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Copyright of Journal of Medical Mycology / Journal de Mycologie Médicale is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Eighteen different extracts from five Annona species collected in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, were submitted to the brine shrimp lethality test in order to detect potential sources of novel cytotoxic, antitumor, pesticidal and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi compounds. All of the Annonaceous species tested showed good larvicidal activity as compared to a reference compounds and literature data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Bacteria present in effluents from the process of iron ore flotation were isolated and identified in an attempt to identify the microorganisms responsible for fatty amine degradation. Water samples collected at the tailings dam led to the identification of the bacterial species Serratia marcescens as the microorganism responsible for degradation, while in laboratory flotation conditions, a strain of Enterobacter cloacae was shown to be the biodegrading agent. Both S. marcescens and E. cloacae are Gram-negative, non-sporulated, mobile and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Monitoring of the effluent had shown that after 5 days, around 34% of amine was already consumed, increasing to 75% after 10 days; these data are important for testing the reuse of the fatty amines contained in effluents. Biodegradation experiments carried out with S. marcescens revealed the significant role of temperature and concentration on the biodegradation rate of the etheramine EDA 3B. For the concentration of 10 mg L−1, amine biodegradation rates are very close at all temperatures. However, as amine concentration increases, the influence of temperature can be better observed, mainly for concentrations of 40 and 60 mg L−1. This isolate will be potentially useful in biotreatment of wastewaters and bioremediation of contaminated soils. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The reactions of SnR 2 Cl 2 (R = Me, Bu or Ph) with sodium 4-phenylbutyrate, NaO 2 C(CH 2 ) 3 Ph (NaOPh b ), yielded three organotin carboxylates, namely [{(Me 2 SnOPh b ) 2 O} 2 ] ( 1 ), [Bu 2 Sn(OPh b ) 2 ] ( 2 ) and [{PhSn(O)OPh b } 6 ] ( 3 ). Complexes ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) have been spectroscopically authenticated by FT-IR, 119 Sn Mössbauer, and 1 H, 13 C{ 1 H} and 119 Sn{ 1 H} NMR techniques. In addition, the crystallographic structures of ( 1 )–( 3 ) have been determined by X-ray diffraction measurements. Complex ( 1 ) displays two signals in the solution 119 Sn NMR spectrum corresponding to the exo ( δ −176.3) and endo cyclic ( δ −188.4) SnMe 2 moieties, whereas ( 2 ) exhibits only one 119 Sn resonance ( δ −148.1). The crystallographic characterization of ( 1 ) confirms the centrosymmetric tetranuclear stannoxane structure and the existence of the exo and endo cyclic SnMe 2 moieties in the both distorted trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral environment, respectively. Complex ( 2 ) crystallises as a monomer in which the Sn(IV) cation lies at the centre of a distorted octahedron. The bonding scheme in ( 3 ) outlines a hexanuclear drum-like structure comprising two six-membered (–Sn–O–) 3 stannoxane rings. The supramolecular arrangements of ( 1 )–( 3 ) result from noncovalent interactions, namely Sn⋯O ( 1 ) and ( 2 ), C–H⋯π ( 1 ), and C–H⋯O ( 1 )–( 3 ). Finally, antifungal activities of all organotin derivatives have been screened against Candida albicans (ATCC 18804), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 750), Candida glabrata (ATCC 90030), Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019), Candida lusitaniae (CBS 6936), and Candida dubliniensis (clinical isolate 28). Complex ( 2 ) exhibited the best biocide activity amongst the three organotin products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two novel dithiocarbamate salts, [Na{S 2 CNR(R 1 )}] (i) , [Na{S 2 CNR(R 2 )}] (ii) , R = methyl, R 1 = CH 2 CH(OMe) 2 , R 2 = 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, previously synthesized by us, have been used in chemical reactions with triorganotin halides. Hence, five new complexes: [SnPh 3 {S 2 CNR(R 1 )}] (1) , [SnCy 3 {S 2 CNR(R 1 )}] (2) , [SnMe 3 {S 2 CNR(R 2 )}] (3) , [SnPh 3 {S 2 CNR(R 2 )}] (4) and [SnCy 3 {S 2 CNR(R 2 )}] (5) , [R = methyl, R 1 = CH 2 CH(OMe) 2 , and R 2 = 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane], have been isolated. All compounds were authenticated in terms of infrared, 1 H and 13 C NMR, and the complexes were also characterized using 119 Sn NMR, 119 Sn Mössbauer and X-ray crystallography, in the case of complexes (1) , (4) and (5) . The biological activity of all derivatives has been screened in terms of IC 90 (μmol L −1 ) and IC 50 (μmol L −1 ) against Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus parasiticus and Penicillium citrinum , and the results correlated well with a performed study of structure–activity relationship (SAR). Complexes (1) and (4) displayed nanomolar inhibition concentration in terms of IC 50 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Echinodorus macrophyllus Mich. (Chapéu-de-couro) is popularly used as diuretic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-rheumatic agents. Leaves of this species are largely commercialized and show high level of microbiological contamination (bacteria and fungi). This work describes the effect of the 60Co γ-radiation on the phenol fractions obtained from the leaves of E. macrophyllus. trans-Ferulic acid, (E)-caffeoyltartronic acid, 6-C-(1-hexitol)-apigenin, and 6-C-(1-hexitol)-luteolin were isolated by preparative HPLC. HPLC chromatograms showed concentration changes of some phenolic constituents, suggesting the formation of radiolytic products. The phenol fractions were active against Bacillus subitilis and Staphylococcus aureus and showed high antioxidant activity. However, the antibacterial and antioxidant activities reduced when the absorbed dose was increased. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Chocolate is acclaimed for its unique and highly desirable flavor and its unusual melting characteristics (a narrow melting point range centered a few degrees below body temperature ∼32 to ∼35 °C). The triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of cocoa butter is responsible for this important melting behavior. The exact composition of the primary TAG in a Malaysian cocoa butter sample was elucidated by ESI/tandem mass spectroscopy. The cocoa butter sample consisted primarily of the TAG, POP, POS and SOS with smaller amounts of PLP, POO, PLS, and SOO, where P, O, S, and L indicated palmitic, oleic, stearic and linoleic acid, respectively. The use of tandem mass spectroscopy or MS/MS was critical for the identification of coeluted TAG, such as POO and PLS. The fragmentation pattern provided by diacylglycerol sodium adduct ions, enabled the identification of co-eluted TAG by the loss of a fatty acid fragment and the corresponding diacylglycerol sodium adduct ion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In Brazil, pomegranate (Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)) is widely used as a phytotherapeutic agent. This study evaluates the effect of pomegranate extract on Staphylococcus aureus FRI 722 growth and subsequent enterotoxin production. Bacterial susceptibility was determined by tube dilution method and production of enterotoxin was assessed using membrane-over-agar (MOA) plates. At a low extract concentration (0.01% v/v) bacterial growth was delayed, while a higher concentration (1% v/v) eliminated bacterial growth. Most interestingly, a 0.05% (v/v) concentration of extract was found to inhibit Staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A production. These data further implicate pomegranate extracts as potential antibacterial therapeutics with the added ability to inhibit enterotoxin production. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]