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Estrogen is established to influence lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory markers. Alternations in estrogen receptor α (ESR1) expression and function may affect the role of estrogen in this regard. The aim of this study was to determine whether ESR1 PvuII and XbaI gene polymorphisms have effects on lipoprotein (a) as well as inflammatory variables in an Iranian population. Three hundred and ninety seven consecutive participants (228 men, 57.4%) who were admitted at our center for elective coronary angiography because of symptoms related to coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled in our study. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were determined by standard methods using commercial kits. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was calculated according to the Friedewald formula. The lipoprotein (a) levels were measured by ELISA method using Biopool kit, and the CRP concentrations were determined by Latex Immunoturbidometry. The presence of PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms within the ESR gene were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The frequency of homozygous and heterozygous were 25.9% and 50.1%, for PvuII genotypes, and the frequency was 23.7% and 48.6%, for XbaI genotypes, respectively. After adjusting for CAD and age, no impacts of ESR1 PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms were found on lipid profile, lipoprotein (a) level, and quantitative CRP either in total population or in subgroups stratified by gender. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that ESR1 PvuII and XbaI gene polymorphisms did not seem to have an effect on lipoprotein metabolism or on inflammatory variables such as CRP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background and Aims: Microalbuminuria and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are both risk factors for cardiovascular disease.We sought to examine the relationship between microalbuminuria and MetS in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: From August 2007 to March 2008, we studied 531 patients (354 men, 66.7%) undergoing elective coronary angiography due to symptoms related to coronary artery disease. MetS was defined based on the adapted Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III A) proposed by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and microalbuminuria was defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) between 30mg/g and 300mg/g. Results: MetS was detected in 39.7% of participants, 62.1% of women and 28.5% of men. Microalbuminuria was detected in 109 (20.5%) of participants, in 41 (12.8%) of non-MetS individuals, and in 68 (32.2%) of the MetS individuals. There was a significant positive association between the number of components of MetS and the corresponding prevalence of microalbuminuria (p <0.001). In patients with MetS compared to those without any component of MetS, multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) of microalbuminuria was 2.71 (1.71–4.29). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed higher fasting blood glucose and lower HDL-cholesterol are independently associated with microalbuminuria. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that microalbuminuria is strongly associated with MetS and that among the components of MetS high fasting blood glucose had the largest power to determine the risk of microalbuminuria in Iranian patients undergoing coronary angiography. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objectives: To examine the relationship between PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms, with the presence of angiographically determined CAD in an Iranian population. Design and methods: Patients having angiographic evidence of atherosclerosis (Gensini score>6) in their epicardial coronary tree (CAD+ case group) were compared with Patients with Gensini score≤6 (CAD− control group). The presence of PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The PvuIΙ genotype distributions were not statistically different in CAD groups, and subgroups stratified by gender. For the XbaI polymorphism, after controlling for age, male sex, cigarette smoking and hyperlipidemia, XbaI GG genotype was not also found to be an independent predictor for CAD occurrence (OR=1.65; 95% CI: 0.90–3.03; P =0.10). Conclusions: We did not observe an association between ESR1 PvuII and XbaI gene polymorphisms with CAD in the risk of CAD in an Iranian population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]