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Children living with thalassemia experience psychological challenges, but despite significant psychosocial burdens, caregivers' psychological wellbeing and quality of life remain understudied, particularly in lower-and-middle-income countries. The current study evaluated these relationships in 100 male and female Pakistani caregivers (23–45 years; 61% female) using Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale and the Singapore Caregiver Quality of Life Scale. Caregivers completed questionnaires during regularly scheduled clinic visits for their child. We found that Pakistani caregivers in our sample generally had significantly lower (30–40 points) quality of life than a referent sample of caregivers of older adults (ps < 0.001). Self-acceptance and personal growth were consistently significant predictors across quality of life domains. Further, significant interactions were observed. Female caregivers with less self-acceptance had worse mental health and wellbeing and impact on daily life (p <.05). Male caregivers with less personal growth had worse physical health wellbeing (p <.05). Our results demonstrate the importance of considering how distinct aspects of psychological wellbeing, rather than just the overall score, relate to the specific quality of life domains among male and female caregivers. Pediatric nurses are at the frontline of service delivery for children and are in a prime position to observe caregivers who could be at high risk for psychological challenges. Given our findings, future clinical interventions should prioritize support services promoting personal growth and self-acceptance for Pakistani caregivers of children living with thalassemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children orphaned by AIDS are more likely to have psychological and emotional problems compared to their counterparts. Poverty resulting from orphanhood is linked to the negative psychological outcomes experienced by AIDS-orphaned adolescents. No studies have investigated the impact of an economic empowerment intervention on child psychological and emotional problems and prosocial behavior. Therefore, we aimed to examine the impact of a family economic empowerment intervention on psychological difficulties and prosocial behavior among AIDS-orphaned adolescents. We analyzed data from a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 10 primary schools in southern Uganda. Schools were randomized to either bolstered usual care (n = 5 schools; 167 participants) or a family-economic empowerment intervention (Suubi-Maka; n = 5 schools; 179 individuals). We used t -test and multi-level mixed effects models to examine the impact of Suubi-Maka on psychological and behavioral outcomes. No differences were observed between intervention and control groups in almost all the outcomes at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Simple main effects comparisons of 12 months versus baseline within each condition indicate modest to significant declines in emotional symptoms, hyperactivity, peer relationships (Δs = −1.00 to −2.11, all p <.001), and total difficulties (Δs = −4.85 to −4.89, both p <.001) across both groups. Our analysis found no meaningful difference between intervention and control groups in child psychological difficulties and prosocial behavior postintervention. However, improvements were observed across both control and treatment groups following the intervention. Future studies should investigate the impact of different components of the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary mental health models simultaneously consider psychological distress and wellness. Researchers have proposed that adhering to the 24-hour movement guidelines (24-HMG) contributes to mental health. 24-HMG integrates recommendations of time distribution among sleep, screen use, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Yet, there are few studies on the relationship between meeting 24-HMG and mental health, especially mental wellbeing. This study aimed to examine the associations between adherence to 24-HMG with mental wellbeing and mental illness among Chinese adolescents. Cross-sectional data of 67,281 Chinese adolescents aged 10–17 years (mean age = 13.0 years, 51.9% males) were collected by sending online questionnaires to local primary and middle schools in Shenzhen in 2021. We used multilevel generalized linear models to analyze associations between meeting 24-HMG with mental wellbeing (subjective wellbeing, resilience, and positive youth development) and mental illness (depression and anxiety). Only 1.7% of participants met recommendations for all three behaviors (sleep, screen use, and MVPA). Compared with meeting none of the recommendations, participants who met one or more recommendations reported significantly better performance in mental wellbeing (all p <.001); on the contrary, meeting one or more recommendations (except for only meeting the MVPA recommendation) were significantly related to lower severity of mental illness (all p <.001). The relationship between the number of recommendations met with mental well-being and mental illness indicators presented a dose-response pattern (all p <.001). Meeting 24-HMG was associated with superior mental health, including a higher propensity for mental wellbeing and a lower risk of mental illness. The importance of limiting screen time and getting enough sleep should be highlighted in promoting mental health in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Half of people post pulmonary embolism (PE) experience ongoing symptoms such as dyspnoea, anxiety and depression, exercise limitation and fatigue. These symptoms can reduce their quality of life (QoL), psychological wellbeing, and functional capacity. The efficacy of rehabilitation interventions to prevent and manage these symptoms has not been established. The objectives of this review were to synthesise the evidence on interventions targeting QoL, psychological wellbeing, and functional capacity post PE, and to identify intervention characteristics and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) that contribute to successful rehabilitation programmes. The PRISMA reporting guidelines were followed. Five electronic databases were searched; PubMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PsycINFO. Searching began in November 2023, with the final search run in December 2023. Studies using experimental designs, in adult populations, employing rehabilitation programmes to target patient outcomes post PE were included. The Template of Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) 12 item checklist was used to score the description and replicability of the intervention and control conditions and the BCT taxonomy V1 was used to identify BCTs across the included interventions. Data was extracted and a best evidence synthesis was conducted. Of 7321 studies identified, 12 studies (n = 648 participants) met the inclusion criteria; four randomised controlled trials (RCTs), one pilot RCT study and seven prospective cohort studies, all conducted at different timepoints in the disease course, using different selection criteria and with different interventions. Eight of the 12 included studies were evaluated as being of low quality based on the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool. The mean TIDieR score was six out of 24 for intervention completeness and reporting. Twenty five BCTs were identified across the included studies, three of which were identified in all studies ("Instruction on how to perform the behaviour", "demonstration of the behaviour" and "behaviour practice/ rehearsal"). Overall the best evidence synthesis provided a mixed level of evidence for the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions post PE. There is a limited level of evidence that rehabilitation has a positive effect on patient perceived QoL and inconsistent evidence that rehabilitation has any effect on psychological wellbeing. There is however, a moderate level of evidence to support the effectiveness of rehabilitation when it comes to improving functional capacity. This review highlights heterogeneity across available studies and provides some evidence supporting rehabilitation programmes to improve functional capacity in people living post PE. However, further research is required to establish their effectiveness for improving QoL and psychological wellbeing. Although a number of BCTs were identified, few of those identified were linked to behaviour change theory. This, combined with limited reporting of components of the rehabilitation interventions, restricted evaluation of their effectiveness. PROSPERO 2020 CRD42023459411 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails [Display omitted] • Heterogeneity in outcomes used post PE was identified in the existing literature • Moderate level evidence suggests rehabilitation can improve functional capacity • Limited evidence exists to support rehabilitation improves quality of life • There is conflicting evidence to support rehabilitation for psychological wellbeing • Twenty-five Behaviour Change Strategies were identified in published studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Great Britain has been experiencing a cost-of-living crisis since late 2021, with the cost of everyday essentials rising more quickly than the average household income. This study provides up-to-date information on levels of subjective and objective financial hardship during this crisis, differences across population subgroups, and associations with psychological distress. We used data from a representative cross-sectional survey of adults (≥16 y) in Great Britain (n = 7,027) conducted January–March 2023. Subjective financial hardship was defined as reporting finding it quite/very difficult to manage financially these days and objective financial hardship as reporting having been in rent/mortgage arrears in the past 12 months. Past-30-day psychological distress was assessed with the K6 and categorised as no/low (scores ≤4), moderate (5–12), and severe distress (≥13). Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, mental health history, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. Overall, 12.9% [95%CI = 12.0–13.8%] reported subjective financial hardship and 6.5% [5.8–7.2%] objective financial hardship. Groups experiencing more hardship included non-binary people, ethnic minority groups, less advantaged social grades, those living in private rented or social housing, those unemployed and seeking work or not in paid work for other reasons, those with more children in the household, those with a history of ≥1 mental health conditions, those who currently smoked and those who drank not at all or at very high levels. Subjective/objective financial hardship was associated with greater odds of experiencing moderate (OR adj = 1.96 [1.59–2.42]/OR adj = 1.86 [1.40–2.47]) or severe psychological distress (OR adj = 4.11 [3.07–5.50]/OR adj = 2.23 [1.52–3.29]). These associations between financial hardship and psychological distress were similar across all sociodemographic, mental health, smoking, and alcohol characteristics. In the first quarter of 2023, around one in eight adults in Great Britain reported finding it difficult to manage financially and one in fifteen reported having been in rent or mortgage arrears in the past 12 months, with higher rates of financial hardship among disadvantaged groups. However, disadvantage did not appear to compound the psychological impact of financial hardship: people experiencing financial hardship were substantially more likely to report moderate or severe psychological distress regardless of their sociodemographic characteristics. • In 2023, one in 8 adults in Great Britain reported financial difficulties. • One in 15 reported having been in rent or mortgage arrears in the past 12 months. • People in financial hardship had substantially higher odds of psychological distress. • This association was observed across population subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive cross-sectional research reports that body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction contribute to negative psychological outcomes among sexual minority men; however, longitudinal models are necessary for accurately quantifying the strength and direction of these relationships. We investigated the bidirectional longitudinal relationships of body fat and muscularity dissatisfaction with psychological quality of life among 2953 sexual minority men using random intercept cross-lagged panel models. Consistent with existing literature, we found that higher average muscularity and body fat dissatisfaction were associated with higher average psychological quality of life impairment between-persons. Unexpectedly, these constructs were not significantly associated within-persons/longitudinally. These findings conflict existing literature's conclusions that muscularity and body fat dissatisfaction consistently contribute to poorer psychological wellbeing in this population. A significant between-person relationship in the absence of within-person relationships suggests that intermediary constructs (e.g., body ideal internalization) may account for the between-person effects of muscularity and body fat dissatisfaction on psychological wellbeing. Future research can accurately estimate these effects and identify reliable intervention targets by ensuring that within- and between-person relationships are examined separately, rather than being conflated. • Body fat dissatisfaction did not predict psychological QoL impairment over time. • Muscularity dissatisfaction did not predict psychological QoL impairment over time. • These constructs were associated between-persons only. • Future studies must account for between- and within-person relationships separately. • Separating these effects enables the identification of accurate intervention targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alongside typical parenting challenges, initial condition-specific research suggests thadifferent experiences and support needs.t parents of children with different visible differences may experience similar psychosocial difficulties. Despite this, large-scale cross-condition research to identify risk and protective factors for parental distress and psychosocial adjustment has been lacking. Two hundred and nine parents and carers of children with a range of visible differences completed an online survey comprised of standardised outcome measures, study-specific measures, and open-ended questions. Multiple regression modelling identified possible risk and protective factors, and data collected via open-ended questions were analysed using content analysis. Findings support themes previously identified in small-scale cross-condition qualitative research with parents of children with visible differences. Risk factors for parental negative affect and stress included parental reports of the noticeability of their child's visible difference and teasing. Protective factors included good parent-child communication, self-compassion, knowledge of their child's condition and satisfaction with treatment. The risk and protective factors identified provide important insight into the experiences of this parent population and indicate possible avenues for psychosocial intervention. • Perceived noticeability of their child's difference, and teasing are associated with distress. • Self-compassion is an important factor in parent psychosocial adjustment. • Open parent-child communication is beneficial in supporting parent wellbeing. • Knowledge of their child's condition is associated with positive adjustment and wellbeing. • Identifying key psychosocial factors can inform parent support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insomnia, depression, and anxiety show high rates of comorbidity and functional impairment. Transdiagnostic symptom interactions may be implicated in this comorbidity. This network analysis sought to assess how symptoms of insomnia, depression, and anxiety may interact and individually predict impairment across several domains for individuals with insomnia. Baseline psychometric data from a randomised controlled trial were analysed (N = 1711). A regularized partial correlation network was estimated from the symptom data. Centrality (symptom connectivity), community structure (symptom clustering), and bridging (inter-community connectivity) were assessed. The replicability of the network model was assessed via confirmatory analyses in a holdout sample. Separately, Shapley values were estimated to determine the relative importance of each symptom in predicting functioning (i.e., psychological wellbeing, psychosocial functioning, and physical health impairment). The most connected nodes were uncontrollable worrying; trouble relaxing; and depressed mood/hopelessness. Five communities were identified with trouble relaxing identified as the bridge symptom between communities. The model showed good fit in the holdout sample. Low energy and depressive affect symptoms (feelings of failure/guilt; depressed mood/hopelessness; anhedonia) were key predictors in the relative importance analysis across multiple domains of impairment. Trouble relaxing may be of clinical and transdiagnostic significance in the context of insomnia. In terms of how symptoms relate to functioning, it was clear that, while low energy and feelings of failure/guilt were prominent predictors, a range of symptoms are associated with functional impairment. Consideration of both symptoms and functional impairment across domains may be useful in determining targets for treatment. This is a secondary analysis of an original clinical trial. Trial registration number: ISRCTN60530898. Registry URL: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN60530898 • Network analysis of insomnia, depression, and anxiety symptom interaction in the context of individuals with insomnia. • Trouble relaxing was central in the network. • Low energy and depressive affect symptoms were key predictors across domains of functional impairment. • Findings could inform the development of clinical screening practices and targets for transdiagnostic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition characterized by hyperglycemia and is associated with several complications. Prevalence of Diabetes in adult population in India ranges from 10.9 to 14.2% in urban area and 3.0-7.8% in rural area. Glycemic control is an important factor in preventing the complications associated with diabetes. HBA1c is the indicator of long-term glycemic control and slight variation in it significantly alters the risk of diabetic complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to study the change in HBA1c levels due to lock down in patients with diabetes.Methods: 307 patients with diabetes who had attended our endocrine OPD in last 3 months before nationwide 68 days lockdown from 24 March 2020 to 31 May 2020, and had recent HBA1c report in past and willing to participate were included in the study after informed consent from 2nd June 2020 to 14th June 2020 when first phase of Unlock started, to identify the change in HBA1c levels during the lockdown period in our patients with diabetes.Results: The patients were aged between 25-69 years and male to female ratio was 181:126 (1.44: 1). The mean age and mean duration of diabetes in our patients was 55.68 years and 7.95 years respectively. Increment of 0.51% was seen in mean HBA1c levels in our patient from 7.92% mean pre-lockdown HBA1c to mean of 8.43% after release of lock down.Conclusion: Glycemic control got deranged during lockdown period with significant increase of mean HBA1c by 0.51% in immediate post lock down period which may significantly increase the annual incidence of complications related to diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose: This study examined the prevalence and related factors of multiple (two or three) types of harassment victimization, including school bullying, cyberbullying, and teacher harassment, and their cumulative effects on depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and suicidality in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but without intellectual disability.Methods: A total of 219 adolescents with ASD but without intellectual disability and their parents participated in this study. Their experiences of school bullying, cyberbullying, and teacher harassment were evaluated. The related factors of multiple types of harassment victimization, including demographic characteristics, socio-communicative skills, comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, were examined. Moreover, the effects of multiple types of harassment victimization on depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and suicidality were examined.Results: In total, 20.54% of participants were victims of multiple types of harassment. Hyperactivity or impulsivity and ODD symptoms were positively associated with multiple types of harassment victimization. Adolescents with ASD who experienced multiple types of harassment victimization had higher severities of depression and anxiety and were more likely to have suicidality than nonvictims and those who experienced only one type of harassment victimization.Conclusion: Experiencing more than one type of harassment victimization was significantly associated with the development of mental health problems in adolescents with ASD. ODD and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms predicted the risk of experiencing multiple types of harassment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many higher-weight individuals have internalised societal weight stigma, devaluing themselves because of their weight. Rejecting and challenging societal devaluation is generally associated with superior outcomes compared with stigma internalisation or inaction; however, stigma resistance has not been studied in higher-weight individuals, despite ubiquitous weight stigma in daily life. Applying a social identity framework, we utilised decision tree analysis to explore predictors of responses to weight stigma in 931 self-classified higher-weight individuals. While ingroup identification with the group 'Fat' was the major predictor of stigma resistance (versus internalisation), perceived illegitimacy of societal weight stigma defined a subgroup of resisters even in the absence of group identity. Interventions focusing on the illegitimacy of unequal social status and treatment may be effective at reducing internalisation and fostering resistance in a population with characteristically low ingroup identity. • Many higher-weight individuals internalise weight stigma (WS). • Resisting stigma is associated with better outcomes than internalisation. • Stigma resistance has not previously been studied in higher-weight individuals. • Major predictor of WS resistance was identification with the ingroup Fat. • Perceived WS illegitimacy associated with resistance in absence of group identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread adoption of telework, initially driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, has persisted beyond the crisis, reshaping organizational practices and redefining employee expectations. Despite its accelerated implementation, limited research has explored how teleworking environments influence employee value orientations and their impact on wellbeing and job satisfaction. This study examines the distinct effects of terminal and instrumental values on two dimensions of employee wellbeing—psychological and subjective—and how these, in turn, affect job satisfaction in a teleworking environment. Focusing on IT-enabled service firms in India, this study provides insights into a developing market where telework is increasingly becoming mainstream. An online survey yielded 715 responses from employees working in these firms, which were analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM). Findings reveal that both terminal and instrumental values positively influence psychological and subjective wellbeing, which subsequently enhance job satisfaction, and that psychological and subjective wellbeing partially mediate the relationship between these values and job satisfaction. The study's contributions therefore lie in providing a better understanding of how value-driven motivations influence employee wellbeing and satisfaction when they work from home or remotely (theoretical contribution) while providing actionable implications for improving telework policies and practices (practical contribution). • Demonstrates that terminal and instrumental values significantly enhance both psychological and subjective wellbeing in telework. • Reveals that increased wellbeing leads to higher job satisfaction among teleworkers. • Establishes that psychological and subjective wellbeing partially mediate the relationship between values and job satisfaction, highlighting the indirect effects of value orientation on telework outcomes. • Provides actionable insights for organizations to foster a value-oriented culture that enhances employee wellbeing and job satisfaction in telework environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE), as a novel approach to promoting physical activity, shows great potential for improving the mental health and healthy lifestyle of older adults. Based on stress reduction theory, tree density is regarded as a main characteristic of a virtual sportscape that will affect the experience and benefits of exercising. However, the effect of tree density on the experience of exercising remains unclear. The current study was undertaken to investigate the effects of tree cover density on the alpha waves induced and the enjoyment and satisfaction derived by engaging in physical activity in a virtual environment. Eighty-seven late middle-aged and older adults were randomly assigned to one of the following conditions: a high tree density sportscape (HTDS = 36–60 %), a medium tree density sportscape, (MTDS = 20–35 %), and a control condition. Questionnaires and electroencephalogram read-outs of alpha waves were used to evaluate the changes in stress levels experienced by the participants before, during, and after 20 min of cycling. The results showed that participants exposed to an HTDS exhibited to physical activity with significantly more enjoyment and satisfaction than those in the MTDS and control groups. In contrast, the highest degree of relaxation was exhibited in the MTDS condition, suggesting that an MTDS is more effective at reducing perceived stress among late middle-aged and older adults engaging in virtual cycling. These findings demonstrate that exercising in a virtual reality setting with different densities of tree cover comes with physiological and psychological wellbeing for late middle-aged and older adults. • Exercising in a VR setting with different densities of tree cover comes with psychophysiological benefits. • The MTDS group showed significantly higher alpha values than the control and HTDS groups. • The HTDS group feels more satisfied and pleased with having engaged in physical activity in VE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous scholarship has illustrated the pernicious role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in self-reported mental health, namely depressive and anxiety-related symptoms. Given these insights, highlighting protective factors that may diminish the magnitude of this relationship is important. The present study explored the moderating role of perceived control on the relationship between ACEs and depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Participants consisted of a US-based non-clinical sample of 567 undergraduate students who completed a battery of surveys related to psychological wellbeing and individual differences. A series of hierarchical linear regression analyses were utilized for hypothesis testing. Consistent with our main hypotheses, perceived control moderated the relationship between ACEs and both anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Namely, at low levels of perceived control, ACEs were associated with significantly greater levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. However, for those reporting high levels of perceived control, we found no association between ACEs and self-reported symptoms. We offer evidence that perceived control may serve as a protective factor for mental health and wellbeing against the influence of adverse childhood experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic offers a unique context to explore how people engage with traumatic experiences. The current quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational study investigated how personality traits impact the relationship between psychological distress and posttraumatic growth (PTG) arising from COVID-19 experience in the U.S.A. It was hypothesised that (1) trait openness would moderate the relationship between psychological distress and PTG, such that it would be stronger at high openness; and (2) trait neuroticism would moderate the relationship between psychological distress and PTG, such that it would be weaker at high neuroticism. Using CloudResearch, 294 adults (59.5% women) aged between 18 and 74 (M = 39.4; SD = 15.8) completed a survey comprising the Big Five Inventory 2 – Short Form (BFI-2-S), Impact of Events Scale – Revised (IES-R), and Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) scales. Moderated multiple regressions indicated significant interactive relationships between psychological distress, personality, and posttraumatic growth, whilst accounting for age, gender, and ethnicity. At low distress, those with high openness showed higher growth (b = 0.86, p <.001), whilst at high traumatic impact, highly open participants reported lower growth. Higher growth was noted at lower neuroticism (b = 1.02, p <.001), although the level of growth differed depending on distress intensity. The present findings differ from previous literature, providing insight into the complex structure of PTG as influenced by personality and COVID-19-related distress. Whilst it is possible the current study reflects peri-traumatic growth, given the ongoing COVID-19 experience, the findings offer potential avenues for improving psychological wellbeing for the wider population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Final year nursing students may experience higher levels of stress owing to the increasing complexity and expectations from their clinical practicums. Enhancing psychological readiness may be a potential strategy to enhance nursing students' transition to the clinical area. To evaluate the effects of a psychological readiness enhancement for transition to professional practice program and a 10-week clinical practicum on students' psychological wellbeing, resilience, practice readiness and confidence. A sequential mixed-methods approach comprising of a single-group evaluation and descriptive qualitative study. Final year nursing students enrolled in an undergraduate nursing program from one autonomous university in Singapore was recruited. 148 final year nursing students participated in the single-group evaluation study. A total of 24 participants who completed the psychological readiness program were recruited in the qualitative study. This study included two phases. Phase I comprised of an evaluation of a blended psychological readiness program and clinical practicum. Data was collected across three waves to assess nursing students' psychological wellbeing, resilience, practice readiness and confidence. In Phase II, a qualitative study using individual semi-structured online interviews was conducted to examine students' experiences of the psychological readiness program and clinical practicum. The psychological readiness program led to significant changes in students' anxiety and patient centeredness scores. The accumulated effects of the psychological readiness and clinical practicum showed significant improvements in students' practice readiness and confidence. Although there were no significant improvements in depression, stress and resilience scores, there were improvements in the trend across three waves. Students attributed these improvements to the psychological readiness program and sharing by the alumni. The findings of this study laid the foundation for the development of psychological readiness programs. However, larger scale studies using randomized controlled trial designs should be used to confirm the effects of these interventions. • Final year nursing students experience high levels of stress during their transition to clinical practice • Psychological readiness can be a strategy to support nursing students' wellbeing and transition to practice • • The use of a blended learning psychological readiness program is a feasible approach to enhance nursing students' outcome [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents living with chronic conditions (ALWCCs) are at a higher risk of suicide (odds ratio: 4.3) than their peers. No consensus exists in the scientific community on a definition or conceptual elements of emotional well-being in this vulnerable population, hindering informed interventional research. This study investigated the meaning of emotional well-being in ALWCCs. A systematic metasynthesis of the qualitative literature was performed and structured using ENTREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative metasynthesis. A final sample of 11 primary qualitative studies met inclusion criteria and was critically analyzed using a team-based thematic synthesis and reciprocal translation approach. The meaning of emotional well-being in ALWCCs is having positive relationships that ease loss, foster hope and resilience, and promote self-efficacy and self-actualization. The role of healthcare providers as a safe, stable nurturing relationship which promotes hope and positive body image emerges an area for future research. Spirituality as it relates to emotional well-being in this population is scarce in the qualitative literature and should be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has shown good efficacy for improving wellbeing in employees experiencing occupational stress. However, comparisons with other interventions, longer-term follow-up, and data from varying sociocultural contexts are lacking. This three-arm, parallel randomised controlled trial (RCT) examined the effects of MBSR on psychological distress in non-physician health workers in direct contact with patients. 105 participants were randomly allocated to either: (1) MBSR (N = 35), (2) Stress Management Course (SMC; N = 34) or (3) wait-list (N = 36). Participants and those assessing outcomes were blinded to group assignment. Participants completed questionnaires pre- and post-intervention and four months after the intervention. Psychological distress was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45). Secondary outcomes included perceived stress, job satisfaction, mindfulness skills and changes in salivary cortisol. 77 participants completed measures post-intervention and 52 at 4-month follow-up. MBSR showed a post-intervention effect in reducing GHQ-12 (ß = −0.80 [SE = 1.58] p < 0.01) and OQ-45 (ß = −0.72, [SE = 5.87] p < 0.05) psychological distress, compared to SMC and in reducing GHQ-12 (ß = −1.30 [SE = 1.38] p < 0.001) and OQ-45 (ß = −0.71, [SE = 5.58] p < 0.01) psychological distress compared to wait-list condition. In our secondary outcome, only MBSR was associated with a decrease in the cortisol awaking response by 23% (p < 0.05). At follow-up, only effects of MBSR on the psychological distress 'social role' subscale (ß = −0.76 [SE = 1.31] p < 0.05) remained significant, compared to SMC. In conclusion, MBSR appears useful in reducing short-term psychological distress in healthcare workers, but these effects were not maintained at follow-up. Trial registration: ISRCTN12039804. • Three-arm randomised controlled trial from Chile targeting occupational stress. • Mindfulness-based stress reduction reduces psychological distress in health workers. • Reduction in psychological distress not found in psychoeducation or waitlist groups. • Mindfulness intervention only associated with reductions in salivary cortisol. • Weak effects at follow-up suggests crucial to target maintenance of benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discrimination has a negative impact on minority group members' wellbeing, particularly immigrants. Yet, empirical research investigating coping mechanisms against perceived discrimination among immigrants remains scarce. The present study examined the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and eudaimonic (psychological and social) wellbeing among immigrants by assessing the role of intergroup (downward and upward) and intrapersonal (temporal) comparisons as coping mechanisms in this association. Using a representative sample comprising five foreign-born immigrant groups (N = 1250) in Spain, we found that immigrants tend to engage in more favorable downward and upward intergroup comparisons in response to perceived discrimination, but lower temporal intrapersonal comparisons. Downward intergroup comparison was related to lower psychological wellbeing and upward intergroup comparison was associated with higher psychological wellbeing. Temporal intrapersonal comparison was predominately predictive of psychological and social wellbeing. We further discuss specific indirect effects and the important roles of intergroup and intrapersonal comparisons for immigrants' wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Inadequate financial and health literacy presents a formidable public health and economic challenge in old age. This study investigated declining financial and health literacy in relation to decision making performance, scam susceptibility and psychological wellbeing.Design: Longitudinal study.Setting: A community-based cohort in Northeastern Illinois, USA.Participants: One thousand fourty-six older adults who were free of dementia at baseline and underwent annual clinical and literacy assessments.Measurements: Financial and health literacy, decision making, scam susceptibility, and psychological wellbeing were assessed using validated instruments. Linear mixed effects models estimated person-specific rates of change in financial and health literacy, and multivariable regression analyses examined the associations of declining literacy with subsequent levels of decision making, scam susceptibility, and psychological wellbeing.Results: The mean age was 81 years and 76% were female. Over up to 10 years of annual follow-ups, the average financial and health literacy score dropped 1 percentage point a year. Substantial variability in decline was observed between participants. Faster decline in financial and health literacy was associated with poorer decision making, higher scam susceptibility, and lower psychological wellbeing. Notably, these associations were above and beyond the baseline literacy level and persisted even after controlling for cognition.Conclusions: Most community-dwelling older adults experience decline in financial and health literacy over time, but decline is not inevitable. Declining literacy is related to poorer decision making, greater scam susceptibility and lower wellbeing. These findings suggest that efforts to mitigate declining financial and health literacy may promote independence and wellbeing in old age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the psychological impacts and risk for elder abuse associated with historical intimate partner violence (IPV) in older women.Design: Prospective cohort study SETTING: All Australian states and territories.Participants: A total of 12,259 women aged 70-75 years at baseline participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health.Measurements: Women were asked at baseline whether they had ever been in a violent relationship with a partner, and completed a comprehensive survey about their physical and psychological health every 3 years (15 years follow-up) including the Short Form-36 Mental Health subscale (SF-MH) and Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale (VASS). Linear mixed effects modelling with maximum likelihood estimation assessed the impact of IPV over time on the SF-MH and VASS. Risk for incident depression and experiencing physical or sexual violence over follow-up was examined using logistic regression models.Results: The 782 (6.4%) women who reported historical IPV recorded significantly poorer psychological wellbeing at all timepoints compared to those who did not report historical IPV, and were at higher risk for incident depression over follow up (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.11-1.67). There was no significant relationship between historical IPV and self-reported exposure to physical or sexual violence in late life (aOR = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.53-1.43), but women who reported historical IPV recorded higher rates of vulnerability to abuse on the VASS.Discussion: Women who have experienced a violent relationship continue to experience negative effects into older age, highlighting the importance of clinical monitoring and ongoing support for survivors as they age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a review examining the psychological wellbeing of parents of children with Down syndrome (DS) relative to that of parents of typically developing (TD) children. A systematic search identified 57 relevant studies, which were synthesised meta-analytically. Relative to their counterparts with TD children, mothers and fathers of children with DS reported higher levels of parenting stress (mothers: g = 0.57, 95% CI [0.33, 0.81]; fathers: g = 0.40, [0.24, 0.56]), depressive symptoms (mothers: g = 0.42, [0.23, 0.61]; fathers: g = 0.25, [0.02, 0.48]) and psychological distress (mothers: g = 0.45, [0.30, 0.60]; fathers: g = 0.63, [0.26, 0.99]). Small effects were found for anxiety for mothers (g = 0.16, [0.03, 0.29]), with no differences for fathers (g = 0.03, [−0.25, 0.32]). No group differences were found for positive impact of parenting (mothers: g = −0.09, [−0.25, 0.07]; fathers: g = −0.04, [−0.30, 0.22]), while evidence concerning other positive wellbeing outcomes was limited. No significant moderating effects of child age range, country income level, or group differences in parental education level were identified, but limited subgroup analyses were possible. Raising a child with DS may be associated with elevated stress, depressive symptoms, and psychological distress for mothers and fathers. However, levels of parenting reward appear equivalent to those experienced by parents raising TD children. • We reviewed psychological wellbeing in parents of children with Down syndrome and typical development. • Parents of children with Down syndrome had elevated stress and depressive symptoms. • There were no group differences in positive impact of parenting. • Evidence concerning other positive wellbeing outcomes was limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mild cognitive impairment is a key stage to early intervention to prevent dementia. • Creative application of expressive arts therapy in mild cognitive impairment. • Expressive arts therapy is acceptable to older adults with cognitive impairments. • Expressive arts therapy is an effective way in improving cognition and emotion. Expressive arts therapy (EAT) can potentially improve cognition and mental health in patients with dementia. However, limited studies have been conducted for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of EAT in older adults with MCI. A total of 48 participants with MCI were assigned to the EAT intervention (n = 24) or waiting list control (n = 24) group. The former received 60–90 min of EAT twice a week for 6 weeks. The findings showed that the EAT program had a high retention and attendance rate and a high level of general satisfaction. Moreover, the intervention group showed significant improvements in general cognitive function, language function, anxiety, depression, and the psychological and social relationship domains of quality of life. The results provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility and efficacy of EAT intervention in older adults with MCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated the underlying determinants of the relationship between social integration and three dimensions of psychological wellbeing in a nationally representative sample of emerging adult migrants in China.Methods: Data on 6,084 migrants aged 18-29 years in the 2014 China Migrants Dynamic Survey were analyzed. A conditional process analysis tested hypotheses regarding the influence of social integration on self-rated health, life satisfaction, and mental illness. Perceived stress was tested as a mediator, and the locus of control was tested as a moderator.Results: Social integration negatively related to mental illness (β= -0.10, p < 0.001), and it positively related to self-rated health (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) and life satisfaction (β = 0.14, p < 0.001). Perceived stress had significant mediating effects on the influence of social integration on the dimensions of psychological wellbeing. The locus of control not only moderated the influence of social integration on perceived stress (β = -0.02, p < 0.05), it moderated the influence of perceived stress on the mental illness dimension of psychological wellbeing (β = -0.03, p < 0.001).Limitations: The cross-sectional design impeded the ability to draw causal inferences.Conclusions: Social integration was a key predictor of psychological wellbeing among emerging adult migrants in China. Perceived stress significantly mediated that relationship. The locus of control moderated the indirect effect of social integration on psychological wellbeing by weakening the buffering effect of social integration on perceived stress. Furthermore, the locus of control also buffered the negative effects of perceived stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The role of sustainability initiatives and niche groups in transitions towards sustainability has received a good deal of attention. However, little is known about the people who make up these groups. This paper discusses their psychological wellbeing – a concept that comprises six elements: self-acceptance, personal growth and development, purpose in life, environmental mastery, autonomy, and positive relations with others. In the study we performed 46 semi-structured interviews with people from 11 sustainability initiatives in five countries across Europe. We find that the groups offer a platform to build and maintain social relations with other, often like-minded, people. While these relations often serve an important motivational function to stay engaged, they are not free of challenges. The interviews show that sustainability initiatives can also provide fertile ground for personal growth and other dimensions of psychological wellbeing. Environmental mastery – and specifically the capacity to cope with global environmental problems beyond individual control – is a major challenge for people engaged in sustainability initiatives. Overall, the data suggests strong links between social engagement and psychological wellbeing. From a theoretical perspective, this paper enriches the transition literature by exploring the role of psychological wellbeing among people engaged in niches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to psychological theories of environmental affect, the physical environment moderates the walking experience and its psychological wellbeing benefits. The present paper further demonstrates that affective experiences also influence intentions to walk. A study to explore the influence of affective experiences of walking on walking intentions is reported. A sample of adults working or studying in Bristol, UK (n = 384) participated in an experiment involving virtual exposure to one of five environments, with evaluations of their affective experience and of intentions to walk in the setting. A subsample (n = 14) then took part in photo-elicited semi-structured interviews. Multiple regression analyses showed that affective experiences of walking influenced walking intentions. Interview analyses highlighted the role of traffic, city busyness, and poor aesthetics. This is the first empirical study that examines the walking experience and related walking intentions from the pedestrian perspective employing theories of environmental affect. The findings indicate that safety, comfort, and moderate sensory stimulation are crucial elements for the walking experience. Following this, a strategy to promote active mobility in the built environment can be constructed around safety, comfort, and moderate sensory stimulation by targeting the micro elements that prevent them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background and purpose A massage therapy program was implemented to address the psychological well-being of family caregivers to patients in a rehabilitation hospital. The impact of massage "dosage" on caregiver stress and psychological well-being was examined in this study. Participants' perspectives on the program were also explored. Materials and methods Thirty-eight family caregivers were randomized to receive either one massage per week or three massages per week for two weeks. Caregivers reported psychological symptoms and stress pre- and post-program. Program acceptability was assessed via responses on an exit survey. Results Overall, 79% of massages were received (89% among program completers). Post-program symptom scores were lower than baseline scores for both groups (F (1, 31) = 8.74 - 24.50, P < 0.01). Exit surveys indicated high program acceptability and perceived benefits. Conclusion Findings suggest that massage services would be welcomed, utilized, and beneficial for improving the psychological well-being of family caregivers in a rehabilitation hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Heart rate variability (HRV) has been separately shown to be associated with ASD symptomatology, psychological wellbeing and emotion regulation (ER) in specific samples consisting of either individuals with ASD, those without ASD, or combined. However, no study has examined these constructs together or incorporated habitual ER strategy use. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the relationships between resting HRV, ASD symptomatology, ER strategy use (reappraisal and suppression), and psychological wellbeing (anxiety, depression and positive wellbeing) in a combined sample of adults with and without ASD. Twenty-four adults with ASD (M age = 31.36; SD age = 14.84) and twenty without ASD (M age = 35.45; SD age = 12.19) completed the ER Questionnaire (ERQ), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Cross-cutting Dimensional Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, and Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Short. Participants' resting HRV data were also collected via short-term electrocardiogram. Self-reported use of reappraisal was associated with higher resting HRV. Additionally, reappraisal predicted variance in all three HRV indices above and beyond ASD symptomatology and medication use. These preliminary findings can inform the design of future studies to determine the extent to which reappraisal impacts autonomic flexibility. Highlights • Cognitive reappraisal but not suppression was associated with higher resting HRV • Medication use and ASD symptomatology were also associated with resting HRV • Reappraisal predicted HRV above and beyond medication use and ASD symptomatology • Findings have implications on the design of interventions to improve psychological wellbeing [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to examine the physical and psychological wellbeing of caregivers of individuals suffering from substance addiction. To obtain knowledge of the needs of caregivers of substance addicted individuals and investigating their wellbeing, this paper presents a systematic literature review. Both electronic and manual searches were done on EBSCO host, eBooks collection, Academic search complete, CINAHL Plus, Health source (academic, nursing and consumer edition), Medline, Masterfile, PsycARTICLES and Google Scholar. Books relevant to the topic searched were also used. The results gave an overview of needs and wellbeing issues concerning the caregivers of individuals suffering from substance addiction and what can be implemented to address their wellbeing such as confidence, maintenance of relationships, engaging with the world, being productive and coping with stress. This review indicated that future research should aim to ensure the psychological and physical wellbeing of caregivers of individuals addicted to substances as these individuals' experiences and perspectives are almost always neglected. Avenues for avoidance and early intervention of deterioration of wellbeing of these individuals should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonpharmacological treatment of insomnia in older persons has been associated with reduced insomnia symptoms and increased psychological wellbeing. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined whether nonpharmacological interventions can promote wellbeing indicators in older persons who experience insomnia symptoms and investigated the components of these interventions. Twenty studies met inclusion criteria. Psychological wellbeing outcomes included symptoms of depression, anxiety, mental health-related quality of life, and fatigue. Interventions significantly reduced depression and fatigue symptoms in most of the studies that included these outcomes. Findings of our qualitative analysis suggest that mindfulness-based interventions in particular can potentially reduce depression symptoms in older persons with insomnia symptoms. Meta-analyses of studies that included psychological wellbeing outcomes showed small-medium weighted mean effects indicating reductions in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fatigue. The results suggest that nonpharmacological interventions for older persons with insomnia symptoms can potentially reduce depression and fatigue symptoms and highlight interventions that may be particularly valuable for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the determinants of teachers' psychological wellbeing, job satisfaction, occupational self-concept and quitting intentions. In this paper, teachers' occupational attributes (i.e. professional and personal characteristics) were investigated as determinants. Henceforth, the Educator Motivation and Attribute Profile (EdMAP) scales were used to describe the nature of 1109 Hong Kong primary and secondary school teachers' occupational attributes. Furthermore, the relationships with the teacher outcomes were investigated. Construct validity and reliabilities of the EdMAP scales were satisfactory. The results showed positive associations between teachers’ occupational attributes and their wellbeing, job satisfaction, and self-concept, and negative associations with quitting intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exclusionary immigration policies, as a form of structural racism, have led to a sizeable undocumented population that is largely barred from access to resources in the United States. Existing research suggests that undocumented immigration status detrimentally impacts mobility, yet few studies have tested the impacts of legal status on psychological wellbeing. Most importantly, we know little about how changes to legal status impact wellbeing. Announced in 2012, the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program allows eligible undocumented youth to apply for temporary lawful status. Drawing on cross-sectional survey data from 487 Latino immigrant young adults in California collected in 2014 and 2015, we analyze the predictors of three specialized outcomes related to immigrants’ psychological wellbeing—distress, negative emotions, and deportation worry before and after a transition from undocumented to lawfully present status. Results show that retrospective reports of past psychological wellness, when all respondents were undocumented, are predicted primarily by socioeconomic status. However, reports of current psychological wellness are predicted by DACA status. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the positive emotional consequences of transitioning out of undocumented status for immigrant young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This randomized controlled trial aimed at evaluating the efficacy of an internet-based cognitive behavioral stress management program (IB-CBSM) for pregnant women with preterm labor (PTL) on birth outcome and stress-related psychological and biological parameters.Methods: 93 pregnant women with PTL (gestational age 18-32) were assigned to either the IB-CBSM (n=50) or a control group (CG) based on distraction (n=43). Participants in both groups worked through six weekly modules. Birth outcome measures included gestational age, neonatal weight and length at birth and the rate of preterm birth (PTB). Questionnaires assessed psychological wellbeing and the activity of the HPA-axis was measured with the cortisol awakening reaction (CAR), both before (T1) and after the intervention (T2).Results: Birth outcome and psychological wellbeing did not differ between IB-CBSM and CG. However, psychological wellbeing was higher after both interventions (PSS: ηp2=0.455, STAIX1: ηp2=0.455, STAIX2: ηp2=0.936, PRAT: ηp2=0.465, EPDS: ηp2=0.856). Cortisol levels were stable and did not alter differently between groups from T1 to T2. Higher cortisol levels were associated with lower gestational age at birth, whereas no significant correlations were found between weight and length at birth.Conclusions: Although there were no significant differences between the two groups and birth outcome, psychological and biological parameters, both interventions (CBSM and CG) showed equivalent effects and proved to be beneficial with regard to psychosocial distress and well-being. Further research is needed to investigate CBSM and distraction interventions for pregnant women at risk for PTB together with a non-intervention control condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There are increasing numbers of international students undertaking health professional courses, particularly in Western countries. These courses not only expose students to the usual stresses and strains of academic learning, but also require students to undertake clinical placements and practice-based learning. While much is known about general issues facing international students, less is known about factors that impact on those studying in the health professions. Objectives To explore what is known about factors that influence the psychological wellbeing of international students in the health professions. Design A scoping review. Data sources A range of databases were searched, including CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, Proquest and ERIC, as well as grey literature, reference lists and Google Scholar. Review methods The review included qualitative or quantitative primary peer reviewed research studies that focused on international undergraduate or postgraduate students in the health professions. The core concept underpinning the review was psychological issues, with the outcome being psychological and/or social wellbeing. Thematic analysis across studies was used to identify key themes emerging. Results A total of 13 studies were included in the review, from the disciplines of nursing, medicine and speech-language pathology. Four key factor groups emerged from the review: negotiating structures and systems, communication and learning, quality of life and self-care, and facing discrimination and social isolation. Conclusions International health professional students face similar issues to other international students. The nature of their courses, however, also requires negotiating different health care systems, and managing a range of clinical practice issues including with communication, and isolation and discrimination from clinical staff and patients. Further research is needed to specifically explore factors impacting on student well-being and how international students can be appropriately prepared and supported for their encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sudden cardiac death is a devastating event and in up to 40% of cases in the young (< 35 years) a cause of death will remain elusive. Dealing with grief over the loss of a loved one in uncertain and unexpected circumstances poses significant psychosocial burden. It is not surprising then that poor psychological sequelae including anxiety, prolonged grief and posttraumatic stress symptoms will occur in at least 1 in 2 family members. Furthermore, ongoing worry around the suspected familial nature of the disease, risk to surviving children, need to understand and act on complex genetic information and a lack of closure relating to the cause of death make the psychosocial and clinical needs of this population unique. Cardiac genetic counselors have evolved to play a key role in the care of families following a sudden cardiac death, possessing the skills, resources and time to develop a strong rapport. While the challenges this population face are vast, there are many commonalities that exist. Here we present a case that represents many of the difficulties experienced by sudden cardiac death families, providing a review of the literature and more practical recommendations based on clinical expertise. While a family will never get over the loss of a loved one, learning to find new meaning in life and minimizing psychological difficulties should be a key consideration for any clinicians involved in the care of these families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals who experience social and emotional difficulties struggle to maintain successful social relationships and incur an increased risk of developing mood disorders. These, in turn, have a significant impact on psychological and physical wellbeing. A small number of medical studies suggest that patients with adult-onset craniopharyngioma (AoC) report poorer quality of life, however, no in-depth psychological research has been carried out. The present study aimed to capture a rich understanding of whether patients with AoC experience a psychological impact from their diagnosis and whether psychological factors may contribute to a poorer quality of life. Both patients with AoC and clinicians with experience of working with patients with AoC were invited to take part in a semi-structured interview. Participants were recruited from three geographically disperse National Health Service (NHS) units across the United Kingdom (UK). Eight patients and 10 clinicians took part in the study. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Two key themes, with multiple subthemes, were identified: 1) Patients experience psychological impacts of AoC; and 2) Patients also experience common physical symptoms. Patients and clinicians recognised significant psychological impact as a result of AoC, and these impacts contributed to overall poorer quality of life. Crucially, both parties also felt that further research into psychological impact of AoC was both interesting and useful. • Little is known about the psychological impact of Adult-Onset Craniopharyngioma (AOC). • Eight patients and 10 clinicians were asked about their experiences. • There was a clear psychological impact of AOC. • Patients with AOC experience poor mental health and reduced social functioning. • More research is needed to understand the impact of AOC outside of the clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autistic women are at higher risks of experiencing mental health difficulties and suicidal behaviours than the general population. However, there are barriers to diagnostic assessments and mental health support reported by autistic women. To date, there is little research into how psychological wellness is experienced by autistic women. Therefore, the aim of this meta-synthesis was to explore this. A systematic literature review of existing qualitative studies was carried out. Twelve papers met the inclusion criteria for this review; the findings of which were collated and synthesised using a seven-step meta-ethnographic approach from which three themes emerged. Three themes were generated from the 12 qualitative studies: (1) "I tend to fall between the cracks": misunderstood and ostracised; (2) "The hidden hurt"; and (3) having to meet the expectations of others. There are important findings from the meta-synthesis which suggest there are increased risks of exploitation for autistic women. Furthermore, social camouflaging in addition to societal, cultural, and gendered expectations can have detrimental influences on psychological wellbeing for autistic women. However, mutual acceptance, belonging, and support were identified as protective factors of psychological wellbeing. Increased knowledge and training for professionals supporting autistic women is needed, particularly during different life stages such as the peri- and postnatal period and the menopause. There is also a need to promote better awareness of safe relationships to reduce risks of abuse and exploitation for autistic women. Adaptations to communication, cognitive and sensory challenges, and psychological therapy are also suggested. • Societal, cultural, and gendered expectations can impact on the psychological wellbeing of autistic women. • Mutual acceptance, belonging and support from others can benefit psychological wellbeing. • There are increased risks of exploitation for autistic women. • Mental health support is reported as lacking for autistic women. • There are psychological costs to social camouflaging for autistic women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's children have less direct contact with nature than ever before, resulting in an “extinction of experience”. Research has suggested that such loss of daily interactions decreases people's appreciation of the natural world, but this remains quantitatively unexplored. We conducted a questionnaire survey of undergraduate university students in Tokyo, Japan, and determined the effects of frequency of contact with nature on emotional connectedness to nature and perceptions of neighbourhood nature. A total of 255 students participated in the surveys. Students' perceptions of neighbourhood nature were measured by to what extent they valued cultural ecosystem services derived from neighbourhood natural environments, birds and butterflies. Results showed that students valued neighbourhood natural environments, birds and butterflies for many different reasons, such as relaxation, beauty of natural scenes, an indicator of seasonality, and opportunities for education. Linear mixed models revealed that both current and childhood frequencies of contact with nature were positively related not only to students' emotional connectedness to nature but also their perceptions of neighbourhood nature. Students' emotional connection to nature and perceptions of neighbourhood nature were positively associated with each other. Our results suggest that, given the rapid decrease in children's daily contact with nature, public appreciation of the value of the natural world is likely gradually also to decrease. This can be a major obstacle to reversing global environmental challenges. People should therefore be encouraged to experience neighbourhood natural environments and biodiversity, and city planners and policy makers will play a vital role in connecting people with nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Couples raising a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face challenges that may impact on their relationship. The purpose of this review was to compare relationship satisfaction in couples raising children with and without ASD and to identify factors associated with satisfaction in couples with a child with ASD. Methods Thirteen databases were searched and studies were systematically screened against predetermined inclusion criteria. Twenty six articles, ranging from good to strong methodological quality, met the criteria for inclusion. Of these, seven were included in a meta-analysis comparing relationship satisfaction in couples raising a child with ASD with couples raising children without disabilities. Results The meta-analysis showed that couples raising a child with ASD were found to experience less relationship satisfaction than couples raising a child without a disability (Hedges’s g = 0.41, p < 0.001); however, evidence from the narrative synthesis was mixed when compared with couples raising children with other disabilities. The most consistent evidence implicated challenging child behaviours, parental stress and poor psychological wellbeing as risk factors, and positive cognitive appraisal and social support as protective factors. Conclusion Findings demonstrate that couples raising a child with ASD would benefit from support to assist them in maintaining satisfaction in their relationship with their partner. However, further studies are needed to gain a greater understanding of the risk and protective factors and how these co-vary with relationship satisfaction over time. A theoretical framework has been developed to scaffold future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims Chronic methamphetamine (MA) use is associated with cognitive impairment and psychopathological symptoms. This longitudinal study aims to examine the cognitive function of MA addicts during periods of abstinence. Methods Fifty-four MA dependent individuals and 58 healthy controls (HC) completed the psychological wellbeing scales and the CogState Battery that evaluated seven cognitive domains. During approximately 6-month abstinence, the subjects completed the CogState battery twice at the interval of 3 months. Results In the tasks of verbal memory, social emotional cognition, and spatial working memory, working memory, and problem solving the MA group performed worse than the HC group (P < 0.05). After 6-month abstinence, impaired verbal memory, social emotion, and problem solving were improved in the MA group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the MA group showed lower scores in batteries of social adaptation ( t = 3.13, P = 0.002) and quality of life ( t = 3.70, P < 0.001) than the HC group, and 83.3% MA addicts displayed various psychiatric symptoms before study entry. Conclusions Chronic MA addicts exhibited impairment of some CogState battery domains and poor psychological wellbeing, and that some of these subdomains were recoverable on abstinence. Therefore, improved cognitive function should be considered an important component in the treatment of MA dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bilateral prophylactic, or preventative, mastectomy (BPM) for women at high risk of developing breast cancer (BC) can reduce their risk of developing the disease by up to 90% (relative risk reduction). An increasing number of women, including young women, are taking up this option. However, there is a dearth of information for younger women (under 40 years) choosing preventative mastectomy. In fact, no studies to date have specifically focused on younger women's experiences of a BPM and investigated their informational needs. The purpose of this review is to report on the current literature surrounding the psychological experience of a BPM and the informational needs for women at high risk of developing BC with a particular emphasis on younger women. Research has highlighted a range of psychological outcomes linked to preventative mastectomy, including positives such as reduced anxiety and negatives including impaired body image and sexuality. The literature strongly suggests women want more information surrounding BPM, particularly related to the after effects of the surgery, and the impact on their psychological wellbeing. Research method limitations and reporting has resulted in conflicting conclusions, making it difficult for women to be well informed. In particular, there has been little focus on the experiences and needs of younger women opting for BPM. Due to the unique needs of younger women and an increase in BPM rates for younger women, it is imperative that the needs of this group are addressed. Together these findings provide justification and recommendation for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine how work-family-school role conflict and social support influence psychological well-being among registered nurses pursuing an advanced degree. Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational study design was used. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 320 registered nurses pursuing an advanced nursing degree at 13 hospitals in Korea, from June to October 2011. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with the AMOS program. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the measurement model prior to the testing of study hypotheses before and after controlling for extraneous variables. Results: The fit parameters of the modified model (χ²/df = 2.01, GFI = 0.91, AGFI = 0.89, CFI = 0.92, SRMR = 0.068, and RMSEA = 0.065) indicated its suitability as the research model. This model explained 45% of the variance in work-related psychological well-being and 52% of the variance in general psychological well-being. Both social support and work-family-school role conflict exerted significant effects on work-related psychological well-being and general psychological well-being. Conclusion: The findings of the present study imply that work-family-school role conflict influences the psychological well-being of registered nurses pursuing an advanced degree. It is necessary for nursing administrators to develop strategies to help registered nurses to manage their multiple roles and improve both their work-related psychological well-being and their general psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Objective and self-reported sleep are only moderately correlated and it is uncertain if these two types of sleep measures are associated with distinct biological and psychological outcomes.Methods: Participants were 119 healthy women aged 26years on average. Cortisol and blood pressure assessed over one day were the measures of biological function. Psychological variables included optimism, life satisfaction, positive and negative affect as well as emotional distress. Sleep was assessed with the Pittsburgh Quality Index (PSQI), wrist actigraphy and sleep diaries.Results: Global sleep ratings on the PSQI were unrelated to objective sleep efficiency, duration or latency. Sleep duration derived from sleep diaries was highly correlated with objective duration but was unrelated to the PSQI measure. More disturbed sleep on the PSQI was associated with lower psychological wellbeing, as indicated by reduced levels of optimism, life satisfaction and positive affect as well as greater negative affect and emotional distress. Objective sleep efficiency was reduced among participants with lower positive and higher negative affect but there were no other associations between objective sleep indicators and psychological variables tested in our study. Participants with poorer self-reported sleep had lower cortisol awakening response while those with longer objective sleep latency had higher diastolic blood pressure, independently of covariates.Conclusion: Our study reveals that self-reported and objective sleep measures, in particular those regarding sleep quality, are weakly associated but have different psychological and biological correlates. This suggests that findings relating self-reported sleep may not necessarily be corroborated by objective sleep indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global financial crisis of 2008 was described by the IMF as the worst recession since the Great Depression. This historic event provided the backdrop to this United Kingdom (UK) longitudinal study of changes in associations between social capital and psychological wellbeing. Past longitudinal studies have reported that the presence of social capital may buffer against adverse mental health outcomes. This study adds to existing literature by employing data from the British Household Panel Survey and tracking the same individuals (N = 11,743) pre- and immediately post-crisis (years 2007–09). With longitudinal, multilevel logistic regression modelling, we aimed to compare the buffering effects of individual-level social capital (generalised trust and social participation) against worse psychological wellbeing (GHQ-12) during and immediately after the 2008 financial crisis. After comparing the same individuals over time, results showed that stocks of social capital (generalised trust) were significantly depleted across the UK during the crisis, from 40% trusting others in 2007 to 32% in 2008. Despite this drop, the buffering effect of trust against worse psychological wellbeing was pronounced in 2008; those not trusting had an increased risk of worse psychological wellbeing in 2008 compared with the previous year in fully adjusted models (OR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.34–1.65). Levels of active participation increased across the timeframe of this study but were not associated with psychological health. From our empirical evidence, decision makers should be made aware of how events such as the crisis (and the measures taken to counter its effects) could negatively impact on a Nation's trust levels. Furthermore, past research implies that the positive effects of trust on psychological wellbeing evident in this study may only be short-term; therefore, decision makers should also prioritise policies that restore trust levels to improve the psychological wellbeing of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We present a systematic literature review of 32 empirical studies. • Social media discontinuation (SMD) drivers and inhibitors are divided into three categories: individual, relational and platform-specific. • Most of the SMD drivers are of individual nature, which can further be divided into cognitive, behavioural and emotional categories. • A holistic picture of SMD drivers and inhibitors is provided. Recent practical reports reveal that users leave social media. This behavior is named social media discontinuation (SMD) and is attributed to stress, fatigue, and further negative effects caused while using social media. While current literature points to some causes of SMD, a systematic literature review is needed to identify current research trends, carve out future research directions, and guide practitioners in encouraging users not to close their social media accounts. We thus examine existing research on SMD and identify its drivers and inhibitors. We conducted a systematic literature review by screening 1,270 studies, published in journals and conference proceedings since 2005. We focused on 32 studies that matched our screening guidelines. Our results come up with three SMD drivers and inhibitors categories: individual, relational and platform-specific. Individual drivers and inhibitors can further be divided into cognitive, behavioral, and emotional drivers, whereas platform-specific drivers are related to content and other social media characteristics. Most drivers are from the individual or the relational category. The findings contribute to SMD research by providing a comprehensive state-of-the-art perspective on what drives and inhibits SMD. This lets us develop valuable future research directions, such as the need for future research on SMD inhibitors, which have received little attention. The study further offers valuable practical implications to social media service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The descriptive findings from the Danish sample of the second Diabetes, Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN2) study are presented, with specific focus on the psychological impact of living with diabetes and quality of life for people with diabetes and family members of people with diabetes.Method: 502 people with diabetes over the age of 18 and 122 family members completed questionnaires online, by telephone or in person, including validated measures of diabetes-related distress, emotional well-being and quality of life as well as other measures of psychological well-being.Results: People with diabetes reported that living with diabetes was a psychological burden, with individuals taking insulin medication or diagnosed with type 1 diabetes reporting the most distress. Half of all family members sampled reported that living with diabetes impacted them negatively.Conclusion: The higher levels of emotional distress found in people taking insulin medication are likely due to greater disease severity and associated self-care burdens. Care and support programmes may need to be revised in order to better address these issues. Moreover, psychological support programmes may need to be extended to include family members that experience distress as a result of living with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has established a robust association between subjective socioeconomic status (SES) and health outcomes, which holds over and above the associations between objective markers of SES and health. Furthermore, comparative research on health inequalities has shown considerable variation in the relationship between different objective markers of SES and health across countries. Drawing on data from 29 countries, we present the first cross-national study on the subjective SES–health relationship. For two health outcomes, namely self-rated health (SRH) and psychological wellbeing, we are able to confirm that subjective SES is related to health in all countries under study, even when income, education, and occupational prestige are accounted for. Furthermore, we document considerable variation in the strength of the subjective SES–health association across countries. This variation however is largely independent of country differences in income inequality and country affluence. The health benefits of a high subjective SES appear to be slightly larger in more affluent countries, but only for SRH, not for psychological wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]