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Magnetic nanocomposite was prepared using the wet chemical precipitation approach with varying amounts of cobaltous oxide (CoO). The concentrations of CoO were 0.5, 3.5, 6.5, and 9.5 g per 100 % wollastonite composition. Samples were sintered separately at 1000 and 1200 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of the sintered parent sample revealed the formation of wollastonite CaSiO 3 and larnite Ca 2 SiO 4 , as well as a minor silicon oxide SiO 2 phase. In CoO-doped samples, Co-åkermanite Ca 2 CoSi 2 O 7 and other phases were formed. The XRD and scanning electron microscope SEM confirm the samples' submicron and nanocrystalline microstructure. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectra (RS) of investigated samples sintered at 1000 and 1200 °C revealed their bond structure. Both analyses confirmed that incorporating CoO into CaSiO 3 significantly improved its vibrational modes, reflecting structural modifications. By increasing the cobalt oxide content from 3.5 to 9.5 wt%, the samples attain the ideal paramagnetic state, as demonstrated by the magnetic hysteresis (M − H) curve, which is linearly reversible. Formation of the Ca 2 CoSi 2 O 7 significantly alters the magnetic characteristics of the samples, whether through increasing the cobalt oxide concentration up to 9.5 wt% or modifying the sintering temperature. This enables the prepared nonocomposites to be suitable for novel magnetic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-entropy perovskite ceramics (HEPCs) with equal atomic ratios have recently emerged as a highly promising class of materials due to their unique magnetic properties. However, the crystal structure, microstructure and magnetic properties of unequal atomic ratios HEPCs have yet to be fully investigated. In this paper, single-phase HEPCs (La 0.25 Nd 0.25 Sm 0.25 Gd 0.25) 1- x Ho x MnO 3 ((LNSG) 1- x H x MO) have been synthesized using solid-state reactions. The effect of Ho element content (x = 0.25, 0.3, 0.35 and 0.4) on the structure and magnetic properties was systematically investigated. All samples exhibit an orthorhombic perovskite structure with a Pbnm space group and show obvious crystallization characteristics after sintering at 1250 °C for 16 h (LNSG) 1- x H x MO HEPCs display a smooth surface texture and distinct grain boundaries, as well as significant hysteresis effects at T = 5 K. The spin-orbit interaction and magnetic anisotropy between Ho and Mn ions increase with the increase of Ho content, which increases the saturation magnetization (M s) of HEPCs. (LNSG) 0.6 H 0.4 MO exhibits the lowest magnetic hysteresis losses among the considered samples, attributed to its highest M s (50.95 emu/g) and the lowest coercivity H c (0.6 kOe). These characteristics endow it with a potential application in magnetic storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysts that combine with dielectric and magnetic properties are vital because of a wide variety of applications for these combinations, and nanostructured magnetic semiconductive materials have attracted significant interest due to their potential applications. A series of Cd 0.4 Co 0.6 Dy X Ce X Fe 2-2X O 4 spinel nano ferrites (nFs) were synthesized by using a highly efficient low-temperature method of citrate sol-gel auto-combustion for Methylene Blue (MB) dye degradation photocatalysts under visible light irradiation that combines with dielectric and magnetic properties are vital because of a wide variety of applications for these combinations, and nanostructured magnetic semiconductive materials have attracted significant interest due to their potential applications. The recycled MB is one of the hazardous textile dyes that is used extensively but causes risks for both humans and the environment. The prepared Dy3+ and Ce3+ doped Cd–Co nFs were polycrystalline with cubic structure, and crystalline size was increased from 15.78 to 21.02 nm with higher crystallinity, and the surface morphology changes from a spherical shape to a hexagonal shape with higher doping concentrations. The direct optical band gap values are increased. FTIR spectra reveal the stretching vibrations along the [M↔O] bond tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites. HRTEM results revealed that the prepared Cd–Co nFs have higher crystalline nature and high porosity. VSM indicates the sample's soft magnetic action and hysteresis loops showed the highest saturation magnetization (Ms) is 12.243 emu/g, and retentivity increases around 6.038 emu/g, decreasing the dielectric tangent loss, dielectric constant and dielectric loss. The AC conductivity raised with applied frequency. The PL gives a blue emission, and photocatalytic has the highest degradation activity 40.93 % of MB would be successful after 120 min irradiation of X = 0.07 Dy3+ and Ce3+ doped Cd–Co nFs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiferroic composites of sol-gel synthesized Sodium Bismuth Titanate (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3) and Co–Ti substituted Barium Hexaferrite (BaFe 12-2x Co x Ti x O 19 ; x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) in the ratio 3:1 was synthesized through ceramic route. Successful formation of R3c rhombohedral and P63 / mmc hexagonal phases corresponding to Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 and BaFe 12-2x Co x Ti x O 19 respectively was confirmed from the XRD and Rietveld refinement pattern. The frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric constant and loss of the composite systems exhibited typical dispersion behaviour which could be understood using the Maxwell-Wagner model. Substituted samples showed enhanced dielectric behaviour where dielectric constant was observed to increase while loss tangent decreased. Using the Universal Jonscher's Power law (JPL), conductivition mechanisms of the composite systems were studied from the ac conductivity behaviour which revealed that the x = 0.0 sample followed Non-overlapping Small Polaron Tunnelling (NSPT) model while the remaining samples followed the Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH) model. The complex impedance and Nyquist plot analysis showed the enhancement of resistive property in the x ≠ 0 systems. Magnetic hysteresis loop measurements were conducted, and the associated parameters were determined with the assistance of the Law of Approach to Saturation (LAS). Favourable reduction in the magnetic anisotropy was observed indicating the disturbance of magnetic spin structure in the hexaferrite phase. The P-E loops established the novel room temperature multiferroic nature of the composite systems. Significant magnetoelectric coupling was detected at room temperature in all samples, with the x = 0.5 sample exhibiting the highest value of approximately 59.81 mV/cmOe. These desirable properties suggest that the composites may find future device applications as in magnetically tunable energy harvesting devices and self-powered magnetoelectric sensors in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with chemical formula CoFe 1·9 Ce 0·1 O 4 were synthesized at different annealing temperatures (600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000C°) via sol-gel auto-combustion method. Thermal analysis for sample annealed at 1000C° was examined through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and revealed the presence of exothermic peak at around 500C° attributed to crystallization of prepared nanoferrites. Structural analysis such as phase formation, crystallinity and morphology was investigated by x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). XRD study revealed higher dependence of grain size growth with annealing temperatures as compared to lattice parameter. HRTEM investigation confirmed that grains have almost uniform morphology with some agglomeration and confirmed values of lattice parameters and grain sizes calculated from XRD data. Magnetic hysteresis was studied by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at room temperature with an applied field of 20 kOe. The results showed an increase in saturation magnetization and remanent magnetization with increasing of annealing temperature, whereas a decline in coercivity was observed. Distribution of cations at tetrahedral and octahedral sites was investigated using x-ray and magnetic parameters which confirmed the mixed spinel ferrite nature of samples. Dielectric properties were carried out at room temperature in the range 0.1Hz–3.0 MHz. Both dielectric constant and ac conductivity decreased with rising of annealing temperature. Variation of dielectric loss tangent, impedance, electric modulus and relaxation time with temperature were also investigated. The effect of annealing temperature on the structure and its impact on magnetic and dielectric properties has been examined and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strontium-zirconium ferrite (Sr–ZrFe) nanocomposites are prepared by the co-precipitation method. Zirconium is taken in two ratios (20% & 50%) with strontium of (80% & 50%) in the synthesis process to make Sr 0.8 Zr 0.2 Fe 12 O 19 and Sr 0.5 Zr 0.5 Fe 12 O 19 which are mentioned as Sr–ZrFe1 and Sr–ZrFe2. The nanocomposites' crystallite size is ascertained by applying the Scherrer equation is 20.97 nm and 21.09 nm. The SEM micrographs show the hexagonal shape of the synthesized nanocomposites. The EDS spectrum depicts the nanocomposites' atomic percentage. The coercivity of the nanocomposites calculated is (H c) = 0.4353 Oe and 0.4450 Oe. From the magnetic hysteresis loop, both composites are found to be single-domain soft ferromagnetic materials. Therefore, the synthesized composites can be used as magnetic data storage devices. The Kubelka-Munk plot is used for obtaining the band gap energy from the UV-DRS reflectance data. The highest intensity peaks of Sr–ZrFe1 and Sr–ZrFe2 nanocomposites are studied from the PL analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional circulators utilize ferrites with low magnetocrystalline anisotropy driven by external magnetic bias fields. Hexagonal ferrites with a strong uniaxial anisotropy enable self-biased circulators, significantly reducing their volume, weight, and cost. Here, a unique uniaxial hexaferrite, Cu 18H hexaferrite, with narrow ferrimagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth at zero magnetic bias field is reported. The temperature-dependent magnetic hysteresis loops show a significant decrease in coercivity from cryogenic to room temperature, indicating a transition from the hard to soft magnetic state. The crystallographic texture ensures a squareness ratio greater than 0.65 and leads to a strong internal bias field induced by the aligned easy-magnetization axes. Owing to the highly dense and oriented crystallites, the zero-field FMR exhibits excellent linewidths of ∼270–320 Oe, which are lower than those of most hexaferrites reported at the K a -band. These results reveal the great potential of Cu 18H hexaferrite as a low-loss microwave ferrite used for self-biased circulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gadolinium-doped cerium oxide (Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 2-∂ ; CGO) and strontium-doped lanthanum ferrite (La 0.6 Sr 0.4 FeO 3 ; LSF) are well-known compounds for their application in solid oxide fuel cells, dense oxygen permeable membrane, and high-temperature ceramic reactor. The superior electro-catalytic performance of these two individual oxides or their composites is well established as it originates from multivalent cations (Ce3+/4+ and Fe2+/3+/4+) and doping-induced defects like electrons, holes, and oxygen vacancies. This work focuses on synthesizing and characterizing composite taking CGO and LSF in different weight ratios, i.e., 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 70:30, and 90:10 by sol-gel auto-combustion process. End members CGO and LSF were also synthesized for comparison purposes. All synthesized nanopowders (single phases and their composites) were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for elemental composition analysis. XRD and SEM results established the formation of the required phase and targeted composition. The optical properties of the materials were evaluated with the help of ultraviolet–visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). Tauc's approximation measured band gap energies, and all the composites showed a very high band gap in the 4.85–5 eV range. Magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization (M s), remanence (M r), and coercive force (H c) were calculated from a magnetic hysteresis loop obtained from the Vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) experiment at room temperature. Furthermore, the law of approach to saturation (LAS) model was applied to more precisely calculate M s and other essential parameters. In magnetic characterization, the LSF phase fraction controls the overall magnetic property of the composites. Electrochemical behavior, such as the composites' charge storage ability and stability were tested by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry method. All the samples exhibited good stability, and the highest specific capacitance of 26 F/gm was obtained for the composite sample (CL91) when only 10 % LSF phase was incorporated in the nanocomposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn 0.35 Co 0.05 Ni 0.60- x Mg x Fe 1.96 O 4 ferrites (x = 0, 0.08, 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, 0.40) were prepared via a solid-state reaction. The phase composition and microstructure of the ferrite powders were analysed and the samples were determined to be pure spinel ferrites. At x = 0.24, the volume loss (P CV) of this ZnCoNiMg ferrite was as high as 829.23 mW/cm3. An increase in the amount of Mg substitution decreased the density of the ferrite sample, resulting in a larger P CV. Analysis of the magnetic hysteresis (M − H) loops revealed that ZnCoNiMg ferrites had the distinct magnetic properties of a soft magnetic ferrite. When x = 0.24, the reflection loss of this ZnCoNiMg ferrite sample had a minimum value of −36.713 dB under certain conditions. The more single domain particles, the more electromagnetic energy absorbed by ferromagnetic resonance effect. Based on these magnetic properties and absorption properties, the ZnCoNiMg ferrites have excellent potential for absorbing electromagnetic energy and are suitable for fabricating wave-absorbing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to this study, Co 2 Z ferrite is suitable for applications in high-frequency antennas. Ba 3 Co 2 Fe 24-x Dy x O 41 samples with different values of Dy3+ doping concentration (x) in the range of 0.00–0.25 were prepared in the study by employing solid-state sintering and 2.5 wt% Bi 2 O 3 sintering aids. A systematic analysis of the physical phase structure, microstructure, and magnetic dielectric properties of the samples was also performed. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples showed that doping with Dy3+ ions and the addition of the Bi 2 O 3 sintering aid had not changed the physical structure of the sample material, indicating that the material was still a Z-type hexagonal ferrite. In addition, according to the magnetic hysteresis loops of the samples, all six groups of them exhibited typical soft magnetic properties. With an increase in the Dy3+ ion doping concentration, the saturation magnetization intensity and coercivity of the samples initially increased and then decreased. The sample with a Dy3+ ion doping concentration of 0.15 had the most uniform grain distribution, largest density, and smallest porosity among the samples. Additionally, that sample had the maximum values of the real parts of the magnetic permeability (7.89) and permittivity (13.90) while having a low magnetic loss (tanδ μ ≤0.04) and a low dielectric loss (tanδ ε ≤0.03). Thus, this type of magnetic dielectric materials will have significant potential for use in high-frequency antenna applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type II multiferroics possess the highest magnetoelectric coupling among single phase multiferroics due to the relation between the spin order and the ferroelectric polarization. However, these materials tend to exhibit magnetoelectric coupling at temperatures lower than room temperature which limits their applications. In recent years the Y-type hexaferrites have been studied due to the tunability of its magnetic structure which enables to stabilize its magnetoelectric phases up to room temperature. In the present work, the effects of Ni2+ doping in BaSrCo 2-x Ni x Fe 11 AlO 22, with x varying from 0 to 1.5, Δx = 0.5, are studied. Temperature scan of the magnetic properties and hysteresis loops confirm that Ni2+ concentration reduces magnetization and, stabilizes the spin driven ferroelectric phases. Magnetic behavior and magnetodielectric measurements allow identifying that the samples with x of 1.0 and 1.5 mol of Ni2+ exhibit room temperature spin driven electric polarization. In addition, XRD Rietveld refinement shows a reduction of the a/b and c cell parameters while the T-S boundary through the Fe8–O9 bond is stretched, which may be attributed to the stability of the spin driven ferroelectric phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase formation, microstructure, magnetic properties, and dielectric properties of Ba 1.5 Sr 1.5 Co 2 Fe (23 − x) Cr x O 41 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) ceramics, in which Fe3+ ions were substituted by Cr3+ ions, were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction results reveal that Z-type hexagonal ferrite was formed by sintering at 1250 °C, and Cr3+ ions successfully enter lattice without destroying crystal structure. Analysis of the microstructure reveals that Cr3+ ion doping has significant effect on crystal micromorphology. Samples with x = 0.4 have the most homogeneous micromorphology and the highest sintering density of 5.12 g/cm3. In addition, under the influence of external magnetic field, all samples exhibit typical soft magnetic character and hysteresis characteristics, with saturation magnetization up to 63.86 emu/g (x = 0.6). Particularly, compared with undoped sample, Cr-doped samples have outstanding magnetic–dielectric properties. Firstly, with increasing Cr3+ amount, real part of the permeability (μ ′) reaches the maximum value of 10.70 at x = 0.4, while cutoff frequency exceeds 2 GHz, and Snoek constant reaches ∼19.50 GHz. Furthermore, due to more homogeneous microstructure, samples with x = 0.4 have low magnetic loss and can maintain high quality factor (Q) over a broad frequency range. Moreover, real part of the permittivity (ε ′) reaches the maximum value of 16.90 at x = 0.6, and dielectric loss remains lower than 0.013 for frequencies below 0.7 GHz. Consequently, magnetic–dielectric materials prepared in this work are expected to have extensive application prospects for ultrahigh-frequency devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum-doped copper ferrite nanoparticles synthesized via thermal decomposition were analyzed for Al3+ substitution effects. Nanocrystalline doped copper ferrite with a crystallite size <9 nm was characterized using several advanced techniques, including X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The degree of thermal decomposition used for doping copper ferrite at the nanoparticle level correlates well with the quantitative, dimensional, and structural characterizations. The Scherrer equation and Williamson–Hall method were employed to determine the general lattice strain and constants. Structural properties, such as the oxygen positional parameters, radii of the octahedral and tetrahedral sites, hopping lengths, bond lengths and angles, site bonds, and edge lengths, were determined using XRD patterns. The improved A–B super-exchange interaction was demonstrated by the discrepancy in the theoretically anticipated bond angles. The analysis of magnetic hysteresis (M − H) using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and XPS confirmed the improvement in the super-exchange interaction. XPS results suggest that Fe and Cu in the crystal lattice are in the form of FeIII and CuII, respectively. The investigation of the degree of inversion, state, and composition using XPS aids to understand the properties of the nanostructured copper ferrites. The saturation and remnant magnetization were determined from hysteresis loops at 1.8 T obtained using the VSM at room temperature. The noncollinear spin and efficient sublattice interactions are responsible for the decrease in M s and M r. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiferroics are materials that exhibit two or more primary ferroic properties within the same phase and have potential applications in sensors, spintronics and memory devices. Here, the dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic properties of novel multiferroics derived from BaTi 1− x (Fe 0.5 Nb 0.5) x O 3 (BTFN, 0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) ceramics are investigated. Multiferroism in these ceramics is manifested by the coexistence of ferroelectric long-range ordering and antiferromagnetism. With increasing x -value, there is a structural evolution from a tetragonal perovskite to a mixture of tetragonal and cubic phases, accompanied by a decrease in the temperature of maximum permittivity. At room temperature, ferroelectric behaviour is evidenced by the presence of current peaks corresponding to domain switching in the current-electric field loops, while the observation of non-linear narrow magnetic hysteresis loops suggests dilute magnetism. The results indicate that in the x = 0.07 composition the antiferromagnetic order is established through an indirect super-exchange interaction between adjacent Fe ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of the Dy3+-Cu2+ doping on the structural, magnetic, and electromagnetic properties of Sr 1.7 Ba 0.3 Co 2-x Dy x Fe 12-x Cu x O 22 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2) synthesized using sol-gel auto combustion. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirmed the single-phase formation of Co 2 –Y-type hexaferrite. The lattice parameter a increased from 5.843 Å (x = 0.0) to 5.876 Å (x = 0.2) and c from 43.348 (x = 0.0) Å to 43.535 Å (x = 0.2). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identifies two absorption bands of hexagonal ferrites at 434 cm−1 and 553 cm−1. The average grain size obtained from field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) decreases from 2.47 to 1.83 μm. M − H loop obtained from the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) exhibited a saturation magnetization and coercivity of 31.80 emu/g, 38.60 emu/g, 41.60 emu/g, and 185.04 Oe, 335.16 Oe, 604.55 Oe with x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 respectively. According to the vector network analyzer (VNA) result, the minimum reflection loss of the Dy3+-Cu2+ substituted Co 2 –Y-type hexaferrite with 3.5 mm thickness was −18 dB at 9.4 GHz and bandwidth extending from 8.5 to 10 GHz. In summary, Dy3+-Cu2+ substituted Co 2 –Y-type hexaferrite has potential application in the X bands. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed magnetic composites of manganese ferrite and cristobalite (MnFe 2 O 4 –SiO 2) were produced by the solid-state reaction method, using as starting materials in natura ores found in the state of Rio Grande do Norte – Brazil. Based on the stoichiometric proportions of the precursor ores, various composites in the form of powders and pellets were synthesized at a temperature of 1200 °C/12h under ambient atmosphere. Samples in the form of pellets were made at compression pressures of 370 and 740 MPa to investigate the effect of pressure on the physicochemical, and dielectric properties of the material. Structural, morphological and magnetic analyses were studied for the series of samples. X-ray diffractogram (XRD) results confirmed the formation of the mixed spinel phase MnFe 2 O 4 with cubic symmetry and space group Fd-3m:1, together with peaks corresponding to SiO 2 –cristobalite. The Rietveld refinements identified a predominance of about 90% of the MnFe 2 O 4 phase with crystallite variations of 130–190 nm due to the effect of compaction pressure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) mappings show clusters of triangular crystals in the pellets series. Magnetic hysteresis cycles at room temperature show a fast magnetization saturation (M S) response in a field of ∼4 kOe, with parameters dependent on the size and shape of the crystallites. The magnetically soft ferrites exhibited very low coercive field values. The hysteretic curves measured at 5 K showed a significant gain in the M S of ∼30 emu/g. Analyzes of magnetization as a function of temperature identified a blocked regime with a maximum ∼97 K (powder) and ∼170 K (pellets), and an irreversibility of the ZFC–FC curves up to room temperature. An indication of a spin-glass (SG) like state close to 20 K can also be seen in these results. Dielectric characterization of the pellets was performed from 1.0 to 8.5 GHz, and presented well-defined behavior, where real permittivity can be highly related to Rietveld refinement of XRD, and SEM/EDS results. This research suggests the feasibility of producing manganese ferrite composites directly from minerals, without the use of high-purity chemical reagents, allowing their obtainment on a large scale for commercial use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructured Bi 0.9 Eu 0.1 FeO 3 (BEFO), Ni 0.6 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 (NZF), and (1-x).BEFO + x.NZF composites have been synthesized by traditional solid state reaction process with several dispersion techniques, where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0. X-ray diffraction confirms the perovskite, cubic, and mixed perovskite-spinel phase formation of BEFO, NZF, and (1-x).BEFO + x.NZF composites respectively. FESEM and EDX analysis confirm the nano grain size and compositional purity of the samples. The effect of sintering temperature (T S) on grain growth was studied at 600 °C and 850 °C, where the range of the average grain size is between (90–131) nm and (157–272) nm. The magnetic hysteresis loop properties of all the samples were measured by VSM, where the saturation magnetization (M S) of BEFO increased from 10.31 emu/g to 50.54 emu/g with increasing NZF content. The increment of NZF content also modified other magnetic properties of (1-x).BEFO + x.NZF composites such as coercive force (H C), retentivity (M r), magnetic moment (n B), and anisotropy constant (K). The frequency dependent permeability measurements show that the initial permeability (μ') was stable in a long frequency range up to 108 Hz and that the magnetic loss tangent (tanδ M) decreased with increasing NZF content. The dielectric characteristics and AC resistivity of the composites were measured by an impedance analyzer over a wide frequency range (1 Hz–100 MHz). All the dielectric properties of the synthesized samples show excellent stability up to a long frequency region and vary sharply with increasing NZF content. From the optimization, 0.9 BEFO + 0.1 NZF composite has the highest permeability and dielectric values with the least amount of dielectric and magnetic losses. All the investigated composites might be strong candidates as multiferroic materials with strong magnetic and electric characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a facile method to synthesize magnetically removable visible-light photocatalysts based on nickel-doped zinc ferrites is presented. Ferrite semiconductor ceramics with the general formula Zn 1-x Ni x Fe 2 O 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5, Δx = 0.1) were prepared by high-energy ball milling followed by annealing at 873 K. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the spinel single-phase Fd-3m without secondary phases for all compositions. The slight decrease in lattice parameters confirmed the presence of Ni2+ ions in the crystal structure because Ni had a smaller ionic radius than Zn. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that Ni2+ ions were distributed on both tetrahedral and octahedral sites, which increased the inversion parameter and affected the photocatalytic efficiency and ferromagnetism. Magnetic hysteresis loops suggested an increase in the specific magnetization as the doping content increased, enabling magnetic recovery and reuse of the photocatalyst in water remediation. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed a reduction in the band gap values with increasing nickel content, which was attributed to forming a sub-level in the band structure in the presence of Ni2+. Photocatalytic tests revealed a degradation efficiency higher than 60%, confirming that the doped samples obtained by high-energy ball milling were highly efficient and easily removable photocatalytic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation the photocatalysts with acceptable performance, and facile recycle ability with magnetic separation is one of the most important challenges for researchers because of they are the promising materials can help to environmental health. Fe 2 O 3 nanostructures with different ration loaded on ZnS/ZnIn 2 S 4 nanocomposite were efficaciously provided through glycothermal procedure. The effect of amount of Fe 2 O 3 nanostructures on structural, physical, magnetic and photocatalytic attributes of the resultant nanocomposite was explored. Morphology, uniformity and size of magnetic recyclable photocatalysts were detected, and present a flower shaped microstructures with assembling the nanosheets. Based on magnetic hysteresis, ternary ZnS/ZnIn 2 S 4 /Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite exposed the maximum saturation magnetization of 0.5481 emu/g which is higher than binary ZnS/ZnIn 2 S 4 nanocomposite. Photocatalytic decolorization of ZnS/ZnIn 2 S 4 /Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposites was conducted in Rhodamine B (RhB) and Methyl orange (MO) solutions illuminated under a 400 W Osram lamp. The outcomes discovered that 95.07% and 56.42% of RhB and MO was removed for the ZnS/ZnIn 2 S 4 /Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposites with ratio of 1:1 from Fe 2 O 3 :Zn. Moreover, it can be simply separated and recycled after being used five times and the degradation efficiency remains 60.83%. Compared to the other catalysts, the magnetic ZnS/ZnIn 2 S 4 /Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposites is suitable for large scale requests in industrial water treatment system. • Glycothermal synthesis of flower shaped ZnS/ZnIn 2 S 4 spheres as nano-photocatalyst. • Design ternary magnetic nanocomposites of ZnS/ZnIn 2 S 4 /Fe 2 O 3 for easer separation and recycling. • Structural and physical comparison of ZnS/ZnIn 2 S 4 and ZnS/ZnIn 2 S 4 /Fe 2 O 3 and nanocomposites. • Photocatalytic decolorization study of RhB and MO in different operational parameters. • Mechanism direction study and specification of rate constant for resultant photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amine-functionalized magnetic microspheres (LS-Fe-NMA) were successfully prepared from lignosulfonate by magnetization and amine modification to remove Cr(VI) from industrial wastewater. In addition to SEM, FTIR, XPS, magnetic hysteresis curves and other characterizations, the adsorption tests were performed in real Cr(VI)-containing industrial wastewater. The experimental influencing factors, such as adsorbent types, LS content in the composites, adsorption time, dosages of adsorbent and adsorption temperature were systematically explored. The results of adsorption models fitting proved that the adsorption conformed to the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. At 45 °C, the calculated equilibrium adsorption amount by LS-Fe-NMA in industrial wastewater was 642.11 mg/g. In addition, the adsorption process followed the principle of spontaneous endothermic reaction. It was found that electrostatic interaction, redox and complexation existed during the adsorption process. The excellent adsorption performance and reusability of LS-Fe-NMA for Cr(VI) demonstrates its practical application value in real Cr(VI)-containing industrial wastewater. • Amine-functionalized magnetic microspheres (LS-Fe-NMA) were successfully fabricated. • LS-Fe-NMA was applied for the practical industrial wastewater purification. • LS-Fe-NMA could remove 99.97 % of Cr(VI) from industrial wastewater. • The adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetics model. • Electrostatic interaction, redox and complexation were the main adsorption mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The changes in BH curve and iron loss of grain-oriented silicon steel sheets under mechanical stress were studied. • The effects of tensile and compressive stresses on the comprehensive magnetic properties of grain-oriented silicon steel sheet. • The disparity in the comprehensive magnetic properties of grain-oriented silicon steel sheet resulting from rolling and vertical rolling processes. The cores of transformers and reactors are subjected to mechanical stresses during both manufacturing and operation, these stresses exert an influence on the magnetic properties of the cores. Additionally, there exists rotating magnetic flux within the cores during operation. Therefore, it is necessary to further consider the magnetic properties of grain-oriented silicon steel sheet in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction. To delve deeply into the comprehensive magnetic properties of grain-oriented silicon steel sheet under mechanical stress, with a particular focus on both the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to it, this paper presents the establishment of a comprehensive magnetic properties measurement platform for grain-oriented silicon steel sheet that possesses stress adjustment capabilities. Through meticulous measurements, the impacts of tensile and compressive stresses on the magnetic hysteresis loops, B-H curves, relative permeability, magnetostriction, and iron loss characteristics of grain-oriented silicon steel sheet in both the rolling direction and the perpendicular direction were obtained and analyzed. The measurement results and subsequent analysis indicate that tensile and compressive stresses exert an influence on the magnetization characteristics of grain-oriented silicon steel sheet. Moreover, the extent of this influence varies between the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to rolling for both tensile and compressive stresses; In the rolling direction, compressive stress promotes the magnetostriction of the grain-oriented silicon steels, while tensile stress inhibits it. In the direction perpendicular to rolling, both tensile and compressive stresses inhibit the magnetostriction of the grain-oriented silicon steels, with tensile stress exerting a greater inhibitory effect; Tensile stress acts to reduce the iron loss of grain-oriented silicon steels, whereas compressive stress increases it, this pattern is consistently observed in both the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to rolling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The magnetic hysteresis investigated at low and high applied magnetic field for 1 BaFe 12 O 19 + (x) CuFe 2 O 4 (x = 1–6) composite. • The unique elliptical or lens-shaped M−H loops are observed at low applied magnetic fields. • Analyze the magnetic parameters (M s , M r , H c and M r /M s) of all samples with applied magnetic field. • When the magnetic field intensity increases, the susceptibility first increases and then decreases when it reaches a critical threshold. • Influence of soft magnetic phase (CuFe 2 O 4) in magnetic parameters of BaFe 12 O 19 + CuFe 2 O 4 composite. Recent research interest has surged in magnetic composite materials, driven by the increasing demand for permanent magnets, magnetic fluids, and magnetic sensors, in various technological applications. Among all these materials, the 1BaFe 12 O 19 + (x) CuFe 2 O 4 composites have developed as particularly promising in terms of its magnetic properties. However, despite its potential, detailed insights into the magnetic characteristics of this composite remain scarce in the existing literature. In this article, we address this gap by thoroughly investigating the magnetic properties of the 1BaFe 12 O 19 + (x) CuFe 2 O 4 composite across a range of compositions (x = 1 to 6). This present study focused on both low and high applied magnetic fields, examining the material's behavior in Rayleigh region as well as under intense magnetic influences. At low magnetic fields, the M−H loop exhibits distinctive elliptical or lens shape. Notably, the susceptibility (χ m) initially increases but then declines after reaching a critical threshold with increasing magnetic field strength. The analysis of different magnetic parameters, including maximum magnetization (M m), remanent magnetization (M r), coercive field (H c), and the ratio of remanent to maximum magnetization (M r /M m), derived from the M−H loops across different applied magnetic fields have been reported here. According to present research, these magnetic parameters show a growing trendency with increasing applied magnetic field strength until they get close to saturation. Results are correlated with the magnetic domain wall dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glass-forming ability, mechanical and magnetic properties of Ce 60 Ni 25 Al 15- x Ga x (x =0, 4, 8 and 15) melt-spun alloys have been investigated. All the alloys show the formation of glassy phase. The supercooled liquid region increases with increase in Ga addition and becomes maximum for x =15 indicating its better glass-forming ability for this composition. A new metallic glass (MG) composition Ce 60 Ni 25 Ga 15 has been found upon complete substitution of Al by Ga. The mechanical behavior of these alloys has been studied by determining various indentation parameters such as micro-hardness, yield strength and Meyer's exponent. The microhardness property of the Ce-Ni-Al alloy is improved by the addition of Ga. The difference in the formation of shear bands for x =0 and 15 alloys are discussed by estimating the pile-up parameter. The magnetization (M-H) curves of all the samples at 5 K show paramagnetic characteristics with no magnetic hysteresis. The findings reveal that the concentration of Ga has a significant impact on the properties of these alloys. [Display omitted] • Supercooled liquid region increases with Ga addition, indicating better GFA. • A new MG composition Ce 60 Ni 25 Ga 15 has been found with complete substitution of Al by Ga. • Mechanical behavior parameters (micro-hardness, yield strength, pile up etc.) are calculated and compared. • Formation of shear bands around the indentation periphery has been observed. • The magnetization curves of the glassy alloys at 5 K shows paramagnetic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FeNi nanowires (NWs), 40 nm in diameter, were grown by electrodeposition. Compositional analysis showed Fe anomalous co-deposition, with different trends across the different potentials and electrolytes used. Those trends were explained within a modified Bocris-Drazic-Despic chemical reactions model, highlighting the importance of the electrochemical theory in understanding Fe-Ni electrodeposited systems. Structural characterization showed a change from a body-centred cubic structure for Fe-rich NWs to face-centred cubic at mid and low Fe content. Magnetic hysteresis measurements showed a range of coercivities from 20 mT for Fe-rich to 100 mT for Ni-rich NWs. Angular measurements allowed to determine that the magnetization reversal mechanism was dominated by transverse domain wall reversal. The analysis also hinted at the non-shape anisotropy acting as a demagnetizing force. First-order reversal curves (FORCs) showed that arrays with a high absolute value for the non-shape anisotropy had higher magnetic interactions, and vice versa. The non-shape anisotropy is dominated by the magnetostatic interactions between NWs, causing a weakening of the magnetic hardness. In combination with the coercivity angular measurements, the FORC analysis explained the shift in easy axis preference depending on NW chemical composition observed in the hysteresis loops of the samples. [Display omitted] • Electrochemical growth of Fe-Ni nanowires using different potentials and electrolytes. • Fe anomalous co-deposition explained within a modified Bocris-Drazic-Despic model. • Magnetization reversal process dominated by transverse domain wall. • FORC analysis showed increased magnetic interactions among nanowires for higher Fe content. • Magnetostatic interactions dominate the non-shape anisotropy and its demagnetizing effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study of nonmagnetic Zn-substitution effect on the charge-ordered behavior of Pr 0.5 Ca 0.5 Mn 1- x Zn x O 3 (x = 0.0, 0.1) compounds reveal the weakening of strong charge-ordered antiferromagnetic state of the parent compound (x = 0.0). Magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has been calculated using a Python package from isothermal M-H data for these samples. A prominent ferromagnetic contribution in the antiferromagnetic matrix for Mn-site doping is observed, which removes the inverse MCE observed in the pristine sample below the charge ordering temperature T CO. Development of ferromagnetism in the doped system exhibits a metal-insulator transition at T MI = 90 K under 7 T magnetic field and large magnetoresistance (> 99 %), which is not observed in parent compound. Magnetic field-dependent hysteresis at low temperature reveals the ferromagnetic metastability and first-order nature of magnetic phase transition. Random occupation of Zn at the Mn-site of the parent compound disrupts 1:1 Mn3+/Mn4+ charge-ordered superstructure of the parent compound which weakens the charge-ordered antiferromagnetic strength promoting ferromagnetism and double-exchange interaction through an enhanced 2 p -3 d hybridization between Mn and O ions. [Display omitted] • Substitution of Zn in Pr0.5Ca0.5Mn1-xZnxO3 compounds affects their charge-ordered behavior. • Strong charge-ordered antiferromagnetic state in the parent compound weakens with Zn substitution. • MCE was calculated using a Python package from isothermal M-H data. • Mn-site doping removes the inverse MCE observed in the parent sample below the charge ordering temperature. • Metal-insulator transition at TMI = 90 K under a 7 T magnetic field and large magnetoresistance (> 99 %) is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical state strongly influences the magnetic response of ferromagnetic materials. In this paper, the effect of time-varying mechanical stresses on magnetic behavior is modeled by combining a vector-play model and a multiscale approach. The approach incorporates the influence of the crystallographic texture. The model is applied to a polycrystalline low-carbon steel (DC04). Uniaxial measurements are used to identify the dissipation parameters. The model is further validated under complex uniaxial magneto-elastic loading conditions, different from those used for parameter identification, including simultaneous variations of magnetic field and stress. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed approach is the first multiaxial magneto-elastic hysteresis model able to describe the response of a magnetic material to simultaneously varying magnetic field and stress and validated under such loading conditions. • An Extension of the vector-play approach to model the magnetic behavior under time-variations of mechanical stress. • Magneto-elastic characterization of a low-carbon steel. • Modeling validation in a complex magneto-elastic case, with simultaneous variations of magnetic field and mechanical stress. • Thermodynamic consistency analysis of the vector-play approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the electronic transport and magnetic properties of La 1-x Ca x MnO 3 across a wide range of calcium doping (x = 1/8, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, and 1), unveiling distinct electronic and magnetic phase transitions. The findings can be summarized as follows. For samples with x = 1/8, 1/4, and 1/3, a transition temperature is observed at 188 K, 240 K, and 270 K, respectively. The x = 1/2 sample exhibits a charge ordering state, showing thermal hysteresis in electrical resistivity, thermopower, and magnetization. For samples with x = 2/3 and 3/4, a charge ordering state is observed at temperatures of 260 K and 225 K, respectively. However, there is no evidence of thermal hysteresis in terms of electrical resistivity, thermopower, and magnetization. Electrical resistivity and thermopower measurements follow the small polaron hopping model for x = 1/8, 1/4 and 1/3, while the variable range hopping model is applicable for x = 2/3, 3/4, and 1 at high temperatures. The sign and magnitude of the thermopower are found to be dependent on the calcium content. For samples with x less than 1/3, the thermopower is positive. In the case of the sample where x = 1/3, the thermopower changes sign, shifting from negative to positive below 101.8 K. Samples with x greater than 1/3 exhibit negative thermopower. The magnetization curves exhibit a decrease near the magnetic transition temperatures, specifically at 240 K for the x = 1/4 sample and 270 K for the x = 1/3 sample. • Comprehensive analysis of La 1-x Ca x MnO 3 across a wide calcium doping range (x = 1/8 to 1), revealing distinct electronic and magnetic phase transitions. • Application of the small polaron hopping model for samples with x = 1/8, 1/4, and 1/3, and the variable range hopping model for high temperatures in samples with x = 2/3, 3/4, and 1. • Negative thermopower for samples with x greater than 1/3, indicating a dependence on calcium content. • Magnetic properties analysis showing a decrease in magnetization near the transition temperatures, particularly for samples with x = 1/4 and 1/3. • Insights into carrier dynamics and transport mechanisms, with significant implications for the understanding of complex oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work systematically investigated the effect of Fe content on the microstructure and magnetic transition behaviors of melt-extracting Mn-Fe-P-Si microwires. It was shown that the Fe content does not change the main phase of the samples, i.e. Fe 2 P compound, which decreased with the increasement of Fe content. The transition temperature (T tran) decreased from 311 to 245.5 K while the thermal hysteresis (T hys) increased from 9.5 to 22.5 K increasing Fe from 0.90 to 1.05. The samples realized the first order magnetic transition at x = 1.00 and 1.05, correspondingly the samples demonstrated large magnetic hysteresis losses (W y ,) and isothermal magnetic entropy change (− ∆ S iso peak ) at 5 T, 59.1 J kg−1 and 14.5 J kg−1 K−1 for the sample x =1.00, 58.4 J kg−1 and 15.8 J kg−1 K−1 for the sample x = 1.05. In contrast, the samples at x = 0.90 and 0.95 indicated second order transition character, and the W y and − ∆ S iso peak were much smaller, i.e. 14.8 J kg−1 and 10.3 J kg−1 K−1, 9.7 J kg−1 and 10.7 J kg−1 K−1 respectively for the samples x = 0.90 and 0.95. The largest effective refrigerant capacity (RCE , 293.7 J kg−1, 5 T) is found at x = 0.90. The reduced hysteresis and maintained competitive isothermal magnetic entropy change make the melt-extracting Mn-Fe-P-Si microwires with optimized Fe content as a promising magnetocaloric material family applied in real magnetic refrigeration applications. [Display omitted] • The MnFe x P 0.5 Si 0.5 microwires were fabricated by melt-extracted method. • The amount of Fe 2 P main phase increased with the Fe content x decreasing. • The phase transition character corresponds to second order with the Fe content < 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Study of spin dynamics in Ta/NiFe/FeMn/CoFeB multilayer by varying NiFe thickness. • Two distinct FMR modes are found for the NiFe and CoFeB layers. • The separation between the resonance fields shows reconfigurable phenomena. • Parallel mode spin-to-charge conversion is explored using the ISHE technique. • NiFe layer significantly contributes to spin-to-charge conversion. The precise engineering of microwave absorption frequencies is of paramount importance in the advancement of spintronic-based RF devices. In the pursuit of this objective, magnetic thin films demonstrate unrivaled efficacy in enabling external modulation of their microwave responses in a reconfigurable manner. Here, we demonstrate dual-frequency ferromagnetic resonance modes and corresponding spin-to-charge conversion efficiency in thin film structures comprising Ta/NiFe/FeMn/CoFeB multilayer. A systematic thickness variation of the NiFe layer (i.e., 4–20 nm) has been undertaken to elucidate the impact on both static and dynamic properties across the multilayer structure. The presence of two distinct magnetic layers manifests in the emergence of two-step magnetic hysteresis loops, which are incorporated with unique resonant modes. The separation between the resonant fields shows tunable properties with excitation frequencies, thereby offering a wide range of reconfigurable operating parameters. The effective damping parameter has shown a decrement with increasing thickness of the NiFe layers. The effective spin mixing conductance for the NiFe layer was found to be 7.4 ± 0.6 nm−2. The spin-to-charge conversion within these structures has been demonstrated through measurements of the inverse spin Hall effect. Systematic thickness variation revealed that the prominent voltage drop was observed in the NiFe layer compared to the CoFeB layer. Considering the opposite spin Hall angles of Ta and FeMn layer, the direction of the spin flow and spin-to-charge conversion efficiency are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the MnFePSi glass-coated microwires (GCMWS) prepared by using Taylor–Ulitovsky technique at low magnetic fields and low temperatures. While regular ferromagnetic behavior has been observed at room temperature, anomalous magnetic behavior is observed for the glass-coated microwires samples. Notable metamagnetic phase transition is observed for bulk alloy sample from the magnetic hysteresis loops measured at 5 K. Meanwhile, extraordinary metamagnetic phase transition is seen at hysteresis loops measured at temperature below 100 K. In addition, M-H loops show harder magnetic properties compared to the bulk sample, where the coercivity, H c , of glass-coated microwire is about 64 times higher than the one reported in bulk alloy. Additionally, the hysteresis loops of glass-coated microwires measured at temperature lower than 100 K show multistep magnetic behaviour. Zero Field Cooling (ZFC), Field Cooling (FC) and Field Heating (FH) curves of bulk samples show totally different magnetic behaviour compared to the microwire sample measured at the same conditions due to the different microstructure phases for the bulk and microwires samples. The present findings demonstrate the significant impact of drawing, quenching and stresses induced by glass-coating on the microstructure and magnetic characteristics of MnFePSi-metallic alloys as compared to their bulk form. Furthermore, we confirmed that, in contrast to the bulk form constraint, the Taylor-Ulitovsky process for metallic glass-coating microwires may alter the physical characteristics and extend the applications of MnFePSi alloys. [Display omitted] • Preparation of MnFePSi glass-coated microwires. • Harder magnetic properties MnFePSi microwires compared to the bulk sample. • Extraordinary metamagnetic phase transition MnFePSi glass-coated microwires. • Discussions of the effect of internal stresses on properties of NiMnGa microwires. • Different microstructure of MnFePSi microwires compared to the bulk sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Use of Monte Carlo simulations to study the influence of physical parameters on the magnetic properties of a cylindrical core/shell structure. • The structure consists of two cylinders separated by nonmagnetic cylindrical surfaces. • Coupling between the two cylinders involves spins σ=3/2 for the core and S = 2 for the shell. • The study is based on the RKKY (Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida) type of interaction. • Conducting hysteresis cycles of the system for different numbers of nonmagnetic surfaces to complete the study. In this paper, we use Monte Carlo simulations to study the influence of physical parameters on the magnetic properties of a cylindrical core/shell structure separated by nonmagnetic cylindrical surfaces. The coupling between the two cylinders includes the spins σ=3/2 and S = 2 belonging to the core and shell, respectively. This study is based on the RKKY (Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida) type of interaction. In order to complete this study, we carry out the hysteresis cycles of the system under study for a different number of non-magnetic surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiferroic materials (MFM) have drawn substantial attention for developing smart magnetodielectric devices. Herein, cobalt ferrite CoFe 2 O 4 (CFO) was synthesized by a glycine–nitrate sol-gel auto-combustion route and, PVDF-based particulate composite films embedded with CFO have been developed. A comprehensive investigation evaluated the effects of magnetostriction, initiated from the embedded CFO phase, on magnetodielectric characteristics of composite films. The structural, electrical, magnetostrictive and magnetodielectric properties were investigated. The embedded CFO particulate endows PVDF matrix at a higher β–phase forming ability, which enhances the ferroelectricity with a polarisation (P max ∼ 1.09 μC/cm2@ 850 kV/cm), a higher dielectric constant (ε r ∼12.33) and lower dielectric loss. The typical magnetic hysteresis loop was obtained with saturation magnetization (M S ∼4.96 emu/g) and coercivity (H C ∼1.49 kOe), revealing the ferromagnetic ordering in composite films. The response of the magnetodielectric (MD) is observed at room temperature, that is, a large negative MD coefficient ∼2.1 % @ H cr ∼5.0 kOe is achieved for Co 0.9 Fe 2.1 O 4 /PVDF composite films, while MD∼0.65 %@ H cr ∼1.0 kOe is obtained for Co 1.1 Fe 1.9 O 4 /PVDF films, accompanied by a maximum MD∼4.35 % at resonance frequency. The variation in the MD performance reveals a close correlation to the modulated magnetostriction, such as the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, field-induced coefficient and magnetostrictive susceptibility, indicating the strain-mediated coupling MD effect. The multiferroic properties in Co x Fe 3–x O 4 /PVDF composites have potential for magneto-dielectric sensing applications. Furthermore, this work would be exploited to understand MD coupling mechanism and develop MFM for multifunctional devices. Effect of magnetostriction on dielectric properties illustrates the strain-mediated magnetodielectric coupling mechanism in Co x Fe 3–x O 4 /PVDF composites, achieving a giant MD coefficient ∼4.35 % at room temperature. [Display omitted] • Enhanced ferroelectric and significant magnetic properties are observed. • A giant room-temperature magnetodielectric coefficient MD ∼4.35 % is achieved. • Magnetodielectric mechanism is associated with strain-mediated coupling response. • Magnetocrystalline anisotropy resulted by CFO is accepted to evaluate the MD effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Holmium doped Ca-Ba hexaferrite nanoparticles. [Display omitted] • Holmium doped Ba-Ca M−type hexaferrites were fabricated. • Formation of a singular-phase hexagonal structure was confirmed. • The incorporation of Ho3+ ions significantly enhanced magnetic properties. • The Ba 0.5 Ca 0.5 Fe 11.1 Ho 0.9 O 19 demonstrated the optimum magnetic parameters. • Low dissipation factor and dielectric loss was observed. This work reports the synthesis and characterizations of holmium (Ho) doped Ba-Ca hexaferrites (Ba 0.5 Ca 0.5 Fe 12-x Ho x O 19). Structural analysis confirms the pure hexagonal phase throughout, and morphology shows the uniformly distributed hexagonal-shaped particles. The incorporation of Ho3+ ions significantly enhanced magnetic properties, as evidenced by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), attributed to the reconfiguration of Fe3+ ions and the reinforcement of superexchange interactions. Across all samples, magnetic hysteresis (M−H) loops exhibited a consistent hard ferrimagnetic behavior, with saturation magnetization (M s) values varying within the range of 28.64 to 36.33 emu/g, remanent magnetization (M r) from 16.24 to 20.68 emu/g, and coercivity (H c) from 1.771 to 2.059 kOe, respectively. The composition with x = 0.09 demonstrated the highest M s , M r , and H c values. The dielectric properties underscore the potential applications of fabricated M−type hexaferrites in microwave technology due to their low dissipation factor and ε", pivotal for minimizing signal attenuation in crucial components such as filters and resonators. Moreover, Ho doped Ba-Ca hexaferrites present promising alternatives to magnets in electric vehicle applications, suggesting avenues for further research and optimization in this domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fe 3 C/Ag@NG exhibit exceptional catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. • Fe 3 C/Ag@NG has a mesoporous structure exhibits high catalytic property. • Easy recovery of Fe 3 C/Ag@NG with the help of external magnet. Among many pollutants in the water, several research groups take more notice of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP). This work constructed highly dispersible Ag nanoparticles decorated magnetic nitrogen-doped graphene nanocomposite (Fe 3 C/Ag@NG) as a catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. The morphological and chemical structure characteristics, catalytic performance, ferromagnetic properties, and reusability of the catalyst were evaluated. Furthermore, this research also reveals the comparative performance of Ag and Au nanoparticles anchored on the same magnetic carrier in the catalytic reduction of 4-NP. TGA analysis exhibited that the loading of Ag metal in Fe 3 C/Ag@NG was calculated to be 10.8% wt.%. The magnetic hysteresis loop of Fe 3 C@NG at room temperature was found to be 5.6 emu g−1 of magnetization saturation. Furthermore, the Fe 3 C/Ag@NG shows outstanding catalytic performance and reproducibility for the reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP. The reaction rate constant for Fe 3 C/Ag@NG calculated as 1.8 × 10−2 s−1. The 96 % 4-NP conversion of Fe 3 C/Ag@NG after 10 consecutive reactions without loss catalytic activity due to its easy magnetic recovery. This research opens up a vista to design a composite catalyst with ferromagnetic properties and excellent catalytic performance for hydrogenation reactions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different electronic and steric effects of amine backbone led to linear-type M-Dy-M, one-dimensional (1D) chain and interlayer-type structures of complexes. • Align the magnetic easy axis of lanthanide ions as closely as possible with the direction of M-M facilitating the mitigation of quantum tunneling of magnetization. • Notable hysteresis loops at maximum temperature of 3.5 K, 7.5 K, and 4 K are observed for Cu 2 Dy, Zn 2 Dy and Ni 2 Dy complexes, respectively. Series of 3d-4f heterotrinuclear complexes [ M Dy M ] (M =Zn, Cu, Ni) with formula [Cu 2 (L1) 2 DyCl 2 (H 2 O)]·Cl·MeCN (1), [Cu 2 (L2) 2 DyCl 2 ] n (2), [Cu 2 (L3) 2 DyCl 2 (MeOH) 2 ]·Cl·(MeOH) 3 (3), [Zn 2 (L1) 2 DyCl 2 (H 2 O)]·Cl·MeCN (4) and [Ni 2 (L1) 2 DyCl 3 ]·(CH 2 Cl 2) 2 (5) were constructed by three hexadentate compartment Schiff bases (L1 = N ,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine; L2 = N ,N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)-1,3-propanediamine; L3 = N ,N'-bis(2‑hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine). Different electronic and steric effects of amine backbone lead to linear-type M -Dy- M , one-dimensional (1D) chain and interlayer-type structures of complexes 1 – 5 , respectively. Among these, complexes 1, 4 and 5 were constructed as the M -Dy- M linear-type coordination configuration containing diamagnetic zinc(II) ions and paramagnetic copper(II) ions or nickel(II) ions respectively. Molecular magnetic studies reveal that complexes 1, 4, 5 and chain complex 2 exhibited significant single-molecule magnets (SMMs) behavior and the notable hysteresis loops at maximum temperature of 3.5 K, 3 K, 7.5 K, and 4 K are observed, which are comparable among the outstanding heteronuclear (d/f) SMMs constructed by Schiff base ligands. Series of 3d-4f heterotrinuclear [MDyM] SMMs were constructed, different electronic and steric effects of amine backbone lead to very different structure and displaying significant magnetic relaxation with hysteresis loops at maximum temperature of 3.5 K, 3 K, 7.5 K, and 4 K, respectively, which are comparable among the outstanding heteronuclear (d/f) SMMs constructed by Schiff base ligands. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hard/soft magnetic composites were synthesized by physical mixing with different weight percentages. • The synthesized composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SQUID Magnetometer, and electrochemical impedance analyzer. • Structural analysis confirms the presence of two phases independently in the composites. • All the prepared composites exhibit single-step hysteresis loops. In this work, Strontium hexaferrite (S r F e 12 O 19) and Cobalt ferrite (C o F e 2 O 4) nanoparticles and their composites (100 − x) S r F e 12 O 19 /x C o F e 2 O 4 were synthesized. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, were used to investigate the structural properties of the prepared composites. XRD pattern and Rietveld refinement confirm the formation of independent phases, without any secondary phase. Scanning electron microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were employed to study the morphological characteristic and compositional analysis. The analysis of dielectric behavior was performed over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies, exhibiting increase in dielectric constant in the composite. Magnetic properties have been studied at room temperature by measuring the magnetic hysteresis loop. Hard phased Strontium hexaferrite exhibited a large coercivity of 5.9 kOe, whereas soft phase cobalt ferrite shows a saturation magnetization value of 78.4 emu/g. The law of approach to saturation magnetization is applied for the estimation of magnetic saturation in all the composites and observed to vary from 71.3 emu/g to 72.9 emu/g. All the magnetic composites exhibit single-phase magnetic loops confirming, the exchange coupling in all prepared composites. The presence of exchange coupling in hard/soft composites was studied using d M d H vs H plot. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • (1-x) Bi 0.9 Y 0.1 FeO 3 -x BiY 2 Fe 5 O 12 (x = 0.3;0.4;0.7) composites were synthesized by ball milling method. • Raman spectroscopy measurements confirm the structural analysis. • A detailed analysis of the optical properties was reported. • The optical bandgap energy tuned 1.93 to 2.05 eV, impled that samples are promising for visible-light photocatalysts. • The suppression of the cycloïde spin structure for Bi 0.9 Y 0.1 FeO 3 phase in all composites was revealed by the Mössbauer spectroscopy. Perovskite-garnet composites (1-x) Bi 0.9 Y 0.1 FeO 3 -x BiY 2 Fe 5 O 12 (BYFO-BYIG) (x = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.7) were prepared by ball milling method to enhance homogeneity and interfacial bonding. The presence of constituent BYFO and BYIG phases in composites was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Further investigations were performed using Raman analysis to study the strain induced bond modifications within the composites. These measurements reveals that both BYFO and BYIG bands are found to be strained in BYFO/BYIG composites, which could arises from the interfacial stress between the BYFO (a = b = 0.55669 nm; c = 1.38328 nm) and BYIG (a = 1.24698 nm) phases. A spin-two phonon coupling was observed in the 800–1600 cm−1 Raman spectra ranging for all composites. The Mössbauer spectra showed that spiral spin modulation of the magnetic moments in BYFO composition is suppressed in composite samples. UV–vis absorption spectra showed the splitting of the familiar 2.5 and 3.2 eV electronic bands into multiplets indicated the tilting of FeO 6 octahedra in BYFO phase. The band gap value was progressively decreased from 2.05 eV for x = 0.3 to 1.93 eV for x = 0.7 when increasing BYIG concentration, which is benefit for the study of photocatalytic properties in BYFO-BYIG composites. We have also performed magnetic hysteresis loops and noticed a significant increase in the magnetization with increasing BYIG concentration from 10.52 emu/g for x = 0.3 to 18.02 emu/g for x = 0.7. The calculated values of magnetization determined by Vegard's law method are 7.43, 10.23 and 16.42 emu/g for x = 0.3, 0.4 and 0.7 sample respectively, and are much lower than the experimental values. The observed enhancement of magnetization, attributed to the interfacial strain effect, makes the elaborated composites promising materials for advanced storage and spintronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geomagnetic excursion events have been widely studied in recent years as a key process for understanding the evolution of the Earth's magnetic field. The Santa Rosa geomagnetic excursion (SRE) event during the Matuyama chron has been globally recorded in sediment sequences and lava flows. Galapagos lavas distributed in near-equatorial with an 40Ar/39Ar age of 925.7 ± 4.6 ka display absolute paleointensity values of about 14% of the modern magnetic field, which is a valuable record of the Earth's magnetic field strength during the SRE event. However, the above extremely low estimates of paleointensities during the SRE were fitting from higher temperature segments (400 °C–575 °C) from previous paleointensity experiments, which is biased by the thermal instability of Galapagos lava samples during high-temperature heating treatments. From our comprehensive rock magnetic experiments in this study, Galapagos lava samples exhibit thermal instability after heating treatments higher than 400 °C. The severe thermal alteration occurred after the heating temperature reached 500 °C, mainly manifested as an increase in remanence-carrying capacities, such as the enhanced ability of paleointensity specimens to record partial thermoremanent magnetization, resulting in underestimated paleointensities during the SRE. In-depth experiments on rock magnetism and hysteresis parameters analysis provide a powerful method to detect the thermal instability of lava samples, which can help us confirm the biased geomagnetic field strength during this short-lived excursion period and prevent misinterpretations of the Earth's magnetic field evolution through erroneous low paleointensity records. [Display omitted] • Detailed rock magnetic analysis detects thermal instability of Galapagos lavas. • The thermal changes enhanced the remanence carrying capacities of samples. • We identified the sources of thermal changes and interpreted non-ideal Arai plots. • Thermal instability accounts for the underestimated paleointensities during SRE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on two new pyrazolone-based ligand containing N,O-donor binding sites, mononuclear complexes containing different coordination number have been synthesized and characterized by crystallographic analysis. Static magnetic studies reveal that tetracoordinated complex 1 exhibits considerable easy-axis magnetic anisotropy. Frequency-dependent susceptibility measurements revealed slow magnetic relaxation behavior with spin-reversal barriers of 79.2 K at an applied external field of 500 Oe. Hexacoordinated complex 2 show field-induced slow magnetic relaxation with Raman and direct relaxation processes. The observed magnetic behavior of 1 and 2 is confirmed by high-level ab initio calculations and simulation of χ MT (T) curves. [Display omitted] Two mononuclear Co(II) complexes with a tetrahedral and octahedral coordination geometry with a Schiff base ligand L− (anion of 4-[(2-fluoroanilino)-phenyl-methylene]-5-methyl-2-phenyl-pyrazol-3-one) having the formulas [CoL 2 ]·2MeCN (1) and [CoL 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]·2MeCN (2) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Notably, their coordination geometry and magnetic relaxation behaviors can be tuned by variation of reaction conditions. Static magnetic studies reveal that complex 1 exhibits considerable easy-axis magnetic anisotropy. Frequency-dependent susceptibility measurements revealed slow magnetic relaxation behavior with spin-reversal barriers of 79.2 K at an applied external field of 500 Oe. Clear magnetic hysteresis loops were observed for 1 at 2 K. Complex 2 show field-induced slow magnetic relaxation with Raman and direct relaxation processes. The observed magnetic behavior of 1 and 2 is confirmed by high-level ab initio calculations and simulation of χ M T (T) curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composites of barium hexaferrite (BaFe 12 O 19) and nickel zinc ferrite (Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4) have been prepared by the high-energy planetary ball mill method. The magnetic composites are characterized by employing X-ray Diffraction and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. The percentage of barium hexaferrite (BaFe 12 O 19) and nickel zinc ferrite (Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4) in the composite has been obtained from the Rietveld analysis of XRD patterns. The average crystallite sizes of BHF and NZFO are found to be comparable in the composites. The magnetic properties of (1-x) BHF-(x) NZFO with x = 0 to 1 have been studied by measuring the magnetic hysteresis loop (M-H loop) for all the samples. The M-H loops are analyzed by plotting the loop width (ΔH) versus magnetization (M). The magnetic hysteresis loops for the BHF and NZFO are found to be symmetric in all the quadrants. However, symmetry breaks in M-H loops for composites. The symmetry breaking in magnetic hysteresis loops of the bi-magnetic composite suggests a new approach to analyzing the magnetic interaction between magnetic phases in the magnetic composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni–Mn–In Heusler alloys have received considerable attention in the field of magnetic refrigeration owing to their eco-friendliness and large magnetocaloric (MC) response. In this paper, samples of Ni 45 Co 5 Mn 37 In 12 Si 1 thus heat-treated for 0 h and 15 h have prepared by means of arc-melting followed by quenching. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms L2 1 -type crystal structure and stabilization of austenite phase at room temperature. FE-SEM equipped with EDS reveals the surface morphology and elemental composition of 15 h heat-treated Ni 45 Co 5 Mn 37 In 12 Si 1 alloy with well-distinguished larger grains and a dendritic structure. Thermomagnetic measurements of 15 h heat-treated Ni 45 Co 5 Mn 37 In 12 Si 1 shows the magnetostructural transition T C M at the temperature of ∼262 K and Curie temperature of austenite, T C A was found to be above ∼396 K with increase in the annealing time. Metamagnetic behavior and magnetic hysteresis are seen in isothermal magnetization curves. Interestingly, a large change in magnetic entropy ΔS M ∼9.3 J kg−1 K−1 was obtained with refrigeration capacity (RC) of ∼416.6 J kg−1 under an applied field change of 5T with a broad temperature window of ∼86 K for Ni 45 Co 5 Mn 37 In 12 Si 1 alloy thus annealed for 15 h which makes it to be suitable for magnetic refrigeration applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strontium hexaferrite (SrFe 12 O 19) powders synthesized via conventional solid-state route are mechanically milled using air jet-mill and ball-mill techniques to produce anisotropic SrFe 12 O 19 powders. Jet-milled and dry ball-milled powders showed higher strain (0.13%) compared to wet ball-milled powders (0.05%). On annealing, jet-milled powder exhibited better recovery of strain compared to the ball-milled powders. Enhancement in coercivity after annealing is maximum in jet-milled samples (1.7 kOe to 5.2 kOe). Angle-dependent magnetic hysteresis measurements suggest a difference in the nature of strain induced in jet-mill and ball-mill methods. Maximum remanence (0.81) is observed in both jet-milled and dry ball-milled powders, however, jet-milled powders showed a better retention of remanence (0.74) after annealing than the ball-milled powders (0.64). A stark contrast in the microstructure of jet-milled and ball-milled powders is revealed from SEM images. Particle size distribution curves confirm a considerable re-agglomeration in the ball-milled samples. The role of milling-induced strain and microstructure in obtaining anisotropic SrFe 12 O 19 powders with optimum remanence and coercivity is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free multiferroic 3–0 type particulate composites with a composition (1− x)(Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 3) – x (Ni 0.7 Zn 0.3 Fe 2 O 4) [(1− x)BCZT – x NZFO with 0 ≤ x ≤ 100 at%] were prepared using solid state reaction method. Structural and microstructural analysis using XRD, FESEM and Raman techniques confirmed the phase formation of the ferroelectric (BCZT) and magnetostrictive (NZFO) phases without any detectable presence of impurity phases. Rietveld refinement of the XRD data revealed a tetragonal (P 4mm) and a cubic structure (F d 3 ‾ m) for the BCZT and NZFO phases, respectively. Elemental compositions of the constituent phases were assessed by EDS and XPS analyses. Electrical, magnetic, and magnetoelectric (ME) measurements were performed. The composites exhibit typical well-saturated magnetic hysteresis (M −H) loops at room temperature, having very low coercive field (H C) values, indicating their soft ferromagnetic behavior. Various parameters extracted from the M−H curves including H C , magneto-crystalline anisotropy, squareness, and magnetization were found to depend on x. Frequency dependence of capacitance and admittance exhibited a resonance behavior corresponding to the radial mode of the electromechanical resonance (EMR). ME coefficients were studied in both longitudinal (α E 33 ) and transverse (α E 31 ) modes. The highest coupling coefficients, α E 31 ∼14.5 mV/Oe.cm and α E 33 ∼13 mV/Oe.cm were obtained for composite with 50 at% NZF at off -resonance frequency of 1 kHz. At the EMR frequency of 314 kHz, the α E 31 value in 0.5BCZT-0.5NZFO composite enhanced enormously to ∼5.5 V/Oe.cm. The studies conclude that x = 0.5 is an optimum atomic fraction of NZFO in the particulate composite for maximum ME coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An impurity-free Pb(Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2)O 3 (PFN) ceramic was prepared using a conventional solid-state reaction method with precisely controlled sintering temperature. The PFN ceramic exhibits monoclinic symmetry and shows a dense morphology with equiaxed grains of about 1–2 μm. It exhibits a diffused phase transition at approximately 381 K. From the data of dielectric loss tangent and the imaginary parts of impedance and electrical modulus, a non-Debye type dielectric relaxation was investigated, and it was found that the short-range hopping of oxygen vacancies contributes to the dielectric relaxation and the relaxation time distribution is temperature independent. The PFN ceramic exhibits slim ferroelectric hysteresis loops and a linear magnetic hysteresis loop, indicating that the PFN ceramic is paramagnetic; the band gap is estimated to be 2.04 eV. Photoconductivity and photovoltaic responses with a nonzero open-circuit voltage and short-circuit photocurrent were detected. Moreover, magnetoconductivity was measured. This work implies that the PFN ceramic is a potential candidate for magnetoelectric and photovoltaic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the superconducting properties of additive manufactured in-situ NbTi alloy using laser powder bed fusion. Laser parameters were optimised for a maximum microstructural density and lowest Nb segregation fraction. These characters have been achieved at the sample built with an energy density of 3.33 J/mm2, where it shows a density value of 6.12 g/cm3, undissolved Nb fraction of 0.05 %, and randomly distributed equiaxed grains with an average size of 10–20 μm. Post-processing of the as-fabricated (AF) sample was explored as a route to collapse residual porosity and dissolve residual segregated Nb particles using hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and heat treatment, respectively. HIPing resulted in a decrease of the undissolved Nb particle fraction to 0.035 %. Heat treatment at 1250 °C for 24 h, followed by aging at 400 °C for 2 h, was found to result in the complete dissolution of Nb particles and precipitation of the ɑ-Ti phase that works as pinning centres to increase the superconducting properties. The grain size increased in both post-processes to 400–500 μm. Electrical and magnetic properties were also measured for the AF, HIP and heat-treated samples. The thermal variation of electrical resistivity showed a critical temperature (T c) range of 9.8–9.0 K, 9.6–9.1 K and 9.9–8.8 K for the AF, HIP, and heat-treated samples, respectively, which were close to the values obtained from magnetic measurements. The critical current density (J c) was calculated using Bean's model employing the magnetic hysteresis loops. The AF condition showed a negligible value of J c (5 × 10−3 kA/mm2), which improved to 0.28 kA/mm2 and 2.65 kA/mm2 for the HIPed, heat treated conditions, respectively (at 4.2 K, 5 T). Mechanical tensile testing was performed for the heat-treated sample to ensure both mechanical and superconducting properties would achieve the required performance, where achieves ultimate tensile strength value of 930 MPa, with 8 % elongation. [Display omitted] • In-situ alloying approach is applicable to generate Nb 53 Ti 47 alloy using laser powder bed fusion. • Isotropic microstructure is achieved in the additive manufactured condition. • Heat treatment is essential to dissolve the segregated Nb particles. • Precipitation heat treatment provides superconductivity by generating ɑ-Ti phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Four nona-coordinate mononuclear dysprosium zero-field single-molecule magnets derived from benzoxazole ligands is prepared. • Four complexes all behave as single-molecule magnets with effective energy barrier and butterfly shape magnetic hysteresis. • Ligand substituent group strategy of benzoxazoles can utilize to tune the magnetic anisotropy of nona-coordinate mononuclear dysprosium complexes. • Experimental structural data were correlated with computational results. • The order of ligand bulkiness (1 < 2 < 3 < 4) correlated with the strength of equatorial bonds, influencing the respective barrier heights (1 < 2 < 3 < 4). Taking advantage of modified substitution group strategy, the magneto-structural correlation of four nona-coordinate mononuclear dysprosium zero-field single-molecule magnets derived from benzoxazole ligands is established. Mixing of the corresponding benzoxazole ligands and dysprosium trifluoromethanesulfonate in the presence of methanol solvent yielded four nona-coordinate mononuclear dysprosium complexes 1 – 4 with the core molecular formula Dy(L x-R) 3 (R = F, 1 , x = 1; CN, 2 , x = 2; CF 3 , 3 , x = 3 and C(CH 3) 3 , 4 , x = 4). The coordination geometries of the dysprosium metal site with N 6 O 3 donor atoms in 1 – 4 are all belong to spherical capped square antiprism (C 4v) and the detailed corresponding parameters are 1.509, 1.173, 1.412 and 1.377, respectively. The static and dynamic magnetic susceptibilities measurements were performed on 1 – 4. They all display frequencies-dependent ac out-of-phase component signal peaks at different temperatures and zero external field, characteristic of single-molecule magnets behaviour. Variable-field magnetization measurements performed at 2 K confirm the magnetization blocking for 1 – 4 and reveal the presence of butterfly shape magnetic hysteresis. The experimental resulted effective energy barriers for magnetization reversal for 1 – 4 are 48.6, 102.2, 113.5, and 120.6 K, respectively. To understand the origin of variation observed, we have performed ab initio CASSCF/RASSI-SO/SINGLE_ANISO calculations on complexes 1 – 4. The calculations reveal axial g-tensors within the ground KD state, aligning with experimental results, and contributing to the observed trend in barrier heights. The computed crystal field parameters show an increasing trend from 1 to 4 , indicating strengthening axial bonds, while non-axial CF parameters decrease. Steric hindrance from bulky ligands correlates with weakened equatorial bond strength, further contributing to higher barrier heights. Additionally, the LoProp charge on axial atoms strengthens the bonds in the order 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 , reaffirming the importance of strengthen axial bond and weakening equatorial bonds towards better performant SIMs. Our work demonstrates that ligand substituent group strategy applied on benzoxazoles can utilize to tune the magnetic anisotropy of nona-coordinate mononuclear dysprosium complexes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Lead-free, ferroelectricity film BaTiO 3 (BTO) obtained on 7 % Nb-STO (001). • Multiferroics bilayers films prepared adding a ferrimagnetic layer Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 (YIG) on BTO. • Thermal and electrical modulation of the spin-charge conversion voltage demonstrated in BTO/YIG/Pt. The converse magnetoelectric effect in the ferroelectric/ferrimagnetic bilayers shows a great promise for realizing energy efficient, dense, and fast information storage and processing. In this study, we prepare the hybrid structures consisting of a ferroelectric layer BaTiO 3 (BTO) and a ferrimagnetic insulator layer Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 (YIG) via magnetron sputtering technique and post-annealing procedure. A visible ferroelectricity hysteresis loop for the BTO film and an apparent magnetic hysteresis loop for the YIG film are obtained. Moreover, by capping a platinum layer on the hybrid structures and performing longitudinal spin Seebeck measurements, a detectable spin-charge conversion voltage is observed, and even significant manipulation of this conversion in BTO/YIG/Pt trilayers is achieved by electrical means. These results show great potential for the development of tunable YIG-based devices and are instructive for future artificial multiferroic heterostructures devices applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physically correct simulations of magnetic devices require precise and energy-consistent hysteresis models. Electrical steel sheets of, e.g., power transformers or rotating machines represent one crucial element in such a simulation since the hysteresis is revealed uni- and multi-axial, and the steel sheets may have anisotropy. A dedicated vector hysteresis model based on dry friction-like pinning is revisited and derived in terms of thermodynamic state equations in a theoretical manner. The model is then linked to an incremental energy minimization procedure used in elasto-plasticity theory. A numerically efficient two-dimensional solution scheme of the hysteresis model is extended to the three-dimensional case. Rotational losses are also in the scope of this paper since the model cannot describe this loss type by nature. Therefore, numerical adaptations are discussed to account for vanishing rotational losses in saturation. • Derivation of the dry friction-like vector hysteresis model in terms of thermodynamic state equations. • Incremental energy minimization problem. • One-, two-, and three dimensional hysteresis model. • Rotational loss adaptations in the dry friction-like vector hysteresis model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Interlaminar faults cause additional losses in magnetic cores. • Fractional derivative operators are used to model these additional losses. • The magnetic core is represented as an equivalent thick lamination. • A pseudo-conductivity is introduced to account for these additional losses. Stacks of grain-oriented silicon steel (GO FeSi) laminations play a crucial role as magnetic cores of power transformers. These cores undergo degradation over time due to corrosion, thermal cycles, etc. Geometrical abnormalities and residual stress from manufacturing processes exacerbate these degradation processes. Edge burrs can form around cut edges and lead to InterLaminar Faults (ILFs). In a recent work, we described an innovative method for simulating dynamical GO FeSi lamination hysteresis cycles. This method can be applied without any change to a stack of electrically isolated laminations, like in a magnetic core. It is especially easy when the working conditions impose a homogeneous behavior (B-imposed conditions). The simulation technique combines the resolution of the magnetic diffusion equation and a fractional differential equation as material law, yielding excellent simulation results across a broad frequency range with only two parameters accounting for the dynamic contribution. This new article outlines the successful extension of this simulation method to consider ILFs and predict their impact on the performances. For this, lamination stacks were initially simulated under full short-circuit conditions. Then, we used linear combinations between responses from these stacks and flawless ones. The simulation successfully reproduced the experimental data obtained for one or three aligned ILFs on several conditions. Then it was used to predict the behavior of additional aligned ILFs and/or different numbers of laminations in the simulated stack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Both XRD and Rietveld analysis show single-phase NMCC bulk ferrites. • Surface Morphology study shows intergranular pore size decreased up to y = 0.3. • Optical absorption dominant at visible range as well as band gap enhanced with Mg content. • From the M−H curve experimental and Rietveld µ B show a similar trend distinguished by the canting angle. • T c and the magnetocaloric effect obtained from M−T curve. Bulk ceramics with optimized density are highly prioritized over ferrite nanoparticles to fabricate devices for their optimal magnetic saturation, lower coercivity, and anisotropy, enhanced resistance, etc. To achieve such bulk specimen using Ni 0.5-y Mg y Cu 0.2 Cd 0.3 Fe 2 O 4 disc samples are sintered at 1423 K keeping the heating and cooling rate at 10 K and 5 K respectively. In due course, structural as well as theoretical Rietveld analysis, optical, and magnetic properties have been analyzed using these bulk samples. XRD has explored structural properties and after that these values have analyzed with the Rietveld refinement procedure and obtained goodness of χ2 (1–2) value and other parameters such as lattice parameters, crystal structures, cation distribution, and maximum entropy mapping. Surface morphology and grain size have examined from the as-grown surface without further polishing and annealing by electron microscopy and revealed a decreasing trend of grain size 6.1 µm to 4.2 µm. UV–Vis spectroscopy characterization ensured optical properties for bulk as well as nanopowders and the band gap has been found in the range of 1.4 to 1.6 eV and is increasing with Mg content. Magnetic hysteresis loop exhibits a less decreasing nature up to y = 0.3 of magnetic saturation along with the Law of Approach to saturation which compiles magnetic anisotropy. The temperature-dependent magnetization curves exhibit a sharp decreasing value (i.e. dM/dT maximum) at Curie point, decreasing from 630 K to 505 K with increasing Mg content. At. 3 T magnetic field the changes in relative cooling power value have been found in the range 53.82 J k g - 1 to 37.79 J k g - 1 which could be considered as potential for magnetocaloric refrigeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]