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To evaluate the association between the energy consumption of sweetened beverages (SBs) adjusted for daily energy intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. This was a prospective study with 2480 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-free Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME) participants at baseline and 2–4 years of follow-up. A longitudinal analysis was performed with generalized equation estimation to verify the effect of SB consumption, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, on the incidence of T2DM. The incidence of T2DM was 2.78%. The median calorie intake of daily SB consumption adjusted for energy was 47.7 kcal/day. Participants with the highest consumption of SBs (≥47.7 kcal/day) were 63% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63; p value-0.049) more likely to acquire T2DM over time compared to the lowest consumption (<47.7 kcal/day). Higher energy consumption from SBs favored a higher incidence of T2DM among CUME participants. The results reinforce the need for marketing restrictions on these foods and taxation to reduce the consumption of these beverages to prevent T2DM and other chronic noncommunicable diseases. • Effects of sweetened beverages (SB) on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. • Participants with diabetes had a much higher median calorie consumption from SBs, adjusted for daily energy intake, than participants without diabetes. • The mediation analysis of the association between SB consumption and T2DM incidence indicates that overweight had a very low mediation, only 4.4%. • Participants with the highest consumption of SBs were 63% more likely to acquire T2DM over time compared with the lowest consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background To compare two care models of high-risk pregnant women--a House for Pregnant Women, staffed by nurse-midwives, versus a traditional care model in a hospital maternity ward. Design This was across-sectional study conducted in two reference maternity hospitals for high-risk pregnancies, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sample consisted of 312 high-risk pregnant women consecutively admitted from January 1st to December 31 st , 2010, either to the House for Pregnant Women ( n =247), or the hospital maternity ward ( n =65). Gestational ages varied from 22 weeks to 36 weeks and six days. We measured individual, demographic, obstetric, labour and delivery variables, and newborn characteristics. For data analysis, we used descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistics using Poisson regression, with a 5% significance level. Findings At the conventional hospital maternity ward, more women had six or more antenatal exams, greater frequencies of diagnosis related to blood pressure, and a greater number of women underwent either a C-section or a vaginal delivery with an episiotomy and analgesia. At the House for Pregnant Women, the majority of the hospitalizations were related to preterm labour and premature rupture of membranes. There were no statistical differences in the newborn characteristics. Key conclusions The House for Pregnant Women care model, utilizing midwives was less interventionist, yet with results as favorable as in a conventional maternity hospital setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ultraprocessed food consumption has increased in the past decade. Evidence suggests a positive association between ultraprocessed food consumption and the incidence of overweight and obesity. However, few prospective studies to our knowledge have investigated this potential relation in adults. Objective: We evaluated the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and the risk of overweight and obesity in a prospective Spanish cohort, the SUN (University of Navarra Follow-Up) study. Design: We included 8451 middle-aged Spanish university graduates who were initially not overweight or obese and followed up for a median of 8.9 y. The consumption of ultraprocessed foods (defined as food and drink products ready to eat, drink, or heat and made predominantly or entirely from processed items extracted or refined from whole foods or synthesized in the laboratory) was assessed with the use of a validated semiquantitative 136-item food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for incident overweight and obesity. Results: A total of 1939 incident cases of overweight and obesity were identified during follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of ultraprocessed food consumption were at a higher risk of developing overweight or obesity (adjusted HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.45; P-trend = 0.001) than those in the lowest quartile of consumption. Conclusions: Ultraprocessed food consumption was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity in a prospective cohort of Spanish middle-aged adult university graduates. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our results. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02669602. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]