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Although inorganic salts are considered outstanding thermal storage materials, drawbacks such as low thermal conductivity, corrosion issues, and leakage severely hinder their practical industrial application. Porous ceramics are suitable to serve as the supporting skeleton for inorganic salt due to good corrosion resistance, high thermal conductivity and high porosity. In this study, secondary aluminum dross (SAD) and ferronickel slag (FNS) were used as raw materials to prepare cordierite-mullite porous ceramic (CMC). The NaNO 3 /CMC composites were synthesized using spontaneous melting-infiltrating method, and their thermal storage performance were studied in detail. The results indicated that CMC had a favorable pore structure with high porosity and micro-sized pores, as well as high compressive strength exceeding 30 MPa. Excellent chemical compatibility between CMC and NaNO 3 was demonstrated by XRD analysis. The latent heat of the NaNO 3 /CMC5, NaNO 3 /CMC15 and NaNO 3 /CMC30 composites, as determined by DSC, were 76.4 J/g, 76.7 J/g and 73.6 J/g, respectively, accounting for 43.5%,43.6% and 41.9% of pure NaNO 3. The supercooling of NaNO 3 was significantly decreased after infiltration into CMC supporting skeleton. A 100-cycle thermal cycles experiment was conducted to verify the long-term thermal reliability of the NaNO 3 /CMC composites, including latent heat and heat transfer property. The melting latent heat of the NaNO 3 /CMC5, NaNO 3 /CMC15 and NaNO 3 /CMC30 decreased by nearly 5.6%, 3.7% and 2.9%, respectively, after 100 thermal cycling tests, indicating the NaNO 3 /CMC composites had good thermal reliability. The thermal conductivity of all the NaNO 3 /CMC composites exceeded 1.8 W m−1 K−1 at 350 °C. Additionally, the compressive strength of all the composites showed only minimal decrease after thermal cycling test, remaining higher than 100 MPa. The NaNO 3 /CMC composites offer promising prospects in the medium temperature thermal storage utilization field, such as industrial waste heat recovery, owing to low production cost, high thermal conductivity and high mechanical strength. • Excellent chemical compatibility between CMC and NaNO 3 was verified. • The latent heat of NaNO 3 /CMC composite was more than 40% of that of pure NaNO 3. • Good thermal reliability of NaNO 3 /CMC composite was demonstrated. • The thermal conductivity of NaNO 3 /CMC composite exceeds 1.8 W/(m·K) even after 100 thermal cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind energy is an important renewable clean energy resource. However, the stochastic and volatile nature of wind power brings significant challenges to the power system's reliable and secure operation. Accurate and reliable wind power prediction is critical for the integration of wind power into the grid. The existing wind power forecasting (WPF) methods lack an assessment of the reliability of the predicted results, which may result in a financial penalty for the wind energy producers. An accurate prediction with reliability measurement is urgently needed to encounter the intricate nature of the problem. In this paper, a Bayesian framework-based bidirectional gated logic unit (BiGRU) method was proposed for ultra-short-term wind power forecasting. First, an encoder-decoder (ED) architecture was combined with a BiGRU time series modeling and feature–temporal attention (FT-Attention) to improve the accuracy of wind power prediction. Then, two uncertainty losses were applied to improve the model's performance further. The proposed method obtains the uncertainty of forecast results, which effectively eliminates the untrusted results. Our proposed method demonstrated promising results for ultra-short-term wind power forecasting due to its competitive performance compared with traditional forecasting methods. • A novel ultra-short-term WPF method is proposed with a deep Bayesian model. • Quantifying the uncertainty of WPF is a unique ability of our proposed framework. • Aleatoric uncertainty loss and epistemic uncertainty loss are introduced. • Temporal attention and feature attention are designed to enhance the accuracy of WPF. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photovoltaic storage system (PVSS) has been spawned with the combined application of photovoltaic (PV), energy storage (ES) and energy blockchain (EB), which has also made important contributions to the energy structure adjustment, energy transaction security and ecological environment protection. The establishment of a reasonable task matching mechanism can further improve the operation efficiency and quality of the system under the EB environment, and this paper consequently constructs a task matching model of PVSS based on GA-CLOUD-GS algorithm. Firstly, the decision-making committee is set up and the index system is determined for the to-be-matched task. Secondly, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) comprehensive weighting method is introduced to integrate the subjective and objective weights to achieve the weight optimization. Thirdly, the cloud model is used to obtain the preference order and priority order of the to-be-matched subjects. Fourthly, the Gale-Shapley (GS) algorithm is used to obtain the task matching results. Finally, the operability, the stability and the effectiveness of the model are separately verified through numerical simulation, sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis. Corresponding suggestions for the task matching of PVSS in the EB environment are also put forward according to the research content. • The necessity, superiority, and application scenarios of collaborative development between PVSS and EB are clarified, and the importance of research on task matching mechanism is identified. • A task matching mechanism model based on the GA-CLOUD-GS algorithm is established, the feasibility, stability, and effectiveness of the established model were verified. • Relevant suggestions are provided for the development of PVSS in the EB environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is the foundation and driving force of modernization. Renewable energy has been developed with the help of global environmental awareness. In recent years, supported by the relevant national industrial policies, China's photovoltaic market has developed rapidly and its production capacity is huge. However, the core of supporting the sustainable development of an industry lies in the continuous appreciation of the value of itself. In order to correctly understand the status quo and problems of PV industry value chain in China, based on the "Smile Curve" theory, taking the gross profit rate of PV industry listed companies as sample variables from 2015 to 2017, the research finds that its value chain shows a gradually deepening smile. And to explore the extent to which gross profit margin is affected by various factors, 15 variables are selected from six aspects: internal innovation power, growth potential, profitability, operational efficiency, scale strength and external environment, the Stepwise Regression method is used to determine the optimal model first. Further use Principal Component Analysis to confirm the motivations affecting the value-added of listed companies in the PV industry in the upper, middle and down reaches. The results indicate that only 6 variables have significant effects on the gross profit margin of the PV industry value chain, and there are big diversities in the main influencing factors of the value-added capacity of PV companies in different links, so they should seek their own value-added breakthroughs. • China's PV industry value chain conforms to the "smile curve" form. • The profitability can significantly influence the value of the entire industry. • Innovation is the key factor to the upper and downstream PV companies' value added. • The key factor to midstream PV companies' value added is operational efficiency. • Company's scale and external environment have synergistic effects on the value added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary aluminum dross (SAD) is a kind of hazardous waste with high aluminum content produced in the aluminum industry. From another point, SAD is also considered as a valuable aluminum resource, which can be used as high-quality raw material for value-added products such as refractory materials. In this study, a novel route for preparing corundum-spinel heat storage spheres (HSS) using washed residue of secondary aluminum dross (WSAD) as the main raw material was proposed. FactSage 8.1 software was used for the detailed thermodynamic calculation, which provided accurate theoretical guidance for the actual synthesis experiments. The effects of roasting temperature and formula on the main phases, compressive strength, porosity, and bulk density of HSS were systematically analyzed. The strengthening mechanism of the liquid phase on the sintering strength was revealed. The results showed that the HSS with good properties could be obtained with 90 wt% WSAD, 10 wt% kaolin, and 1 wt% bentonite. The HSS mainly consisted of corundum and spinel phases. The synthetic temperature of corundum-spinel ceramic was reduced by more than 200 °C. This study provides a novel way for value-added utilization of SAD as well as realizing the deep detoxification and the removal of nitrogen of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary aluminum dross (SAD) is a kind of hazardous waste with high aluminum content produced in the aluminum industry. From another point, SAD is also considered as a valuable aluminum resource, which can be used as high-quality raw material for value-added products such as refractory materials. In this study, a novel route for preparing corundum-spinel heat storage spheres (HSS) using washed residue of secondary aluminum dross (WSAD) as the main raw material was proposed. FactSage 8.1 software was used for the detailed thermodynamic calculation, which provided accurate theoretical guidance for the actual synthesis experiments. The effects of roasting temperature and formula on the main phases, compressive strength, porosity, and bulk density of HSS were systematically analyzed. The strengthening mechanism of the liquid phase on the sintering strength was revealed. The results showed that the HSS with good properties could be obtained with 90 wt% WSAD, 10 wt% kaolin, and 1 wt% bentonite. The HSS mainly consisted of corundum and spinel phases. The synthetic temperature of corundum-spinel ceramic was reduced by more than 200 °C. This study provides a novel way for value-added utilization of SAD as well as realizing the deep detoxification and the removal of nitrogen of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In recent years, the wind curtailment has become a serious problem in China and the government are actively seeking solutions to deal with this energy loss. Therefore, the use of non-grid-connected wind power has received great attention since it can be supplied to local end users equipped with energy storage and then mitigate wind curtailment. Since the non-grid-connected wind power and local power load have to confront dramatic power fluctuations, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) including batteries and supercapacitors is applied. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model of HESS configuration in non-grid-connected wind power/energy storage/local user system. In this model, two decision variables, numbers of batteries and supercapacitors, are determined based on the objective of annual profit maximization and wind curtailment rate minimization. To solve this model, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is employed to obtain Pareto front and VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) technique is applied to select the optimal solution from Pareto solutions. Finally, a wind farm in Hebei province is studied and discussed. A scenario analysis, a sensitivity analysis and a comparative analysis are performed to show the advantages of the proposed model. Highlights • The local consumption of non-grid-connected wind is a solution to wind curtailment. • Hybrid energy storage increases the profit and reduces the wind curtailment rate. • NSGA-II-VIKOR is effective to determine the optimal energy storage capacity. • Energy storage cost and objective weight both influence the optimization result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of 4 typical pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in sewage sludge, i.e. diclofenac (DCF), clofibric acid (CFA), carbamazepine (CBM), and triclosan (TCS), was evaluated during 3 integrated processes of anaerobic digestions (ADs). The integrated processes included ADs integrated with mixed enzymolyses (MEADs), ADs integrated with mixed enzymolyses together with ultrasonic irradiation pre-treatment (MEUADs), and ADs integrated with mixed enzymolyses together with mechanical rotary disc post-treatment (MEADRDs). The SRTs were set at 15 d. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) following solid-phase extraction was used to analyze and detect the target compounds. Under the mesophilic condition, the highest removal during MEAD and MEUAD was 67.6% and 77.1% of CFA, and 78.1% of CBZ during MEADRD. There was little differences between the removals of 4 PhACs during MEADRD, and all the removal rates were higher than 70%. Especially the removal of DCF increased from 40.6% during MEAD to 71.7% during MEADRD. The overall removal during MEADRD was highest with the increase by about 20.9% from that during MEAD. The highest removal during MEAD, MEUAD and MEADRD was 81.1%, 70.7% and 71.8%, respectively, of CFA under the thermophilic condition. MEADRD could realize the highest overall removal, up to 69.4% with the increase by 11.0% compared with MEUAD. The results showed that the integrated process, MEADRD, under both mesophilic and thermophilic condition was suitable for the effective removal of PhACs, and MEADRD under the mesophilic condition was a preferable choice from the energy-saving perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a typical solid waste generated in the steel production. Most of previous investigations have reported that the BFS has been used as traditional construction materials (cement, roadbed filling, concrete). In this study, a novel use route for BFS was proposed to prepare high-temperature composite phase change materials (C-PCMs) for thermal energy storage. Three typical inorganic PCMs (NaNO 3 , Al and Na 2 SO 4 with different operating temperature) were blended with the pre-ground BFS to fabricate BFS-based C-PCMs by means of a mixing and sintering process. The results showed that NaNO 3 had excellent chemical compatibility with BFS and the prepared C-PCMs had perfect phase change performance. The enthalpies of NaNO 3 /BFS C-PCMs was 65.53 J/g with melting point 300.5 °C and the super-cooling was only 0.1 °C. Furthermore, the NaNO 3 /BFS C-PCMs could retain good thermal reliability after 100 thermal cycles, which presented a potential application in the thermal energy storage system. In addition, the morphological structure, thermal reliability and heat transfer property of the NaNO 3 /BFS C-PCMs were characterised by using SEM, TGA and TG-DSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence and uniqueness theorem of solutions provides an effective tool for the model validation of both deterministic and stochastic equations. The objective of this paper is to establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a class of Itô-Doob stochastic fractional differential equations under non-Lipschitz condition which is weaker than Lipschitz one and contains it as a special case. The solution is constructed with the aid of Carathéodory approximation. Moreover, the continuous dependence of solutions on the initial value is investigated in view of the stability of solutions in the sense of mean square. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, molten NaNO 3 shape-stabilized phase change materials (SS-PCMs) based on anorthite ceramic and cordierite ceramic were prepared by cold-press sintering method. Chemical compatibility and wettability were considered simultaneously to determine whether the ceramics were qualified as supporting skeleton and the enhancement of the thermal properties of NaNO 3 by the ceramics was also investigated. It was found that both anorthite ceramic and cordierite ceramic have good chemical compatibility with NaNO 3 and no chemical reaction occurred between them. Physical compatibility was evaluated by measuring the contact angle of molten NaNO 3 on a ceramic substrate. Cordierite ceramic exhibited better wettability than anorthite ceramic, although both of the contact angles decreased gradually with increasing temperature. The supercooling of the prepared anorthite ceramic-based SS-PCMs with 45 wt% NaNO 3 (45ASS-PCMs) was only 0.7 °C, which was less than 2.5 °C for pure NaNO 3 and 2.0 °C for cordierite ceramic-based SS-PCMs with 45 wt% NaNO 3 (45CSS-PCMs). The phase transition enthalpy loss of 45ASS-PCMs after 100 thermal cycles was less than 2%, while 45CSS-PCMs reached more than 5%. Anorthite ceramic showed better capabilities than cordierite ceramic in terms of thermal reliability and stability, while cordierite ceramic was better than anorthite ceramic in enhancing thermal conductivity. The evaluation method proposed in this study provided favorable guidance for the matching of PCMs and ceramic supporting skeleton. • Evaluating supporting skeleton for PCMs based on chemical and physical compatibility was proposed. • Wettability of NaNO 3 on cordierite ceramic was better than that of anorthite ceramic. • Cordierite ceramic has better shape-stabilized performance but poorer thermal cycle stability than anorthite ceramic. • Thermal conductivity of 45ASS-PCMs and 45CSS-PCMs was enhanced by 2 and 3 times compared with NaNO 3 , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicle sharing (EVS) has been recognized as a promising solution to growing issues of traffic congestion, air pollution and insufficient parking spaces. This study assesses service performance of EVS programs in order to help operators improve service quality and attract more customers. First, this paper identifies 22 criteria from the perspectives of electric vehicles, charging stations, payment and Internet services and establishes the evaluation index system. Then a VIsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) based approach is proposed with three main steps including processing the criteria values represented by crisp values, interval numbers and linguistic variables, determining integrated criteria weights and assessing alternatives by VIKOR method. Next, a case study is provided to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Three candidate EVS programs in Beijing are evaluated and ranked according to their scores. A sensitivity analysis and a comparative analysis of different methods are also performed to show that the proposed method is capable to assess service performance of EVS programs. Finally, suggestions are made for program operators according to assessment result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Installing a photovoltaic (PV) power plant at a proper location has been a critical problem for the system planners and investors. In this study, grey cumulative prospect theory is employed to study the site selection of PV power plants from the perspective of sustainability. First, considering the sustainable development, eight decision-making criteria are identified and divided into three categories: geographical conditions, economic profits and environmental benefits. The decision-making steps of grey cumulative prospect theory are then proposed to select the optimal alternative and in this method, an optimization model is used to obtain the importance of criteria. The proposed method has also been implemented in a case of four cities in Northwest China in which the optimal alternative, Yulin city, is selected with the highest prospect value. Finally, a comparison analysis of multi-criteria decision-making methods and a sensitivity analysis of all criteria are performed and the results show that the proposed method can be used effectively for the site selection of PV power plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Photovoltaic + energy storage" is considered as one of the effective means to improve the efficiency of clean energy utilization. In the era of energy sharing, the "photovoltaic - energy storage - utilization (PVESU)" model can create a more favorable market environment. However, the various uncertainties in the construction of the PVESU project have become the main obstacles to the development of the PVESU model. This paper aims to evaluate the risk level of China's PVESU projects through an improved Cloud-TODIM (Cloud-an acronym in Portuguese for Interative Multi-criteria Decision Making) method. First of all, 18 critical risk factors are identified using the constructed five-dimensional risk analysis model. Secondly, the improved method is used to calculate the weight of the comprehensive criteria and rank 14 PVESU alternatives. Finally, the accuracy and feasibility of the hybrid method are verified by sensitivity analysis tests concluding the loss decay coefficient adjustment and comparison analysis with the Cloud-TOPSIS(Cloud-Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method. Meanwhile, in terms of energy storage, some suggestions are made for the future development of China's PVESU project. This study can also provide insightful enlightenment for PVESU project investors, risk management professionals and decision makers. • The highlights stated are as follows: • Construct an evaluation system of Photovoltaic - Energy storage - Utilization (PVESU) project risk assessment. • Contribute to adding five-dimensional risk analysis method to select critical risk factors. • Propose an improved Cloud-TODIM method to analyze the risk level of PVESU projects. • Extend the research on integrated projects on the field of clean energy and energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realization of carbon neutral goal is inseparable from the development of new energy industry, and scientific and effective policy support can accelerate the progress of the goal. In this paper, the policy driven ability of China's photovoltaic industry in the background of carbon neutral is evaluated. Firstly, the evaluation system is established by the improved diamond model. Then, the policy evaluation standard is formulated according to the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy sets (IT2FS). Finally, the weight of each index is determined by using the fuzzy OWA operator weighting method (F-OWA). Then, the policy driving ability of China's photovoltaic industry is evaluated by fuzzy matter-element extension method (F-MEEM), and the effectiveness of the evaluation results is further verified by weight sensitivity analysis. According to the evaluation results, policy support plays an important role in the development of photovoltaic industry. This paper also gives policy suggestions for the development of China's photovoltaic industry under the background of carbon neutral from the macro, meso and micro perspectives. • China's PV industry evaluation system is established by the improved diamond model. •IT2FS and F-OWA are used to process indicators. •The policy driving ability of China's PV industry is evaluated by F-MEEM. •The effectiveness of the evaluation results is further verified by weight sensitivity analysis. •The results are analyzed in detail, and corresponding suggestions are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A water-soluble polysaccharide, designated as EFP-AW1, was isolated from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana and purified to homogeneity by gel-filtration chromatography. Its carbohydrate content was up to 92.34%, which was composed of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man) and rhamnose (Rha) in a molar ratio of 14.1:1.9:2.0:1.9. The molecular weight was evaluated to be 10,830Da as determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). On the basis of sugar analysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) studies (1H and 13C), the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as: Display Omitted [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A water-soluble protein-bound polysaccharide (EFP-W1) was fractioned from roots of Euphorbia fischeriana and purified by gel-filtration chromatography. Its primary structural features were characterized by partial acid hydrolysis, Smith degradation-periodate oxidation, methylation analysis, high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The data obtained indicated that EFP-W1 contains about 91% of carbohydrate content, which was mainly composed of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose (Man), arabinose (Ara) in a molar ratio of 6:1:1:1. Its average molecular weight was about 11,230Da. The structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was elucidated as follows: Display Omitted [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: One water-soluble glucan (PCP-W1) was purified from the crude polysaccharide of Pleurotus citrinopileatus by chromatography on DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-200 column, and PCP-W1 (Mw =45kDa), was predominantly composed of Glc. Partial acid hydrolysis, Smith degradation–periodate oxidation, methylation analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) experiments were conducted to elucidate its structure. The results indicated that PCP-W1 had a glucan backbone consisting of (1→6)-linked-β-d-glucopyranosyl residues, which were branched at O-3 position of the backbone with (1→3)-linked-β-d-glucopyranosyl and non-reducing end 1-β-d-glucopyranosyl residues. The repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as: Display Omitted [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: One water-soluble polysaccharide (ABP-W1) was purified from the fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sepharose 6 Fast Flow column chromatography. Its molecular weight was about 3.9×102 kDa as determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The structural feature of ABP-W1 was investigated by a combination of chemical and instrumental analysis, including partial hydrolysis with acid, periodate oxidation–Smith degradation, acetylation, methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR 1H, 13C). The results revealed that ABP-W1 had a backbone consisting of (1→6)-linked-α-d-galactopyranosyl and (1→2,6)-linked-α-d-glucopyranosyl, which was branched with one single terminal (1→)-α-d-glucopyranosyl at the O-2 position of (1→2,6)-linked-α-d-glucopyranosyl along the main chain in the ratio of 1:1:1. The observation of the complex-formation between ABP-W1 and Congo Red indicated that ABP-W1 probably existed in a triple-strand helical conformation in water. Based on the data obtained, ABP-W1 was composed of a repeating unit with a structure as below: Display Omitted [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum extraction conditions for polysaccharides (EFP) from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana. A Box–Behnken design (BBD) with four independent variables was investigated, such as extraction temperature (°C), water/solid ratio, extraction number (n), and extraction time (h). The results indicated optimum extraction conditions were extraction temperature of 97°C, water/solid ratio of 9:1, extraction number of 2 and extraction time of 2.4h, respectively. Under these conditions, the experimental value was 24.6±0.62, which was well in close agreement with value predicted by the model. The preliminary chemical analysis of EFP revealed the EFP contained 25.43% polysaccharides, 20.42% uronic acids, 2.54% sulfate radical and 23.41% proteins. And the neutral polysaccharides were mainly composed of glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, xylose, mannose in the ratio of 21:8:5:3:1:1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An alkali-extractable and water-soluble polysaccharide (ABP-AW1) was isolated by 5% sodium hydroxide solution from the fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei. ABP-AW1 (M w =50kDa), was composed of Gal, Glc, Fuc, Ara and Man with the molar ratio of 29: 20: 6: 2: 2. According to the combination of chemical and instrumental analysis, the results indicated that ABP-AW1 had a backbone consisting of (1→6)-linked-β-d-galactopyranosyl, (1→6)-linked-β-d-glucopyranosyl and (1→3, 6)-linked-β-d-glucopyranosyl, which was terminated with (1→)–linked Fuc, Ara and Man residues at the O-3 position of (1→3, 6)-linked-β-d-glucopyranosyl in the proportion of 29: 10: 10: 6: 2:2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula. A central composite design (CCD) was used for experimental design and analysis of the results to obtain the optimal processing parameters. Four independent variables such as extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, extraction time (h), and number of extraction (n) were investigated. The experimental data obtained were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. The 3-D response surface and the contour plots derived from the mathematical models were applied to determine the optimal conditions. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 94°C, ratio of water to raw material 9, extraction time 2.5h, and number of extraction 5. Under these conditions, the experimental percentage value was 15.2±0.28, which is well in close agreement with value predicted by the model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this study, the saponins (PCS) from the roots of Pulsatilla chinensis were evaluated for its haemolytic activity, acute toxicity and tested for potential adjuvant activity in mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) compared with that of Quil A saponin. The haemolytic activity of PCS was determined using 0.5% rabbit red blood cell with values of 15.41 and 7.42% at concentrations of 500 and 250µg/mL, respectively. The saponins were tested for their toxicity by lethality in mice and were found to be less toxic at the same dose than their counterpart Quil A. ICR mice were immunized subcutaneously with OVA 100µg in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) alone or with OVA 100µg in the presence of Quil A (10µg) or PCS (50, 100 or 200µg) twice at a 2-week interval. Four weeks later, the ConA-, LPS-, and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation, OVA-specific antibodies levels (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) in serum, IL-2, and TNF-α were significantly enhanced by PCS at a high dose compared to that induced by Quil A. The P values of various testing activities in saponin-treated groups were obviously differential to that in the OVA-immunized mice (p <0.05 or p <0.01). This finding suggested that PCS might have an effect on Th1 and Th2 helper T cells. In conclusion, the results indicated that PCS showed slight side effects and at an appropriate dose could be used as a vaccine adjuvant to increase immune responses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this research, one low molecular weight polysaccharide (LMW-ABP) was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Agaricus blazei Murill. We reported that the effect of LMW-ABP on inhibiting the interaction between E-selectin and sialyl Lewis X (sLex) by flow cytometry and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology. Different concentrations of LMW-ABP (5, 10, and 20mg/L) could effectively dose-dependently inhibit adhesion of HT-29 cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in static conditions, as well as down-regulating the expression of both α-1,3-fucosyltransferase-VII (FucT-VII) and sLex in transcription or translation level, respectively. These results suggest that LMW-ABP could suppress the metastasizing capacity of cancer cells through interfering with the interaction between E-selectin and sLex. Thus based on these findings, LMW-ABP is expected to be having enormous potential for use in treatment for neoplasm metastasis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Response surface methodoloty (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides (ABP) from the fruiting body of Agaricus blazei. A central composite design (CCD) was used for experimental design and analysis of the results to obtain the optimal processing parameters. Four independent variables such as extraction temperature (°C), ratio of water to raw material, number of extraction, and extraction time (h) were investigated. The experimental data obtained were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and also analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. The 3-D response surface plot and the contour plot derived from the mathematical models were applied to determine the optimal conditions. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 91°C, ratio of water to raw material 14, number of extraction 6, and extraction time 2.1h. Under these conditions, the experimental value was 65.8±1.42, which is well in close agreement with value predicted by the model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The water-soluble polysaccharide (POP), with a molecular mass of 2.4×104 Da, was obtained from the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus. Structure features of the purified polysaccharide were investigated by a combination of chemical and instrumental analysis, such as methylation analysis, Smith degradation, GC-MS, 13C and 1H NMR and FTIR. The results indicated that the backbone of POP was composed of (1→6)-linked-α-d-galactopyranosyl and (1→2,6)-linked-α-d-galactopyranosyl residues, which were terminated with a single terminal (1→)-β-d-glucose residue at the O-2 position of galactosyl along the main chain in the ratio of 1:1:1. Preliminary tests in vitro showed POP is capable of enhancing concanavalin A (ConA)- or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lymphocyte proliferation, which suggested that POP could be a potential immunostimulating agent for use in functional foods or medicine against both pathogens and cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In our previous work, a new water-soluble polysaccharide (PAP) from the mycelium of Polyporus albicans was identified for the first time. Preliminary tests in vitro showed PAP have potent stimulating effects on murine lymphocyte proliferation induced by mitogen. So in this study, the immunomodulatory effect and the adjuvant potential of PAP on the cellular and humoral immune response of ICR mice against ovalbumin were investigated. In vivo toxicity assays of PAP showed not to be lethal for mice in doses ranging from 0.5 to 4mg. ICR mice were immunized subcutaneously with OVA 0.1mg alone or with OVA 0.1mg dissolved in saline containing alum (0.2mg) or PAP (0.5, 1 and 2mg) on days 1 and 15. Two weeks later (day 28), concanavalin A (Con A)-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and OVA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and OVA-specific serum antibodies were measured. PAP (0.5, 1 and 2mg) other than alum significantly enhanced the Con A-, LPS- or OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation in the OVA-immunized mice (P <0.05 or <0.01). The OVA-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b antibody levels in serum were also significantly enhanced by PAP (0.5, 1 and 2mg) compared with OVA control group (P <0.05 or <0.01). Moreover, alum (0.2mg) only induces IgG and IgG1 antibody responses to OVA in mice. In conclusion, the results suggest that PAP could be a safe efficacious adjuvant capable of boosting cellular and humoral immunity without unacceptable toxicity. Thus adjuvants based on PAP have enormous potential for use in vaccines against both pathogens and cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we prove a sharpening of large deviation for increments of Brownian motion in -capacity and Hölder norm case. As an application, we obtain a functional modulus of continuity for -capacity in the stronger topology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Two novel concepts of UPIoTs and non-grid-connected wind power are explored in China. • ISM is improved with G1 method to overcome the shortcomings of traditional method. • 26 influence factors about how UPIoTs has impacts on wind power are identified. • The relationship between identified factors is researched by proposed model. • Suggestions about how to promote the consumption of wind power are proposed. In the last decade, the scale and speed of development for wind power in China presented an explosive growth and has been maintaining a leading position worldwide. However, rapid development, with addition of the nature of clean energy itself, is followed by the problem of energy consumption such as wind curtailment. To improve the energy efficiency, a new pattern of wind power generation, namely the non-grid-connected wind power, is gradually accessible to the public. At the same time, proposes a novel concept of ubiquitous power Internet of things (UPIoTs) to improve the energy-using environment and quality. In the context of above proposal, to research how UPIoTs promotes the consumption of wind power especially has become a crucial task. The purpose of this paper is to identify influence factors through literature review and expert interview on the basis of relationship between the referenced two. During the process of exploring effects among factors, the improved interpretative structural modeling (ISM) coupled with fuzzy order relation analysis method (fuzzy G1 method) is constructed and adopted to make up for the shortcomings of traditional method. According to the results, three factors are considered as the most influential and some suggestions are given from these three aspects, aiming at making a contribution to the solutions in theory and in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasingly severe situation of environment and gradually depleted energy, wind power has been put on the schedule and comes to an efficient way of power supply and sustainable development. However, wind power generation depends on weather to a great extent, throwing great threats to demand side and supply side. To ensure the normal operation of power system, load forecasting especially for the short term has become a necessary phase. Considering from external environment, this paper aims to identify the influence factors of wind power load and conduct short-term load forecasting with random forest coupling interpretative structural modeling, so as to realize a more accurate and reliable prediction. The data containing information about climate and power load is gathered and put into the calculation of case study. Results show that proposed model performs well, which can be verified and validated through scenario analysis, sensitivity analysis, and comparison analysis. Furthermore, according to the results of factors identification and load forecasting, some suggestions are put forward to deal with the environmental impact on wind power. Image 1 • A novel prediction model combining interpretative structural modeling with random forest is constructed for load forecasting. • Interpretative structural modeling gets improvements by transformation from qualitative to quantitative. • The environmental influence factors of wind power are identified and the hierarchy structures between them are divided. • The proposed model is verified by scenario analysis, sensitivity analysis, and comparison analysis. • Suggestions about how to deal with the impact of external environment on wind power are proposed based on the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The paraffin adsorption capacity of MBFS almost doubled compared with the BFS. • The modified mechanism of Ca(OH) 2 on BFS was investigated. • Prepared C-PCMs is chemically and thermally stable and without paraffin leakage. • Paraffin/MBFS C-PCMs have good thermal reliability even after 100 thermal cycles. As widely used in building materials, blast furnace slag (BFS) has the potential to prepare composite phase change materials (C-PCMs), which can be applied in thermal energy storage field. However, the defects of insufficient porosity and small pore volume of the BFS have severely limited the PCMs adsorption capacity. In this study, the BFS was modified by Ca(OH) 2 to improve the PCMs adsorption capacity. The results showed that the porous structure of BFS was significantly improved after modification. And the apertures of BFS were distinctly enlarged and vast irregular slit-shaped pores emerged, which significantly increased the paraffin adsorption capacity. The MBFS could hold about 26.4% paraffin when 10% Ca(OH) 2 was added as modifier, which was almost double compared with the BFS. The melting temperature and latent heat of paraffin/MBFS C-PCMs were determined as 51.9 °C and 36.4 J/g. And the prepared C-PCMs could maintain good thermal reliability even after 100 thermal cycles, which presented a potential application in the thermal energy storage fields like building energy conservation and solar energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Construct an evaluation system of energy storing node optimization selection. • Contribute to adding four subnetworks using BOCR with this study's concern. • Extend the research on energy storage enterprises selection. • Extend the research on overall influential factor evaluation and ranking analysis. Energy storage has developed into a key solution to the problem of energy abandonment, which has been paid close attention. In the era of energy sharing, there is a general trend of cooperation between energy storage companies and power suppliers. This paper evaluates energy storage node enterprises to make their alliance more valuable with power generation node enterprises. First, this paper expounds the importance of sustainable energy storing node optimization selection and identifies 23 criteria from the perspective of benefits, opportunities, costs and risks to establish the evaluation index system. Then a hybrid ANP-BOCR -TOPSIS method is proposed to evaluate the index system including determining the integrated criteria weights and ranking four alternatives by TOPSIS method. Next, a case study is used to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the hybrid method. Through the validation with DEMATEL and comparative analysis of three integrated methods, it is concluded that the hybrid ANP-BOCR-TOPSIS method can be applied to the evaluation of clean energy further research. Finally, the suggestions and conclusions are given in the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous attention on clean energy and energy abandonment, clean energy power generation – energy storage-energy using virtual enterprise (PGSU VE) centered on energy storage has been highly valued. The alliance can not only effectively integrate enterprise resources, but also efficiently adapt to the change of market environment. However, the various uncertainties in the alliance become a major obstacle to PGSU development. To ensure the healthy development of the alliance, risk evaluation has become a crucial step. This paper aims to identify risk factors through questionnaire survey and literature review and calculate the overall risk levels of PGSU VEs with an integrated approach with fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (fuzzy AHP). Results of factors identification consisted of market, social politics and environmental, capacity, cooperation and coordination, alliance formation and risk commitment and profit distribution risk categories. Overall risk levels of three VEs were calculated and ranked with proposed approach whose feasibility and consistency were verified through a comparative analysis with Best Worst Method (BWM) and Stochastic multi-criteria acceptability analysis (SMAA). Moreover, considering existing risks, some suggestions were put forward for future development of clean PGSU VE. The implications and limitations were presented in the conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the weak error in averaging principle for a stochastic wave equation on a bounded interval [ 0 , L ] , perturbed by an oscillating term arising as the solution of a stochastic reaction–diffusion equation evolving on the fast time scale. Under suitable conditions, it is proved that the rate of weak convergence of the original solution to the solution of the corresponding averaged equation is of order 1 via an asymptotic expansion approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactivity loss by intermediates aggregation and water vapor inhibition are two major and longstanding challenges for the noble-metal-based catalysts in oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) oxidation. Herein, the core-shell Pd@CoO Janus sites are creatively designed and stabilized over the HSAPO-34 support. Quasi in situ XPS spectra reveal that the strong interactions in Pd@CoO Janus sites promote the charge redistribution and electron back-donation through Pd-O-Co coordination. Therefore, abundant positively charged Pd2+ sites are formed and oxygen species transformation is facilitated, which significantly promote the low-temperature efficiency of acetone oxidation. Furthermore, the Pd@CoO/HSAPO-34 catalyst facilitates H 2 O molecules dissociation and produce reactive OH Ter and OH Tri species, which considerably promotes the rapid decomposition of aldehyde intermediate via attacked CH 2 O* group, ensuring low-temperature oxidation of acetone. This work provides valuable guidance to develop specific catalysts with functional active sites for rationally utilizing H 2 O molecules to improve low-temperature performance and modulate reaction pathways during OVOCs oxidation. [Display omitted] • Thermal-depolymerization was employed to synthesize the Pd@CoO Janus sites. • Charge redistribution through Pd-O-Co coordination facilitates reactant activation. • Positively charged Pd2+ and activated Co-O coordination promote acetone oxidation. • Pd@CoO/HSAPO-34 catalyst facilitates the dissociation of H 2 O molecules. • Surface OH Tri and OH Ter groups accelerate aldehyde intermediate degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with averaging principle for stochastic hyperbolic–parabolic equations with slow and fast time-scales. Under suitable conditions, the existence of an averaging equation eliminating the fast variable for this coupled system is proved. As a consequence, an effective dynamics for slow variable which takes the form of stochastic wave equation is derived. Also, the rate of strong convergence for the slow component towards the solution of the averaging equation is obtained as a byproduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are receiving increased attention from researchers in many areas of science and technology. During the actual operation, the high viscosity of DESs, especially for solid-phase sample application, can be diminished by combination of water in the solvent system, heating, and consuming a large volume of DESs. In addition, plant matrix properties of Schisandra chinensis Baill fruits should be considered including sugars-rich and full of stone cells, which also dissolve into the solvent and to reduce extraction capacity. In this study, an ultrasonic probe-based system with a direct delivery of ultrasound to sample was developed to help the matrix materials become hydrated and swelled, which increases the diffusion and flow of solvent into the dry matrix and increases mass transfer, and also minish ultrasonic energy loss. Some parameters that potentially influence circulating and pulsating ultrasonic probe extraction (CPUPE) were methodically examined and improved using the Plackett–Burman, Box–Behnken design, and the optimum practical parameters were as follows: water content of DES, 20.2%; liquid-to-solid ratio, 11.0 mL/g; total ultrasonic treatment time, 24.7 min; ultrasonic setting temperature, 323 K; ultrasonic irradiation power, 90 W; and circulating rate, 25 mL/min. CPUPE provided a accessibility to use substituted green solvents of DESs (choline chloride-lactic acid) by improving their extraction performance. The high sample extraction capacity and circulation function of the suggested CPUPE technique makes it a quick and effective method for complex substrate plant samples. Under the circulating system, the osmotic pressure difference of the solvent is significantly increased. The CPUPE make the kind method operation simple, fast, can be apply in the on-line production analysis. [Display omitted] • CPUPE is suitable for high viscosity solvent, especially for DES. • CPUPE overcomes many problems brought from DES aqueous solution. • CPUPE effectively guarantee big sample amounts for ultrasonic probe application. • CPUPE promote solvent infiltration ability for the high-efficiency extraction. • CPUPE effectively guarantees the quality and yield of lignans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Binary snow maps and fractional snow cover data are provided routinely from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). This paper investigates how the wide observation angles of MODIS influence the current snow mapping algorithm in forested areas. Theoretical modeling results indicate that large view zenith angles (VZA) can lead to underestimation of fractional snow cover (FSC) by reducing the amount of the ground surface that is viewable through forest canopies, and by increasing uncertainties during the gridding of MODIS data. At the end of the MODIS scan line, the total modeled error can be as much as 50% for FSC. Empirical analysis of MODIS/Terra snow products in four forest sites shows high fluctuation in FSC estimates on consecutive days. In addition, the normalized difference snow index (NDSI) values, which are the primary input to the MODIS snow mapping algorithms, decrease as VZA increases at the site level. At the pixel level, NDSI values have higher variances, and are correlated with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in snow covered forests. These findings are consistent with our modeled results, and imply that consideration of view angle effects could improve MODIS snow monitoring in forested areas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Elevated levels of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brains being a hallmark of Alzheimer''s disease have been believed to play a critical role in the cognitive dysfunction that occurs in Alzheimer''s disease. Recent evidence suggests that Aβ induces neuronal apoptosis in the brain and in primary neuronal cultures. In this study, we investigated the effects of puerarin, a phytoestrogen isolated from Pueraria lobata, on cognitive function and neuronal apoptosis in the intrahippocampal injection of Aβ rats and its mechanism of action. The results show the intrahippocampal injection of Aβ induced a spatial memory deficit, apoptosis, and caspase-9 activation in hippocampal neurons. Puerarin treatment ameliorated Aβ(1–42)-induced cognitive impairment and reversed the increase of apoptosis in the hippocampus. The attenuation is associated with the activation of Akt and phosphorylation of Bad. These results suggest that puerarin may be an anti-Alzheimer''s disease candidate drug to suppress both Alzheimer''s disease-related neuronal cell apoptosis and dysfunction of the memory system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Dynamical systems driven by Gaussian noises have been considered extensively in modeling, simulation and theory. However, complex systems in engineering and science are often subject to non-Gaussian fluctuations or uncertainties. A coupled dynamical system under non-Gaussian Lévy noise is considered. After discussing cocycle property, stationary orbits and random attractors, a synchronization phenomenon is shown to occur, when the drift terms of the coupled system satisfy certain dissipativity conditions. The synchronization result implies that coupled dynamical systems share a dynamical feature in certain asymptotic sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: One low molecular-weight polysaccharide (APP) of 2.8×104 Da was isolated from the fruiting body of Auricularia polytricha. Partial hydrolysis with acid, periodate oxidation–Smith degradation, acetylation, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C) were conducted to elucidate its structure and the repeating unit of APP was established as: the backbone was composed of (1→3)-linked-β-d-mannopyranosyl, (1→3)-linked-β-d-galactopyranosyl and (1→3,6)-linked-β-d-mannopyranosyl residues in the ratio of 3:2:1, and terminated with one single terminal (1→)-β-d-glucopyranosyl at the O-6 position of (1→3,6)-linked-β-d-mannopyranosyl along the main chain. ▪Preliminary antioxidant activity test in vitro showed APP could potentialize scavenging effect on hydroxyl radicals in a dose dependent manner. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this study, saponins (ARS) extracted from the rhizoma of Anemone raddeana were evaluated for their haemolytic activities and its potential ability as adjuvant on the cellular and humoral immune responses of ICR mice against ovalbumin. The haemolytic activity of ARS was determined using 0.5% rabbit red blood cell. ARS showed a slight haemolytic effect, with its haemolytic percents being 16.50 and 3.56% at the concentrations of 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively. ICR mice were immunized subcutaneously with OVA 100 μg alone or with OVA 100 μg dissolved in saline containing Alum (200 μg), QuilA (10 and 20 μg) or ARS (50, 100 or 200 μg) on Days 1 and 15. Two weeks later (Day 28), concanavalin A (Con A)-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and OVA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and OVA-specific antibodies in serum were measured. ARS significantly enhanced the Con A-, LPS-, and OVA-induced splenocyte proliferation in the OVA-immunized mice especially at a dose of 100 μg (P <0.01 or P <0.05). The OVA-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b antibody levels in serum were also significantly enhanced by ARS compared with OVA control group (P <0.01 or P <0.05). Moreover, no significant differences (P >0.05) were observed between enhancing effect of ARS and QuilA on the OVA-specific IgG2b antibody responses to OVA in mice. The results suggest that ARS showed a slight haemolytic effect and enhanced significantly a specific antibody and cellular response against OVA in mice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Characteristics of Cr(VI) adsorption on the VTM-HA were well investigated. • The vast majority of Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) by HA-Fe(II) system. • The Cr(VI) was adsorbed on the Ti atom of VTM-HA via ionic bonds. • The reduced Cr(III) was deposited on the VTM-HA surface via complexation. • VTM-HA is a promising complex adsorbent for Cr(VI) pollution treatment. The Cr(VI) could be adsorbed and reduced by the humic acid (HA)-Fe(II) system structured on the V, Ti-magnetite (VTM) surface. The Cr(VI) removal process included adsorption and reduction stages. First, the Cr(VI) was adsorbed on the VTM-HA surface via the ionic bonds between the Ti atoms of VTM core and the O atoms of the HCrO 4 −. The adsorption of Cr(VI) is uniform, monolayer, and controlled by Cr(VI) diffusion. Subsequently, the adsorbed Cr(VI) was reduced by the HA-Fe(II) system on the VTM-HA surface. During the Cr(VI) reduction process, the HA and Fe(II) have a synergistic effect. The Cr(VI) was reduced to the Cr(III) by the HA and Fe(II). Meanwhile, the HA could also reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II), making Fe(II) continue to participate in the Cr(VI) reduction. The olefin, hydroxyl, and aldehyde groups of HA were the primary electron donors during the Cr(VI) reduction. The Fe(II) acted as an electron bridge, transferring the electron from HA to Cr(VI). The reduced Cr(III) was deposited on the VTM-HA surface via the complexation with the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of HA. The results demonstrated that the Cr(VI) could be adsorbed, reduced and complexed by the HA-Fe(II) system on the VTM-HA surface synchronously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Extract the pulse signal and calculate the heart rate through the phone camera. • An improved adaptive peak extraction algorithm is proposed to detect the peaks of pulse signal. • The proposed method makes an important contribution in improving the accuracy of heart rate calculation and reducing the time consumption. As an important indicator of human health, heart rate is related to the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, extracting the heart rate from the mobile phone image has become a research hotspot. However, the illumination intensity of the background, frame rate of the video, and resolution of the image influence heart rate detection accuracy. To overcome these problems, this study proposed a novel heart rate extraction method based on mobile video. Firstly, the mobile phone camera is engaged to record the finger video, the region of interest (ROI) is extracted through the iterative threshold, and the pulse signal is obtained according to the grayscale change of the resolution within the ROI. Then, a low-pass and a high-pass Butterworth filters are exploited to filter out the noise and interframes from the extracted pulse signal. Finally, an improved adaptive peak extraction algorithm is proposed to detect the pulse peaks and the heart rate derived from the difference in pulse peaks. The experimental results show that light intensity, frame rate and resolution all have an influence on the heart rate extraction accuracy, with the most obvious influence of light, the average accuracy of the experiment can reach 99.32 % under good lighting conditions, while only 72.23 % under poor lighting conditions. In terms of frame rate, increasing the frame rate from 30 fps to 60 fps, the accuracy is improved by 0.9 %. For the resolution, increasing the resolution from 1080 p to 2160 p, the accuracy is improved by 1.12 %. While comparing the proposed method with existing methods, the proposed method has a higher accuracy rate, which has important practical value and application prospects in telemedicine and daily monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]