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In view of the global demographic shift, a scientific symposium was organised by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) to address nutrition-related challenges of the older population and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge. Eighteen nutrition-related issues of the ageing global society were presented by international experts during the symposium and summarised in this report. Anorexia of ageing, dysphagia, malnutrition, frailty, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and the metabolic syndrome were highlighted as major nutrition-related geriatric syndromes. Great progress has been made in recent years through standardised definitions of some but not all syndromes. Regarding malnutrition, the GLIM approach has shown to be suitable also in older adults, justifying its continuous implementation. For anorexia of ageing, a consensus definition is still required. Intervention approaches should be integrated and person-centered with the aim of optimizing intrinsic capacity and maintaining functional capacity. Landmark studies like EFFORT and FINGER have impressively documented the potential of individualised and multifactorial interventions for functional and health benefits. Combining nutritional intervention with physical training seems particularly important whereas restrictive diets and drug treatment should generally be used with caution because of undesirable risks. Obesity management in older adults should take into account the risk of promoting sarcopenia. In the future, even more individualised approaches like precision nutrition may enable better nutritional care. Meanwhile all stakeholders should focus on a better implementation of currently available strategies and work closely together to improve nutritional care for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary There is a growing body of evidence that links nutrition to muscle mass, strength and function in older adults, suggesting that it has an important role to play both in the prevention and management of sarcopenia. This review summarises the discussions of a working group [ESCEO working group meeting 8th September 2016] that met to review current evidence and to consider its implications for preventive and treatment strategies. The review points to the importance of ‘healthier’ dietary patterns that are adequate in quality in older age, to ensure sufficient intakes of protein, vitamin D, antioxidant nutrients and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. In particular, there is substantial evidence to support the roles of dietary protein and physical activity as key anabolic stimuli for muscle protein synthesis. However, much of the evidence is observational and from high-income countries. Further high-quality trials, particularly from more diverse populations, are needed to enable an understanding of dose and duration effects of individual nutrients on function, to elucidate mechanistic links, and to define optimal profiles and patterns of nutrient intake for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin D affects physical performance in older adults. Its effects on muscles, notably on muscle strength, remain unclear. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether hypovitaminosis D is associated with triceps brachii muscle fatigability in community-dwelling older women.Methods: A randomized subset of 744 women aged ≥75years from the EPIDOS cohort was categorized into two groups according to triceps brachii muscle fatigability, defined as loss of strength >5% between two consecutive maximal isometric voluntary contractions. Hypovitaminosis D was defined using consensual threshold values (i.e., serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration [25OHD] ≤10 ng/mL, ≤20 ng/mL, and ≤30 ng/mL). Age, body mass index, comorbidities, use psychoactive drugs, physical activity, first triceps strength measure, hyperparathyroidism, serum concentrations of calcium, albumin and creatinine, season and study centers were used as potential confounders.Results: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D ≤ 30 ng/mL was greater among women with muscle fatigability compared with the others (P = .009). There was no between-group difference using the other definitions of hypovitaminosis D. The serum 25OHD concentration was inversely associated with the between-test change in triceps strength (adjusted β = -0.09 N, P = .04). Hypovitaminosis D ≤ 30 ng/mL was positively associated with triceps fatigability (adjusted OR = 3.15, P = .02).Conclusions: Vitamin D concentration was inversely associated with the ability to maintain strength over time in this cohort of community-dwelling older women. This is a relevant new orientation of research toward understanding the involvement of vitamin D in muscle function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summarizes the geodynamic evolution of the Caucasus mountain belt from the Paleozoic to Present based on a review of works from Eastern Anatolia, Greater and Lesser Caucasus and Western Iran. The geological history of crystalline basements provides evidence for their derivation from Gondwana, for their drift at 450–350 Ma by roll-back of the South-dipping Rheic slab. Accretion to Eurasia of the Pontides-Transcaucasus block (PTB) occurred in the Carboniferous, and later an active continental margin was formed above a North-dipping subduction zone since at least the Early Jurassic. In the Mesozoic, the Neotethys ocean is separated into two domains, to the North and South of an E-W elongated block, the Taurides–Anatolides-South Armenian (ATA) Block. Two major subduction jumps are accounted for closure of the Tethys domain in Mesozoic to Cenozoic times: (i) jump at 90–80 Ma from the Northern to the Southern branch of Tethys after the closure of the northern branch of Neotethys along the Southern Eurasian margin in the Lesser Caucasus following the accretion of the ATA block to the PTB, (ii) jump at c. 40 Ma from the Southern branch of Neotethys to the Greater Caucasus back-arc basin (GCB), following the accretion of the ATA-Bitlis to the Arabian margin. The GCB will close completely during the Late Eocene to Pliocene and will give rise to the Greater Caucasus mountains. The Pliocene times mark an abrupt transition from a phase of convergence accommodated by subduction of marginal basins into a ‘hard’ collisional phase dominated by the reactivation of sutures and leading to a generalized uplift and diffuse deformation in the whole region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Selective Internal Radiation Therapy is an emerging, minimally invasive therapy of liver cancer. Millions of microspheres are injected through a catheter into tumor vascular supply. Microspheres distribution in liver is strongly dependent on patient's arteries geometry and catheter tip positioning, which is currently chosen by the physician based on qualitative image interpretation. A patient-specific numerical simulation of blood flow would have a crucial importance in therapy optimization, allowing in-silico research of microspheres trajectories. Material and methods We developed a procedure to segment patient's hepatic arterial vasculature with a Hessian based approach on 3D angiography, and to perform blood flow numerical simulation in the extracted geometry with ANSYS Fluent. In vivo blood velocity measurements were performed using phase contrast MRI to constrain these simulations. Results Flow results in the larger vessels are coherent with literature, but very little is known for smaller arteries: simulation results are compared to velocity measures on hepatic arteries down to 2.2 mm of diameter on phase contrast MRI, which gave encouraging results for validation. Conclusion A viable procedure for arteries segmentation and patient-specific blood flow simulation is proposed, phase contrast MRI allowing for tuning and validation of velocity values. The proposed personalized blood flow simulation is compulsory for the simulation of microspheres trajectories in the aim of tumor targeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mont-Blanc Massif was intensely deformed during the Alpine orogenesis: in a first stage of prograde underthrusting at c. 30 Ma and in a second stage of uplift and exhumation at 22-11 Ma. Mid-crustal shear zones of 1 mm–50 m size, neighbouring episyenites (quartz-dissolved altered granite) and alpine veins, have localised intense fluid flow, which produced substantial changes in mineralogy and whole-rock geochemistry. Four main metamorphic zones are oriented parallel to the strike of the massif: (i) epidote, (ii) chlorite, (iii) actinolite-muscovite ± biotite and (iv) muscovite ± biotite. In addition, phlogopite-bearing shear zones occur in the chlorite zone, and calcite-bearing shear zones are locally found in the muscovite zone. The initial chemical composition of the granitic protolith is relatively constant at massif scale, which allows investigating compositional changes related to shear zone activity, and subsequent volume change and elements mobility. The variations of whole-rock composition and mineral chemistry in shear zones reflect variations in fluid/rock ratios and fluid’s chemistry, which have produced specific mineral reactions. Estimated time-integrated fluid fluxes are of the order of 10 6 m 3 /m 2 . The mineral assemblages that crystallised upon these fluid-P-T conditions are responsible for specific major and trace element enrichments. The X Fe (Fe/Fe + Mg) pattern of shear zone phyllosilicates and the δ 13 C pattern of vein calcite both show a bell-type pattern across the massif with high values on the massif rims and low values in the centre of the massif. These low X Fe and δ 13 C values are explained by down temperature up-flow of a Fe-Mg-CO 2 -rich and silica-depleted fluid during stage 1, while the massif was underthrusting. These produced phlogopite, chlorite and actinolite precipitation and quartz hydrolysis, resulting in strong volume losses. In contrast, during stage 2 (uplift), substantial volume gains occurred on the massif rims due to the precipitation of quartz, epidote and muscovite from a local fluid hosted in the Helvetic cover. These two fluids advocate for the presence of an upper-crustal scaled fluid convection cell, with up-going fluids through the lower crust and likely down-going fluids in the 15 km upper crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subduction processes play a major role in plate tectonics and the subsequent geological evolution of Earth. This special issue focuses on ongoing research in subduction dynamics to a large extent (oceanic subduction, continental subduction, obduction…) for both past and active subduction zones and into mountain building processes and the early evolution of orogens. It puts together various approaches combining geophysics (imaging of subduction zones), petrology/geochemistry (metamorphic analysis of HP-UHP rocks, fluid geochemistry and magmatic signal, geochronology), seismology and geodesy (present-day evolution of subduction zones, active tectonics), structural geology (structure and evolution of mountain belts), and numerical modelling to provide a full spectrum of tools that can be used to constrain the nature and evolution of subduction processes and orogeny. Studies presented in this special issue range from the long-term (orogenic cycle) to short-term (seismic cycle). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summarizes the geodynamic evolution of the Variscan to Mesozoic Tethyan subduction history, based on a review of geochronological data from Eastern Anatolia and the Lesser Caucasus, and new isotopic ages for the Georgian crystalline basements. The geological history of the basements of Georgia (Transcaucasus) and NE Turkey (eastern Pontides) appears to be similar and provides evidence for a continuously active continental margin above a north-dipping subduction since at least the Lower Jurassic. New La-ICPMS U-Pb ages from the Georgian basement provide further evidence for the derivation of the Transcaucasus and its western continuation (the eastern Pontides) from Gondwana. A migmatized granodiorite provides preserved magmatic zircon cores with an age of 474 ± 3 Ma, while the age of migmatization is constrained by its 343 ± 2 Ma metamorphic rims. Metamorphism is synchronous with widespread I-type granites that were emplaced at 335 ± 8 Ma in the neighbouring Dzirula massif, and in the eastern Pontides. These U-Pb ages are in close agreement with recently obtained Ar/Ar ages from biotites and muscovites from metamorphic schists and U-Pb ages ranging from 340 to 330 Ma in the Georgian basement. The narrow range of ages suggests that the Variscan LP-HT metamorphic event in the eastern Pontides and Georgia was of short duration and likely related to mantle-derived intrusives. Furthermore, we suggest that (1) rifting of the Pontides-Transcaucasus block (PTB) from Gondwana at 450–350 Ma could have been driven by roll-back of the south-dipping Rheic slab, (2) that the main metamorphic and coeval magmatic events are related to the accretion of the PTB to the Eurasian margin at c. 350 Ma, while the source of magmatism is ascribed to slab detachment of the south-dipping slab at 340 Ma and that (3) three subduction zones may have been contemporaneously active in the Tethyan domain during the Jurassic: (i) the Lesser Caucasus South Armenian Block (SAB) shares a similar Gondwana affinity, but bears younger ages for its MP-MT metamorphic evolution and calc-alkaline magmatism bracketed from 160 to 123 Ma; (ii) north-dipping subduction below the PTB from c. 210 Ma to 150 Ma; (iii) northward intra-oceanic subduction bracketed from 180 to 90 Ma between the SAB and the PTB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geologic evolution of the South Armenian Block (SAB) in the Mesozoic is reconstructed from a structural, metamorphic, and geochronologic study including U–Pb and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating. The South Armenian Block Crystalline Basement (SABCB) outcrops solely in a narrow tectonic window, NW of Yerevan. The study of this zone provides key and unprecedented information concerning closing of the Northern Neotethys oceanic domain north of the Taurides-Anatolides platform from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. The basement comprises of presumed Proterozoic orthogneiss overlain by metamorphosed pelites as well as intrusions of granodiorite and leucogranite during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Structural, geochronological and petrological observations show a multiphased evolution of the northern margin of the SAB during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. A south-dipping subduction under the East Anatolian Platform-South Armenian Block (EAP-SAB) is proposed in order to suit recent findings pertaining emplacement of relatively hot subduction related granodiorite as well as the metamorphic evolution of the crystalline basement in the Lesser Caucasus area. The metamorphism is interpreted as evidencing: (1) M1 Barrovian MP–MT conditions (staurolite–kyanite) at c. 157–160 Ma and intrusion of dioritic magmas at c. 150–156 Ma, (2) near-adiabatic decompression is featured by partial melting and production of leucogranites at c. 153 Ma, followed by M2 HT–LP conditions (andalusite–K-feldspar). A phase of shearing and recrystallization is ascribed to doming at c. 130–150 Ma and cooling at 400 °C by c. 123 Ma (M3). Structural observations show (1) top to the north shearing during M1 and (2) radial extension during M2. The extensional event ends by emplacement of a thick detrital series along radial S, E and W-dipping normal faults. Further, the crystalline basement is unconformably covered by Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene series dated by nannofossils, evolving from Maastrichtian marly sandstones to Paleocene limestones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The ophiolites of Amasia in the northwestern part of the Sevan–Akera suture zone (Lesser Caucasus, NW Armenia) correspond to a well-preserved example of a major obduction of oceanic lithosphere over the South Armenian continental block. Our mapping evidenced a series of (1) un-metamorphosed gabbroic oceanic crust, (2) serpentinites and a greenschist grade tectonic melange composed of deformed pillow-basalts, radiolarites and cherts, and (3) a basal slice of garnet amphibolites bearing similar compositional features as the ophiolite. These units are sliced and deformed by post-Eocene thrusting related to the shortening of the suture zone after the collision of the South Armenian Block with Eurasia. 40Ar/39Ar dating on gabbro amphiboles yielded ages of 169.0±4.6 to 175.8±3.9Ma. This age and geochemical composition of ophiolite rocks are similar to those of other ophiolite outcrops in Armenia and NE Turkey. Structural and geochemical analyses undertaken on the garnet amphibolites suggest it to represent the obducted ophiolite metamorphic sole. All these data are in agreement with the presence of a unique ophiolite nappe at the scale of NE Turkey–Armenia originating from a Jurassic intra-oceanic back-arc basin, obducted onto the Armenian–Taurides–Anatolides microblocks in the early Late Cretaceous (c. 90Ma). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Variscan to Alpine magmatic activity on the North Tethys active Eurasian margin in the Caucasus region is revealed by 40Ar/39Ar ages from rocks sampled in the Georgian Crystalline basement and exotic blocs in the Armenian foreland basin. These ages provide insights into the long duration of magmatic activity and related metamorphic history of the margin, with: (1) a phase of transpression with little crustal thickening during the Variscan cycle, evidenced by HT-LP metamorphism at 329–337Ma; (2) a phase of intense bimodal magmatism at the end of the Variscan cycle, between 303 and 269Ma, which is interpreted as an ongoing active margin during this period; (3) further evolution of the active margin evidenced by migmatites formed at ca. 183Ma in a transpressive setting; (4) paroxysmal arc plutonic activity during the Jurassic (although the active magmatic arc was located farther south than the studied crystalline basements) with metamorphic rocks of the Eurasian basement sampled in the Armenian foreland basin dated at 166Ma; (5) rapid cooling suggested by similar within-error ages of amphibole and muscovite sampled from the same exotic block in the Armenian fore-arc basin, ascribed to rapid exhumation related to extensional tectonics in the arc; and finally (6) cessation of ‘Andean’-type magmatic arc history in the Upper Cretaceous. Remnants of magmatic activity in the Early Cretaceous are found in the Georgian crystalline basement at c. 114Ma, which is ascribed to flat slab subduction of relatively hot oceanic crust. This event corresponds to the emplacement of an oceanic seamount above the N Armenian ophiolite at 117Ma. The activity of a hot spot between the active Eurasian margin and the South Armenian Block is thought to have heated and thickened the Neo-Tethys oceanic crust. Finally, the South Eurasian margin was uplifted and transported over this hot oceanic crust, resulting in the cessation of subduction and the erosion of the southern edge of the margin in Upper Cretaceous times. Emplacement of Eocene volcanics stitches all main collisional structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the Argentera massif (French Southern Alps), large active landslides develop along strike of an active corridor of dextral strike-slip faults revealed by shallow ongoing seismicity. Glacially polished bedrock outcrops are offset by right-lateral strike-slip faults. Gravitational structures appear to be spatially connected to these active faults. Dating using the in situ-produced 10Be cosmogenic nuclide performed on glacial, tectonic and gravity surfaces. The late glacial–interglacial Holocene transition is constrained by 10Be ages between 12 and 15ka obtained on glacially polished surfaces. The main tectonic activity closely post-dates the main deglaciation event and is constrained by 10Be ages of 11 and 7–8ka obtained on fault scarps. Three successive periods of landsliding are recognized, at 11–12, 7–9 and 2.5–5.5ka. These Holocene ages were obtained on right-lateral strike-slip fault scarps indicating that recent Alpine tectonics are expressed by transcurrent movements. The discussed close age relationship between deglaciation and a tectonic pulse may suggest that post-glacial rebound and enhanced pore water pressure do influence seismogenic tectonic activity. Gravitational destabilizations at 11–12 and 7–9ka are coincidental with the main tectonic activity, and suggest tectonic shaking as a landslide trigger. The third gravitational destabilization at 2.5–5.5ka could be attributed either to slope weakness resulting from multiple low-magnitude earthquake events, as currently revealed by the seismic activity or to climatic causes during the wetter optimum climatic period. These early and middle Holocene ages coincide with a phase of large landslide throughout the Alps scale which suggests that these large gravitational mass movements could be related to combined effects of intense tectonic activity and transitions form cold and dry period to warm and wetter phase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Sarcopenia is defined by loss of muscular mass, strength and quality that occurs in elderly. It has become an important area of research because of its frequency and its responsibility for a significant part of the mobility disability in older people. Understanding and treating sarcopenia could probably have a dramatic impact on the disability process. A definitive consensual clinical method to assess sarcopenia is still needed in everyday clinical practice and clinical research. The different characteristics that define sarcopenia are usually studied separately. The loss of muscular mass and muscle strength is mainly caused by low physical activity, aged-related changes in steroids hormones and inflammatory processes. Treatment relies on a multidimensional approach. Preventing loss of muscle mass and preserving muscle strength is relevant if it prevents decline in physical performance and mobility disability. Identifying target elderly populations for specific treatment in clinical trial is an important issue. To date strength training is the only efficient approach to treat and prevent sarcopenia. So far, no pharmacological treatment has proven definitive evidence to treat or prevent sarcopenia. On-going and future pharmacological clinical trials may radically change our therapeutic approach of mobility disability in elderly. The endpoint prevention of mobility disability should be added to the well-established outcomes of treatment of the loss of muscular mass, muscle strength or muscle quality. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper investigates the age, P–T conditions and kinematics of Karakorum Fault (KF) zone rocks in the NW part of the Himalaya–Karakorum belt. Granulite to greenschist facies assemblages were developed within the KF zone during strike-slip shearing. The granulites were formed at high temperature (800°C, 5.5kbar), were subsequently retromorphosed into the amphibolite facies (700–750°C, 4–5kbar) and the greenschist facies (350–400°C, 3–4kbar). The Tangtse granite emplaced syn-kinematically at the contact between a LT and the HT granulite facies. Intrusion occurred during the juxtaposition of the two units under amphibolite conditions. Microstructures observed within the Tangtse granite exhibit a syn-magmatic dextral S–C fabric. Compiled U–Pb and Ar–Ar data show that in the central KF segment, granulite facies metamorphism occurred at a minimum age of 32Ma, subsequent amphibolite facies metamorphism at 20–18Ma. Further shearing under amphibolite facies (650–500°C) was recorded at 13.6±0.9Ma, and greenschist-facies mica growth at 11Ma. These data give further constrains to the age of initiation and depth of the Karakorum Fault. The granulite-facies conditions suggest that the KF, accommodating the lateral extrusion of Tibet, could be at least a crustal or even a Lithosphere-scale shear zone comparable to other peri-Himalayan faults. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• 40Ar/39Ar biotite ages record cooling and exhumation of Pobedi Thrust hangingwall at 265–256 Ma. • 40Ar/39Ar dating of syn -kinematic phengite constrain brittle-ductile fault motions until 249–248 Ma. • AHe ages in Pobedi Thrust hangingwall highlight its Cenozoic re-activation at 8.3 ± 2.5 Ma. • West of Pobedi range Miocene uplift decreases sharply. • Late Permian (248–249 Ma) and late Mesozoic (ca. 78 Ma) exhumation ages are preserved below major unconformities. Geological study of the Khan Tengri and Pobedi massifs highlights two phases of compressional fault displacements. A Late Permian/Triassic displacement phase is highlighted (1) by biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages of 265–256 Ma, suggestive of cooling of Pobedi mid-crustal granulites during > 8 km of top-to-the-north motion of the Pobedi Thrust; (2) by 40Ar/39Ar dating of syn -kinematic phengite at 249–248 Ma, which suggests a crystallization age during top-to-the-south motion of the Khan Tengri Thrust shear zone; (3) by Apatite Helium (AHe) ages of 280–240 Ma on the crystalline basement below the Mesozoic peneplain, which gives insight into the final exhumation stage. Cenozoic reactivation of the Pobedi Thrust is indicated by AHe thermochronology with a mean age of 8.3 ± 2.5 Ma, in agreement with ~3 km exhumation and ~4.2 km of top-to-the-north motion in the Late Miocene. Along a north–south transect of the west Tian Shan range from Issyk-Kul Lake to Tarim Basin, compiled thermochronological data outline out-of-sequence deformation beginning with the activation of north-directed crustal-scale faults at 22–15 Ma along the northern margin of the north Tian Shan, followed by 20–10 Ma motion at the boundary between the Middle and the South Tian Shan, and ending with the < 10 Ma reactivation of the Pobedi Thrust in the South Tian Shan. This latter coincided with south-directed motion on the South Tian Shan Front (the Maidan Fault) and fold and thrust belt propagation towards the Tarim Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new geomorphological analysis of the Tinée River tributaries in the southern French Alps based on numerical inverse and forward modelling of their longitudinal profiles. We model their relative uplift history with respect to the main channel, hence the incision rate history of this channel. Inverse models show that all tributaries have consistent incision rate histories with alternating high and low values. A comparison with global temperature curves shows that these variations correlate with quaternary climate changes. We suggest that during warm periods, a wave of regressive erosion propagates in the Tinée River, while its tributaries deeply incise their substratum to catch up with the falling base-level. We also show that the post 140 ka history of this landscape evolution is dominated by fluvial incision. We then perform forward models of river incision and simulate the incision of the Tinée River system over a time span of 600 ka. This model allows us to extract time and space incision rate variations of the Tinée River. With a background of a few mm.yr −1 , incision rate can increase up to more than 1 cm yr −1 during short periods of time due to climatic oscillations. This result is compatible with published cosmogenic nuclide based dating, which evidenced incision rates from 0.2 to 24 mm yr −1 . The part of the channel located between 12 and 20 km downstream from the source has undergone several periods of rapid incision rates, which could explain the steep hillslopes and the triggering of a landslide ∼10 ka ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose.: Wandering is a common problem among patients with Alzheimer''s disease. Few studies have examined this problematic behaviour in the community. The aim of the present study was to increase our understanding of wandering during Alzheimer''s disease in subjects living in the community. Methods.: We studied 571 patients with Alzheimer''s disease living in the community. Objective cognitive status was assessed using a series of standardized neuropsychological tests. Nutritional assessment, risk of fall, autonomy were assessed as well as the burden of their family. The behavioural abnormalities of patients were assessed with their caregiver using the Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory. Patients with or without wandering were described. Results.: Prevalence of wandering was 12,6 %. Patients with wandering appeared to have more severe cognitive impairment, less autonomy and were undernourished. Behavioural and psychological signs significantly associated with wandering were delirium, aggressiveness, irritability, depression, anxiety, euphoria, apathy, désinhibition and eating behaviour disorder. Subtype of Alzheimer''s disease patients seemed to have frontal release behaviour. Conclusion.: Wandering is a common behaviour in Alzheimer''s disease patients living in the community. Special care must beorganized to help those frail patients and their caregivers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Poster Highlights: Poster highlights 5 CL: GI PH-0159: NANORAY-103: Phase I/II trial of NBTXR3 activated by SBRT in patients with HCC and liver metastases T. De BaÃre, M. Pracht, Y. Rolland, J. Durand-Labrunie, F. Nguyen, J. Bronowicki, V. Vendrely, A. Sa Cunha, V. Croisé-Laurent, E. Rio, S. Le Sourd, P. Said, P. Gustin, C. Perret, D. Peiffert, E. Deutsch, E. Chajon. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether angiogenic parameters as assessed by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound and by enhanced cervix ultrasound may predict prognostic factors of stage IB greater than 4cm and II cervical cancer treated by radiochemotherapy. A total of 40 patients with histologically proven advanced stage invasive cervical cancer will be evaluated by color Doppler, contrast ultrasound, and MRI before radiotherapy, after the second chemotherapy cycle and prior to surgery. Subjective assessment of the amount of vessels within the tumor (scanty-moderate or abundant) and resistance index (RI) will be recorded for Doppler, enhancement and washout period will be studied after injection of SonoVue® for contrast ultrasound. All patients will have radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Comparison with MRI results will be done. The main parameter studied will be persistence of tumor cells in the analysis of the radical hysterectomy. We expected to correlate contrast parameters with persistent disease in order to confirm ultrasound parameters that will be useful to monitor radiochemotherapy and to predict therapeutic answer of such treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives: To investigate the effect of omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and a multidomain intervention (MI) (physical activity counselling, cognitive training and nutritional advice) among community-dwelling older adults on levels of intrinsic capacity (IC), a construct recently proposed by the World Health Organization.Study Design: Secondary analysis from the factorial-design 3-year Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) with 1445 subjects (64.2 % female, mean age 75.3 years, SD = 4.4) randomized to one group of MI plus ω-3 (800 mg docosahexaenoic acid and 225 mg eicosapentaenoic acid/day); MI plus placebo; ω-3 supplementation alone; or placebo alone. Data collection was held between 2008 and 2014.Main Outcome Measures: IC domains were examined with the Geriatric Depression Scale (psychological); Short Physical Performance Battery (mobility); Z-score combining four tests (cognitive function); and handgrip strength (vitality). All domains were combined into a composite IC Z-score.Results: After 3 years, IC Z-score decreased among all groups when time was considered continuous (MI plus ω-3: -0.16, 95 %CI: -0.22 to -0.10; MI alone: -0.13, 95 %CI: -0.19 to -0.07; ω-3 alone: -0.19, 95 %CI: -0.25 to -0.10; placebo: -0.20, 95 %CI: -0.26 to -0.14; all p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between groups. In a sensitivity analysis with categorical time, significant within-group declines were first identified at 24 months for all groups.Conclusions: This trial designed to improve cognitive function was unable to find effects of the intervention on the composite IC Z-score. Further investigations are needed, especially trials providing stronger interventions (such as exercise training and a controlled diet) and also embracing the sensorial domain of IC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented regarding a case study of a 58 year old man who was treated by sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

In the Western Alps, the External Crystalline Massifs (ECM) are key places to investigate the kinematics and thermal structure of a collisional crustal wedge, as their paleo-brittle/ductile transition is now exhumed at the surface. New (U–Th–Sm)/He data on zircon and new Raman Spectroscopy on Carbonaceous Material (RSCM) data from the Aiguilles Rouges and the Mont Blanc massifs, coupled to HeFTy thermal modeling, constrain the thermal evolution and exhumation of the massifs. In the cover of the Aiguilles Rouges massif, we found that the maximal temperature was about 320 °C (+/− 25 °C), close to the maximal temperature reached in the cover of the Mont Blanc massif (~ 350 °C +/− 25 °C). We show that, after a fast heating period, the thermal peak lasted 10–15 Myrs in the Mont Blanc massif, and probably 5–10 Myrs in the Aiguilles Rouges massif. This thermal peak is synchronous with crustal shortening documented in the basement. (U–Th–Sm)/He data and thermal modeling point toward a coeval cooling of both massifs, like other ECM, at around 18 Ma +/− 1 Ma. This cooling was related to an exhumation due to the initiation of frontal crustal ramps below the ECM, quite synchronously along the Western Alps arc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]