolerance of rats and without organ toxicity at 1.6 g/ kg.bw. CPs significantly decreased the levels of COMP and Helix-II in serum. Furthermore, a significant decrease of IL-1β in synovial fluid and cartilage tissue were observed by CPs intervention. From Micro-CT, CPs (0.8 g/ kg.bw) significantly decreased Tb.sp and SMI value. Meanwhile, the expression of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 were reduced by CPs administration both in vitro and in vivo. Together, CPs showed potential to be a novel and safe dietary supplement for helping anti-inflammatory and cartilage regeneration, ultimately hindering osteoarthritis development. However, the clear mechanism of CPs's positive effect on osteoarthritis needs to be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]